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assume their green coloration. The larva is green with two grey stripes bordered in cream along the sides and with a horn at the rear end typical of sphingids. The horn is purplish red, changing to blue with an orange tip in the last instar. They feed fully exposed on the top of the host plant and
329:
Two or more broods are produced each year. The adult may be encountered at any time of the year, especially in the south of the range, where there may be three or four broods. It overwinters as an adult in a crevice among rocks, trees, and buildings. On very warm days it may emerge to feed in
443:
In the southern parts of its range, the hummingbird hawk-moth is highly active even when temperatures are high, and thoracic temperatures above 45 °C (113 °F) have been measured. This is among the highest recorded for hawk-moths, and near the limit for insect muscle activity.
717:
and avoid competition from other insects. Flowers with longer tubes typically present the feeding animal a higher nectar reward. Proboscis length is thought to have been evolutionarily impacted by the length of flower feeding tubes. Examples of such plants include
594:
visual system, and are most sensitive to wavelength in the range of 349-521 nm. They have been shown to discriminate a wavelength difference as small as 1â2 nm between sources. This discrimination is even more precise than
520:
288:
from
Portugal to Japan, but it breeds mainly in warmer climates (southern Europe, North Africa, and points east). Three generations are produced in a year in Spain. There is evidence that the population in the
293:
is actively expanding its range, as numbers have been consistently increasing. In addition, it is believed that this population is becoming resident instead of migratory, as warmer temperatures due to
1439:
462:
829:
Li, Jun; Zhang, Yaoyao; Hu, Kunjie; Zhao, Yaqi; Lin, Ruirui; Li, Yan; Huang, Zhuoran; Zhang, Xu; Geng, Xuexia (2018-07-01). "Mitochondrial genome characteristics of two
Sphingidae insects (
321:, also of the family Sphingidae, are known as "hummingbird moths" in the US, and "bee moths" in Europe. This sometimes causes confusion between this species and the North American genus.
1463:
Johnson, Steven D.; Moré, Marcela; Amorim, Felipe W.; Haber, William A.; Frankie, Gordon W.; Stanley, Dara A.; Cocucci, Andrea A.; Raguso, Robert A. (January 2017). Nicolson, Sue (ed.).
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engages in free hovering flight, which allows more maneuverability and control than fixed-wing flight, despite high energetic cost. Like many large insects, it relies upon
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The hummingbird hawkmoth's visual abilities have been studied extensively, and they have demonstrated a relatively good ability to learn colours. They have a
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The forewings are brown, with black wavy lines across them, while the hindwings are orange with a black edge. The abdomen is quite broad, with a fan-tail of
1435:
1554:
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The glossy pale green ova (eggs) are spherical with a 1-millimetre (0.04 in) diameter. They are said to look like the flower buds of the host plant
189:
1579:
Telles, Francismeire Jane; Lind, Olle; Henze, Miriam Judith (20 February 2014). "Out of the blue: the spectral sensitivity of hummingbird hawkmoths".
486:
562:. It flies during the day, especially in bright sunshine, but also at dusk, dawn, and even in the rain, which is unusual for even diurnal hawkmoths.
344:, and that is where the female lays them. They hatch 6 to 8 days after laying. Up to 200 eggs may be laid by one female, each on a separate plant.
1937:
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912:
812:. These moths, along with other moths, are in the family Sphingidae because their larvae were thought to resemble the Egyptian Sphinx.
304:
It is a strong flier, dispersing widely in the summer. However it rarely survives the winter in northern latitudes (e.g. north of the
544:(25â28 mm (1.0â1.1 in)) and its hovering behavior, accompanied by an audible humming noise, make it look remarkably like a
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17:
450:
1301:
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2026:
1616:
Farina, WM; VarjĂș, D; Zhou, Y (1994). "The regulation of distance to dummy flowers during hovering flight in the hawk moth
420:
558:, members of the same family and with similar appearance and behavior. The resemblance to hummingbirds is an example of
1839:
1758:
1217:
Yao, J.; Yeo, K. S. (2019-05-30). "Free hovering of hummingbird hawkmoth and effects of wing mass and wing elevation".
