29:
348:
714:
710:
260:
signed a long-term supply agreement. It followed by signing the
Moroccan Convention establishing the procedures for the construction, operation and use of the pipeline. At the same year, the project company Europe - Maghreb Pipeline Ltd. was established. In 1994, Transgas of Portugal) joined the
336:(Spain), Transgas, and the Moroccan state. The length of the Andalusian section is 269 kilometres (167 mi), and the Portuguese section 269 kilometres (167 mi) (in addition, there are 270 kilometres (170 mi) of pipeline in the autonomous community of Extremadura).
264:
The pipeline came on stream on 1 November 1996 and it was commissioned on 9 November 1996. The
Spanish section was inaugurated in Cordoba on 9 December 1996. The Portuguese section was inaugurated on 27 February 1997. In 2000, the pipeline was named after Pedro or
409:
405:
311:
The
Algerian section of pipeline, 515 kilometres (320 mi) long, runs from the Hassi R'mel field in Algeria to the Moroccan border. It is owned and operated by the Algerian national state-owned oil company,
276:
between
Algeria and Morocco in August 2021, Algeria decided not to renew the 25-year MGE operation contract, which expired at midnight on 31 October 2021, opting instead to supply Spain through the
512:
296:. The pipeline consists of five sections. The pipeline's Algerian, Moroccan and Andalusian sections are 48 inches (1,200 mm) in diameter; the link to Portugal through
743:
772:
442:
28:
1126:
793:
249:
dispute, any route from
Algeria through Morocco to Spain was prevented. Also natural gas consumption in Spain was too low to justify the pipeline construction.
233:
gas grids. Before the operation of the pipeline ceased in
October 2021, it used to supply mainly Spain and Portugal, as well as Morocco with natural gas.
504:
266:
1136:
1217:
534:
482:
252:
The project started in early 1990s. In 1992, ministers of Spain and
Algeria agreed to start the construction of the pipeline. At the same time
1267:
980:
818:
303:
An initial capacity of the pipeline was 8.6 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas per year, which was later expanded to 12 bcm.
570:
273:
300:
is 28 inches (710 mm)/32 inches (810 mm) in diameter; and the underwater sections consist of two 22-inch (560 mm) lines.
1237:
317:
241:
The
Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline was first proposed in 1963 by French companies. This proposal foresaw prolongation of the pipeline to
1232:
1222:
886:
1282:
321:
1277:
1272:
1257:
1227:
1242:
1287:
1262:
933:
735:
1252:
1247:
1086:
660:
632:
607:
764:
685:
431:
1141:
1081:
1061:
964:
848:
1076:
844:
1106:
1181:
1121:
943:
1116:
1028:
959:
1171:
928:
879:
1101:
1096:
381:
366:
1186:
1146:
1111:
1071:
918:
579:
923:
545:
535:"Algerian Gas to Europe: The Transmed Pipeline and Early Spanish Gas Import Projects. Working Paper #27"
316:. The 522 kilometres (324 mi) long Moroccan section is owned by the Moroccan State and operated by
288:
The pipeline is 1,620 kilometres (1,010 mi) long and it cost US$ 2.3 billion. It was built by
1151:
938:
376:
464:
1196:
1176:
826:
1007:
872:
206:
572:
How the Major
Barriers to Cross-Border Gas Trade were Overcome in the Case of the Maghreb Pipeline
1002:
583:
1161:
1156:
903:
328:), Transgas (Portugal), and SNPP (Morocco). The length of the offshore section crossing the
1131:
1091:
1053:
8:
1012:
994:
541:
329:
1043:
1191:
474:
467:[Duran Farell, the industrialist who introduced natural gas in Spain, dies].
