623:
146:
2042:
1677:
2037:
1672:
163:
180:
197:
701:
582:
around noon and was unable to proceed. The weather was poor and the ship reported that it was rolling heavily. After being immobilized in the ice for approximately eight hours the tanker turned and headed towards the open sea in an effort to get around the pack ice. Almost immediately after clearing
733:
Her purchase while in drydock left Common
Brothers to cover the cost of reconstruction, who financed the move with bank loans in hopes to achieve questionable profits previously forecasted. By 1982, the company had missed the forecasted profits and approached a crisis as its stock rapidly deflated,
595:
crew managed to pump a substantial amount of the oil into the remaining undamaged tanks within the vessel, limiting what could have been a more catastrophic spill, before the ship's bow section broke completely apart from the vessel and remained partially afloat. The crew were later rescued by the
542:
Ever since the two ships were under construction, it was planned that the refinery's parent company would operate the duo. As such, the
Newfoundland Refining Company was established and chartered both tankers from Nile Steamship for 16 years. However, the Come by Chance Refinery - and Newfoundland
517:
better than the older types of steel, reducing the need for structural redundancies. What was not known at the time was that the stronger steel was as equally vulnerable to fatigue fractures as the normal steel, leading to a rise in structural failures of such vessels built during the decade.
538:
of the tower to allow the removal of damaged steel. The damage to the bridge totaled out to be $ 600,000 ($ 3,016,804 in 2023). The tanker on the other hand was relatively unaffected, suffering only slight damage to the bow and responsibility for the accident.
1051:
Small
Business Petroleum and Petrochemical Marketers Protection Act of 1975: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on SBA and SBIC Legislation of the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 8117
383:
The cause of the accident was blamed on defective welding in her keel. Following the accident, her bow was rebuilt and the ship was sold off under a new name. She was transferred between owners before she was scrapped in 2000.
721:
was brought into drydock and fitted with a new bow. While in drydock, she was transferred to the
Hindustan Steam Shipping Company, itself managed by Common Brothers. Under her new operators, the ship was renamed
688:. The area had been damaged in 1975 and repaired in 1977. It was also determined that the displacement of heated oil by cold water entering the cargo tanks contributed to the disaster.
417:, ordered two oil tankers from Swan Hunter shipbuilders at a combined cost of $ 15 million ($ 102,953,523 in 2023). The two ships were built to carry jet fuel from the refinery to
364:, was an oil tanker built in 1973 for the American-Canadian trade. In 1979, she became stuck in ice and suffered a cataphoric structural failure, resulting in her
726:
in 1979. The next year, the ship was transferred to the
Northumbrian Shipping Company, also a part of Common Bros. Under her new owners, she was renamed to
414:
591:
s hull began to crack vertically in two separate areas. Oil began leaking from a vertical crack in the sides of the vessel's No.3 wing tanks. The
1257:
1212:
704:
2064:
534:
at night in heavy fog. The bridge was severely damaged with the north tower nearly sheered apart, requiring two years of repairs and the
2069:
1711:
1345:
1506:
1049:
1400:
1380:
1222:
964:
920:
853:
428:
843:
498:
The ship's hold was separated into six tanks, which were further divided into a center tank and a wing tank on either side.
440:
2084:
1301:
999:
2074:
622:
734:
interest on debt mounted, and began losing money due to failed investments. To inject cash into the failing company,
1563:
1486:
1296:
615:'s western coastline taking ten months to complete. It was later revealed that the disaster marked the first time
1603:
1614:
2079:
1704:
1338:
502:
284:
1306:
1079:
1624:
1916:
1642:
705:
https://web.archive.org/web/20231003032037/https://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/F-Ships/frankdmoores1973.html
421:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2032:
1726:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1653:
1360:
635:
455:
was launched by the namesake's two daughters in
February 1973 and completed in June of the same year.
