Ludlow Castle - Knowledge

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in several stages. Originally it was a relatively large gatehouse in the original Norman castle, probably with accommodation over the gateway, before being extended to form the Great Tower in the mid-12th century, although still being used as a gatehouse for the inner bailey. When the innermost bailey was created in the early 13th century, the gateway was then filled in and a new gateway cut into the inner bailey wall just to the east of the Great Tower. Finally, the north side of the tower was rebuilt in the mid-15th century to produce the Great Tower that appears today. The keep has a vaulted basement, 20-foot (6.1 m) high, with Norman wall arcading, and a row of windows along the first floor, since mostly blocked. The arcading echoes that in the chapel, and probably dates from around 1080. The windows and large entrance-way would have looked impressive, but would also have been very hard to defend; this form of tower probably reflected earlier Anglo-Saxon high-status towers and was intended to display lordship. The first floor originally formed a tall hall, 29 by 17 feet (8.8 by 5.2 m) across, which was subsequently subdivided into two separate floors.

1170: 1685: 655:, his father-in-law. Walter's lands were returned to him, subject to the payment of a fine of 400 marks, but in 1207 his disagreements with royal officials in Ireland led to King John seizing the castle and putting it under the control of William again. Walter reconciled himself with John the following year, but meanwhile William himself had fallen out with the King; violence broke out and both Walter and William took refuge in Ireland, with John taking control of Ludlow yet again. It was not until 1215 that their relationship recovered and John agreed to give Ludlow back to Walter. At some point during the early 13th century, the innermost bailey was constructed in the castle, creating an additional private space within the inner bailey. 636: 1431: 973: 1673: 1697: 1540: 1422:, a more systematic approach was put into place. This based around a partnership in which the Powis Estate would retain ownership of the castle and develop visitor access, in exchange for a £500,000 contribution from English Heritage for a jointly-funded programme of repairs and maintenance, delivered through specialist contractors. This included repairs to the parts of the curtain wall, which collapsed in 1990, and the redevelopment of the visitor's centre. Limited archaeological excavation was carried out in the outer bailey between 1992 and 1993 by the City of Hereford Archaeology Unit. 743: 52: 1709: 68: 1503: 1054: 503: 400: 1640: 734: 1010:

the following year that the castle was still unfit for habitation. Lee repaired the castle roofs, probably using lead from the dissolved Carmelite friary in the town, and using the fines imposed and the goods confiscated by the court. He later claimed that the work on the castle would have cost around £500, had the Crown had to pay for it all directly. The porter's lodge and prison were built in the outer bailey around 1552. The woods around the castle were gradually cut down during the 16th century.

1161:, was appointed president and given £2,000 to renovate the castle, and between 1663 and 1665, a company of infantry soldiers was garrisoned there, overseen by the earl, with the task of safeguarding the money and contents of the castle as well as the ammunition for the local Welsh militia. The Council of the Marches failed to reestablish itself and was finally disbanded in 1689, bringing an end to Ludlow Castle's role in government. Uncared for, the condition of the castle rapidly deteriorated. 851: 1292: 1206: 1348: 1185:, proposed dismantling the castle and building a residential square on the site instead, in a more contemporary style. His proposal was not adopted but, by 1708, only three rooms were still in use in the hall range, many of the other buildings in the inner bailey had fallen into disuse, and much of the remaining furniture was rotten or broken. Shortly after 1714, the roofs were stripped of their lead and the wooden floors began to collapse; the writer 1636:

the same time in the 13th century, the builders carving out the inside of the old Norman tower behind them in the process. They were probably built in two phases and were originally intended to be smaller, less grand buildings, only for the design to be changed about halfway through construction; they were finished in a rushed manner, the traces of which can still be seen, along with other changes made in the 16th and 17th centuries.

1225:, later became interested in acquiring the castle and in 1771 approached the Crown about leasing it. It is uncertain if he intended to further strip the castle of its materials or, more likely, if he intended to turn it into a private home, but the castle was, according to Powis' surveyor's report later that year, already "extremely ruinous", the walls "mostly rubble and the battlements greatly decayed". The Crown offered a 31-year 1478:

north-west corner and a much larger outer bailey. A third enclosure, known as the innermost bailey, was created in the early 13th century when walls were built to enclose the south-west corner of the inner ward. The castle's walls are linked to Ludlow's medieval town wall circuit on the south and east sides. The castle is built from a range of different types of stone; the Norman stone work is constructed from greenish-grey

1240:, constructed gravel-laid public walks around the castle, dug into the surrounding cliffs, and planted trees around the grounds to improve the castle's appearance. The castle walls and towers were given superficial repairs and tidied up, usually when parts threatened to collapse, and the interior of the inner bailey levelled, costing considerable sums of money. The landscape also required expensive maintenance and repairs. 75: 1648:

wall at the back, rather than being designed as individual buildings. The timber parts of the towers were later replaced in stone, and incorporated into the later range of buildings. The North-East Tower, also known as the Pendover Tower, was originally two-storeys high, with a third floor added on in the 14th century, followed by an extensive remodelling of the inside in the 16th century. It has

1143:. There was a Royalist plot to retake the castle in 1648, but no other military activity took place. The most valuable items in the castle were removed shortly after the siege, and the remainder of the luxurious furnishings were sold off in the town in 1650. The castle was initially kept garrisoned, but in 1653, most of the weapons in the castle were removed on the grounds of security and sent to 829:, inherited the castle in 1358, and also grew up to become involved in the war with France. Both Roger and Edmund used a legal device called "the use", effectively giving Ludlow Castle to trustees during their lifetimes in exchange for annual payments; this reduced their tax liabilities and gave them more control over the distribution of the estates on their deaths. Edmund's son, another 1632:

for castle halls of this period. The hall was reached by a flight of stone steps at the west end, and lit by three tall, trefoiled windows, each originally with its own window seat and south-facing to receive the sunlight. Originally the hall had an open fire in the centre, which was normal for the 13th century, but the middle window was turned into a more modern fireplace around 1580.

1619:, the west side being approximately 33 by 15 feet (10.1 by 4.6 m), and the east side 33 by 21 feet (10.1 by 6.4 m). They were entered by a shared spiral staircase, a design used in various episcopal palaces in the 16th century, and originally provided sets of individual offices and personal rooms for the court officials, later being converted into two distinct apartments. 1599:, but this design was heavily altered in the 16th century and only the nave survives. Although roofless, the nave survives to its full height and is 26 feet 3 inches (8.00 m) in diameter, visibly divided into two sections by different bands of stonework, and with some plaster surviving on the lower level. Around the inside of the nave are 14 1515:

stone, with a stable block on the far end, more crudely built in stone and 66 by 21 feet (20.1 by 6.4 m) in size. The exterior of the prison was originally decorated with the coats of arms of Henry, the Earl of Pembroke, and Queen Elizabeth I, but these have since been destroyed, as have the barred windows which once protected the property.

1457:. By the 21st century, however, Castle House had become dilapidated and English Heritage placed it on its "at risk" register. In 2002, the Powis Estate repurchased the property from the South Shropshire District Council for £500,000, renovating it and converting it for use as offices and rental apartments, reopening the building in 2005. 1653:

Two more Norman towers survive in the innermost bailey, the West Tower, also known as the Postern Tower, because it contained a postern gate, and the South-West tower, also called the Oven Tower, on account of its cooking facilities. The Norman towers looked out towards Wales, probably to make a symbolic statement.

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To the west of the Great Hall is the three-storeyed Solar block, an irregular oblong measuring up to 26 by 39 feet (7.9 by 11.9 m) in size. The first floor chamber would probably have been used as a solar, with the cellar being used as a service area. The Great Hall and Solar block were built at

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The inner bailey represents the extent of the original Norman castle and is protected by a curtain wall between 5-foot (1.5 m) and 6-foot (1.8 m) thick. On the south and west sides the wall is protected by a ditch, originally up to 80-foot (24 m) deep, cut out of the rock and navigated

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in 1301, giving Mortimer control of Ludlow Castle. Around 1320, Roger built the Great Chamber block alongside the existing Great Hall and Solar complex, copying what was becoming a popular tripartite design for domestic castle buildings in the 14th century; an additional building was also constructed

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The Great Tower, or keep, is on the south side of the innermost bailey. A roughly square building, four storeys tall, most of its walls are 8-foot-6-inch (2.59 m) thick, with the exception of its newer northern facing wall, only 7-foot-6-inch (2.29 m) thick. The Great Tower was constructed

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angles on the external corners to make it harder to attack the stonework, although this has weakened the structural strength of the tower as a whole. The North-West Tower had similar chamfered corners, but the Closet Tower was built alongside it in the 13th century, altering the external appearance.

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assisted the Powis estate by lending government staff to repair the castle. Visitor numbers were falling, however, in part due to the dilapidated condition of the property, and the estate became increasingly unable to afford to maintain the castle. After 1984, when the function of the department was

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visited in 1722, and noted that the castle "is in the very Perfection of Decay". Nonetheless, some rooms remained usable for many years afterwards, possibly as late as the 1760s and 1770s, when drawings show the entrance block to the inner bailey to still be intact, and visitors remarked on the good

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for a period of two years. This was cut short in May 1225 when Walter carried out a campaign against Henry's enemies in Ireland and paid the King 3,000 marks for the return of his castles and lands. During the 1230s, however, Walter had accumulated a thousand pounds of debt to Henry and private

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The medieval mark was worth two-thirds of an English pound; 400, 1,000 marks and 3,100 marks were the equivalent of £240, £666 and £2,066 respectively. It is impossible to accurately compare medieval financial sums with their modern equivalents; as a comparative example, an average English baron of

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The North-West and North-East towers behind the northern range are Norman in origin, from the 11th and early 12th century. When first built, they were created by pushing or folding the line of the curtain wall outwards to create the desired external shape, and then adding timber floors and a timber

1313:

Between 1820 and 1828 the earl had converted the abandoned tennis court and the Castle Inn – which he closed in 1812 after buying the castle – into a new, grand building, called Castle House, overlooking the north side of the outer bailey. By the 1840s the house had been leased out, first to George

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The establishment of the Council in Ludlow Castle gave it a new lease of life, during a period in which many similar fortifications were falling into decay. By the 1530s, the castle needed considerable renovation; Lee began work in 1534, borrowing money to do so, but Sir Thomas Engleford complained

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when the latter was caught on a hook thrown over the walls by the garrison. Gilbert still maintained that he was the rightful owner of Ludlow, however, and a private war ensued between Joce and himself. Gilbert was ultimately successful and retook the castle around a few years before the end of the

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The architecture of Ludlow reflects its long history, retaining a blend of several styles of building. The castle is approximately 500 by 435 feet (152 by 133 m) in size, covering almost 5 acres (2.0 ha). The outer bailey includes the Castle House building, now used by the Powis Estate as

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was constructed in the outer bailey but the remainder of the castle was left largely untouched, attracting an increasing number of visitors and becoming a popular location for artists. After 1900, Ludlow Castle was cleared of vegetation and over the course of the century it was extensively repaired

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The dating of the Great Hall and the Solar block depends on an analysis of their stylistic features and the historical events during the period; there are no documentary records available of the construction work. There has been consensus since Hope's work at the beginning of the 20th century that

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A range, now lost, once stretched from the innermost bailey towards the Great Hall, including a large stone house running along the curtain wall, 54 by 20 feet (16.5 by 6.1 m) in size, and on the other side of the innermost bailey, the Great Kitchen, 31 by 23 feet (9.4 by 7.0 m) in size,

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In the 13th-century Great Hall, the hall itself was also positioned on the first floor, originally fitted with a wooden floor supported by stone pillars in the basement, and a massive wooden roof. It was 60 by 30 feet (18.3 by 9.1 m) across: this 2:1 ratio between length and width was typical

