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established on the periphery of the area: Ma'ayan Tzvi in 1938 (adjacent to
Zikhron Yaa'akov) and Sedot Yam in 1940 (just south of the town of Qisarya)… Still, Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya were not totally transformed under British rule, and until the end of the Mandate, Jewish colonization never penetrated their core. Complete "Judaization" was facilitated by the 1948 War... and the establishment of the State of Israel, when the area was depopulated of virtually all of its Arab residents. Only 'Arab al-Ghawarneh, who had accepted land at Jisr al-Zarqa as part of a settlement agreement reached with the PJCA over twenty years earlier, remained on their land. The three years following 1948 witnessed the quick appearance of three new settlements in the area: Ma'agan Michael in 1949; Beit-Hananya in 1950; and Or-'Aqiva in 1951. The rapid pace of Jewish settlement expansion, in conjunction with the quick overall development of the area, stood in stark contrast to the drawn-out disputes that characterized the Mandate period, during which some local residents had successfully used the colonial legal system to defend their rights and remain on the land.
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members of the kibbutz. About 200 more workers are employed in subsidiaries around the world. Plasson is a leader in polyethylene pipe-fittings, poultry drinker systems, and is a large producer of toilet-flushing systems, mainly for the local market. The company has full ownership of six marketing companies abroad and holds part ownership in several others. Plasson also holds full or part ownership of 6 production companies in Israel and abroad. In 1997, 20% of
Plasson was floated as stocks on the Tel Aviv stockmarket. The public company is called Plasson Industries, Inc. In April 2000 a strategic partner, the Swiss company George Fischer, acquired 20%.
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begin using its own attorneys to remove residents from Barrat
Qisarya. The PJCA objected, fearing that this would further emphasize the Jewish-Arab component of the dispute. Instead, they argued unsuccessfully that state legal machinery should retain the burden and make it a high priority. Thus, from the beginning of British rule in Palestine until virtually the end of the Mandate, the PJCA attempted to utilize the British "political, legal and administrative colonial umbrella" in Palestine described by Shamir, in order to acquire the lands of Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya.
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676:(1.6 km) of the Kabarra. Fodder is grown for the dairy cows. For many years the main crop has been cotton. Several varieties of avocado (1,000 dunams) are grown, especially in orchards in Tantura, most of which is exported to Europe. The kibbutz produces 1,200 tons of bananas per year, solely for the local market. Papaya and other exotic fruits are grown in 40 dunams in greenhouses (organic crop), with over 80 types of fruit trees (Abraham's Orchard) on Mount Carmel.
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The kibbutz engaged in internal talks regarding the desire for change based on providing the members with a greater choice in their decisions and their budgets, greater privatization, and less dependence on others. They adopted a decision regarding the dining room and increasing options by paying for
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submachine guns. During this period the kibbutz members lived a double life to keep information of the illicit arms factory from the
British Mandate Forces. In 1948 the factory was moved to the newly-founded Military Industries (TAAS). The site at Kibbutz Hill in Rehovot is currently preserved as the
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The two groups which sedentarized the area, 'Arab al-Ghawarneh' and 'Arab
Kabbara', comprised 79 families and 13 families respectively in the 1920s; the Mandate government concluded that although state lands which were occupied by Arabs could not be allocated for Jewish settlement, this area would be
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in gold and nickel. The precision metal parts produced by Suron are used in an industrial products and are used in industries involved in electronics, microelectronics, electro-optics, precise mechanics, electronic circuits and medical products. Suron also provides technical photographic service for
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This dynamic caused a decrease in the
Mandate authorities' willingness to pursue the matter. However, the PJCA continued to make efforts to employ the state apparatus in order to gain possession of land in Barrat Qisarya until the end of the Mandate. In 1945, the government suggested that the PJCA
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In addition, while
Mandate officials quickly concluded that the majority of state lands were occupied by Arab tenants and could not be allocated for Jewish settlement, Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya were designated as exceptions to this policy. In this way, the British-adopted Jewish interest of
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is the kibbutz's plastics factory. It was founded in 1963 and is the main source of income and employment for the kibbutz. Annual sales reach about $ 100 million, with some 85% of the products exported worldwide. The main
Plasson factory at Ma'agan Michael employs over 400 workers, half of them
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MADAN is the
Aquaculture Fish farming branch of kibbutz Ma’agan Michael agriculture enterprises. The aquaculture branches include about 1600 dunams of fishponds, where edible fish such as carp, gray mullet, St. Peter's fish and silver carp are raised. There is also an area for intensive fish
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Jewish colonization-related operations moved forward in the area during the
Mandate. The PJCA drained the Kabbara marshes during the 1920s and forested parts of Barrat Qisarya (even though the project never appeared in official documents as a state concession), and two new settlements were
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The kibbutz produces 2,000 tons of poultry per year, using free-range intensive breeding. The chick hatchery produces about 4.5 million day-old chicks per year. There is a dairy herd with about 300 cows and 200 calves, which produces over 3.2 million liters of milk per year.
