227:
47:
422:
267:
1348:
740:
715:
690:
851:
820:
812:
897:
890:
859:
636:
Habyarimana was the president of the party, and as such was the only candidate for president of the republic. However, in a minor concession to democracy, voters were presented with two MRND candidates at
Legislative Assembly elections.
439:
306:
487:, particularly from President Habyarimana's home region of Northern Rwanda. The elite group of MRND party members who were known to have influence on the President and
446:
1333:
1622:
1311:
1612:
1538:
1512:
149:
117:
1602:
1566:
550:. It codified the MRND's status as the only legal party, and declared that every Rwandan citizen was automatically a member of the MRND.
1617:
1507:
925:
590:
1489:
1326:
547:
432:
226:
1607:
1384:
589:. After Habyarimana's death in April 1994, hardline elements of the party were among the chief architects of the genocide; the
352:
1597:
1592:
1462:
573:
569:
557:
1342:
870:
831:
787:
565:
561:
553:
367:
362:
357:
242:
1484:
1378:
1319:
725:
700:
670:
395:
390:
385:
301:
1632:
1102:
1028:
980:
593:(CDR), which played a significant role, was originally a hard-line faction of the MRND that became a separate party.
579:
The party's name was changed after the legalisation of opposition parties in 1991. The youth wing of the party, the
1425:
1413:
1457:
1341:
1206:, Art. 7: "Tout Rwandais est de plein droit membre du Mouvement révolutionnaire national pour le développement."
560:
followed in 1981, with two MRND candidates contesting each of the 64 seats. Habyarimana was re-elected again in
1522:
1396:
1284:
1250:
1245:. Procedural aspects of international law series. Vol. 21. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 243.
1053:
1048:. The Raoul Wallenberg Institute human rights library. Vol. 26. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 173.
523:
332:
1357:
171:
1627:
483:. From 1978 to 1991, the MRND was the only legal political party in the country. It was dominated by
1177:
1139:
1075:
1023:. William Carey International University international development series. WCIU Press. p. 159.
1002:
1474:
421:
556:
were held in 1978 with
Habyarimana as the sole candidate. He was re-elected with 99% of the vote.
542:
party, which had been dominated by Hutus from southern Rwanda. The MRND replaced
Parmehutu as the
62:
1548:
1479:
1431:
1372:
1019:
Butare-Kiyovu, James (2010). "Discovering and
Addressing the Root Causes of Genocide in Rwanda".
617:
597:
372:
1419:
1390:
792:
675:
624:(albeit less extreme than their predecessors), advanced a conservative social agenda and were
476:
283:
81:
57:
1276:
1270:
1094:
527:
17:
8:
613:
247:
184:
480:
1571:
1302:
Radio
Propaganda and the Broadcasting of Hatred: Historical Development and Definitions
1165:
1127:
1063:
990:
535:
488:
237:
200:
195:
1280:
1246:
1098:
1049:
1024:
976:
414:
408:
46:
522:
The party was established by
Habyarimana on 5 July 1975, exactly two years after he
920:
586:
511:
1561:
543:
500:
464:
180:
266:
945:
625:
188:
1586:
1215:
1203:
604:, both the MRND and the CDR were driven from power and banned in July 1994.
1452:
1158:
Political party bans in Rwanda 1994–2003: three narratives of justification
1467:
601:
581:
342:
163:
1243:
Humanitarian intervention: The United
Nations in an evolving world order
616:, though he (and his regime) are said to have used propaganda methods,
347:
176:
157:
1543:
915:
585:, later developed into a militia group that played a key role in the
539:
505:
Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le développement
107:
568:, whilst parliamentary elections were held under the same system in
144:
1347:
472:
133:
129:
621:
492:
213:
1091:
From War to
Genocide: Criminal Politics in Rwanda, 1990–1994
1272:
1204:
Constitution de la RĂ©publique
Rwandaise du 20 décembre 1978
946:"Peasant Ideology and Genocide in Rwanda Under Habyarimana"
484:
497:
National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development
596:
After Rwanda was conquered by the rival Tutsi-dominated
469:
Mouvement révolutionnaire national pour le développement
1275:. Public Planet Series. Duke University Press. p.