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The castle was increasingly rigorously maintained, and during the 1910s and 1920s the larger trees around the castle were cut down, and the animals were cleared from the inner and outer baileys on the basis that they posed a health and safety risk to visitors. The 1930s saw a major effort to clear

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finally granted Edmund his estates in 1413, with Edmund going on to serve the Crown overseas. As a result, the Mortimers rarely visited the castle during the first part of the century, despite the surrounding town having become prosperous in the wool and cloth trades. Edmund fell heavily into debt

1825:£800 in 1904 would be worth between £86,000 and £673,000 in 2013 terms, depending on the financial measure used. £4,000 in 1928 would be worth between £630,000 and £1.4 million; £2,000 in 1945 would be worth between £230,000 and £320,000; £4,000 in 1956 would be worth between £81,000 and £300,000. 1815:

Comparing 19th-century and modern financial sums depends on the financial measure used. £1,560 in 1811 would be worth between £99,000 and £5.2 million in 2013 terms. £50 in 1887 would be worth between £4,900 and £62,000 in 2013 terms. Six pence in 1887 would be worth between £2.40 and £18 in 2013

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The inner bailey; locations: A – Garderobe Tower; B – North-West Tower; C – Solar block; D – Great Hall; E – Great Chamber block; F – Tudor Lodgings and North-East Tower; G – Great Kitchen and pantry; H – well; I – Chapel of St Mary Magdalene; J – West Tower; K – South-West Tower; L – Great

1442:, the current Earl of Powis, but is held and managed by the Trustees of the Powis Castle Estate as a tourist attraction. The castle was receiving over 100,000 visitors a year by 2005, more than in previous decades. The castle traditionally hosts a Shakespearean play as part of the annual cultural 1197:

Alexander Stuart, an Army captain who served as the last governor of the castle, stripped down what remained of the fortification in the mid-1700s. Some of the stone was reused to build the Bowling Green House – later renamed the Castle Inn – on the north end of the tennis courts, while the north

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seized Ludlow Castle, but it was recaptured shortly afterwards by Henry's supporters, probably led by Geoffrey de Geneville. Prince Edward escaped from captivity in 1265 and met up with his supporters at the castle, before commencing his campaign to retake the throne, culminating in de Montfort's

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and Margaret were due to inherit Walter's remaining estates on his death, but they were still unmarried, making it hard for them to hold property in their own right. Henry informally divided the lands up between them, giving Ludlow to Maud and marrying her to one of his royal favourites, Peter de

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The other half of the outer bailey houses the 16th-century porter's lodge, prison and stable block which run along its eastern edge. The porter's lodge and prison comprise two buildings, 40 feet (12 m) and 58 by 23 feet (17.7 by 7.0 m) across, both two-storeyed and well built in ashlar

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The outer bailey is entered through a gatehouse; inside, the space within the curtain walls is divided into two. On the north side of the outer bailey is Castle House and its gardens; the house is a two-storeyed property, based around the old walls of the tennis court and the Castle Inn, and the

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referring to it as "the glory of the middle marches of Wales" and as being "probably without rival in Britain" for its woodland setting. When Ludlow became connected to the growing railway network in 1852, the numbers of tourists to the castle increased, with admission costing six pence in 1887.

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The new Edward IV visited the castle regularly and established a council there to govern his estates in Wales. He probably conducted only modest work on the property, although he might have been responsible for the remodelling of the Great Tower. In 1473, possibly influenced by his own childhood

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chamber inside, 12-foot-9.5-inch (3.899 m) large. When first built, Mortimer's Tower was a three-storey gateway with an unusual D-shaped design, possibly similar to those at Trim Castle in Ireland, but in the 15th century the entrance way was blocked up to turn it into a conventional mural

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and the stable block was converted into a museum. Tourists continued to visit the castle, with the 1920s and 1930s seeing many day-trips by teams of workers in the region encouraged by the growth in motor transport. The open spaces inside the castle were used by the local townsfolk for football

905:, who took possession in 1432. Richard took a keen interest in the castle, which formed the administrative base for his estates around the region, possibly living there in the late 1440s and definitely residing there for much of the 1450s. Richard also established his sons, including the future 595:

was built to the south and east of the original castle, creating a large open space. In the process, the entrance to the castle shifted from the south to the east, to face the growing town of Ludlow. Gilbert probably built the circular chapel in the inner bailey, resembling the churches of the

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tower along the walls, with a ditch dug out of the rock along two sides, the excavated stone being reused for the building works, and would have been one of the first masonry castles in England. With its circular design and grand entrance tower, it has been likened to the earlier Anglo-Saxon

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to the south and west, about 100 feet (30 m) below. The castle is broadly rectangular in shape, and approximately 500 by 435 feet (152 by 133 m) in size, covering almost 5 acres (2.0 ha) in total. The interior is divided into two main parts: an inner bailey which occupies the

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by a bridge which still contains part of the ashlar stone of its 16th century predecessor. Within the inner bailey, a separate area, called the innermost bailey, was created by the addition of a 5-foot (1.5 m) thick stone wall around the south-west corner in the early 13th century.

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Ludlow Castle gradually became the Mortimer family's most important property, but for much of the rest of the century its owners were too young to control the castle personally. The castle was first briefly inherited by Mortimer's son, Edmund, and then in 1331 Mortimer's young grandson,

998:, spent 19 months at Ludlow overseeing the Council of the Marches between 1525 and 1528, along with her entourage of servants, advisors, and guardians. The relatively small sum of £5 was spent restoring the castle before her arrival. The council's wide-ranging role was reinforced in 1558:

windows and fireplaces, probably used as the lodgings for the judges. There were probably additional heraldic supporters displayed alongside the arms, since lost. A porter's lodge would have been on the right hand side of the entrance to control access, with the rooms accessed by a

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Hodges and his family, and then to William Urwick and to Robert Marston, all important members of the local landowning classes. The mansion included a drawing room, dining room, study, servants' quarters, a conservatory and grapevines, and in 1887 was worth £50 a year in rent.

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The Great Chamber block adjoining the Tudor Lodgings dates from around 1320. Another rhomboid design, approximately 53 by 34 feet (16 by 10 m) across, this originally had its main chamber on the first floor, but has been much altered over the subsequent years. The carved

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in 1883, which highlighted the damage being caused by the ivy, attempts were made to control the plants, cleaning them off many of the walls. The castle was put to a wide range of uses. The grassy areas of the bailey were kept cropped by grazing sheep and goats, and used for

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offices and accommodation, while the inner bailey, separated by a trench cut out of the stone, houses the Great Tower, Solar block, Great Hall and Great Chamber block, along with later 16th century additions, as well as a rare, circular chapel, modelled on the shrine in the

1302:, George's brother-in-law and heir, attempted to acquire the lease after 1803, citing the efforts that the family had put into restoring the castle. He faced competition for the lease from the government's Barrack Office, who were considering using the castle as a French 1040:

converted out of the 14th-century chapel, facilities for prisoners and storage facilities for the court records, Mortimer's Tower in the outer bailey being turned into a record depository. The restoration was generally sympathetic and, although it included a fountain, a

591:, was constructed by converting the entrance tower, probably either around the time of the siege of 1139, or during the war between Gilbert and Joce. The old Norman castle had also begun to become too small for a growing household and, probably between 1140 and 1177, an 1123:

for the castle. As the war turned against the King in 1644, the garrison was drawn down to provide reinforcements for the field army. The military situation deteriorated and in 1645 the remaining outlying garrisons were drawn in to protect Ludlow itself. In April 1646

1805:

It is challenging to accurately compare 18th-century and modern financial sums. £30,000 in 1720 would be worth between £55 million and £440 million in 2013 terms, depending on the financial measure used. £20 in 1772 would be worth between £2,200 and £38,000 in 2013

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It is challenging to accurately compare 16th-century and modern financial sums. £5 in 1525 would be worth between £3,059 and £1,101,000 in 2013 terms, depending on the financial measure used. £500 in 1534 would be worth between £306,000 and £110 million in 2013

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and turned into flats for key war workers, causing extensive damage later estimated at £2,000. In 1956, Castle House was de-requisitioned and sold by the Earl of Powis the following year to Ludlow Borough Council for £4,000, which rented out the flats.

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they were built in the late 13th century, but the precise date is uncertain. The historian Richard Morriss concludes that they date from the 1280s or 1290s, but Michael Thompson argues in favour of the construction taking place between 1250 and 1280.

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Along the south of the bailey are the remains of St Peter's, a former 14th-century chapel, approximately 21 by 52 feet (6.4 by 15.8 m) in size, later converted to a courthouse by the addition of an extension reaching up to the western

1006:, used its harsher powers extensively to execute local criminals, but later presidents typically preferred to punish with the pillory, whipping or imprisonment in the castle. The Great Chamber itself was used as the council's meeting room. 837:

took the opportunity of Roger's minority to exploit the Mortimer estates until they were put into the control of a committee of major nobles. When Roger died in 1398, Richard again took wardship of the castle on behalf of the young heir,

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in a protruding tower, with prominent triple chimneys, since lost. Alongside the gatehouse was originally a half-timbered building, possibly a laundry, approximately 48 by 15 feet (14.6 by 4.6 m), which has since been lost.

988:. The council evolved into a combination of a governmental body and a court of law, settling a range of disputes across Wales and charged with maintaining general order, and Ludlow Castle became effectively the capital of Wales. 666:

at Ludlow Castle for peace talks, but the negotiations were unsuccessful. The same year Henry became suspicious of Walter's activities in Ireland and, among other measures to secure his loyalty, Ludlow Castle was taken over by

956:. By now Ludlow had become primarily residential, rather than military, but was still rich in chivalric connotations and a valuable symbol of the Yorkist authority and their claim to the throne. Edward died in 1483, but after 321:, effectively acting as the capital of Wales, and it was extensively renovated throughout the 16th century. By the 17th century the castle was luxuriously appointed, hosting cultural events such as the first performance of 1310:. After some extensive discussions the prisoner-of-war plan was finally dropped, and Lord Clive, by now declared the Earl of Powis, was offered the chance to buy the castle outright for £1,560, which he accepted in 1811. 1627:

that survive on the first floor may represent Edward II and Queen Isabella. Behind the Great Chamber block is the Guardrobe Tower, a four storeyed construction, providing a combination of bed chambers and guardrobes.

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The north end of the bailey is occupied by a range of buildings, the Solar block, the Great Hall and the Great Chamber block, with the Tudor Lodgings in the north-east corner. The Tudor Lodgings take the form of two

1032:. He extended the castle by building family apartments between the Great Hall and Mortimer's Tower, and used the former royal apartments as a guest wing, starting a tradition of decorating the Great Hall with the 431:

and tasked with settling the area; at the same time, several castles were founded in the west of the county, securing its border with Wales. Walter de Lacy was the earl's second in command, and was rewarded with

940:, being given the wider lordship. Richard was killed in battle in 1460, and his son Edward seized the throne the following year, retaking control of Ludlow Castle and merging it with the property of the Crown. 1147:, then in 1655 the garrison was disbanded altogether. In 1659, the political instability in the Commonwealth government led to the castle being regarrisoned by 100 men under the command of William Botterell. 451:

Castle, before it acquired its later name of Ludlow. Ludlow was the most important of Walter's castles: as well as being at the heart of his new estates, the site also lay at a strategic crossroads over the

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Period: black – 11th/12th century; purple – 12th century; blue – 13th century; yellow – 14th century; orange- 15th century; red – 16th century; light purple – 17th century; shading shows destroyed buildings

1523:. The courtroom occupied the whole of the combined first floor with records kept in the rooms underneath. The south-west corner of the outer bailey is cut off by a modern wall from the rest of the bailey. 623:

in 1194, Walter joined in the attacks against the prince; Richard did not approve of this and confiscated Ludlow and Walter's other properties. Walter de Lacy offered to buy back his land for 1,000

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It is challenging to accurately compare 17th-century and modern financial sums. £2,000 in 1661 would be worth between £3.2 million and £49 million in 2013 terms, depending on the financial measure used.