224:
Distribution map: yellow, winter in the
Northern Hemisphere; green, year round; blue, summer in the Northern Hemisphere
1262:"Independent control of slow and fast flight manoeuvres in insects: the roles of vision and antennal mechanoreception"
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rest in among a tangle of stems. Although dependent on warmth and sun, the larval stage can be as rapid as 20 days.
1996:
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Kelber, Almut; Warrant, Eric; Basil el Jundi; Charalabidis, Alice; Heinze, Stanley; Stöckl, Anna (2016-05-17).
784:. They are reported to trap-line, that is, to return to the same flower beds at about the same time each day.
502:
1924:
41:
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1787:
1465:"The long and the short of it: a global analysis of hawkmoth pollination niches and interaction networks"
613:, the nocturnal elephant hawkmoth. Their food preference is based mainly on visual identification, while
73:
1792:
1056:"Differential investment in visual and olfactory brain areas reflects behavioural choices in hawk moths"
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2016:
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mid-winter. Unlike other moths, they have no sexual dimorphism in the size of their antennal lobes.
2011:
2001:
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Faucheux, Michel J. (2013-03-01). "Sensillum types on the proboscis of the
Lepidoptera: a review".
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2021:
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Herrera, Carlos M. (1992-02-01). "Activity pattern and thermal biology of a dayâflying hawkmoth (
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55:
2006:
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410:. They are enclosed in loose silken cocoons among the host plant debris or on the ground among
1260:
Kelber, Almut; Sane, Sanjay P.; Foster, James J.; Stöckl, Anna; Dahake, Ajinkya (2018-02-04).
1991:
1968:
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552:. It should not be confused with the moths called hummingbird moths in North America, genus
220:
1813:
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1122:
Herrera, Carlos M. (1992). "Activity pattern and thermal biology of a day-flying hawkmoth (
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while feeding on flowers. Like hummingbirds, it feeds on flowers which have tube-shaped
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892:(Linnaeus, 1758) at a Mediterranean area of South of Spain (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)".
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RodrĂguez-GironĂ©s, Miguel A.; Kelber, Almut; Telles, Francismeire J. (2016-02-15).
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Hummingbird hawk-moths can be easily seen in gardens, parks, meadows, bushes, and
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Adults are particularly fond of nectar-rich flowers with a long and narrow
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276:. As of 2018, its entire genome and mitogenome have been sequenced.
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796:. In particular, a swarm of the moths was seen flying across the
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at the end. The wingspan is 40â45 millimetres (1.6â1.8 in).
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The hummingbird hawk-moth is distributed throughout the northern
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Larva of same, Hampshire, UK, while on prepupational walkabout
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preference relies upon olfactory identification. Compared to
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while hovering in the air; this resemblance is an example of
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1384:"Wavelength discrimination in the hummingbird hawkmoth
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1259:
992:
P. Waring and M. Townsend. 2003, and later editions
713:, since they can then take advantage of their long
888:Cuadrado, M. (2017). "The year-round phenology of
839:International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
792:Hummingbird hawk-moths have been seen as a lucky
468:The wing action is frozen in this photo by using
1983:
1671:Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
913:"Record summer for 'hummingbirds' in UK gardens"
1615:
1578:
994:Field Guide to the Moths of Britain and Ireland
1436:"Hummingbird Hawk Moth | Moth Migration"
1176:Annales de la Société Entomologique de France
911:Ornithology, British Trust for (2022-08-10).
828:
246:. The species is named for its similarity to
887:
1709:Hummingbird Moth - Species info & Facts
910:
402:are pale brownish with a prominent, keeled
1547:"Featured Creature: Hummingbird Hawk-Moth"
1126:) under Mediterranean summer conditions".