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production in concrete ponds, which are used to raise almost 300 tons of striped bass, Musar, Lavrak. The kibbutz sells over 1,000 tons of edible fish per year. The kibbutz also raises seafish, as well as decorative fish for ponds and aquaria, such as Koi and goldfish.
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means anchorage. The founding group was planning to settle on the seashore, motivated by the dream of establishing a Jewish fishing industry. The founding group owned a fishing boat even before settling on the coast and were determined to build a fishing anchorage.
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encouraging "close settlement by Jews on the land, including State lands and waste land not required for public use" played a role in British considerations throughout the evolving disputes. However, Mandate officials acknowledged this fact very rarely.
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Ma'agan Michael was officially founded on 25 August 1949, when the first members began settling the present site by erecting there wooden huts prepared by carpenters in Rehovot. The kibbutz started with a total of 154 members and 44 children.
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was opened, and many ulpan graduates later joined the ranks of the kibbutz membership. The ulpan became popular and successful, and has completed more than 100 5-month-long courses with thousands of graduates.
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Together with the Israel-born members, the kibbutz membership has a heterogeneity of origins. It has absorbed members with origins from all over the world. Many members came from Arab countries (
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Throughout the Mandate the British authorities and PICA attempted to enter into settlements with the local population, and subsequently to remove them from the land. The PICA undertook
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projects by draining the Kabbara marshes in the 1920s and foresting some parts of Barrat Qisarya, but the Arab population remained in place until the end of the Mandate period.
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in Israel with a population of 1,412, consisting of 791 members and candidates for membership, 383 children, plus non-member residents, soldiers, and ulpanists.
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which would eventually establish the settlement at its permanent location in 1949, first joined together in 1942, most of its members coming from the
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Most of the agricultural land of the kibbutz was reclaimed from the Kabarra swampland, most of which had been drained in the 1920s (see above).
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A small area the Kabarra marshes, otherwise drained in the 1920s, remains swamplike and is used as pasture for horses and as a nature reserve.
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1016:"Colonialism, Colonization, and Land Law in Mandate Palestine: The Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya Land Disputes in Historical Perspective"
967:"Colonialism, Colonization, and Land Law in Mandate Palestine: The Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya Land Disputes in Historical Perspective"
921:"Colonialism, Colonization, and Land Law in Mandate Palestine: The Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya Land Disputes in Historical Perspective"
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courses) per year. The ulpan is a central part of the identity of Ma'agan Michael. Over 25% of the members of the kibbutz are graduates.
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Suron is a factory established by the kibbutz to produce precise metal parts using photochemical etching and electroforming, and also
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food. All these changes are being approached slowly and deliberately to try to preserve the kibbutz's communal values.
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overlaid. The label "Arab el-Ghawarina" refers to the largest of the two bedouin groups which lived on the land.
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where 38 Israelis were killed. First, however, the terrorists shot and killed American nature photographer
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Ma'agan Michael's agricultural endeavors includes field crops and orchards. Field crops are grown on 1600
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In the early years the kibbutz took in many disadvantaged youngsters and youth groups (youth aliyah). An
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Ma'agan Michael is among Israel's largest and most financially independent kibbutzim.
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All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948
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on a beach just outside Ma'agan Michael and from there ventured towards
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611:) hill. Some of this land was reclaimed from Kabarra swamp. The nearby
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The second part of the name comes from Michael Pollack, founder of the
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899:. 2008 temporary exhibition at the Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv.
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This Plastic-fueled Kibbutz Is Thriving, but Can It Stay That Way?
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Kibbutz volunteer working in the groves of Ma'agan Michael, 1969
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nature reserve lies south of the kibbutz and is the site of an
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The Kabarra swampland was drained in the 1920s with money from
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885:(in Hebrew) on the kibbutz homepage. Accessed 21 Oct 2023.
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The area was depopulated of its Arab residents during the
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The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited
439:. The group stayed in Pardess Hanna until the end of
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532:in a hijacked bus in what has become known as the
359:, with the modern layouts of Ma'agan Michael and
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466:relocated the group to a temporary settlement in
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1203:English team playing football in Ma'agan Michael
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435:), and were undergoing preparatory training at
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326:, or Zor al-Zarqa (the latter referring to the
1014:Forman, Geremy; Kedar, Alexandre (July 2003).
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965:Forman, Geremy; Kedar, Alexandre (July 2003).
919:Forman, Geremy; Kedar, Alexandre (July 2003).
412:The group was originally based in a temporary
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1199:Jewish News of Greater Phoenix, 16 April 1999
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719:officer, has founded a pre-military program (
603:The original site was a windswept, treeless
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572:The kibbutz is located 30 km south of
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346:Palestine Jewish Colonization Association
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282:. In 2022 it had a population of 2,074.
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761:(1926–2018), founding President of the
732:Since 1958 Ma'agan Michael has run two
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1113:. Cambridge University Press. p.