38:
Mouvement révolutionaire national pour le développement
572:(with the National Assembly enlarged to 70 seats) and
1229:
In the Aftermath of Genocide: The U.S. Role in Rwanda
1021:
International Development from a Kingdom Perspective
1584:
751:
546:in Rwanda. A new constitution was approved in a
1518:National Revolutionary Movement for Development
461:National Revolutionary Movement for Development
35:National Revolutionary Movement for Development
1539:Association for Social Promotion of the Masses
1513:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
118:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
1327:
1018:
440:
1120:Narrating genocide on the streets of Kigali
1334:
1320:
1299:
1293:
471:, MRND) was the ruling political party of
447:
433:
225:
45:
1508:Coalition for the Defence of the Republic
1093:. University of Wisconsin Press. p.
1088:
1014:
1012:
926:Coalition for the Defence of the Republic
645:
591:Coalition for the Defence of the Republic
1623:Political parties disestablished in 1994
1264:
1262:
1151:
1149:
1117:
1043:
612:Habyarimana was described as relatively
1037:
966:
964:
14:
1585:
1385:Democratic Union of the Rwandan People
1240:
1155:
1009:
526:the first post-independence president
27:Rwandan ruling party from 1975 to 1994
1613:Political parties established in 1975
1463:Rwanda Movement for Democratic Change
1315:
1268:
1259:
1146:
970:
495:. In 1991, the party was renamed the
961:
640:
479:, running with first Vice President
1603:Defunct political parties in Rwanda
1209:
24:
1485:United Democratic Forces of Rwanda
1304:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 167.
1046:Never again?: Rwanda and the World
475:from 1975 to 1994 under President
25:
1644:
1618:1994 disestablishments in Rwanda
1426:Democratic Green Party of Rwanda
1346:
895:
888:
857:
850:
849:
819:
818:
811:
810:
738:
713:
688:
420:
265:
1458:Prosperity and Solidarity Party
1234:
1221:
1192:Historical Dictionary of Rwanda
1118:Mckinney, Stephanie L. (2012).
514:in 1994, the party was banned.
1523:Republican Democratic Movement
1397:Party for Progress and Concord
1197:
1184:
1111:
1082:
938:
896:
889:
858:
353:1978 constitutional referendum
13:
1:
1608:1975 establishments in Rwanda
931:
752:Chamber of Deputies elections
1598:Parties of one-party systems
1593:Far-right politics in Rwanda
631:
544:sole legally permitted party
534:. Habyarimana established a
7:
1343:Political parties in Rwanda
1190:Aimable Twagilimana (2007)
909:
607:
368:1988 parliamentary election
363:1983 parliamentary election
358:1981 parliamentary election
10:
1649:
1300:Somerville, Keith (2012).
1218:African Elections Database
1194:, Scarecrow Press, p. 116.
1044:Aspegren, Lennart (2006).
517:
1567:List of political parties
1557:
1531:
1500:
1445:
1406:
1379:Centrist Democratic Party
1365:
1356:
1227:Robert E. Gribbin (2005)
1160:. Routledge. p. 113.
1122:. Routledge. p. 161.
1089:Guichaoua, André (2015).
975:. Routledge. p. 93.
791:
674:
618:ethnically discriminating
233:
224:
219:
206:
194:
170:
156:
139:
125:
113:
103:
95:
87:
77:
69:
53:
44:
32:
1633:Banned far-right parties
1475:Rwanda National Congress
1241:Murphy, Sean D. (1996).
971:Bauer, Gretchen (2011).
333:1973 Rwandan coup d'Ă©tat
302:Early life and education
274:This article is part of
37:
1549:Rwandese National Union
1480:Rwandan Socialist Party
1432:Social Party Imberakuri
1414:Social Democratic Party
1373:Rwandan Patriotic Front
1269:Feher, Michael (2000).
598:Rwandan Patriotic Front
558:Parliamentary elections
196:Political position
1391:Ideal Democratic Party
1156:Niesen, Peter (2013).
