301:
272:
17:
466:— likewise "were acquainted to the last detail with the... breaking Enigma. They were kept by Germans in most awful conditions when Enigma secret was still of great importance for the Western Allies. Langer and his four comrades did not reveal to the Germans, thus exploiting this source of till the end of the war."
469:
In mid-1945, liberated, Major Ciężki and Lt. Colonel Langer arrived in London, where they were badly received by
Colonel Gano, chief of the Polish Section II in Britain. Gano had believed a distorted account by Lt. Colonel Bertrand that represented the failure to evacuate Langer's group from France
454:
where, during interrogations, they managed to protect the secret of Enigma decryption. They convinced their interrogators that, while the Poles had had some success with solving the Enigma early on, changes introduced by the
Germans just before the start of the war had prevented any further
302:
478:, where Langer, bitter, disappointed, and convinced that he had been betrayed by the French when they no longer had need of him, died on 30 March 1948.
440:
695:
685:
258:
443:
were betrayed by their French guide and captured by the
Germans as they attempted to cross from German-occupied France into
675:
470:
as having been due to Langer's hesitation and lack of nerve. Langer and Ciężki were sent to a Polish signals camp at
634:
616:
660:
690:
680:
670:
665:
481:
Ciężki died on 9 November 1951, after living the last three years on subsidies from the
Assistance Board.
251:
421:
354:
221:
72:
597:
575:
557:
541:
509:
605:: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two
244:
233:
43:
25:
622:
525:
190:
655:
650:
608:
405:
77:
60:
48:
490:
436:
409:
8:
225:
451:
229:
170:
55:
208:
630:
612:
312:
347:
383:
335:
199:
413:
295:
179:
165:
84:
400:. Ciężki was also deputy to the Cipher Bureau's chief, Major (later, Lt. Col.)
602:
580:
562:
432:
217:
184:
16:
644:
463:
378:
366:
459:
401:
141:
110:
105:
462:, prewar chief of the intelligence department in Section II of the Polish
316:
308:
280:
271:
393:
343:
65:
425:
417:
475:
117:
377:
In the 1930s, Ciężki, as an army captain, was chief of the Polish
471:
328:
342:) in the 1930s, during which time—from December 1932—the Bureau
397:
362:
358:
332:
324:
320:
284:
89:
444:
365:. In 1943 he was captured by the Germans and interned in an
122:
611:, Frederick, MD, University Publications of America, 1984,
431:
In March 1943, now-Major Ciężki, Lt. Col. Langer, Lt.
458:Palluth, Fokczyński and Gaca — according to Col.
642:
323:), 24 November 1898 – 9 November 1951 in
252:
629:, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2000,
259:
245:
270:
15:
696:Polish emigrants to the United Kingdom
643:
450:Ciężki and Langer were sent to an SS
357:in September 1939, Ciężki escaped to
294:
361:to continue work on breaking Enigma
13:
14:
707:
686:People from the Province of Posen
404:, and in addition supervised the
627:Enigma: the Battle for the Code
381:Cipher Bureau's German section (
296:[maksɨˈmiljanˈt͡ɕjɛ̃ʂki]
569:
551:
535:
519:
503:
1:
591:
275:Maksymilian Ciężki Monument,
205:Russian Section cryptologist
160:German Section cryptologists
7:
676:20th-century cryptographers
607:, edited and translated by
566:, 1984, pp. 220-21, note 4.
484:
279:(Railroad Station Street),
149:Chief of Radio Intelligence
10:
712:
420:in western Poland, and at
392:). This section "broke" (
372:
496:
396:) German Enigma machine
196:Chief of Russian Section
691:Polish prisoners of war
584:, 1984, p. 221, note 4.
151:Chief of German Section
681:Cipher Bureau (Poland)
331:) was the head of the
287:
283:(Ciężki's home town),
36:Methods and technology
21:
671:Polish cryptographers
661:People from Szamotuły
623:Hugh Sebag-Montefiore
526:Hugh Sebag-Montefiore
428:in southern Poland.
274:
19:
666:Polish Army officers
609:Christopher Kasparek
369:concentration camp.