1672: 1398:. One such lessee, Richard Henderson observed that he had spent around £4,000 maintaining and upgrading the property, and the rentable value of the property rose from £76 to £150 over the period. 1351:

Plan of Ludlow Castle; locations: A – inner bailey; B – ditch; C – Castle House; D – Mortimer's Tower; E – St Peter's chapel; F – outer bailey; G – porter's lodge, prison and stable; H – entrance

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factions in the 1450s. Ludlow Castle did not find itself in the front-line of most of the conflict, instead acting as a safe retreat away from the main fighting. An exception to this was the

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Walter de Lacy travelled to Ireland in 1201 and the following year his properties, including Ludlow Castle, were once again confiscated to ensure his loyalty and placed under the control of

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The western curtain wall is approximately 6-foot-5-inch (1.96 m) thick, and guarded by the 13th-century Mortimer's Tower, 18 feet (5.5 m) across externally, with a ground floor

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English Heritage considers Ludlow to be "one of England's finest castle sites", with the ruins representing "a remarkably complete multi-phase complex". It is protected under UK law as a

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began a sequence of archaeological investigations at Ludlow Castle in 1903, publishing their conclusions in 1909 in an account which continues to be held in regard by modern academics.

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The gatehouse to the inner bailey has the coats of arms of Sir Henry Sidney and Queen Elizabeth I displayed over it, dating to 1581, and was originally a three-storeyed building with

357:, the council was reestablished and the castle repaired, but Ludlow never recovered from the civil war years and when the council was finally abolished in 1689 it fell into neglect. 766:

by Roger on the location of the later Tudor Lodgings, and the Guardrobe Tower was added to the curtain wall. Between 1321 and 1322 Mortimer found himself on the losing side of the

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revolt broke out across Wales. Military captains were appointed to the castle to protect it from the rebel threat, in the first instance John Lovel and then Henry's half-brother,

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of Ludlow also began to be constructed in the 13th century, probably from 1260 onwards, and these were linked to the castle to form a continuous ring of defences around the town.

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all produced depictions of the castle during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, usually taking some artistic licence with the details in order to produce atmospheric works.

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Henry placed the young heir to Ludlow, another Edmund Mortimer, under house arrest in the south of England, and kept a firm grip on Ludlow Castle himself. This persisted until

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During the Second World War the castle was used by the Allied military. The Great Tower was used as a look-out post and United States' forces used the castle gardens for

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of council officers. The larger windows in the castle were glazed, a clock installed and water piped into the castle. The judicial facilities were improved with a new

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on which he had escaped from the Tower. Mortimer's work at Ludlow was probably intended to produce what the historian David Whitehead has termed a "show castle" with

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had seized the English throne, but his position was insecure and he therefore gave Ludlow to fitzMiles in 1137, in exchange for promises of future political support.

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itself. Stuart lived in a house in Ludlow itself, but decorated the Great Hall with the remains of the castle armoury, and may have charged visitors for admittance.

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tower, and in the 16th century an additional internal floor was inserted. The tower is now roofless, although it was roofed as late as the end of the 19th century.

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and a library; he estimated the cost of the work to be around £800. Castle House continued to be leased out by the Powis estate to wealthy individuals up until the

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later that year. Geoffrey continued to occupy the castle for the rest of the century under Edward I's rule, prospering until his death in 1314. Geoffrey built the

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confiscated the castle in his absence, probably to ensure that Hugh stayed loyal while in Ireland. Hugh died in Ireland in 1186 and the castle passed to his son,

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garrison was put in place in the town, under the command of Sir Michael Woodhouse, and the defences were strengthened, with artillery being brought from nearby

571:, to Sybil and granting the future ownership of the castle to them. Stephen took the castle after several attempts in 1139, famously rescuing his ally Prince 909:, and their household at the castle in the 1450s, and was possibly responsible for rebuilding the northern part of the Great Tower during this period. 1071:

The castle was luxuriously appointed by the 17th century, with an expensive, but grand, household based around the Council of the Marches. The future

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Geneva, cancelling many of the debts they had inherited from Walter at the same time. Peter died in 1249 and Maud married a second time, this time to

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in 1616, and Ludlow was made his principal castle in Wales. A company called the "Queen's Players" entertained the Council in the 1610s, and in 1634

984:, before dying the following year. The Council in the Marches of Wales continued to operate, however, under the guidance of its president, Bishop 5558: 751:

The 14th-century Great Chamber block and the 12th-century chapel of St Mary Magdalene (left), and the interior of the Great Chamber block (right)

1390:

in 1901, who carried out extensive work on the property in 1904, extending and modernising the north end of the house, including constructing a

1132:

led a Parliamentary army from Hereford to take Ludlow; after a short siege, Woodhouse surrendered the castle and town on good terms on 26 May.

1115:

broke out in 1642 between the supporters of King Charles and those of Parliament, Ludlow and the surrounding region supported the Royalists. A

932:. After the battle, in a bid to break Richard's power over the region, Edmund de la Mare was placed in charge of the castle as constable, with 98: 5603: 378:

by the Powis Estate and government bodies. In the 21st century it is still owned by the Earl of Powis and operated as a tourist attraction.

139: 1405:

games. Castle House fell empty after the death of its final lessee, James Geenway; the house was then briefly requisitioned in 1942 by the

563:

soon broke out and Gilbert took his chance to rise up against Stephen, seizing Ludlow Castle. Stephen responded by taking an army into the

1169: 5588: 4219: 4046: 1931: 809:

overtones, echoing the now archaic Norman styles of building. Mortimer fell from power the following year and was executed but his widow

5583: 5578: 2893: 1744: 1243:

The town of Ludlow was increasingly fashionable and frequented by tourists, with the castle forming a particularly popular attraction.

685: 540:

to support the castle and its defences. Pain died in 1137 fighting the Welsh, triggering a struggle for the inheritance of the castle.

282: 273:

of the 12th century the castle changed hands several times between the de Lacys and rival claimants, and was further fortified with a

810: 758: 1696: 471:

stone fortifications were added possibly as early as the 1080s onwards, and were finished before 1115, based around what is now the

700: 420: 4007: 949: 4097: 1734: 1366:, the Earl of Powis, cleared away much of the ivy and vegetation from the castle stonework. In 1915 the castle was declared an 1153:

returned to the throne in 1660 and reinstated the Council of the Marches in 1661, but the castle never recovered from the war.

652: 5303:

Remfry, Peter; Halliwell, Peter (2000). "St. Peter's Chapel & the Court House". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

5293: 5104: 5024: 4948: 4071: 1097: 898: 541: 67: 1729: 1154: 1045:

court, walks and viewing platform, it was less ephemeral a make-over than seen in other castle restorations of the period.

1017: 875: 5436:

Streeten, Anthony D. F. (2000). "Monument Preservation, Management and Display". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

933: 5398:

Shoesmith, Rob (2000b). "The Tudor Lodgings and User of the North-East Range". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

4977:

Coplestone-Crow, Bruce (2000b). "The End of the Anarchy to the de Genevilles". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1237: 928:

which took place just outside the town of Ludlow in 1459, resulting in a largely bloodless victory for the Lancastrian

839: 826: 2588:

The tile is from The Shropshire Hills Discovery Centre, holding number SRCHM A08248; origins described on museum label

1335:; parts of the outer bailey was used as a timber yard, and, by the turn of the century, the old prison was used as an 882:. Henry refused to ransom him, and he eventually married one of Glyndŵr's daughters, before dying during the siege of 5521: 5502: 5483: 5464: 5445: 5426: 5407: 5388: 5369: 5350: 5331: 5312: 5274: 5224: 5205: 5186: 5142: 5123: 5081: 5062: 5043: 5005: 4986: 4967: 1363: 1233: 1125: 830: 818: 762: 294: 1708: 1657:

built around the same time as the Great Hall, and an oven building, since lost, 21 by 27 feet (6.4 by 8.2 m).

1218: 999: 680: 635: 604: 580:, leaving Ludlow in the hands of firstly, his eldest son, Robert, and then, after Robert's death, his younger son, 358: 318: 5563: 5322:

Renn, Derek (1987). "'Chastel de Dynan': The First Phases of Ludlow". In Kenyon, John R.; Avent, Richard (eds.).

1439: 1299: 871: 366: 1209:

Painting of the castle in October 1812 by an anonymous artist, after the landscaping and extensive tree-planting

5568: 5553: 5474:

Thompson, Michael (2000). "The Great Hall & Great Chamber Block". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1430: 692:, the future king. In 1260, Henry officially split up Walter's estate, allowing Geoffrey to retain the castle. 5455:

Stone, Richard (2000). "The Porter' Lodge, Prison and Stable Block". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1322:

During the 19th century, vegetation continued to grow over the castle's stonework, although after a survey by

1414: 612: 523: 135: 5114:

Griffiths, Ralph A. (2000). "Ludlow During the Wars of the Roses". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

5608: 5573: 4958:

Coplestone-Crow, Bruce (2000a). "From Foundation to the Anarchy". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1584: 894:

and having sold his rights to his Welsh estates to a consortium of nobles, before dying childless in 1425.

383: 4923: 5053:

Faraday, Michael (2000). "The Council in the Marches of Wales". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

4996:

Coppack, Glyn (2000). "The Round Chapel of St. Mary Magdalene". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1139:, Ludlow Castle continued to be run by Parliamentarian governors, the first being the military commander 1136: 581: 347: 346:

army in 1646. The contents of the castle were sold off and a garrison was retained there for much of the

1643:

The Great Kitchen (right), in front of the innermost bailey, and the entrance to the inner bailey (left)

1370:

by the state, but it continued to be owned and maintained by the earl and trustees of the Powis estate.

5593: 5034:

Curnow, Peter E.; Kenyon, John R. (2000). "Mortimer's Tower". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1739: 1247:

published an edition of Milton's poems in 1785, describing Ludlow Castle and popularising the links to

1217:

may have considered making Ludlow habitable again, but was deterred by the estimated costs of £30,000.

1214: 416: 262: 198: 1194:, trees and shrubs, and by 1800 the chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene had finally degenerated into ruin. 1002:, and its purpose was further elaborated in the Act of Union of 1543; some presidents, such as Bishop 960:

took the throne in 1485 he continued to use Ludlow Castle as a regional base, granting it to his son,

1592: 716:

during his tenure of the castle, either between 1250 and 1280, or later, in the 1280s and 1290s. The

4223: 4050: 1935: 785:, Edward's estranged wife, and together in 1327 they seized power in England. Mortimer was made the 5257: 1387: 972: 925: 5598: 5360:

Renn, Derek; Shoesmith, Ron (2000). "The Outer Bailey". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1678:

The chapel of St Mary Magdalene, showing the two levels of stonework and surviving plasterwork...

1568: 1567:

On the east side of the bailey is the 12th-century chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene. The circular,

1555: 1374:

the remaining vegetation from the castle, the cellars were cleared of debris by the government's

1024:

as President of the Council in 1560, and he took up residence at Ludlow Castle. Henry was a keen

961: 5512:

Whitehead, David (2000). "Symbolism and Assimilation". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

627:, but the offer was rejected until in 1198 the vast sum of 3,100 marks was finally agreed. 1572: 1272: 1268: 1174: 1105: 953: 676:

to the King, although the fortification was returned to him sometime before his death in 1241.

5417:

Shoesmith, Rob (2000c). "The Story of Castle House". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1539: 1612: 1600: 1520: 1150: 834: 822: 790: 696: 616: 491: 290: 226: 5493:

White, Peter (2000). "Changes to the Castle Keep". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

4138: 2897: 4025: 1527: 1511:

curtain wall. The north end of Castle House butts onto Beacon Tower, overlooking the town.

