120:
105:
322:
350:
217:, most remained in Halifax because of uncertainty over Acadian land titles. The Foreign Protestant settlers did not like the "shanty town" and complained of an inability to obtain land, building materials, as well as having to pay high rents and prices. These settlers not receiving what they were promised and the hardships they endured to that point led to building frustrations. Because of problems with these settlers, the British government stopped recruiting Foreign Protestants in 1752.
34:
336:
309:
After the rebellion a number of the French and German-speaking
Foreign Protestants left the village to join Le Loutre and the Acadians. The rebellion and fallout of the rebellion was considered by the British to be yet another mark against the Acadians, who continued to seek neutrality while farming
273:
As a desperate solution to the "foreigner" problem, it was decided to move the
Foreign Protestants to Merligash (renamed Lunenburg), under the direction of Charles Lawrence. On 19 June 1753 they were given town lots and within two months it was reported by Lawrence that although the settlers had set
201:
hired John Dick, a young
Scotsman and recruiting agent, to recruit Foreign Protestants and promised them land, a year's subsistence, and arms and tools. Transportation was not free, although some settlers were able to finance their passage by contracting their labour to the government. Dick was
296:
The rebellion is often referred to as "The
Hoffman Insurrection," because it was led by John Hoffman, one of the army captains who had established the settlers in the town. Hoffman, a previous Justice of Peace at Halifax, led a mob that eventually locked up in one of the blockhouses the Justice of
193:
for land and resources. Issues with the initial settlement of
Halifax led to the British government, desperate in its search for a new source of settlers, to turn to settling Nova Scotia with "Foreign Protestants" made up of Swiss, French Huguenots, and Germans.
202:
criticized for collecting 'in general old miserable wretches', misleading prospective settlers about New World conditions, exploiting their labour, and overcrowding ships. In total, he transported over 2700 "Germans and Swiss", many of which were
252:
and protected by the
British Navy ships, a unit of Regular soldiers under Major Patrick Sutherland, and a unit of rangers under Joseph Gorham, established the village of Lunenberg. The settlement was founded by two British army officers
274:
up homes and gardens, the settlers were 'inconceivably turbulent, I might have said mutinous'. The
Protestant settlers were fed up with not receiving promised farmland and the treatment they'd received at the hands of the British.
301:
with troops to suppress the rebellion. Monckton arrested
Hoffman and took him to Halifax. Hoffman was charged with planning to join the French and take a large number of settlers with him. He was fined and imprisoned on
236:
that as many as 300 natives nearby were prepared to oppose the settlement of
Lunenburg and intended to attack upon the arrival of settlers. The move was part of the British government's campaign to establish
297:
the Peace and some of
Commander Patrick Sutherland's troops. The rebels then declared a republic. Commander Patrick Sutherland at Lunenburg asked for reinforcements from Halifax and Lawrence sent Colonel
220:
In the spring of 1753, it became public knowledge that the British were planning to unilaterally establish the settlement of Lunenburg, without negotiating with the
189:
was the first British colony settled at public expense, from 1749-1764. The goal of this project was to provide a preferred or loyal population to contend with
163:
552:"2. The 'Hoffman Rebellion' (1753) and Hoffman's Trial (1754): Constructive High Treason and Seditious Conspiracy in Nova Scotia under the Stratocracy"
443:
The "foreign Protestants" and the settlement of Nova Scotia : the history of a piece of arrested British colonial policy in the eighteenth century
683:
688:
678:
531:
653:
249:
673:
668:
213:
Although the British government intended to settle these Foreign Protestant settlers in agricultural communities, such as the
571:
498:
471:
417:
551:
658:
693:
663:
648:
378:
638:
303:
262:
224:
people. The British decision was a continuation of violations of an earlier treaty and undermined Chief
643:
154:(also known as "The Hoffman Insurrection") was an insurrection in December 1753 by the new settlers at
363:
233:
167:
25:
619:
171:
110:
373:
278:
254:
155:
306:
for two years, after what appears to be Nova Scotia's first (aborted) treason trial in 1754.
606:
488:
461:
441:
327:
282:
186:
8:
513:
368:
293:, that the settlers were not receiving all support authorized by the British Parliament.
159:
94:
43:
248:
In June 1753, 1400 German and French Protestant settlers, supervised by British Officer
258:
225:
567:
494:
467:
413:
175:
592:
559:
229:
407:
298:
286:
242:
166:
within the first year of settlement, against the British, amidst the backdrop of
142:
124:
39:
341:
198:
162:
settlers from repeated resettlement by the British. It was led by army captain
563:
632:
355:
238:
33:
214:
589:"Province of Nova Scotia, Halifax County (City of Halifax sheet, no. 68)"
446:. Internet Archive. : University of Toronto Press. pp. 417–42.
268:
221:
281:, the new settlers rebelled against the British, supported by Father
203:
588:
597:
207:
190:
47:
285:. The incident appears to have been sparked by rumours created by
290:
277:
In mid-December 1753, within six months of their arrival at
158:, over poor living conditions as well as weariness of the
310:
lands the British intended to settle new colonists on.
412:. Toronto: Oxford University Press. pp. 121–125.
269:
Conflict with the British and Outcome of the Rebellion
554:. In Greenwood, Frank Murray; Wright, Barry (eds.).
317:
539:. William Briggs, Wesley Buildings. pp. 32–35.
409:The Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation History
630:
558:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 72–97.
490:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History
463:The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History
101:
42:to quell the rebellion. The British feared the
487:Buckner, Phillip; Reid, John G. (2017-06-22).
460:Buckner, Phillip; Reid, John G. (2017-06-22).
493:. University of Toronto Press. p. 136.