646:Presidential elections
587:Genocide against Tutsi
554:Presidential elections
504:
468:
380:Presidential elections
1366:Ruling coalition (40)
121:(not legal successor)
63:Théodore Sindikubwabo
1216:Elections in Rwanda
793:Juvénal Habyarimana
676:Juvénal Habyarimana
477:Juvénal Habyarimana
314:President of Rwanda
285:Juvénal Habyarimana
185:Social conservatism
82:Juvénal Habyarimana
58:Juvénal Habyarimana
1572:Politics of Rwanda
1407:Other parties (12)
973:Sub-Saharan Africa
536:totalitarian state
528:Grégoire Kayibanda
507:, MRND or MRNDD).
238:Politics of Rwanda
1580:
1579:
1441:
1440:
1231:, iUniverse, p153
907:
906:
903:Sole legal party
865:Sole legal party
826:Sole legal party
749:
748:
641:Electoral history
491:are known as the
457:
456:
409:Bugesera invasion
323:
294:
293:
256:
255:
243:Political parties
114:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
1640:
1628:Rwandan genocide
1363:
1362:
1351:
1350:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1238:
1232:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1171:
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1161:
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1144:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1109:
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1086:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1059:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1000:
996:
994:
986:
968:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
942:
921:Edouard Karemera
899:
898:
892:
891:
884:
861:
860:
853:
852:
845:
822:
821:
814:
813:
806:
756:
755:
745:
742:
741:
720:
717:
716:
695:
692:
691:
656:Party candidate
650:
649:
512:Rwandan genocide
481:Édouard Karemera
449:
442:
435:
424:
348:Hutu Nationalism
317:
290:
289:
288:
286:
278:
277:
269:
262:
261:
258:
257:
229:
212:
104:Preceded by
73:Eduoard Karemera
49:
30:
29:
21:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1562:Portal:Politics
1553:
1527:
1496:
1437:
1402:
1352:
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1287:
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1087:
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1038:
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951:
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944:
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939:
934:
912:
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843:
807:
804:
754:
743:
739:
718:
714:
693:
689:
648:
643:
634:
610:
548:1978 referendum
538:and banned the
520:
453:
419:
400:
377:
324:
322:
311:
284:
282:
281:
280:
279:
275:
273:
272:
252:
210:
187:
183:
181:Totalitarianism
179:
148:
120:
61:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1646:
1636:
1635:
1630:
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1600:
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1502:
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1471:
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1423:
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1410:
1408:
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1376:
1369:
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1360:
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1353:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
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1285:
1258:
1251:
1233:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1183:
1145:
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1103:
1081:
1054:
1036:
1029:
1008:
981:
960:
936:
935:
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929:
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923:
918:
911:
908:
905:
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867:
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828:
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784:
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763:
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750:
747:
746:
733:
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728:
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721:
708:
705:
703:
697:
696:
683:
680:
678:
673:
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
647:
644:
642:
639:
633:
630:
626:anti-communist
609:
606:
519:
516:
510:Following the
455:
454:
452:
451:
444:
437:
429:
426:
425:
418:
417:
412:
399:
398:
393:
388:
376:
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373:Arusha Accords
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
318:
310:
309:
304:
296:
295:
292:
291:
276:a series about
270:
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234:
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217:
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208:
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203:
198:
192:
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189:Anti-communism
174:
168:
167:
160:
154:
153:
141:
137:
136:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
70:Vice President
67:
66:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
34:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1645:
1634:
1631:
1629:
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1619:
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1516:
1514:
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1503:
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1488:
1487:
1486:
1483:
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1478:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:Unrepresented
1444:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:Liberal Party