1469:

on lower ground to the east, while the ground slopes steeply from the castle to the rivers

1303: 1129: 1120: 1072: 1003: 957: 878:, set out from the castle with an army against the rebels in 1402, but was captured at the 771: 673: 663: 659: 620: 460:. Walter died in a construction accident at Hereford in 1085 and was succeeded by his son, 297:

acquired the castle in 1301, further extending the internal complex of buildings. Richard,

20: 5341:

Renn, Derek (2000). "The Norman Military Works". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

5072:

Fleming, Anthony (2000). "The Judges' Lodgings". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1571:

design of the chapel is unusual, with only three similar examples existing in England, at

1104:. The Council faced increased criticism over its legal practices, however, and in 1641 an 510:, constructed in the mid-12th century (centre), and the late-12th century entrance to the 8: 5133:

Harding, David (2000). "The Mortimer Lordship". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

4939:

Cooper, J. P. D. (2014). "Centre and Localities". In Doran, Susan; Jones, Norman (eds.).

1101: 1092: 1063: 1029: 981: 929: 879: 863: 689: 672:

moneylenders which he was unable to repay. As a result, in 1238 he gave Ludlow Castle as

608: 468: 330: 5265:

Morriss, Richard K. (2000). "The Solar Block". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1446:

in the town, and is at the centre of the Ludlow Food and Drink Festival each September.

5251: 5093: 1450: 1355: 1256: 1182: 937: 917: 890: 782: 549: 519: 354: 5177:

Hughes, Pat (2000). "The Castle in Decline". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

4011: 1502: 51: 5517: 5498: 5479: 5460: 5441: 5422: 5403: 5384: 5365: 5346: 5327: 5308: 5289: 5270: 5239: 5220: 5201: 5182: 5138: 5119: 5100: 5077: 5058: 5039: 5020: 5001: 4982: 4963: 4944: 1332: 1112: 991: 913: 705: 572: 339: 306: 234: 230: 1053: 976:

Interior of the 16th-century Judges' Lodgings, showing the spiral staircase (centre)

793:

at the castle in 1329. The earl built a new chapel in the Outer Bailey, named after

615:, who was a minor and did not take charge of the property until 1194. During Prince 5165: 4079: 1560: 1419: 1395: 1367: 1359: 1336: 1323: 1028:

with an interest in chivalry, and used his post to restore much of the castle in a

855: 742: 428: 5379:

Shoesmith, Ron (2000a). "Ludlow Castle". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

4083: 1383:

was restaged in the castle to mark the 300th anniversary of the first such event.

964:, in 1493, and reestablishing the dormant Council in the Marches at the property. 867: 399: 5196:

Knight, Jeremy (2000). "The Civil War". In Shoesmith, Ron; Johnson, Andy (eds.).

1639: 1580: 1576: 1454: 1443: 1406: 1375: 1307: 1280: 1260: 1158: 1076: 775: 560: 545: 537: 424: 266: 502: 2894:"Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present" 1080: 883: 798: 568: 532: 130: 5169: 850: 5547: 5243: 1391: 1276: 1264: 1259:

location. The castle became a topic for painters interested in these themes:

1244: 1229:

at £20 a year, which Powis accepted in 1772, only to die shortly afterwards.

1222: 1199: 1033: 985: 921: 786: 767: 733: 607:

and in 1172 was made Lord of Meath; he spent much time away from Ludlow, and

597: 567:, where he attempted to garner local support by marrying one of his knights, 564: 527: 461: 437: 370: 156: 113: 100: 1177:, painted between 1765 and 1769, prior to the landscaping of the castle site 1186: 1021: 902: 713: 640: 624: 592: 544:, who had been planning to marry Pain's daughter, laid claim to it, as did 511: 472: 444: 298: 286: 278: 1213:

It became fashionable to restore castles as private homes, and the future

980:

In 1501, Prince Arthur arrived in Ludlow for his honeymoon with his bride

490:

designs. In 1096, Roger was stripped of his lands after rebelling against

269:

and was one of the first stone castles to be built in England. During the

5324:

Castles in Wales and the Marches: Essays in Honour of D. J. Cathcart King

4919: 1715: 1624: 1470: 1465:

Ludlow Castle sits on a rocky promontory, overlooking the modern town of

1328: 1318: 1252: 1140: 1084: 1058: 1042: 1025: 1013: 952:

to live at the castle, which was also made the seat of the newly created

854:

Medieval tile, probably from Ludlow Castle, originally forming part of a

806: 794: 556: 433: 322: 270: 222: 19:

This article is about the castle in England. For the house in India, see

5286:

The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Social and Political History

1205: 699:

across England. Following the Royalist defeat in 1264, the rebel leader

522:

gave Ludlow Castle and most of the surrounding estates to Hugh's niece,

2891: 1616: 1583:. Built from sandstone, the circular design imitates the shrine at the 1474: 1347: 1037: 995: 709: 644: 577: 457: 453: 408: 404: 258: 254: 250: 41: 1291: 448: 365:

in 1772, extensively landscaping the ruins, while his brother-in-law,

1491: 1479: 906: 717: 668: 480: 362: 343: 314: 310: 301:, inherited the castle in 1425, and it became an important symbol of 212: 208: 5153: 2759: 2757: 1506:

Mortimer's Tower with the towers of the inner bailey in the distance

536:, the main castle in his estates, using the surrounding estates and 1608: 1402: 1190:

condition of the round chapel. The stonework became overgrown with

1144: 1116: 945: 802: 476: 335: 2754: 1649: 1596: 1317:

Ludlow Castle was held in high esteem by Victorian antiquarians,

374: 302: 5217:

Castles in Context: Power, Symbolism and Landscape, 1066 to 1500

5538: 1483: 1466: 1088: 326: 246: 37: 5017:

Early European Castles: Aristocracy and Authority, AD 800–1200

944:

experiences at Ludlow, Edward sent his eldest son, the future

419:

around 1075. Walter had arrived in England in 1066 as part of

1487: 1434:

The castle hosting the Ludlow Food and Drink Festival in 2003

1226: 1386:

Castle House in the outer bailey was leased to the diplomat

1181:

The castle remained in disrepair, and in 1704 its governor,

313:, seized the throne in 1461 it passed into the ownership of 1588: 1494:, with the later work primarily using local red sandstone. 695:

Henry lost control of power in the 1260s, resulting in the

588: 507: 486: 274: 5326:. Cardiff, UK: University of Wales Press. pp. 55–74. 1191: 897:

The castle was inherited by Edmund's sister's young son,

5099:. New Haven, US, and London, UK: Yale University Press. 781:

While in France, Mortimer formed an alliance with Queen

1595:, 3.8 by 3.8 metres (12 by 12 ft) in size, and a 530:, one of his household staff. Pain used Ludlow as his 3914: 3912: 3776: 3774: 2822: 2820: 4601: 4599: 4310: 4308: 3048: 3046: 789:

and became extremely wealthy, possibly entertaining

1544:

Tower; M – ditch and bridge; N – Judges's Lodgings.