228:'s 1752 Peace Treaty. As a result, Governor
486:
466:. University of Toronto Press. p. 37.
459:
32:
596:
586:
529:
38:In December 1753, the British dispatched
405:
631:
549:
684:Rebellions against the British Empire
525:
523:
521:
455:
453:
439:
435:
433:
431:
429:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
261:and German-immigrant local official
241:in Nova Scotia against the power of
80:British victory: rebellion quelled.
13:
689:Riots and civil disorder in Canada
533:History of the County of Lunenburg
14:
705:
518:
450:
426:
390:
679:History of immigration to Canada
530:DesBrisay, Mather Byles (1895).
348:
334:
320:
118:
103:
654:Military history of Nova Scotia
440:Bell, Winthrop Pickard (1961).
379:Military history of Nova Scotia
580:
556:Canadian State Trials Volume I
543:
507:
480:
1:
674:Pre-Confederation Nova Scotia
669:Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia
384:
181:
46:rebels might have joined the
550:Cahill, Barry (1996-12-31).
304:Georges Island (Nova Scotia)
44:French and German Protestant
7:
313:
263:Dettlieb Christopher Jessen
10:
710:
659:Military history of Canada
564:10.3138/9781487596187-006
132:
88:
54:
31:
23:
18:
664:Conflicts in Nova Scotia
649:18th-century rebellions
587:Faribault, E R (1908).
406:Bumsted, J. M. (1992).
232:received warnings from
19:The Lunenburg Rebellion
694:Father Le Loutre's War
614:Cite journal requires
374:Lunenburg, Nova Scotia
364:Father Le Loutre's War
279:Lunenburg, Nova Scotia
168:Father Le Loutre's War
156:Lunenburg, Nova Scotia
133:Commanders and leaders
71:Lunenburg, Nova Scotia
26:Father Le Loutre's War
328:North America portal
283:Jean-Louis Le Loutre
187:Halifax, Nova Scotia
170:(1749-1755) between
639:1753 in Nova Scotia
369:Foreign Protestants
152:Lunenburg Rebellion
95:Foreign Protestants
514:Canadian Biography
259:Patrick Sutherland
226:Jean-Baptiste Cope
160:Foreign Protestant
97:and other settlers
62:mid December, 1753
644:Conflicts in 1753
573:978-1-4875-9618-7
500:978-1-4875-1676-5
473:978-1-4875-1676-5
419:978-0-19-543101-8
289:of a letter from
148:
147:
84:
83:
701:
624:
623:
617:
612:
610:
602:
600:
584:
578:
577:
547:
541:
540:
538:
527:
516:
511:
505:
504:
484:
478:
477:
457:
448:
447:
437:
424:
423:
403:
358:
353:
352:
351:
344:
339:
338:
337:
330:
325:
324:
323:
250:Charles Lawrence
230:Peregrine Hopson
204:French Huguenots
123:
122:
121:
113:
109:
107:
106:
56:
55:
36:
16:
15:
709:
708:
704:
703:
702:
700:
699:
698:
629:
628:
627:
615:
613:
604:
603:
585:
581:
574:
548:
544:
536:
528:
519:
512:
508:
501:
485:
481:
474:
458:
451:
438:
427:
420:
404:
391:
387:
354:
349:
347:
340:
335:
333:
326:
321:
319:
316:
299:Robert Monckton
287:Jean Pettrequin
271:
184:
143:Robert Monckton
125:British America
119:
117:
104:
102:
72:
40:Robert Monckton
37:
12:
11:
5:
707:
697:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
626:
625:
616:|journal=
598:10.4095/247648
579:
572:
542:
517:
506:
499:
479:
472:
449:
425:
418:
388:
386:
383:
382:
381:
376:
371:
366:
360:
359:
345:
342:History portal
331:
315:
312:
270:
267:
255:John Creighton
199:Board of Trade
183:
180:
146:
145:
139:
135:
134:
130:
129:
128:
127:
98:
91:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
70:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
29:
28:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
706:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
636:
634:
621:
608:
599:
594:
590:
583:
575:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
546:
535:
534:
526:
524:
522:
515:
510:
502:
496:
492:
491:
483:
475:
469:
465:
464:
456:
454:
445:
444:
436:
434:
432:
430:
421:
415:
411:
410:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
389:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
356:Canada portal
346:
343:
332:
329:
318:
311:
307:
305:
300:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
266:
264:
260:
256:
251:
246:
244:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
211:
209:
205:
200:
195:
192:
188:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
144:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
116:
115:
114:
112:
111:Great Britain
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
79:
76:
75:
69:
66:
65:
61:
58:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
27:
22:
17:
607:cite journal
582:
555:
545:
532:
509:
489:
482:
462:
442:
408:
308:
295:
276:
272:
247:
219:
215:Bay of Fundy
212:
197:The British
196:
185:
164:John Hoffman
151:
149:
138:John Hoffman
100:
89:Belligerents
239:Protestants
234:Fort Edward
633:Categories
385:References
245:Acadians.
182:Background
314:See also
243:Catholic
208:Lorraine
191:Acadians
141:Colonel
67:Location
48:Acadians
24:Part of
222:Mi'kmaq
172:Britain
570:
497:
470:
416:
291:London
176:France
108:
77:Result
537:(PDF)
206:from
620:help
568:ISBN
495:ISBN
468:ISBN
414:ISBN
257:and
174:and
150:The
59:Date
593:doi
560:doi
635::
611::
609:}}
605:{{
591:.
566:.
520:^
452:^
428:^
392:^
265:.
210:.
178:.
622:)
618:(
601:.
595::
576:.
562::
503:.
476:.
422:.
50:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