406:"As Europe seeks alternatives to Russian gas, Algeria has pipeline capacity to spare"
95:
218:
105:
505:"Pere Duran Farell, el visionario que trajo el gas natural a la España del butano"
895:
664:
636:
611:
736:"Europe's energy crisis: Spain presses Algeria to guarantee natural gas supply"
689:
544:, Program on Energy and Sustainable Development. pp. 26–27. Archived from
246:
77:
840:
1211:
1166:
478:
437:
353:
465:"Fallece Duran Farell, el industrial introductor del gas natural en España"
325:
297:
202:
1066:
242:
469:
313:
253:
222:
147:
132:
333:
257:
151:
136:
688:. Inter Press Service English News Wire. 1996-12-11. Archived from
230:
59:
864:
183:
12 billion cubic meters per year (not in operation from 2021)
711:"Portuguese section of Maghreb-European gas pipeline inaugurated"
347:
289:
214:
210:
91:
81:
51:
47:
1038:
361:
293:
277:
661:"Algeria aims for 15% of European gas market via new pipeline"
371:
226:
109:
55:
435:[Pere Duran Farell gas pipeline, by Enric Juliana].
686:"Spanish section of Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline opened"
332:
is 45 kilometres (28 mi); it is owned jointly by
841:"Select Transnational Gas/Oil Projects within Africa"
343:
399:
397:
261:project. Construction started on 11 October 1994.
33:
Location of
Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline (in yellow)
765:"Algeria to halt gas exports to Spain via Morocco"
430:
1209:
432:"Gasoducto Pere Duran Farell, por Enric Juliana"
394:
655:
653:
568:
532:
16:Natural gas pipeline linking Africa and Europe
880:
633:"Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline comes on stream"
229:, where it is connected with the Spanish and
650:
625:
608:"Work begins on Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline"
600:
663:. Europe Energy. 1996-11-22. Archived from
635:. Europe Energy. 1996-11-08. Archived from
610:. Europe Energy. 1994-10-14. Archived from
887:
873:
578:. Cross Border Gas Trade Issues Workshop.
27:
786:
703:
283:
1218:Energy infrastructure completed in 1996
562:
462:
1210:
678:
306:
1268:Pipelines under the Mediterranean Sea
868:
502:
833:
526:
403:
245:in France. However, because of the
894:
13:
14:
1299:
1238:Natural gas pipelines in Portugal
845:Energy Information Administration
274:breakdown of diplomatic relations
1233:Natural gas pipelines in Morocco
1223:Natural gas pipelines in Algeria
384: – Europe-Africa fixed link
346:
1283:1996 establishments in Portugal
851:from the original on 2009-04-26
811:
775:from the original on 2021-11-04
757:
746:from the original on 2021-11-04
728:
717:from the original on 2012-10-20
515:from the original on 2022-08-01
485:from the original on 2022-08-01
445:from the original on 2022-08-01
412:from the original on 2022-03-24
1278:1996 establishments in Morocco
1273:1996 establishments in Algeria
1228:Natural gas pipelines in Spain
1029:La Camocha, Asturias coal mine
713:. Algerian Radio. 1997-02-27.
496:
463:Horcajo, Xavier (1999-07-11).
456:
423:
1:
819:"Maghreb-Europe Gas Pipeline"
569:Pedro Moraleda (2002-03-26).
388:
175:1,620 km (1,010 mi)
1288:1996 establishments in Spain
382:Strait of Gibraltar crossing
367:Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline
7:
1127:La Magascona and Magasquila
1034:Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline
580:International Energy Agency
533:Hayes, Mark H. (May 2004).
404:Wang, Herman (2022-01-28).
339:
191:Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline
22:Maghreb–Europe Gas Pipeline
10:
1304:
1258:Morocco–Portugal relations
794:"Gas Pipeline For Algeria"
503:Tomàs, Neus (2021-11-06).
441:(in Spanish). 2021-10-30.