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940:) under Mediterranean summer conditions".
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837:) and implications for their phylogeny".
406:, and two sharp spines at the end of the
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1022:The Hawkmoths of the Western Palaearctic
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661:, where the preferred food plants grow (
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577:
219:
1363:from the original on September 17, 2023
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998:
935:
496:extended, drinking nectar from a flower
14:
1984:
1321:
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1216:
1112:
426:Pupa (2 weeks old) of hummingbird hawk
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1687:Sphingidae of the Western Palaearctic
1656:"69.010 BF1984 Hummingbird Hawk-moth
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1456:
1871:4a8bdd38-9e04-409c-a397-5d93cd4da864
1169:
1167:
1049:
1047:
1045:
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356:are clear yellow, and in the second
1622:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
1581:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
917:BTO - British Trust for Ornithology
24:
1572:
1453:
1210:
1140:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1992.tb01038.x
954:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1992.tb01038.x
684:) but have been recorded on other
570:for body positioning information.
242:found across temperate regions of
25:
2043:
1649:
1527:from the original on 10 June 2016
1324:"Colour learning in the hawkmoth
1164:
1038:
641:One of the preferred habitats of
516:
501:
485:
461:
449:
419:
381:
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72:
1557:from the original on 2019-06-12
1539:
1521:"Hummingbird moths colonise UK"
1513:
1442:from the original on 2022-05-20
1428:
1392:Journal of Experimental Biology
1375:
1336:Journal of Experimental Biology
1304:from the original on 2020-10-30
1253:
1231:10.1016/j.compfluid.2019.04.007
279:
1666:. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
986:
929:
904:
881:
851:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.159
822:
625:have a much smaller number of
261:The hummingbird hawk-moth was
13:
1:
815:
787:
672:Their larvae usually feed on
324:
1188:10.1080/00379271.2013.767514
535:
297:are allowing individuals to
7:
2027:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
894:Revista de Lepidopterologia
472:. This picture was shot in
456:Closeup of its compound eye
10:
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1593:10.1007/s00359-014-0888-0
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69:Scientific classification
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34:
1759:Macroglossum stellatarum
1729:Macroglossum stellatarum
1677:Pittaway, A. R. (2018).
1658:Macroglossum stellatarum
1618:Macroglossum stellatarum
1386:Macroglossum stellatarum
1326:Macroglossum stellatarum
1124:Macroglossum stellatarum
1024:. London: Harley Books.
1020:Pittaway, A. R. (1993).
938:Macroglossum stellatarum
890:Macroglossum stellatarum
835:Macroglossum stellatarum
393:
375:Macroglossum stellatarum
308:in Europe, north of the
235:Macroglossum stellatarum
178:Macroglossum stellatarum
18:Macroglossum stellatarum
1997:Moths described in 1758
1489:10.1111/1365-2435.12753
633:Habitat and host plants
1349:10.1242/jeb.199.5.1127
1322:Kelber, Almut (1996).
1219:Computers & Fluids
654:
587:
333:
225:
35:Hummingbird hawk-moth
1523:. BBC. 10 June 2016.
1128:Ecological Entomology
942:Ecological Entomology
640:
582:Nectaring process on
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230:hummingbird hawk-moth
223:
1866:Fauna Europaea (new)
560:convergent evolution
256:convergent evolution
1481:2017FuEco..31..101J
1072:2016NatSR...626041S
831:Psilogramma increta
643:M. stellatarum
623:M. stellatarum
315:Moths in the genus
160:M. stellatarum
1634:10.1007/bf00193790
1553:. 11 August 2015.
1469:Functional Ecology
1405:10.1242/jeb.130484
1178:. Nouvelle SĂ©rie.
1060:Scientific Reports
669:and many others).