559:
1113:
638:
where the remaining 16,000 tonnes of oil was off-loaded once weather had improved. What remained of
1987:
1849:
1746:
1697:
1331:
817:
1957:
659:
398:
1318:
1139:
1777:
1736:
1527:
1390:
531:
251:
409:
of oil a day. Anticipating demand from the new refinery, the Nile
Steamship Company, itself a
1087:
402:
1689:
1323:
1787:
1496:
1190:
597:
257:
563:
8:
1977:
1808:
1635:
1553:
488:
154:
2018:
2008:
1533:
1291:
1165:
612:
514:
263:
1880:
1302:
https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/Oil_Spill_Case_Histories.pdf
954:
1997:
1936:
1927:
1583:
1573:
1443:
1371:
1218:
960:
916:
849:
774:
527:
314:
910:
365:
324:
1906:
1797:
1475:
1410:
1890:
1870:
1860:
1756:
1516:
1297:
https://www.pfri.uniri.hr/web/en/projekti/aktivni/2017_-_MarStruFail_-1_eng.pdf
765:
567:
464:
436:
278:
151:
677:
to the ship's hull made shortly before the incident being deemed responsible.
2058:
1432:
584:
535:
443:, who was a staunch supporter of the refinery. Her sistership was christened
425:
406:
317:
681:
651:
650:
in
November 1979. The severed bow section was towed to deep water south of
608:
579:
506:
448:
893:
796:
607:
In the disaster, 10,000 tons of heavy oil was ultimately spilled into the
1307:
https://www.twi-global.com/media-and-events/insights/m-v-kurdistan-tanker
546:
Following the dissolution of her operator, Nile
Steamship renamed her to
373:
336:
320:
102:
1818:
1465:
1421:
685:
492:
480:
410:
239:
1839:
1767:
1454:
892:
Lloyd's
Register Foundation, Heritage & Education Centre (1986).
795:
Lloyd's Register Foundation, Heritage & Education Centre (1974).
484:
369:
1048:
Committee on Small Buisnesses, United States Congress House (1976).
501:
A common trend during the 1970s was the use of relatively unstudied
1896:
1828:
646:
and retrofitted with a new hull before returning to service as the
575:
346:
Data from initial design. Small changes occurred throughout service
205:
188:
171:
674:
655:
168:
106:
891:
794:
643:
550:
keeping the ship to operate along the Eastern coast of Canada.
472:
468:
418:
377:
185:
673:
An inquiry later blamed the wreck on human error, with faulty
1719:
1353:
1319:
http://shipfax.blogspot.com/2019/03/kurdistan-remembered.html
1047:
510:
476:
202:
845:
Pacific Steam Navigation Company: Fleet List & History
483:
on the bow and an otherwise clear deck. She was rated as
680:
The cause of the crack was determined to be a defective
587:
and crew reported hearing a "thud and a shudder", and
634:
The stern section remained afloat and was towed into
1292:
https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/37168.pdf
1007:. Herbert Engineering Corp. 20 July 2012. p. 8.
566:on 15 March 1979, laden with 30,000 tons of heated
764:
2056:
1245:. Newcastle upon Tyne. 4 August 1980. p. 3.
1018:"Jacks Will Lift One end of Mount Hope Bridge".
908:
1259:Lloyd Register of Shipping 1939 Sailing Vessels
405:began operations, promising to produce 100,000
980:"Investigation of the MV Kurdistan Casualty".
1705:
1339:
1256:Foundation, Lloyd Register (1 January 1939).
1055:U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 477.
909:Streater, R. A.; Greenman, David G. (1982).
956:Talbot-Booth's Merchant Ships. Vol. 3. 1979
1712:
1698:
1346:
1332:
1255:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
387:
1720:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1979
1354:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1975
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
491:, indicating she could operate without a
621:
619:had ever carried a cargo of heated oil.