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
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1383:
1380:
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1317:
1314:
1303:
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1278:
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1230:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1205:
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1193:
1187:
1179:
1167:
1159:
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1150:
1141:
1129:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1104:9780299298203
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1077:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1032:
1030:9780865850286
1026:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1004:
992:
984:
982:9781136819155
978:
974:
967:
965:
947:
941:
937:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
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872:
869:
868:
864:
856:
848:
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835:
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830:
829:
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809:
802:
799:
796:
794:
789:
786:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
762:Party leader
761:
758:
757:
737:
734:
731:
729:
727:
724:
723:
712:
709:
706:
704:
702:
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687:
684:
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679:
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672:
669:
668:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
651:
638:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
605:
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
583:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
515:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
450:
445:
443:
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436:
431:
430:
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427:
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416:
413:
410:
407:
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404:
397:
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389:
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384:
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382:
381:
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371:
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366:
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359:
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344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
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316:
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287:
271:
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264:
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147:
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138:
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128:
124:
119:
116:
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109:
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99:July 15, 1994
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
31:
19:
1517:
1453:Ishema Party
1301:
1295:
1271:
1242:
1236:
1228:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1157:
1119:
1113:
1090:
1084:
1045:
1039:
1020:
972:
952:. Retrieved
940:
780:
735:
710:
685:
635:
620:against the
611:
595:
580:
578:
552:
531:
521:
509:
496:
460:
458:
403:Battles/wars
402:
401:
379:
378:
337:
326:
325:
319:
313:
312:
162:
143:
126:Headquarters
91:July 5, 1975
60:(1975–1994)
1468:PDR-Ihumure
1174:|work=
1136:|work=
1072:|work=
999:|work=
602:Paul Kagame
582:interahamwe
532:coup d'Ă©tat
343:Interahamwe
164:Interahamwe
1587:Categories
1358:Parliament
1286:0822326132
1252:0812233824
1055:9004151818
954:2019-10-30
932:References
875:2,701,682
836:2,364,592
797:2,100,770
524:had ousted
411:(disputed)
327:Government
220:Party flag
177:Hutu Power
158:Youth wing
1544:Parmehutu
1176:ignored (
1166:cite book
1138:ignored (
1128:cite book
1074:ignored (
1064:cite book
1001:ignored (
991:cite book
916:Parmehutu
777:Position
759:Election
653:Election
632:Structure
540:Parmehutu
415:Civil War
320:1973–1994
248:Elections
201:Far-right
140:Newspaper
108:Parmehutu
54:President
910:See also
614:moderate
608:Ideology
489:his wife
172:Ideology
1532:Defunct
883:70 / 70
844:70 / 70
805:64 / 64
736:Elected
732:99.98%
711:Elected
707:99.97%
686:Elected
682:98.99%
665:Result
600:led by
518:History
207:Colours
152:(Radio)
145:Kangura
88:Founded
78:Founder
1501:Banned
1283:
1249:
1101:
1052:
1027:
979:
781:Result
771:Seats
765:Votes
659:Votes
501:French
473:Rwanda
465:French
211:
134:Rwanda
130:Kigali
96:Banned
65:(1994)
949:(PDF)
878:100%
839:100%
800:100%
622:Tutsi
530:in a
493:akazu
485:Hutus
307:Death
214:Black
1375:(36)
1281:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1178:help
1140:help
1099:ISBN
1076:help
1050:ISBN
1025:ISBN
1003:help
977:ISBN
900:1st
871:1988
862:1st
832:1983
823:1st
788:1981
774:+/–
726:1988
701:1983
671:1978
574:1988
570:1983
566:1988
564:and
562:1983
459:The
396:1988
391:1983
386:1978
338:MRND
150:RTLM
18:MRND
1490:RDR
1434:(2)
1428:(2)
1422:(4)
1416:(5)
1399:(1)
1393:(1)
1387:(1)
1381:(1)
815:64
1589::
1279:.
1277:59
1261:^
1170::
1168:}}
1164:{{
1148:^
1132::
1130:}}
1126:{{
1097:.
1095:14
1068::
1066:}}
1062:{{
1011:^
995::
993:}}
989:{{
963:^
854:6
768:%
662:%
628:.
576:.
503::
467::
132:,
1335:e
1328:t
1321:v
1289:.
1255:.
1180:)
1142:)
1107:.
1078:)
1058:.
1033:.
1005:)
985:.
957:.
744:Y
719:Y
694:Y
499:(
463:(
448:e
441:t
434:v
20:)
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