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824:. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics
278:, it falls under the jurisdiction of
1463:Populated places established in 1949
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752:(1924–1994), sixth commander of the
451:, worked in other kibbutzim, in the
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619:(1.6 km) in surface area. The
548:The kibbutz has become the largest
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1478:Populated places in Haifa District
1212:Younes and Soraya Nazarian Library
1208:Kibbutz Ma'agan Michael Collection
596:. It is north of an Arab village,
77:Show map of Haifa region of Israel
14:
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1197:Yugoslav refugees head for Israel
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770:(1923–1995), member of the ninth
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483:Foundation at current site (1949)
322:The area was previously known as
1157:Among the Last of the Socialists
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1078:Institute for Palestine Studies
708:Pre-military and Hebrew courses
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1473:Archaeological sites in Israel
1210:on the Digital collections of
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580:and lies near the edge of the
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340:(uninhabited/uncultivated). A
46:Etymology: Michael's Anchorage
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1468:1949 establishments in Israel
1448:Hof HaCarmel Regional Council
1249:Hof HaCarmel Regional Council
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588:, south of bordering kibbutz
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280:Hof HaCarmel Regional Council
1023:Theoretical Inquiries in Law
974:Theoretical Inquiries in Law
928:Theoretical Inquiries in Law
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462:In 1946 the HQ Staff of the
398:Settlement group before 1949
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258:Michael's Anchorage) is a
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727:Mechinat Minsharim Kalu
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1035:10.2202/1565-3404.1074
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704:high-tech industries.
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386:1948 war and aftermath
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16:Place in Haifa, Israel
1378:Community settlements
1214:, University of Haifa
822:"Regional Statistics"
779:(1935–2005), British
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534:Coastal Road massacre
522:Palestinian militants
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342:government concession
136:32.55694°N 34.91694°E
896:The Song of Concrete
799:Walk on Water (film)
794:Ma'agan Michael Ship
1117:, settlement #128.
763:University of Haifa
592:, and north of the
368:made an exception.
357:Survey of Palestine
355:1940s map from the
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1143:2015-04-16 at the
903:2019-12-24 at the
725:) in the kibbutz,
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392:1948 Palestine war
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344:was leased to the
141:32.55694; 34.91694
107:Show map of Israel
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1124:978-0-521-00967-6
582:Mediterranean Sea
373:land amelioration
318:Kabara concession
268:Mediterranean Sea
266:. Located on the
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1427:Meir Shfeya
1338:Geva Carmel
777:Janet Reger
736:(intensive
713:Muki Betser
668:Agriculture
590:Ma'ayan Zvi
492:Early years
328:Zarqa River
195:Affiliation
139: /
1442:Categories
1417:Kfar Galim
1358:Nir Etzion
1318:Bat Shlomo
1270:Ein Carmel
883:"About us"
805:References
768:Meir Zorea
538:Gail Rubin
524:landed in
313:Background
224:Population
214:Founded by
124:32°33′25″N
1453:Kibbutzim
1333:Ein Ayala
1290:Nahsholim
1265:Beit Oren
1257:Kibbutzim
1043:143607114
994:143607114
948:143607114
609:Eolianite
605:sandstone
560:Geography
403:The group
127:34°55′1″E
1412:Ein Hawd
1391:Caesarea
1310:Moshavim
1300:Sdot Yam
1295:Neve Yam
1275:HaHotrim
1141:Archived
1107:(2004).
1066:(1992).
901:Archived
828:21 March
788:See also
783:designer
781:lingerie
717:commando
688:Industry
629:aqueduct
627:dam and
584:west of
578:Tel Aviv
530:Tel Aviv
416:camp in
171:District
1396:Ein Hod
1353:Megadim
1343:HaBonim
1161:Haaretz
1138:Profile
847:Haaretz
772:Knesset
722:mechina
693:Plasson
655:Economy
649:Morocco
645:Tunisia
550:kibbutz
468:Rehovot
464:Haganah
449:Palmach
437:Ein Gev
429:Austria
425:Germany
308:History
294:Ma'agan
260:kibbutz
232:Website
206:Founded
183:Council
152:Country
30:
1368:Tzrufa
1121:
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946:
738:Hebrew
734:ulpans
674:dunams
617:dunams
447:, the
324:Kabara
302:Nesher
276:Hadera
264:Israel
248:Hebrew
164:Israel
161:
1386:Atlit
1147:MADAN
1039:S2CID
1019:(PDF)
990:S2CID
970:(PDF)
944:S2CID
924:(PDF)
574:Haifa
498:ulpan
337:mawat
334:, as
272:Haifa
227:2,074
176:Haifa
1363:Ofer
1119:ISBN
1115:xxii
1082:ISBN
830:2024
641:Iraq
472:Sten
457:Sdom
427:and
289:Name
274:and
256:lit.
1328:Dor
1031:doi
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