451:, premier when the refinery opened. The
1163:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1059:
841:
526:On 16 July 1975, she collided with the
2057:
1210:
1001:Design and Construction of Oil Tankers
748:
80:1980: Hindustan Steam Shipping Company
1693:
1327:
1236:
1234:
895:Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1986 A-G
798:Lloyd's Register of Shipping 1974 A-L
1101:
934:
932:
887:
885:
869:
867:
865:
812:
810:
808:
717:Immediately following the accident,
583:the ice, the tanker was caught in a
509:. It was believed that the stronger
441:premier of Newfoundland and Labrador
92:1987-2000: Coronation Shipping Group
2065:Shipwrecks of the Nova Scotia coast
1214:Tramp Ships: An Illustrated History
915:. London, England: Jane's Pub. Co.
83:1980: Northumbrian Shipping Company
13:
1312:
1231:
611:, with the clean-up efforts along
543:Refining - went bankrupt in 1976.
14:
2096:
2070:Petroleum industry in Nova Scotia
1285:
1164:Boudrot, Don (13 December 2019).
929:
882:
862:
842:Collard, Ian (15 February 2014).
805:
630:'s bow adrift following the wreck
431:. The first tanker was named the
89:1986-1987: Seaveil Shipping Group
77:1973-1980: Nile Steamship Company
2040:
2035:
1675:
1670:
1262:. Lloyd's Register. p. 131.
1211:Fenton, Roy (13 November 2013).
712:
699:
521:
195:
178:
161:
144:
1277:. 23 November 1982. p. 21.
1266:
1249:
1204:
1183:
1157:
1132:
1041:
1026:
1011:
992:
973:
848:. Amberley Publishing Limited.
1022:. 28 November 1975. p. 1.
947:
943:. 7 February 1973. p. 26.
902:
835:
788:
392:
281:: 192.0 metres (629.9 ft)
1:
878:. 17 August 1972. p. 23.
818:"Come By Chance Oil Refinery"
741:
982:Engineering Failure Analysis
553:
323:-fed engine producing 14000
287:: 182.9 metres (600 ft)
7:
1273:"Common in Choppy Waters".
1120:. Government of Nova Scotia
694:Photo gallery of the vessel
422:Logan International Airport
10:
2101:
2085:Maritime incidents in 1979
1996:September (unknown date):
1037:. 25 July 1975. p. 8.
912:Jane's merchant ships 1982
636:Port Hastings, Nova Scotia
372:of 10,000 tons of oil off
2075:Water pollution in Canada
2030:
1948:
1889:November (unknown date):
1725:
1665:
1544:
1359:
1033:"Ship Hits Bridge Pier".
874:"Alaska Run Under Fire".
698:
693:
574:encountered heavy winter
560:Point Tupper, Nova Scotia
458:
229:
27:
23:
1170:Port Hawkesbury Reporter
1118:Marine Heritage Database
668:
513:would be able to resist
230:General characteristics
86:1982-1986: Ching Tankers
1217:. Seaforth Publishing.
429:John F. Kennedy Airport
399:Come by Chance Refinery
388:Design and construction
1080:"M V Kurdistan tanker"
631:
532:Tiverton, Rhode Island
485:Ice Classification One
397:In December 1973, the
305:10.4 feet (3.2 m)
297:27 metres (89 ft)
1241:"Company Spotlight".
1088:The Welding Institute
959:. 1979. p. 237.
625:
602:Sir William Alexander
558:While traveling from
479:, joined by a raised
368:sheering off and the
2080:Oil spills in Canada
1852:Alfred A. Cunningham
1144:tynebuiltships.co.uk
598:Canadian Coast Guard
16:Oil tanker/oil spill
1275:The Daily Telegraph
939:"People...Things".
898:. pp. 16, 475.
642:was later towed to
530:while traveling to
503:high-strength steel
475:was located on the
433:Joseph R. Smallwood
155:Newcastle upon Tyne
1606:SantĂsima Trinidad
1166:"The MV Kurdistan"
1140:"Tyne Built Ships"
1114:"Kurdistan - 1979"
822:www.heritage.nf.ca
801:. pp. 1, 502.