821:, who eventually became a prominent soldier in the 494:and they were reassigned to Roger's brother, Hugh. 443:Walter began building a castle within the manor of 342:of the 1640s, until it was besieged and taken by a 281:. In the mid-13th century, Ludlow was passed on to 5497:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 139–144. 5478:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 167–174. 5459:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 205–212. 5440:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 117–122. 5421:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 213–228. 5402:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 175–184. 5364:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 191–194. 5345:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 125–138. 5307:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 201–204. 5269:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 155–166. 5092: 5076:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 185–190. 5038:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 195–200. 5000:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 145–154. 3909: 3771: 2892:Lawrence H. Officer; Samuel H. Williamson (2014), 2817: 2548: 2546: 5516:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 99–117. 4596: 4305: 3319: 3317: 3043: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2625: 2623: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2457: 2455: 1819: 1379:matches and similar events, and in 1934 Milton's 5545: 5383:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 15–20. 5200:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 83–88. 5181:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 89–98. 5137:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 45–56. 5118:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 57–68. 5057:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 69–82. 4981:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 35–44. 4976: 4962:. Logaston, UK: Logaston Press. pp. 21–34. 4957: 4170: 4168: 3199: 3197: 2728: 2726: 2485: 2362: 2350: 2333: 2321: 2309: 2297: 2280: 2268: 2244: 2229: 2214: 2190: 2178: 2113: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2073: 2057: 2045: 2033: 2021: 2009: 1994: 1890: 1878: 1866: 1849: 1762: 1760: 5302: 4330: 4318: 4180: 3088: 2543: 2196: 1767:the period had an annual income of around £200. 1438:In the 21st century, Ludlow Castle is owned by 587:During this period, the Great Tower, a form of 3314: 2876: 2620: 2603: 2452: 1198:side of the outer bailey was used to make the 317:. Ludlow Castle was chosen as the seat of the 5359: 5288:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 4943:. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. pp. 130–146. 4165: 3194: 2723: 2410: 2149: 2137: 1757: 518:Hugh de Lacy died childless around 1115, and 5033: 4370: 4358: 3601: 3599: 3334: 3332: 3084: 1664: 475:of the castle, forming a stone version of a 3835: 3833: 3228: 3226: 3224: 1251:, reinforcing the castle's reputation as a 842:, until he was deposed from power in 1399. 5514:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5495:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5476:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5457:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5438:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5419:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5416: 5400:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5397: 5381:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5378: 5362:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5343:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5305:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5267:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5198:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5179:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5135:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5116:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5074:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5055:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 5036:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 4998:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 4979:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 4960:Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings 4745: 4641: 4542: 4255: 4243: 4202: 4186: 4133: 4117: 3899: 3883: 3867: 3855: 3843: 3824: 3665: 3641: 3518: 2985: 2442: 1745:Listed buildings in Ludlow (northern area) 862:Ludlow Castle was in the wardship of King 757:Geoffrey and Maud's oldest granddaughter, 576:civil war in 1153. He ultimately left for 447:; the fortification was originally called 245:is a ruined medieval fortification in the 5511: 5113: 5014: 4885: 4857: 3796: 3780: 3761: 3713: 3689: 3609: 3596: 3586: 3570: 3558: 3546: 3534: 3458: 3446: 3430: 3410: 3390: 3329: 3140: 3128: 3100: 3052: 3033: 3021: 2981: 2961: 2826: 2807: 2795: 2767: 2763: 2744: 2732: 2717: 2713: 2701: 2697: 2685: 2669: 2653: 2641: 2501: 2446: 1963: 833:, inherited the castle in 1381, but King 647:(right), in front of the North-West Tower 436:spread across seven counties, with 91 in 373:), bought the castle outright in 1811. A 5473: 5435: 5214: 4889: 4769: 4625: 4609: 4578: 3990: 3954: 3942: 3930: 3918: 3830: 3765: 3221: 2438: 2398: 2378: 1979: 1638: 1538: 1501: 1429: 1346: 1290: 1204: 1173:18th-century depiction of the castle by 1168: 1052: 971: 849: 634: 501: 398: 5539:Ludlow Castle official information site 5264: 5132: 5090: 5071: 5052: 5019:. London, UK: Bristol Classical Press. 4995: 4701: 4689: 4677: 4518: 4506: 4490: 4478: 4466: 4442: 4430: 3394: 3378: 3300: 3288: 3248: 3236: 3188: 3160: 3148: 3116: 3080: 3068: 3064: 3037: 2997: 2977: 2965: 2945: 2917: 2870: 2850: 2838: 2811: 2783: 2779: 2748: 2673: 2657: 2629: 2614: 2597: 2576: 2564: 2552: 2537: 2525: 2513: 2489: 2473: 2461: 2422: 2394: 2374: 2161: 1959: 1922: 1067:, first performed at the castle in 1634 5559:Grade I listed buildings in Shropshire 5546: 5283: 5219:. Macclesfield, UK: Windgather Press. 5195: 5176: 4938: 4139:"Historic residence returns to castle" 3621: 3605: 3530: 3514: 3494: 3482: 3470: 3426: 3406: 3370: 3350: 3323: 3304: 3284: 3272: 3260: 3232: 3215: 3203: 3184: 3172: 3112: 2949: 2921: 2854: 2434: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2240: 2238: 2225: 2223: 2202: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2005: 2003: 1975: 1926: 1894: 1735:Grade I listed buildings in Shropshire 1611:to fit into the space provided by the 994:, daughter of Catherine of Aragon and 415:Ludlow Castle was probably founded by 289:, and the castle played a part in the 16:Medieval castle in Shropshire, England 5492: 5454: 5284:Pounds, Norman John Greville (1994). 5233: 4918: 4825: 4813: 4299: 4287: 4271: 4159: 4129: 4002: 3978: 3966: 3903: 3887: 3871: 3839: 3820: 3808: 3792: 3737: 3729: 3705: 3701: 3677: 3653: 3637: 3590: 3574: 3434: 3414: 3358: 3338: 3308: 3144: 3009: 2933: 2858: 2256: 1990: 1988: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1702:...the interior, with arcaded bays... 1413:During the 1970s and early 1980s the 1295:The inner bailey and visitors in 1852 1236:, maintained the lease and his wife, 261:. The castle was probably founded by 74: 5604:Historic house museums in Shropshire 5340: 5321: 5236:Ludlow Castle: A History and a Guide 5151: 4901: 4881: 4869: 4853: 4849: 4837: 4809: 4797: 4793: 4781: 4757: 4741: 4729: 4717: 4713: 4665: 4653: 4637: 4621: 4605: 4590: 4566: 4554: 4530: 4502: 4454: 4418: 4406: 4394: 4382: 4354: 4342: 4314: 4283: 4267: 4214: 4198: 4174: 4010:, Shropshire Tourism, archived from 3749: 3733: 3725: 3709: 3625: 3510: 3498: 3374: 3354: 2390: 2125: 2069: 1955: 1918: 1906: 1845: 1730:Castles in Great Britain and Ireland 1108:stripped it of its judicial powers. 1096:was performed in the Great Hall for 1016:, influenced by her royal favourite 874:. Roger Mortimer's younger brother, 427:of England. FitzOsbern was made the 159:and the Trustees of the Powis Estate 2339: 2286: 2235: 2220: 2167: 2000: 13: 5589:Buildings and structures in Ludlow 4222:, English Heritage, archived from 4049:, English Heritage, archived from 1985: 1934:, English Heritage, archived from 1855: 407:, the castle was built on a rocky 14: 5620: 5584:Tourist attractions in Shropshire 5579:Scheduled monuments in Shropshire 5532: 1306:for up to 4,000 inmates from the 56:Ludlow Castle from the south-east 4895: 4875: 4863: 4843: 4831: 4819: 4803: 4787: 4775: 4763: 4751: 4735: 4723: 4707: 4695: 4683: 4671: 4659: 4647: 4631: 4615: 4584: 4572: 4560: 4548: 4536: 4524: 4512: 4496: 4484: 4472: 4460: 4448: 4436: 4424: 4412: 4400: 4388: 4376: 4364: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4293: 4277: 4261: 4249: 4237: 4208: 4192: 4153: 4123: 4111: 4064: 4039: 4026:"Ludlow Food and Drink Festival" 3996: 3984: 3972: 3960: 3948: 3936: 3924: 3893: 3877: 3861: 3849: 3814: 3802: 3786: 3755: 3743: 3719: 3695: 3683: 3671: 3659: 3647: 3631: 3615: 3580: 3564: 3552: 3540: 3524: 3504: 3488: 3476: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3420: 3400: 3384: 3364: 3344: 3294: 3278: 3266: 3254: 2896:, MeasuringWorth, archived from 1809: 1799: 1790: 1707: 1695: 1683: 1671: 1339:by the local volunteer militia. 813:was permitted to retain Ludlow. 741: 732: 605:Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland 334:. Ludlow Castle was held by the 319:Council of Wales and the Marches 73: 66: 50: 4911: 3242: 3209: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3134: 3122: 3106: 3094: 3074: 3058: 3027: 3015: 3003: 2991: 2971: 2955: 2939: 2927: 2911: 2864: 2844: 2832: 2801: 2789: 2773: 2738: 2707: 2691: 2679: 2663: 2647: 2635: 2591: 2582: 2570: 2558: 2531: 2519: 2507: 2495: 2479: 2467: 2428: 2416: 2404: 2384: 2368: 2356: 2327: 2315: 2303: 2274: 2262: 2250: 2208: 2184: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2119: 2103: 2091: 2079: 2063: 2051: 2039: 2027: 2015: 1780: 1770: 1534: 1497: 1460: 1425: 1342: 1286: 1164: 1048: 967: 954:Council in the Marches of Wales 845: 770:and, after being imprisoned by 723: 630: 548:, Roger de Lacy's son. By now, 497: 394: 1969: 1949: 1912: 1900: 1884: 1872: 1839: 1587:. Originally the chapel had a 1331:meetings, sporting events and 369:(by the third creation of the 1: 1832: 1415:Department of the Environment 5152:Hope, W. H. St John (1909). 1585:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 1234:George Herbert, the 2nd Earl 384:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 7: 4331:Remfry & Halliwell 2000 4319:Remfry & Halliwell 2000 3089:Remfry & Halliwell 2000 1723: 479:. It had four towers and a 361:, leased the property from 10: 5625: 5015:Creighton, Oliver (2012). 1740:List of castles in England 662:met with the Welsh prince 389: 285:, who rebuilt part of the 18: 5215:Liddiard, Robert (2005). 5170:10.1017/s0261340900009504 4624:, pp. 276, 277–279; 2411:Renn & Shoesmith 2000 2150:Renn & Shoesmith 2000 2138:Renn & Shoesmith 2000 1665:Early 12th century chapel 1490:features carved from red 948:, and his brother Prince 367:Edward, 1st Earl of Powis 249:in the English county of 218: 204: 194: 186: 181: 173: 163: 151: 146: 129: 92: 61: 49: 35: 30: 4371:Curnow & Kenyon 2000 4359:Curnow & Kenyon 2000 3085:Curnow & Kenyon 2000 1750: 1135:During the years of the 1030:late-perpendicular style 926:Battle of Ludford Bridge 679:Walter's granddaughters 559:between Stephen and the 456:, on a strong defensive 359:Henry, 1st Earl of Powis 4928:Archaeologia Cambrensis 4680:, pp. 155, 163–166 4493:, pp. 145–146, 151 4481:, pp. 147, 149–150 4421:, pp. 268–269, 271 4361:, pp. 196, 199–200 4345:, pp. 263, 265–266 600:which he later joined. 5564:Grade I listed castles 5238:. Welshpool, UK: WPG. 5154:"The Castle of Ludlow" 5091:Goodall, John (2011). 3533:, pp. 95–96, 98; 1644: 1547: 1507: 1435: 1352: 1296: 1210: 1178: 1068: 977: 916:broke out between the 859: 774:, he escaped from the 648: 603:Hugh took part in the 515: 412: 309:. When Richard's son, 5569:History of Shropshire 5554:Castles in Shropshire 5234:Lloyd, David (n.d.). 