222:Stanisław Leśniewski
26:Polish Cipher Bureau
338:'s German section (
226:Stefan Mazurkiewicz
32:
598:Władysław Kozaczuk
576:Władysław Kozaczuk
558:Władysław Kozaczuk
542:Władysław Kozaczuk
510:Władysław Kozaczuk
452:concentration camp
355:invasion of Poland
353:During the German
291:Maksymilian Ciężki
288:
230:Franciszek Pokorny
191:Wiktor Michałowski
155:Maksymilian Ciężki
24:
22:
20:Maksymilian Ciężki
437:Edward Fokczyński
313:Province of Posen
269:
268:
234:Wacław Sierpiński
703:
585:
573:
567:
555:
549:
539:
533:
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78:Cryptologic bomb
33:
23:
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702:
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641:
640:
594:
589:
588:
574:
570:
556:
552:
548:, 1984, p. 220.
540:
536:
524:
520:
516:, 1984, p. 156.
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504:
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487:
414:Polish Corridor
406:radio-intercept
375:
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299:
265:
236:
232:
228:
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220:
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211:
209:Piotr Smoleński
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180:Henryk Zygalski
175:
166:Marian Rejewski
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85:Zygalski sheets
49:Enigma "double"
28:
12:
11:
5:
709:
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673:
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441:Kazimierz Gaca
435:and civilians
433:Antoni Palluth
388:, abbreviated
374:
371:
277:ulica Dworcowa
267:
266:
264:
263:
256:
249:
241:
238:
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218:Jan Kowalewski
212:
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185:Antoni Palluth
182:
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38:
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
708:
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689:
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684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
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649:
648:
646:
636:
635:0-297-84251-X
632:
628:
624:
621:
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617:0-89093-547-5
614:
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565:
564:
559:
554:
547:
543:
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531:
527:
522:
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511:
506:
502:
492:
491:List of Poles
489:
488:
482:
479:
477:
473:
467:
465:
464:General Staff
461:
456:
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448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
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411:
407:
403:
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395:
391:
387:
385:
384:Biuro Szyfrów
380:
379:General Staff
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Cipher Bureau
334:
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250:
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243:
242:
240:
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235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
206:
201:
200:Jan Graliński
197:
192:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
172:
171:Jerzy Różycki
169:
167:
164:
163:
161:
156:
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139:
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130:
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59:
57:
54:
53:
50:
47:
45:
42:
41:
40:
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35:
34:
31:
30:Biuro Szyfrów
27:
18:
626:
601:
579:
571:
561:
553:
545:
537:
529:
521:
513:
505:
480:
468:
460:Stefan Mayer
457:
455:decryption.
449:
430:
408:stations at
402:Gwido Langer
389:
382:
376:
352:
350:messages.
339:
290:
289:
276:
213:
204:
195:
159:
154:
147:Deputy Chief
146:
142:Gwido Langer
137:
111:Kabaty Woods
106:Saxon Palace
73:Card catalog
29:
656:1951 deaths
651:1898 births
422:Krzesławice
645:Categories
592:References
66:Cyclometer
532:, p. 274.
410:Starogard
394:decrypted
344:decrypted
317:Szamotuły
281:Szamotuły
131:Personnel
98:Locations
485:See also
476:Scotland
118:PC Bruno
472:Kinross
424:, near
412:in the
398:ciphers
363:ciphers
346:German
329:England
633:
615:
603:Enigma
581:Enigma
563:Enigma
546:Enigma
530:Enigma
514:Enigma
426:Kraków
418:Poznań
373:Career
359:France
348:Enigma
333:Polish
325:London
321:Poland
309:Samter
285:Poland
214:Others
90:Lacida
497:Notes
445:Spain
416:, at
315:(now
138:Chief
123:Cadix
61:Clock
56:Grill
44:"ANX"
631:ISBN
613:ISBN
447:.
439:and
390:BS-4
367:S.S.
340:BS–4
647::
625:,
600:,
578:,
560:,
544:,
528:,
512:,
474:,
386:-4
327:,
319:,
311:,
307:;
637:.
619:.
293:(
260:e
253:t
246:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