775:Miramar Ship Index
632:
613:Cape Breton Island
358:, initially named
2052:
2051:
2010:Lindblad Explorer
1928:Caroline of Leigh
1779:R. B. Hendrickson
1687:
1686:
1498:Edmund Fitzgerald
1224:978-1-4738-3190-2
966:978-0-85038-139-9
922:978-0-86720-589-3
855:978-1-4456-3505-7
710:
709:
684:in the port-side
665:on 1 April 1979.
564:Sept-ĂŽles, Quebec
528:Mount Hope Bridge
507:ship construction
463:As designed, her
350:
349:
2092:
2044:
2039:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1992:
1982:
1979:Atlantic Empress
1972:
1962:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1844:
1834:
1823:
1813:
1810:Atlantic Empress
1803:
1792:
1782:
1772:
1762:
1751:
1741:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1679:
1674:
1658:
1648:
1630:
1619:
1609:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1555:Transcontainer I
1537:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1491:
1481:
1470:
1460:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1375:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1110:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1076:
1057:
1056:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
996:
990:
989:
977:
971:
970:
951:
945:
944:
941:The Windsor Star
936:
927:
926:
906:
900:
899:
889:
880:
879:
871:
860:
859:
839:
833:
832:
830:
828:
814:
803:
802:
792:
786:
785:
783:
781:
772:
761:
703:
702:
691:
690:
489:Lloyd's Register
437:Joseph Smallwood
201:
199:
198:
184:
182:
181:
167:
165:
164:
150:
148:
147:
109:, United Kingdom
21:
20:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2026:
2020:Gloria Michelle
2016:
2006:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1949:Other incidents
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1888:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1847:
1837:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1795:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1754:
1744:
1734:
1721:
1718:
1688:
1683:
1661:
1651:
1645:John F. Kennedy
1633:
1622:
1612:
1601:
1595:Frank D. Moores
1591:
1581:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1545:Other incidents
1540:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1494:
1484:
1473:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1430:
1419:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1368:
1355:
1352:
1315:
1313:Further reading
1288:
1283:
1282:
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1225:
1209:
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1189:
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1146:
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1133:
1123:
1121:
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1111:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1078:
1077:
1060:
1046:
1042:
1035:Newport Mercury
1032:
1031:
1027:
1020:Newport Mercury
1017:
1016:
1012:
1004:
998:
997:
993:
979:
978:
974:
967:
953:
952:
948:
938:
937:
930:
923:
907:
903:
890:
883:
873:
872:
863:
856:
840:
836:
826:
824:
816:
815:
806:
793:
789:
779:
777:
768:Frank D. Moores
763:
762:
749:
744:
715:
700:
671:
556:
524:
495:in icy waters.
461:
453:Frank D. Moores
445:Frank D. Moores
426:New York City's
415:Common Brothers
395:
390:
361:Frank D. Moores
196:
194:
179:
177:
162:
160:
145:
143:
125:6 February 1973
40:Frank D. Moores
17:
12:
11:
5:
2098:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2050:
2049:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2017:Unknown date:
2014:
2004:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1912:
1902:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1845:
1841:Angelina Lauro
1835:
1824:
1814:
1804:
1793:
1783:
1773:
1769:Angelina Lauro
1763:
1752:
1742:
1731:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1631:
1627:Miller Freeman
1620:
1616:Waage Drill II
1610:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1559:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1525:Unknown date:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1471:
1461:
1450:
1439:
1428:
1417:
1406:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1372:Lake Illawarra
1365:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1310:
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1304:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1286:External links
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1223:
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1131:
1100:
1084:twi-global.com
1058:
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928:
921:
901:
881:
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745:
743:
740:
738:was sold off.