4941:The Elizabethan World 4608:, pp. 276, 279; 2486:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2363:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2351:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2334:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2322:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2310:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2298:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2281:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2269:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2245:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2230:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2215:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2191:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2179:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2114:Coplestone-Crow 2000b 2110:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 2098:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 2086:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 2074:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 2058:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 2046:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 2034:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 2022:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 2010:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 1995:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 1891:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 1879:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 1867:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 1850:Coplestone-Crow 2000a 1642: 1542: 1505: 1433: 1388:Sir Alexander Stephen 1350: 1294: 1208: 1172: 1056: 975: 853: 825:. Roger's young son, 686:Geoffrey de Geneville 638: 619:'s rebellion against 505: 423:household during the 403:Seen here across the 402: 305:authority during the 283:Geoffrey de Geneville 247:town of the same name 5256:: CS1 maint: year ( 4716:, pp. 298–299; 4640:, pp. 277–279; 4505:, pp. 271–272; 4317:, pp. 263–264; 4286:, pp. 261–262; 4028:, The Ludlow Website 3589:, pp. 108–111; 2441:, pp. 170–171; 1958:, pp. 125–126; 1921:, pp. 125–126; 1304:prisoner-of-war camp 1126:Sir William Brereton 778:in 1323 into exile. 664:Llywelyn ab Iorwerth 421:William fitzOsbern's 21:Ludlow Castle, Delhi 5609:Catherine of Aragon 5574:Ruins in Shropshire 4533:, pp. 295, 297 4397:, pp. 259, 267 4246:, pp. 213, 227 3957:, pp. 119, 122 3921:, pp. 117, 120 1603:bays in the walls. 1453:and a Grade I 1102:Earl of Bridgewater 1000:legislation in 1534 982:Catherine of Aragon 880:Battle of Bryn Glas 872:Sir Thomas Beaufort 355:Restoration of 1660 110: / 5095:The English Castle 4888:, pp. 82–83; 4784:, pp. 299–301 4760:, pp. 128–129 4692:, pp. 164–166 4656:, pp. 281–283 4644:, pp. 180–181 4569:, pp. 288–289 4445:, pp. 187–180 4321:, pp. 202–204 4226:on 26 January 2014 4100:, Heritage Gateway 4086:on 1 November 2014 4053:on 26 January 2014 4014:on 30 January 2020 3945:, pp. 117–118 3823:, pp. 10–11; 3692:, pp. 114–115 3624:, pp. 96–98; 3608:, pp. 96–97; 3461:, pp. 107–108 3429:, pp. 90–91; 3409:, pp. 90–91; 3303:, pp. 81–82; 3187:, pp. 84–85; 3103:, pp. 103–104 3091:, pp. 203–204 2952:, pp. 256–257 2853:, pp. 69–70; 2798:, pp. 101–102 2140:, pp. 191–194 1938:on 26 January 2014 1848:, pp. 55–58; 1690:...the entrance... 1645: 1548: 1508: 1451:scheduled monument 1436: 1356:W. H. St John Hope 1353: 1333:agricultural shows 1297: 1211: 1179: 1069: 1057:The title page of 978: 938:Earl of Shrewsbury 860: 823:Hundred Years' War 697:Second Barons' War 688:, a friend of the 649: 526:, marrying her to 516: 413: 291:Second Barons' War 227:Second Barons' War 114:52.3672°N 2.7230°W 5594:History of Ludlow 5295:978-0-521-45828-3 5106:978-0-300-11058-6 5026:978-1-78093-031-2 4950:978-1-317-56579-6 4008:"Ludlow Festival" 3485:, pp. 91, 93 2900:on 26 August 2014 1482:rubble, with the 1113:English Civil War 1106:Act of Parliament 1079:in the castle by 914:Wars of the Roses 701:Simon de Montfort 653:William de Braose 573:Henry of Scotland 340:English Civil War 307:Wars of the Roses 240: 239: 235:English Civil War 231:Wars of the Roses 5616: 5527: 5508: 5489: 5470: 5451: 5432: 5413: 5394: 5375: 5356: 5337: 5318: 5299: 5280: 5261: 5255: 5247: 5230: 5211: 5192: 5173: 5148: 5129: 5110: 5098: 5087: 5068: 5049: 5030: 5011: 4992: 4973: 4954: 4935: 4905: 4899: 4893: 4892:, pp. 31–32 4879: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4817: 4807: 4801: 4791: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4739: 4733: 4727: 4721: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4635: 4629: 4619: 4613: 4603: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4522: 4516: 4510: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4312: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4281: 4275: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4212: 4206: 4196: 4190: 4189:, pp. 15–16 4184: 4178: 4172: 4163: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4141:. BBC News. 2003 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4082:, archived from 4080:English Heritage 4068: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3907: 3897: 3891: 3881: 3875: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3837: 3828: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3769: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3723: 3717: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3635: 3629: 3619: 3613: 3603: 3594: 3584: 3578: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3528: 3522: 3508: 3502: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3424: 3418: 3404: 3398: 3388: 3382: 3368: 3362: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3327: 3321: 3312: 3298: 3292: 3282: 3276: 3275:, pp. 89–90 3270: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3230: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3192: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3078: 3072: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3041: 3031: 3025: 3019: 3013: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2975: 2969: 2959: 2953: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2889: 2874: 2868: 2862: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2815: 2814:, pp. 69–70 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2777: 2771: 2761: 2752: 2742: 2736: 2735:, pp. 64–65 2730: 2721: 2711: 2705: 2695: 2689: 2688:, pp. 59–60 2683: 2677: 2667: 2661: 2651: 2645: 2644:, pp. 57–58 2639: 2633: 2627: 2618: 2612: 2601: 2600:, pp. 53–54 2595: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2567:, pp. 51–52 2562: 2556: 2555:, pp. 50–51 2550: 2541: 2540:, pp. 48–49 2535: 2529: 2528:, pp. 48–54 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2483: 2477: 2476:, pp. 47–48 2471: 2465: 2459: 2450: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2402: 2388: 2382: 2372: 2366: 2365:, pp. 43–44 2360: 2354: 2348: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2312:, pp. 40–42 2307: 2301: 2295: 2284: 2283:, pp. 38–39 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2233: 2227: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2193:, pp. 35–36 2188: 2182: 2176: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2088:, pp. 30–33 2083: 2077: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2048:, pp. 26–27 2043: 2037: 2031: 2025: 2024:, pp. 25–26 2019: 2013: 2007: 1998: 1992: 1983: 1982:, pp. 21–22 1973: 1967: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1945: 1943: 1916: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1888: 1882: 1881:, pp. 21–22 1876: 1870: 1864: 1853: 1843: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1803: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1764: 1711: 1699: 1687: 1675: 1561:spiral staircase 1420:English Heritage 1396:Second World War 1368:ancient monument 1360:Harold Brakspear 1337:ammunition store 1324:Arthur Blomfield 1121:Bringewood Forge 1020:, appointed Sir 797:, honouring the 745: 736: 542:Robert fitzMiles 429:Earl of Hereford 371:Earldom of Powis 257:overlooking the 253:, standing on a 147:Site information 142: 125: 124: 122: 121: 120: 119:52.3672; -2.7230 115: 111: 108: 107: 106: 103: 77: 76: 70: 54: 45: 28: 27: 5624: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5544: 5543: 5535: 5530: 5524: 5505: 5486: 5467: 5448: 5429: 5410: 5391: 5372: 5353: 5334: 5315: 5296: 5277: 5249: 5248: 5227: 5208: 5189: 5145: 5126: 5107: 5084: 5065: 5046: 5027: 5008: 4989: 4970: 4951: 4924:"Ludlow Castle" 4914: 4909: 4908: 4900: 4896: 4884:, p. 136; 4880: 4876: 4868: 4864: 4856:, p. 136; 4852:, p. 305; 4848: 4844: 4836: 4832: 4824: 4820: 4812:, p. 133; 4808: 4804: 4796:, p. 306; 4792: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4746:Shoesmith 2000b 4744:, p. 127; 4740: 4736: 4728: 4724: 4712: 4708: 4700: 4696: 4688: 4684: 4676: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4642:Shoesmith 2000b 4636: 4632: 4620: 4616: 4604: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4565: 4561: 4553: 4549: 4543:Shoesmith 2000b 4541: 4537: 4529: 4525: 4517: 4513: 4501: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4477: 4473: 4465: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4381: 4377: 4369: 4365: 4357:, p. 266; 4353: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4329: 4325: 4313: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4282: 4278: 4270:, p. 262; 4266: 4262: 4256:Shoesmith 2000c 4254: 4250: 4244:Shoesmith 2000c 4242: 4238: 4229: 4227: 4218: 4217:, p. 126; 4213: 4209: 4203:Shoesmith 2000a 4201:, p. 135; 4197: 4193: 4187:Shoesmith 2000a 4185: 4181: 4173: 4166: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4137: 4136:, p. 226; 4134:Shoesmith 2000c 4128: 4124: 4118:Shoesmith 2000c 4116: 4112: 4103: 4101: 4098:"Ludlow Castle" 4096: 4089: 4087: 4072:"Ludlow Castle" 4070: 4069: 4065: 4056: 4054: 4045: 4044: 4040: 4031: 4029: 4024: 4017: 4015: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3910: 3902:, p. 226; 3900:Shoesmith 2000c 3898: 3894: 3886:, p. 225; 3884:Shoesmith 2000c 3882: 3878: 3870:, p. 225; 3868:Shoesmith 2000c 3866: 3862: 3856:Shoesmith 2000c 3854: 3850: 3844:Shoesmith 2000c 3838: 3831: 3825:Shoesmith 2000c 3819: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3772: 3764:, p. 115; 3760: 3756: 3748: 3744: 3736:, p. 129; 3732:, p. 139; 3728:, p. 257; 3724: 3720: 3712:, p. 263; 3708:, p. 212; 3700: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3676: 3672: 3666:Shoesmith 2000c 3664: 3660: 3652: 3648: 3642:Shoesmith 2000c 3636: 3632: 3620: 3616: 3604: 3597: 3585: 3581: 3573:, p. 105; 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3529: 3525: 3519:Shoesmith 2000c 3513:, p. 258; 3509: 3505: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3433:, p. 107; 3425: 3421: 3413:, p. 107; 3405: 3401: 3393:, p. 113; 3389: 3385: 3377:, p. 269; 3369: 3365: 3357:, p. 269; 3349: 3345: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3315: 3299: 3295: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3255: 3247: 3243: 3231: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3195: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3155: 3143:, p. 105; 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3087:, p. 195; 3079: 3075: 3063: 3059: 3051: 3044: 3036:, p. 103; 3032: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2996: 2992: 2986:Shoesmith 2000b 2984:, p. 103; 2976: 2972: 2964:, p. 103; 2960: 2956: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2928: 2916: 2912: 2903: 2901: 2890: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2857:, p. 138; 2849: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2818: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2778: 2774: 2762: 2755: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2724: 2716:, p. 101; 2712: 2708: 2696: 2692: 2684: 2680: 2668: 2664: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2621: 2613: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2563: 2559: 2551: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2524: 2520: 2512: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2460: 2453: 2445:, p. 175; 2443:Shoesmith 2000b 2437:, p. 190; 2433: 2429: 2421: 2417: 2409: 2405: 2397:, p. 166; 2393:, p. 276; 2389: 2385: 2377:, p. 166; 2373: 