377:Trans-Saharan gas pipeline
236:
205:pipeline, which links the
195:Pere Duran Farell pipeline
1243:Algeria–Morocco relations
1052:
1021:
993:
973:
952:
911:
902:
324:(a subsidiary of Spanish
179:
171:
166:
158:
143:
128:
120:
115:
101:
87:
73:
65:
43:
38:
26:
21:
1263:Portugal–Spain relations
193:(MEG; also known as the
1253:Morocco–Spain relations
1248:Algeria–Spain relations
1137:Lucainena de las Torres
199:Gazoduc Maghreb Europe
135:, Kingdom of Morocco,
981:Santa María de Garoña
320:, a joint venture of
284:Technical description
207:Hassi R'Mel gas field
167:Technical information
1122:Hoya de Los Vicentes
542:Stanford University
330:Strait of Gibraltar
307:Route and operators
116:General information
1087:Casas de Los Pinos
1044:Teruel Power Plant
798:The New York Times
408:. S&P Global.
1205:
1204:
1192:Termosolar Borges
989:
988:
267:Pere Duran Farell
187:
186:
180:Maximum discharge
96:Mediterranean Sea
66:General direction
1295:
909:
908:
889:
882:
875:
866:
865:
860:
859:
857:
856:
837:
831:
830:
825:. Archived from
815:
809:
808:
806:
805:
790:
784:
783:
781:
780:
761:
755:
754:
752:
751:
732:
726:
725:
723:
722:
707:
701:
700:
698:
697:
682:
676:
675:
673:
672:
657:
648:
647:
645:
644:
629:
623:
622:
620:
619:
604:
598:
597:
595:
594:
588:
582:. Archived from
577:
566:
560:
559:
557:
556:
550:
539:
530:
524:
523:
521:
520:
500:
494:
493:
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434:
427:
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401:
356:
351:
350:
31:
19:
18:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1048:
1017:
985:
969:
965:Valdecaballeros
948:
898:
896:Energy in Spain
893:
863:
854:
852:
839:
838:
834:
817:
816:
812:
803:
801:
792:
791:
787:
778:
776:
763:
762:
758:
749:
747:
734:
733:
729:
720:
718:
709:
708:
704:
695:
693:
684:
683:
679:
670:
668:
659:
658:
651:
642:
640:
631:
630:
626:
617:
615:
606:
605:
601:
592:
590:
586:
575:
567:
563:
554:
552:
548:
537:
531:
527:
518:
516:
501:
497:
488:
486:
461:
457:
448:
446:
429:
428:
424:
415:
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402:
395:
391:
352:
345:
342:
309:
286:
239:
162:1 November 1996
94:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1301:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
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1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1152:Osa de la Vega
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
997:
991:
990:
987:
986:
984:
983:
977:
975:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
956:
954:
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
915:
913:
906:
904:Nuclear plants
900:
899:
892:
891:
884:
877:
869:
862:
861:
832:
829:on 2012-04-25.
810:
785:
771:. 2021-11-01.
756:
742:. 2021-10-28.
727:
702:
677:
649:
624:
599:
561:
525:
511:(in Spanish).
495:
473:(in Spanish).
455:
422:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
379:
374:
369:
364:
358:
357:
341:
338:
308:
305:
285:
282:
272:Following the
247:Western Sahara
238:
235:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
145:
141:
140:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
113:
112:
103:
99:
98:
89:
88:Passes through
85:
84:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1300:
1289:
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1234:
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1226:
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1221:
1219:
1216:
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1213:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:Puerto Errado
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:Elgea-Urkilla
1006:
1004:
1003:El Marquesado
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
992:
982:
979:
978:
976:
972:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
914:
910:
907:
905:
901:
897:
890:
885:
883:
878:
876:
871:
870:
867:
850:
846:
842:
836:
828:
824:
820:
814:
799:
795:
789:
774:
770:
766:
760:
745:
741:
737:
731:
716:
712:
706:
692:on 2012-10-26
691:
687:
681:
667:on 2012-10-26
666:
662:
656:
654:
639:on 2012-10-26
638:
634:
628:
614:on 2012-10-26
613:
609:
603:
589:on 2007-09-30
585:
581:
574:
573:
565:
551:on 2012-02-25
547:
543:
536:
529:
514:
510:
506:
499:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:
466:
459:
444:
440:
439:
438:La Vanguardia
433:
426:
411:
407:
400:
398:
393:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
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355:
354:Energy portal
349:
344:
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331:
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323:
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304:
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281:
279:
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270:
268:
262:
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255:
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234:
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228:
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220:
216:
212:
208:
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200:
196:
192:
182:
178:
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170:
165:
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157:
153:
149:
146:
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138:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
1117:Guadarranque
1107:Fuente Álamo
1033:
1022:Fossil fuels
934:José Cabrera
853:. Retrieved
835:
827:the original
822:
813:
802:. Retrieved
800:. 1993-08-02
797:
788:
777:. Retrieved
768:
759:
748:. Retrieved
739:
730:
719:. Retrieved
705:
694:. Retrieved
690:the original
680:
669:. Retrieved
665:the original
641:. Retrieved
637:the original
627:
616:. Retrieved
612:the original
602:
591:. Retrieved
584:the original
571:
564:
553:. Retrieved
546:the original
528:
517:. Retrieved
508:
498:
487:. Retrieved
468:
458:
447:. Retrieved
436:
425:
414:. Retrieved
310:
302:
287:
271:
263:
251:
240:
201:– GME) is a
198:
194:
190:
188:
159:Commissioned
150:, Metragaz,
1172:Puertollano
1054:Solar power
509:ElDiario.es
326:Gas Natural
298:Extremadura
203:natural gas
124:natural gas
78:Hassi R'Mel
69:south-north
1212:Categories
1142:Monte Alto
1097:El Coronil
1082:Calasparra
1067:Alvarado I
995:Wind farms
855:2009-07-29
804:2009-07-29
779:2021-11-04
769:Africanews
750:2021-11-04
721:2009-07-29
696:2009-07-29
671:2009-07-29
643:2009-07-29
618:2009-07-29
593:2009-07-29
555:2009-07-29
519:2022-08-01
489:2022-08-01
449:2022-08-01
416:2022-03-24
389:References
280:pipeline.
243:Strasbourg
231:Portuguese
154:, Transgas
139:, Transgas
1177:Salamanca
1147:Olmedilla
1132:Lobosillo
1112:Gemasolar
1077:Beneixama
1013:Maranchon
953:Cancelled
944:Vandellòs
929:Cofrentes
479:1134-6582
314:Sonatrach
254:Sonatrach
223:Andalusia
148:Sonatrach
133:Sonatrach
1102:Extresol
1092:Dulcinea
1062:Abertura
849:Archived
773:Archived
744:Archived
740:Euronews
715:Archived
513:Archived
483:Archived
443:Archived
410:Archived
340:See also
318:Metragaz
213:through
144:Operator
129:Partners
60:Portugal
39:Location
1187:Solnova
1182:Sevilla
1072:Andasol
960:Lemóniz
919:Almaraz
470:El País
290:Bechtel
237:History
219:Cordoba
215:Morocco
211:Algeria
106:Cordoba
92:Morocco
82:Algeria
52:Morocco
48:Algeria
44:Country
1039:Medgaz
974:Closed
939:Trillo
912:Active
823:BANKRZ
477:
362:Medgaz
334:Enagás
322:Sagane
294:Saipem
278:Medgaz
258:Enagás
172:Length
152:Enagás
137:Enagás
1197:Valle
587:(PDF)
576:(PDF)
549:(PDF)
538:(PDF)
372:GALSI
227:Spain
217:with
110:Spain
56:Spain
1162:PS20
1157:PS10
924:Ascó
475:ISSN
292:and
256:and
189:The
121:Type
74:From
221:in
209:in
197:or
1214::
847:.
843:.
821:.
796:.
767:.
738:.
652:^
540:.
507:.
481:.
396:^
269:.
225:,
108:,
102:To
80:,
58:,
54:,
50:,
888:e
881:t
874:v
858:.
807:.
782:.
753:.
724:.
699:.
674:.
646:.
621:.
596:.
558:.
522:.
492:.
452:.
419:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