714:
711:
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707:
696:
695:
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523:
520:
465:superstructure
460:
457:
447:, named after
435:, named after
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2015:
2012:
2011:
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2002:
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1994:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1981:
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1974:
1971:
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1964:
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1959:Saint Germain
1954:
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1750:
1749:
1748:Glacier Queen
1743:
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1733:
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1536:
1535:
1534:Antonio Maceo
1530:
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1523:
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1513:
1510:
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1503:
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1499:
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1472:
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1459:
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1397:
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1387:
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1377:
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1337:
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1216:
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1192:
1186:
1171:
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1160:
1145:
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1135:
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1109:
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1089:
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1054:
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987:
983:
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771:
769:
760:
758:
756:
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747:
739:
737:
731:
729:
725:
720:
713:Later service
706:
697:
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664:
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586:
581:
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522:Early service
519:
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478:
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466:
456:
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375:
371:
367:
363:
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357:
356:
345:
342:
341:
338:
334:
331:
330:
327:via one shaft
326:
322:
319:
318:Barclay Curle
316:
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309:
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296:
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65:
61:
59:
55:
53:
49:
47:
43:
41:
37:
36:
35:
32:
31:
26:
22:
19:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1958:
1937:
1926:
1917:
1908:Nickel Ferry
1907:
1897:
1891:
1882:Independența
1881:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1840:
1830:
1819:
1809:
1799:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1758:
1747:
1737:
1654:
1644:
1637:
1626:
1615:
1605:
1594:
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1584:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1532:
1526:
1517:
1507:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1466:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1413:Spartan Lady
1412:
1401:
1392:Jakob Maersk
1391:
1381:
1370:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1251:
1242:
1213:
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1169:
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1143:
1134:
1124:28 September
1122:. Retrieved
1117:
1093:28 September