655:
610:Deilephila elpenor
588:
238:) is a species of
226:
208:Sphinx stellatarum
1979:
1978:
1964:Open Tree of Life
1721:Taxon identifiers
1660:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
1080:10.1038/srep26041
1031:978-0-946589-21-0
806:Normandy landings
804:, the day of the
586:(5 frames/second)
568:Johnston's organs
530:Slow motion video
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16:(Redirected from
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2032:Animal migration
2017:Moths of Iceland
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2012:Moths of Europe
2002:Moths of Africa
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900:(180): 625â633.
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615:D. elpenor
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27:Species of moth
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1681:Macroglossum
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269:in his 1758
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248:hummingbirds
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147:Macroglossum
146:
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1892:iNaturalist
1767:AfroMoths:
1753:Wikispecies
1367:October 21,
1149:10261/44693
963:10261/44693
845:: 592â600.
721:Centranthus
691:Centranthus
663:honeysuckle
546:hummingbird
412:leaf litter
126:Lepidoptera
1986:Categories
1561:2019-05-30
1446:2022-04-25
1308:2019-05-30
1272:: 222448.
1225:: 99â127.
922:2024-05-31
816:References
788:In culture
325:Life cycle
299:overwinter
136:Sphingidae
106:Arthropoda
49:In flight
1414:0022-0949
1247:145969157
1239:0045-7930
1196:0037-9271
1134:: 52â56.
1088:2045-2322
1066:: 26041.
972:1365-2311
859:0141-8130
739:Nicotiana
715:proboscis
703:Epilobium
697:Stellaria
686:Rubiaceae
674:bedstraws
627:ommatidia
542:proboscis
540:Its long
536:Behaviour
494:proboscis
408:cremaster
404:proboscis
373:Larva of
286:Old World
252:proboscis
240:hawk moth
154:Species:
92:Kingdom:
86:Eukaryota
1914:MaBENA:
1777:BioLib:
1770:MACRSTEL
1738:Wikidata
1642:39694791
1609:10608475
1601:24553915
1555:Archived
1525:Archived
1507:28344378
1440:Archived
1422:26747900
1361:Archived
1302:Archived
1298:30526849
1204:84400239
1158:85320151
1106:27185464
980:85320151
867:29501752
733:Buddleia
727:Jasminum
584:Buddleja
550:corollae
310:Caucasus
199:Synonyms
186:Linnaeus
132:Family:
102:Phylum:
96:Animalia
82:Domain:
63:At rest
1969:3093456
1884:1864652
1744:Q369034
1664:UKMoths
1551:pbs.org
1531:10 June
1498:5363726
1477:Bibcode
1357:9318956
1289:6303104
1266:bioRxiv
1097:4869021
1068:Bibcode
875:3983266
808:in the
781:Stachys
763:Verbena
757:Syringa
745:Primula
678:madders
555:Hemaris
510:Verbena
318:Hemaris
244:Eurasia
142:Genus:
122:Order:
116:Insecta
112:Class:
1943:524428
1858:443702
1845:306842
1832:MACGST
1819:396579
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769:Echium
700:, and
574:Vision
432:Adults
358:instar
354:larvae
348:Larvae
341:Galium
1904:LoB:
1897:56293
1840:EUNIS
1806:3X598
1793:75919
1780:51188
1638:S2CID
1605:S2CID
1331:(PDF)
1243:S2CID
1200:S2CID
1154:S2CID
976:S2CID
871:S2CID
802:D-Day
775:Phlox
751:Viola
711:calyx
682:Rubia
649:with
492:With
438:setae
400:pupae
394:Pupae
1938:NCBI
1907:5200
1879:GBIF
1827:EPPO
1788:BOLD
1694:2018
1597:PMID
1533:2016
1503:PMID
1418:PMID
1410:ISSN
1369:2011
1353:PMID
1294:PMID
1235:ISSN
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1026:ISBN
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855:ISSN
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688:and
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306:Alps
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1956:760
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1144:hdl
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