2369: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2304: 2296: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2243: 2236: 2228: 2221: 2213: 2209: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2185: 2177: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2068: 2064: 2056: 2052: 2044: 2040: 2032: 2028: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2001: 1993: 1986: 1974: 1970: 1954: 1950: 1941: 1939: 1930: 1917: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1889: 1885: 1877: 1873: 1865: 1856: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1771: 1765: 1758: 1753: 1726: 1719: 1712: 1703: 1700: 1691: 1688: 1679: 1676: 1667: 1615:, divided by a 1545: 1537: 1500: 1463: 1455:listed building 1444:Ludlow Festival 1428: 1407:Royal Air Force 1376:Office of Works 1345: 1308:Napoleonic Wars 1289: 1281:William Marlowe 1273:Julius Ibbetson 1261:J. M. W. Turner 1167: 1159:Earl of Carbery 1155:Richard Vaughan 1077:Prince of Wales 1051: 970: 848: 776:Tower of London 755: 754: 753: 752: 748: 747: 746: 738: 737: 726: 633: 561:Empress Matilda 546:Gilbert de Lacy 500: 425:Norman Conquest 397: 392: 344:Parliamentarian 267:Norman Conquest 166:the public 165: 138: 118: 116: 112: 109: 104: 101: 99: 97: 96: 88: 87: 86: 85: 84: 83: 82: 78: 57: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5622: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5599:De Lacy family 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5542: 5541: 5534: 5533:External links 5531: 5529: 5528: 5522: 5509: 5503: 5490: 5484: 5471: 5465: 5452: 5446: 5433: 5427: 5414: 5408: 5395: 5389: 5376: 5370: 5357: 5351: 5338: 5332: 5319: 5313: 5300: 5294: 5281: 5275: 5262: 5231: 5225: 5212: 5206: 5193: 5187: 5174: 5149: 5143: 5130: 5124: 5111: 5105: 5088: 5082: 5069: 5063: 5050: 5044: 5031: 5025: 5012: 5006: 4993: 4987: 4974: 4968: 4955: 4949: 4936: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4894: 4886:Creighton 2012 4874: 4862: 4858:Creighton 2012 4842: 4830: 4828:, pp. 140 4818: 4802: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4734: 4722: 4706: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4630: 4614: 4595: 4583: 4571: 4559: 4547: 4535: 4523: 4511: 4495: 4483: 4471: 4459: 4447: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4399: 4387: 4375: 4363: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4304: 4292: 4276: 4260: 4248: 4236: 4207: 4191: 4179: 4164: 4152: 4132:, p. 11; 4122: 4110: 4063: 4038: 4005:, p. 17; 3995: 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3935: 3923: 3908: 3892: 3876: 3860: 3848: 3842:, p. 11; 3829: 3813: 3801: 3797:Whitehead 2000 3795:, p. 19; 3785: 3781:Whitehead 2000 3770: 3762:Whitehead 2000 3754: 3742: 3718: 3714:Whitehead 2000 3704:, p. 18; 3694: 3690:Whitehead 2000 3682: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3640:, p. 10; 3630: 3614: 3610:Whitehead 2000 3595: 3587:Whitehead 2000 3579: 3571:Whitehead 2000 3563: 3559:Whitehead 2000 3551: 3549:, pp. 112 3547:Whitehead 2000 3539: 3535:Whitehead 2000 3523: 3517:, p. 95; 3503: 3497:, p. 95; 3487: 3475: 3463: 3459:Whitehead 2000 3451: 3447:Whitehead 2000 3439: 3431:Whitehead 2000 3419: 3411:Whitehead 2000 3399: 3391:Whitehead 2000 3383: 3373:, p. 90; 3363: 3353:, p. 90; 3343: 3328: 3313: 3307:, p. 90; 3293: 3287:, p. 88; 3277: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3235:, p. 88; 3220: 3208: 3193: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3147:, p. 17; 3141:Whitehead 2000 3133: 3129:Whitehead 2000 3121: 3115:, p. 89; 3105: 3101:Whitehead 2000 3093: 3083:, p. 77; 3073: 3067:, p. 77; 3057: 3053:Whitehead 2000 3042: 3034:Whitehead 2000 3026: 3022:Whitehead 2000 3014: 3002: 2990: 2982:Whitehead 2000 2980:, p. 70; 2970: 2962:Whitehead 2000 2954: 2948:, p. 77; 2938: 2926: 2920:, p. 71; 2910: 2875: 2863: 2843: 2831: 2827:Whitehead 2000 2816: 2810:, p. 67; 2808:Griffiths 2000 2800: 2796:Whitehead 2000 2788: 2782:, p. 69; 2772: 2768:Whitehead 2000 2766:, p. 67; 2764:Griffiths 2000 2753: 2747:, p. 65; 2745:Griffiths 2000 2737: 2733:Griffiths 2000 2722: 2718:Griffiths 2000 2714:Whitehead 2000 2706: 2702:Whitehead 2000 2700:, p. 67; 2698:Griffiths 2000 2690: 2686:Griffiths 2000 2678: 2672:, p. 57; 2670:Griffiths 2000 2662: 2656:, p. 59; 2654:Griffiths 2000 2646: 2642:Griffiths 2000 2634: 2619: 2602: 2590: 2581: 2569: 2557: 2542: 2530: 2518: 2506: 2502:Whitehead 2000 2494: 2488:, p. 44; 2478: 2466: 2451: 2447:Whitehead 2000 2427: 2415: 2403: 2383: 2367: 2355: 2338: 2326: 2314: 2302: 2285: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2234: 2219: 2207: 2195: 2183: 2166: 2154: 2142: 2130: 2118: 2112:, p. 34; 2102: 2090: 2078: 2072:, p. 55; 2062: 2050: 2038: 2026: 2014: 1999: 1984: 1978:, p. 11; 1968: 1964:Creighton 2012 1962:, p. 79; 1948: 1929:, p. 11; 1925:, p. 79; 1911: 1899: 1893:, p. 22; 1883: 1871: 1854: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1818: 1808: 1798: 1789: 1779: 1769: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1714:...and carved 1713: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1536: 1533: 1499: 1496: 1462: 1459: 1427: 1424: 1418:taken over by 1364:George Herbert 1344: 1341: 1288: 1285: 1166: 1163: 1050: 1047: 969: 966: 920:and Richard's 884:Harlech Castle 847: 844: 763:Roger Mortimer 750: 749: 740: 739: 731: 730: 729: 728: 727: 725: 722: 660:Henry III 658:In 1223, King 632: 629: 499: 496: 417:Walter de Lacy 396: 393: 391: 388: 295:Roger Mortimer 263:Walter de Lacy 238: 237: 220: 216: 215: 206: 202: 201: 199:Walter de Lacy 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 179: 178: 175: 171: 170: 167: 161: 160: 153: 149: 148: 144: 143: 136:grid reference 133: 131:Grid reference 127: 126: 94: 90: 89: 80: 79: 72: 71: 65: 64: 63: 62: 59: 58: 55: 47: 46: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5621: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5525: 5523:1-873827-51-2 5519: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5504:1-873827-51-2 5500: 5496: 5491: 5487: 5485:1-873827-51-2 5481: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5466:1-873827-51-2 5462: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5447:1-873827-51-2 5443: 5439: 5434: 5430: 5428:1-873827-51-2 5424: 5420: 5415: 5411: 5409:1-873827-51-2 5405: 5401: 5396: 5392: 5390:1-873827-51-2 5386: 5382: 5377: 5373: 5371:1-873827-51-2 5367: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5352:1-873827-51-2 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5333:0-7083-0948-8 5329: 5325: 5320: 5316: 5314:1-873827-51-2 5310: 5306: 5301: 5297: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5276:1-873827-51-2 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5232: 5228: 5226:0-9545575-2-2 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5207:1-873827-51-2 5203: 5199: 5194: 5190: 5188:1-873827-51-2 5184: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5146: 5144:1-873827-51-2 5140: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5125:1-873827-51-2 5121: 5117: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5097: 5096: 5089: 5085: 5083:1-873827-51-2 5079: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5064:1-873827-51-2 5060: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5045:1-873827-51-2 5041: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5009: 5007:1-873827-51-2 5003: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4988:1-873827-51-2 4984: 4980: 4975: 4971: 4969:1-873827-51-2 4965: 4961: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4904:, p. 310 4903: 4898: 4891: 4890:Liddiard 2005 4887: 4883: 4878: 4872:, p. 130 4871: 4866: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4840:, p. 138 4839: 4834: 4827: 4822: 4816:, p. 140 4815: 4811: 4806: 4800:, p. 133 4799: 4795: 4790: 4783: 4778: 4772:, p. 129 4771: 4770:Liddiard 2005 4766: 4759: 4754: 4748:, p. 180 4747: 4743: 4738: 4732:, p. 127 4731: 4726: 4720:, p. 127 4719: 4715: 4710: 4703: 4698: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4674: 4668:, p. 286 4667: 4662: 4655: 4650: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4628:, p. 167 4627: 4626:Thompson 2000 4623: 4618: 4612:, p. 167 4611: 4610:Thompson 2000 4607: 4602: 4600: 4593:, p. 294 4592: 4587: 4581:, p. 172 4580: 4579:Thompson 2000 4575: 4568: 4563: 4557:, p. 288 4556: 4551: 4545:, p. 175 4544: 4539: 4532: 4527: 4521:, p. 148 4520: 4515: 4509:, p. 145 4508: 4504: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4469:, p. 145 4468: 4463: 4457:, p. 271 4456: 4451: 4444: 4439: 4433:, p. 187 4432: 4427: 4420: 4415: 4409:, p. 301 4408: 4403: 4396: 4391: 4385:, p. 267 4384: 4379: 4373:, p. 198 4372: 4367: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4344: 4339: 4333:, p. 201 4332: 4327: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4309: 4302:, p. 208 4301: 4296: 4290:, p. 206 4289: 4285: 4280: 4274:, p. 206 4273: 4269: 4264: 4258:, p. 213 4257: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4188: 4183: 4177:, p. 258 4176: 4171: 4169: 4162:, p. 166 4161: 4156: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4120:, p. 226 4119: 4114: 4099: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4027: 4013: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3993:, p. 122 3992: 3991:Streeten 2000 3987: 3980: 3975: 3969:, p. 205 3968: 3963: 3956: 3955:Streeten 2000 3951: 3944: 3943:Streeten 2000 3939: 3933:, p. 117 3932: 3931:Streeten 2000 3927: 3920: 3919:Streeten 2000 3915: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3858:, p. 225 3857: 3852: 3846:, p. 222 3845: 3841: 3836: 3834: 3827:, p. 220 3826: 3822: 3817: 3810: 3805: 3799:, p. 116 3798: 3794: 3789: 3783:, p. 115 3782: 3777: 3775: 3768:, p. 117 3767: 3766:Streeten 2000 3763: 3758: 3752:, p. 257 3751: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3716:, p. 115 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3691: 3686: 3680:, p. 165 3679: 3674: 3668:, p. 218 3667: 3662: 3655: 3650: 3644:, p. 216 3643: 3639: 3634: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3612:, p. 112 3611: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3561:, p. 108 3560: 3555: 3548: 3543: 3537:, p. 115 3536: 3532: 3527: 3521:, p. 216 3520: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3479: 3472: 3467: 3460: 3455: 3449:, p. 107 3448: 3443: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3397:, p. 145 3396: 3392: 3387: 3381:, p. 145 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3340: 3335: 3333: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3274: 3269: 3262: 3257: 3250: 3245: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3131:, p. 105 3130: 3125: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3071:, p. 453 3070: 3066: 3061: 3055:, p. 103 3054: 3049: 3047: 3040:, p. 453 3039: 3035: 3030: 3024:, p. 106 3023: 3018: 3012:, p. 209 3011: 3006: 2999: 2994: 2988:, p. 181 2987: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2935: 2930: 2924:, p. 138 2923: 2919: 2914: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2873:, p. 427 2872: 2867: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2840: 2835: 2829:, p. 102 2828: 2823: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2804: 2797: 2792: 2786:, p. 383 2785: 2781: 2776: 2770:, p. 102 2769: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2704:, p. 101 2703: 2699: 2694: 2687: 2682: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2626: 2624: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2599: 2594: 2585: 2578: 2573: 2566: 2561: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2539: 2534: 2527: 2522: 2515: 2510: 2504:, p. 100 2503: 2498: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2475: 2470: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2449:, p. 100 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439:Thompson 2000 2436: 2431: 2424: 2419: 2413:, p. 194 2412: 2407: 2401:, p. 170 2400: 2399:Thompson 2000 2396: 2392: 2387: 2381:, p. 170 2380: 2379:Thompson 2000 2376: 2371: 2364: 2359: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2335: 2330: 2323: 2318: 2311: 2306: 2299: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2282: 2277: 2270: 2265: 2259:, p. 140 2258: 2253: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2216: 2211: 2205:, p. 147 2204: 2199: 2192: 