1091:. Retrieved
1083:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1000:
994:
985:
981:
975:
955:
949:
940:
911:
904:
894:
876:The Province
875:
844:
837:
825:. Retrieved
821:
797:
790:
778:. Retrieved
767:
736:Aura Bravery
735:
732:
728:Aura Bravery
727:
723:
718:
716:
679:
672:
661:
654:and sunk by
652:Sable Island
647:
639:
633:
627:
616:
609:Cabot Strait
606:
601:
592:
588:
580:Cabot Strait
571:
568:Bunker c oil
557:
547:
545:
541:
525:
500:
497:
462:
452:
449:Frank Moores
444:
432:
403:Newfoundland
396:
382:
360:
359:
354:
352:
351:
133:18 June 1973
63:
58:Aura Bravery
57:
51:
45:
39:
18:
1892:Berge Vanga
1872:Pool Fisher
1862:Aeolian Sky
1789:Zerstörer 1
1757:USCGC
1655:Storozhevoy
1518:Berge Istra
1478:Mona Island
1243:The Journal
1196:12 December
1191:"Kurdistan"
1175:12 December
1149:13 December
827:28 December
780:26 December
585:heavy swell
393:Development
374:Nova Scotia
208:(1987–2000)
191:(1986–1987)
174:(1982–1986)
157:(1973–1982)
114:Yard number
103:Swan Hunter
62:1986-2000:
56:1980-1986:
50:1979-1980:
44:1976-1979:
38:1973-1976:
2059:Categories
1800:Air Sprite
1798:HMAS
1738:Betelgeuse
1727:Shipwrecks
1508:Kim Hua Li
1361:Shipwrecks
770:(7304869)"
742:References
686:bilge keel
660:HMCS
589:Kurdistan'
548:Kurdistan,
481:forecastle
411:subsidiary
310:Propulsion
64:Seabravery
1998:USS
1969:Kurdistan
1850:USS
1829:USS
1643:USS
1636:USS
1476:USS
1455:USS
1444:USS
1435:Carbonero
1433:USS
1422:USS
1402:Red Eagle
724:Simonburn
719:Kurdistan
682:butt weld
648:Simonburn
640:Kurdistan
628:Kurdistan
617:Kurdistan
593:Kurdistan
572:Kurdistan
554:Oil spill
355:Kurdistan
130:Completed
52:Simonburn
46:Kurdistan
2007:26 Dec:
1989:Wildrake
1976:19 Jul:
1966:15 Mar:
1956:21 Feb:
1935:20 Dec:
1925:14 Dec:
1898:Jayawang
1879:15 Nov:
1848:12 Oct:
1838:24 Sep:
1827:19 Jul:
1796:17 May:
1786:16 May:
1776:13 May:
1766:30 Mar:
1759:Cuyahoga
1755:29 Mar:
1745:19 Jan:
1634:22 Nov:
1623:22 Oct:
1602:22 Aug:
1592:16 Jul:
1585:Mayaguez
1582:15 May:
1575:Mayaguez
1572:12 May:
1515:30 Dec:
1505:28 Dec:
1495:10 Nov:
1488:Otvazhny
1485:30 Aug:
1474:20 Aug:
1464:19 Jul:
1453:13 Jun:
1442:11 May:
1431:27 Apr:
1420:15 Apr:
1411:MV
1399:17 Mar:
1389:29 Jan:
1379:20 Jan:
662:Margaree
576:pack ice
419:Boston's
370:spilling
315:Cylinder
218:Scrapped
206:Valletta
189:Limassol
172:Monrovia
138:Homeport
122:Launched
72:Operator
1986:8 Aug:
1938:Ulysses
1915:6 Dec:
1905:1 Dec:
1869:6 Nov:
1859:4 Nov:
1820:Kairali
1817:3 Jul:
1807:3 Aug:
1735:8 Jan:
1652:9 Nov:
1638:Belknap
1613:9 Sep:
1562:2 Feb:
1552:9 Jan:
1467:Herma A
1409:4 Apr:
1369:5 Jan:
675:welding
656:gunfire
600:vessel
578:in the
536:jacking
493:breaker
407:barrels
266:: 32531
260:: 11406
254:: 19867
246:Tonnage
169:Liberia
107:Hebburn
99:Builder
28:History
1625:NOAAS
1565:Moskva
1528:Aviere
1424:Killen
1382:Danesh
1221:
963:
919:
852:
644:Europe
515:stress
473:engine
471:, and
469:funnel
459:Design
378:Canada
321:diesel
313:1 x 7
273:Length
240:tanker
238:Motor
200:
186:Cyprus
183:
166:
149:
2000:Ozark
1918:Malmi
1457:Moore
1005:(PDF)
669:Cause
658:from
511:steel
477:stern
343:Notes
337:knots
332:Speed
302:Depth
223:Notes
203:Malta
2046:1980
2033:1978
1831:Tiru
1681:1976
1668:1974
1604:ARA
1446:Bell
1219:ISBN
1198:2020
1177:2020
1151:2020
1126:2023
1095:2023
988:(1).
961:ISBN
917:ISBN
850:ISBN
829:2023
782:2023
424:and
294:Beam
235:Type
215:Fate
33:Name
1052:...
626:MV
562:to
505:in
487:by
413:of
401:in
366:bow
353:MV
335:16
325:BHP
285:LBP
264:DWT
258:NRT
252:GRT
2061::
1895:,
1641:,
1531:,
1233:^
1168:.
1142:.
1116:.
1103:^
1086:.
1082:.
1061:^
984:.
931:^
884:^
864:^
820:.
807:^
773:.
750:^
730:.
604:.
570:,
467:,
439:,
380:.
376:,
279:OA
152:UK
117:47
105:,
1713:e
1706:t
1699:v
1347:e
1340:t
1333:v
1227:.
1200:.
1179:.
1153:.
1128:.
1097:.
986:4
969:.
925:.
858:.
831:.
784:.
766:"
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