2187: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2164:, p. 150 2163: 2158: 2152:, p. 191 2151: 2146: 2139: 2134: 2128:, p. 133 2127: 2122: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2087: 2082: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2059: 2054: 2047: 2042: 2035: 2030: 2023: 2018: 2011: 2006: 2004: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1981: 1980:Liddiard 2005 1977: 1972: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1908: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1852:, pp. 21 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1822: 1812: 1802: 1793: 1783: 1773: 1763: 1761: 1756: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1717: 1710: 1705: 1698: 1693: 1686: 1681: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:Castle Rising 1570: 1565: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1541: 1532: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1516: 1512: 1504: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1432: 1423: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1392:billiard room 1389: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1293: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1277:Peter de Wint 1274: 1270: 1269:Thomas Hearne 1266: 1265:Francis Towne 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245:Thomas Warton 1241: 1239: 1235: 1232:Henry's son, 1230: 1228: 1224: 1223:Earl of Powis 1220: 1219:Henry Herbert 1216: 1207: 1203: 1201: 1200:bowling green 1195: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1183:William Gower 1176: 1171: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1075:was declared 1074: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1034:coats of arms 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018:Robert Dudley 1015: 1011: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 987: 986:William Smyth 983: 974: 965: 963: 962:Prince Arthur 959: 955: 951: 947: 941: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 910: 908: 904: 900: 895: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 868:Owain Glyndŵr 865: 857: 852: 843: 841: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 814: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 787:Earl of March 784: 779: 777: 773: 769: 768:Despenser War 764: 760: 744: 735: 721: 719: 715: 711: 707: 702: 698: 693: 691: 690:Prince Edward 687: 682: 677: 675: 670: 665: 661: 656: 654: 646: 642: 639:13th-century 637: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 609:Henry II 606: 601: 599: 598:Templar order 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 574: 570: 569:Joce de Dinan 566: 565:Welsh Marches 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 543: 539: 538:knight's fees 535: 534: 529: 528:Pain fitzJohn 525: 521: 513: 509: 504: 495: 493: 489: 488: 482: 478: 474: 470: 467:The castle's 465: 463: 462:Roger de Lacy 459: 455: 450: 446: 441: 439: 438:Herefordshire 435: 430: 426: 422: 418: 410: 406: 401: 387: 385: 379: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 243:Ludlow Castle 236: 232: 228: 224: 221: 217: 214: 210: 207: 203: 200: 197: 195:Built by 193: 189: 185: 180: 176: 172: 168: 162: 158: 157:Earl of Powis 154: 150: 145: 141: 137: 134: 132: 128: 123: 95: 91: 81:Ludlow Castle 69: 60: 53: 48: 43: 39: 34: 31:Ludlow Castle 29: 26: 22: 5513: 5494: 5475: 5456: 5437: 5418: 5399: 5380: 5361: 5342: 5323: 5304: 5285: 5266: 5235: 5216: 5197: 5178: 5161: 5158:Archaeologia 5157: 5134: 5115: 5094: 5073: 5054: 5035: 5016: 4997: 4978: 4959: 4940: 4931: 4927: 4920:Clark, G. T. 4912:Bibliography 4897: 4877: 4865: 4860:, p. 83 4845: 4833: 4821: 4805: 4789: 4777: 4765: 4753: 4737: 4725: 4709: 4704:, p. 79 4702:Goodall 2011 4697: 4690:Morriss 2000 4685: 4678:Morriss 2000 4673: 4661: 4649: 4633: 4617: 4586: 4574: 4562: 4550: 4538: 4526: 4519:Coppack 2000 4514: 4507:Coppack 2000 4498: 4491:Coppack 2000 4486: 4479:Coppack 2000 4474: 4467:Coppack 2000 4462: 4450: 4443:Fleming 2000 4438: 4431:Fleming 2000 4426: 4414: 4402: 4390: 4378: 4366: 4350: 4338: 4326: 4295: 4279: 4263: 4251: 4239: 4228:, retrieved 4224:the original 4220:"List Entry" 4210: 4205:, p. 16 4194: 4182: 4155: 4143:. Retrieved 4125: 4113: 4102:, retrieved 4088:, retrieved 4084:the original 4075: 4066: 4055:, retrieved 4051:the original 4047:"List Entry" 4041: 4030:, retrieved 4016:, retrieved 4012:the original 3998: 3986: 3981:, p. 20 3974: 3962: 3950: 3938: 3926: 3906:, p. 11 3895: 3890:, p. 11 3879: 3874:, p. 18 3863: 3851: 3816: 3811:, p. 17 3804: 3788: 3757: 3745: 3740:, p. 21 3721: 3697: 3685: 3673: 3661: 3656:, p. 10 3649: 3633: 3628:, p. 55 3617: 3593:, p. 19 3582: 3577:, p. 17 3566: 3554: 3542: 3526: 3506: 3501:, p. 55 3490: 3478: 3473:, p. 91 3466: 3454: 3442: 3437:, p. 10 3422: 3417:, p. 18 3402: 3395:Coppack 2000 3386: 3379:Coppack 2000 3366: 3361:, p. 19 3346: 3341:, p. 19 3326:, p. 90 3311:, p. 15 3301:Faraday 2000 3296: 3291:, p. 81 3289:Faraday 2000 3280: 3268: 3263:, p. 89 3256: 3251:, p. 80 3249:Faraday 2000 3244: 3239:, p. 80 3237:Faraday 2000 3218:, p. 88 3211: 3206:, p. 87 3191:, p. 80 3189:Faraday 2000 3180: 3175:, p. 83 3168: 3163:, p. 79 3161:Faraday 2000 3156: 3151:, p. 76 3149:Faraday 2000 3136: 3124: 3119:, p. 76 3117:Faraday 2000 3108: 3096: 3081:Faraday 2000 3076: 3069:Goodall 2011 3065:Faraday 2000 3060: 3038:Goodall 2011 3029: 3017: 3005: 3000:, p. 76 2998:Faraday 2000 2993: 2978:Faraday 2000 2973: 2968:, p. 77 2966:Faraday 2000 2957: 2946:Faraday 2000 2941: 2936:, p. 15 2929: 2918:Faraday 2000 2913: 2902:, retrieved 2898:the original 2871:Goodall 2011 2866: 2851:Faraday 2000 2846: 2841:, p. 70 2839:Faraday 2000 2834: 2812:Faraday 2000 2803: 2791: 2784:Goodall 2011 2780:Faraday 2000 2775: 2751:, p. 69 2749:Faraday 2000 2740: 2720:, p. 60 2709: 2693: 2681: 2676:, p. 55 2674:Harding 2000 2665: 2660:, p. 55 2658:Harding 2000 2649: 2637: 2632:, p. 55 2630:Harding 2000 2617:, p. 54 2615:Harding 2000 2598:Harding 2000 2593: 2584: 2579:, p. 53 2577:Harding 2000 2572: 2565:Harding 2000 2560: 2553:Harding 2000 2538:Harding 2000 2533: 2526:Harding 2000 2521: 2516:, p. 48 2514:Harding 2000 2509: 2497: 2492:, p. 47 2490:Harding 2000 2481: 2474:Harding 2000 2469: 2464:, p. 46 2462:Harding 2000 2430: 2425:, p. 45 2423:Harding 2000 2418: 2406: 2395:Morriss 2000 2386: 2375:Morriss 2000 2370: 2358: 2353:, p. 43 2336:, p. 42 2329: 2324:, p. 41 2317: 2305: 2300:, p. 40 2276: 2271:, p. 39 2264: 2252: 2247:, p. 38 2232:, p. 37 2217:, p. 36 2210: 2198: 2186: 2181:, p. 35 2162:Coppack 2000 2157: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2116:, p. 35 2105: 2100:, p. 34 2093: 2081: 2076:, p. 28 2065: 2060:, p. 27 2053: 2041: 2036:, p. 26 2029: 2017: 2012:, p. 25 1997:, p. 22 1971: 1966:, p. 83 1960:Goodall 2011 1951: 1940:, retrieved 1936:the original 1932:"List Entry" 1923:Goodall 2011 1914: 1909:, p. 57 1902: 1897:, p. 69 1886: 1874: 1869:, p. 21 1841: 1821: 1811: 1801: 1792: 1782: 1772: 1659: 1655: 1646: 1634: 1630: 1625:corbel heads 1621: 1613:curtain wall 1605: 1566: 1553: 1549: 1535:Inner bailey 1525: 1521:curtain wall 1517: 1513: 1509: 1498:Outer bailey 1464: 1461:Architecture 1448: 1440:John Herbert 1437: 1426:21st century 1412: 1400: 1385: 1380: 1372: 1354: 1343:20th century 1319:George Clark 1316: 1312: 1298: 1287:19th century 1248: 1242: 1231: 1212: 1196: 1187:Daniel Defoe 1180: 1175:Samuel Scott 1165:18th century 1149: 1134: 1128:and Colonel 1110: 1098:John Egerton 1091: 1070: 1062: 1049:17th century 1022:Henry Sidney 1012: 1008: 990: 979: 968:16th century 942: 911: 903:Duke of York 896: 888: 861: 846:15th century 815: 780: 756: 724:14th century 694: 678: 657: 650: 631:13th century 602: 593:outer bailey 586: 582:Hugh de Lacy 554: 550:King Stephen 531: 517: 512:inner bailey 498:12th century 485: 473:inner bailey 466: 445:Stanton Lacy 442: 414: 395:11th century 380: 352: 329: 299:Duke of York 287:inner bailey 279:outer bailey 277:and a large 242: 241: 182:Site history 164:Open to 140:SO5086874594 25: 5164:: 257–328. 4230:26 November 4057:26 November 4032:26 November 4018:26 November 3622:Hughes 2000 3606:Hughes 2000 3531:Hughes 2000 3515:Hughes 2000 3495:Hughes 2000 3483:Hughes 2000 3471:Hughes 2000 3427:Hughes 2000 3407:Hughes 2000 3371:Hughes 2000 3351:Hughes 2000 3324:Hughes 2000 3305:Hughes 2000 3285:Knight 2000 3273:Hughes 2000 3261:Hughes 2000 3233:Knight 2000 3216:Knight 2000 3204:Knight 2000 3185:Knight 2000 3173:Knight 2000 3113:Hughes 2000 2950:Pounds 1994 2922:Cooper 2014 2861:, p. 3 2855:Cooper 2014 2435:Pounds 1994 2203:Pounds 1994 1976:Pounds 1994 1942:26 November 1927:Pounds 1994 1895:Pounds 1994 1716:corbel head 1591:, a square 1329:fox hunting 1253:picturesque 1141:Samuel More 1137:interregnum 1085:John Milton 1059:John Milton 1043:real tennis 1026:antiquarian 1014:Elizabeth I 1004:Rowland Lee 934:John Talbot 918:Lancastrian 866:, when the 799:saint's day 795:Saint Peter 714:Solar block 643:(left) and 641:Solar block 508:Great Tower 348:interregnum 338:during the 323:John Milton 275:Great Tower 223:The Anarchy 117: / 93:Coordinates 5548:Categories 4934:: 165–192. 4826:White 2000 4814:White 2000 4300:Stone 2000 4288:Stone 2000 4272:Stone 2000 4160:Clark 1877 4145:7 November 4130:Lloyd n.d. 4104:12 January 4090:11 January 4003:Lloyd n.d. 3979:Lloyd n.d. 3967:Stone 2000 3904:Lloyd n.d. 3888:Lloyd n.d. 3872:Lloyd n.d. 3840:Lloyd n.d. 3821:Lloyd n.d. 3809:Lloyd n.d. 3793:Lloyd n.d. 3738:Lloyd n.d. 3730:White 2000 3706:Stone 2000 3702:Lloyd n.d. 3678:Clark 1877 3654:Lloyd n.d. 3638:Lloyd n.d. 3591:Lloyd n.d. 3575:Lloyd n.d. 3435:Lloyd n.d. 3415:Lloyd n.d. 3359:Lloyd n.d. 3339:Lloyd n.d. 3309:Lloyd n.d. 3145:Lloyd n.d. 3010:Stone 2000 2934:Lloyd n.d. 2904:3 December 2859:Lloyd n.d. 2257:White 2000 1833:References 1617:cross-wall 1593:presbytery 1569:Romanesque 1300:Lord Clive 1151:Charles II 1130:John Birch 1038:courthouse 996:Henry VIII 992:Mary Tudor 835:Richard II 791:Edward III 761:, married 718:town walls 710:Great Hall 704:defeat at 674:collateral 645:Great Hall 578:the Levant 492:William II 458:promontory 454:River Teme 409:promontory 405:River Teme 265:after the 259:River Teme 255:promontory 251:Shropshire 102:52°22′02″N 44:, England 42:Shropshire 5252:cite book 5244:669679508 4902:Hope 1909 4882:Renn 2000 4870:Renn 2000 4854:Renn 2000 4850:Hope 1909 4838:Renn 2000 4810:Renn 2000 4798:Renn 2000 4794:Hope 1909 4782:Hope 1909 4758:Renn 2000 4742:Renn 2000 4730:Renn 2000 4718:Renn 2000 4714:Hope 1909 4666:Hope 1909 4654:Hope 1909 4638:Hope 1909 4622:Hope 1909 4606:Hope 1909 4591:Hope 1909 4567:Hope 1909 4555:Hope 1909 4531:Hope 1909 4503:Hope 1909 4455:Hope 1909 4419:Hope 1909 4407:Hope 1909 4395:Hope 1909 4383:Hope 1909 4355:Hope 1909 4343:Hope 1909 4315:Hope 1909 4284:Hope 1909 4268:Hope 1909 4215:Renn 2000 4199:Renn 2000 4175:Hope 1909 4076:Pastscape 3750:Hope 1909 3734:Renn 2000 3726:Hope 1909 3710:Hope 1909 3626:Renn 1987 3511:Hope 1909 3499:Renn 1987 3375:Hope 1909 3355:Hope 1909 2391:Hope 1909 2126:Renn 2000 2070:Renn 1987 1956:Renn 2000 1919:Renn 2000 1907:Renn 1987 1846:Renn 1987 1650:chamfered 1609:rhomboids 1556:transomed 1492:sandstone 1480:siltstone 1238:Henrietta 1215:George II 1111:When the 1073:Charles I 958:Henry VII 907:Edward IV 886:in 1409. 807:Arthurian 803:chivalric 772:Edward II 669:the Crown 621:Richard I 557:civil war 481:gatehouse 432:163 363:the Crown 353:With the 336:Royalists 315:the Crown 311:Edward IV 271:civil war 213:sandstone 209:Siltstone 205:Materials 174:Condition 105:2°43′23″W 4922:(1877). 1724:See also 1581:Pevensey 1577:Hereford 1403:baseball 1145:Hereford 1117:Royalist 946:Edward V 930:Henry VI 864:Henry IV 783:Isabella 712:and the 487:burgheat 477:ringwork 211:and red 1601:arcaded 1597:chancel 1528:vaulted 1257:sublime 1081:James I 950:Richard 922:Yorkist 899:Richard 891:Henry V 856:hunting 706:Evesham 520:Henry I 514:(right) 440:alone. 390:History 375:mansion 303:Yorkist 190:1066–85 5520: 5501: 5482: 5463: 5444: 5425: 5406: 5387: 5368: 5349: 5330: 5311: 5292: 5273: 5242: 5223: 5204: 5185: 5141: 5122: 5103: 5080: 5061: 5042: 5023: 5004: 4985: 4966: 4947: 1816:terms. 1806:terms. 1787:terms. 1484:ashlar 1467:Ludlow 1221:, the 1157:, the 1089:masque 936:, the 876:Edmund 840:Edmund 827:Edmund 613:Walter 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Index