491:
137:
6453:
5319:
645:
6441:
3898:
1886:
25:
1849:
1923:
1635:
2783:
2730:
2683:
2636:
2589:
2499:
2410:
2363:
2318:
2273:
2228:
2136:
2089:
669:'s ideology and Nehru's vision and became determined to fight for Indian independence. He became actively involved in the Indian nationalist movement and returned to Malaya. He founded the Malaya Indian Congress (renamed Malaysian Indian Congress after the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963) in August 1946, and was party president until 1947. The word 'Congress' in the party's name refers to the
771:
toured plantations and encouraged Tamils to join the MIC. This led to a fragmentation of the Indian community, with traditionalists and the lower middle class becoming prominent in the party while upper-class professionals and the intelligentsia moved away from it. Two paths to leadership emerged in the Indian community, via politics or via trade union activism, with very little interaction between them.
2543:
2455:
2183:
749:
were labourers in plantations. Indian plantation workers experienced enforced segregation because of plantation compound housing. The plantation labour system also worked against the integration of Indian workers into society and perpetuated racial and occupational differentiation. Plantation workers were unable to acquire the skills required to move to better-paying jobs.
833:. The party sponsored the Nesa Multipurpose Cooperative and the MIC Unit Trust as part of its programme for economic ventures. It also set up the MIC Education Fund for members' children and the Malaysian Indian Scholarship Fund for higher education as well as acquiring an Institute for training Indians in technical and trade skills.
757:
urged Tamils to boycott the MIC. This was followed by a call for change in MIC's leadership, led by Tamil MIC leaders, and
Devaser stepped down. The MIC then faced the challenge of reconciling the political aspirations of the middle class with the needs of the working class, who at the time comprised
852:
Samy Vellu became MIC president in 1979 and served until 2010. Under his leadership, in 1984, the MIC founded the Maju
Institute of Education Development (MIED) to offer educational opportunities and financial support to Indian students in Malaysia. Since its establishment, more than 10,000 students
752:
Migrant plantation workers were both marginalised and polarised in Malaya. Their wages were tied to rubber prices, falling when the rubber price fell, and were about 50c per day. Devaser came under heavy criticism from the Tamil media for not addressing the pressing issues facing the community. Some
857:
with the stated goal of helping
Indians acquire professional training. Vellu was the founding chancellor of the university. By 2018, the university had achieved a score of 4 on the Malaysian Higher Education Institution's 5-point rating scale. However, AIMST's commitment to training Indian students
770:
was elected as the fifth
President of the Malayan Indian Congress. Sambanthan started a recruitment campaign among plantation workers, relying on the patronage of Hinduism in its popular South Indian form, increased use of the Tamil language, and encouraging Tamil cultural activities. He personally
748:
Devaser was primarily popular among the urban-based Indian elite, and lacked wider grassroots support. For the first eight years, MIC leaders were either of North Indian or
Malayalee origin, a minority among Malayan Indians. The majority of Indians in Malaya at that time were Tamils, most of whom
782:
Sambanthan sold approximately half of his father's 2.4 km rubber estate and donated part of the money to the MIC. He was not uniformly popular but was able to gradually unite a party that had significant internal divides. During his presidency, in 1957, Malaysian independence was achieved.
774:
Under
Sambanthan's leadership, the MIC effectively became a Tamil party. Sambanthan served as president of the MIC until 1971 and was largely responsible for the transformation of the party to a conservative and traditionalist party emphasising Indian culture, religion and language. It was the
778:
The Indian community was geographically dispersed and divided and comprised less than 25% of the population in any constituency. The MIC's overriding concern was therefore to remain a partner in the
Alliance and obtain whatever concessions it could from the dominant UMNO. This led the MIC to
744:
in the
Alliance, securing a place for Indians in the administration. The party's broader membership was less enthusiastic than the MIC leadership about joining the Alliance but were willing to support the move if the party could secure concessions from the Alliance on inter-communal issues,
704:
K. Ramanathan became president in 1950. By this time, the MIC was the leading party representing
Indians in Malaya. Ramanathan advocated for the relaxation of the language proficiency test as a prerequisite for citizenship for Indians, and urged Indians to obtain federal citizenship.
686:, unifying the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administration. Although a majority of the Indian community supported the Malayan Union, the MIC did not. The Malayan Union was dissolved in 1948 after widespread Malay protests and replaced with the
840:, Datuk K. Pathmanaban, a Harvard MBA holder, and several others. They were young, well-educated and ambitious but lacked grassroots experience. Subramaniam was hand-picked by Manickavasagam to become deputy president and succeed him, but the party elected
6418:
681:
After India gained independence in 1947, the MIC changed its focus and started to fight for the independence of Malaya. Baba Budh Singh Ji became president of MIC in 1947. After World War II, the
British had established the
6260:
6310:
6275:
3718:
6280:
5839:
6135:
5864:
6300:
6270:
6245:
6125:
5874:
6330:
6315:
3835:
5899:
5884:
5819:
1692:
6255:
6130:
1573:
3578:
6290:
6120:
5859:
6250:
5879:
6165:
1600:
1557:
5307:
6265:
6508:
5285:
865:
who served from 2010 to 2014. Subramaniam was then elected, initially in an acting role, serving from 2014 to 2018. As of 2019, the party is led by
775:
weakest of the three main political parties, with the smallest electorate (7.4% in 1959) and had little support from the Indian community at large.
5269:
6478:
6345:
6201:
578:, which was in power from when the country achieved independence in 1957 until the elections in 2018. The party was among the first to fight for
6498:
6473:
6208:
6170:
753:
in the party felt that there was a need for a leader with a stronger relationship with the party's grassroots. In March 1955, the local daily
5969:
5804:
3332:
4585:
4925:
89:
3886:
2865:
1717:
826:
was being developed, and the MIC convened two economic conferences in an unsuccessful effort to advocate for the interests of Indians.
42:
61:
6025:
5300:
6503:
6080:
5824:
5759:
5664:
5380:
5345:
4615:
5446:
3743:
68:
6483:
5607:
4620:
736:. The defeat showed MIC that it stood a better chance of gaining influence by joining the Alliance. In 1954 the MIC joined the
5697:
5323:
4542:
3621:
3313:
2840:
1751:
853:
have obtained loans and scholarships totaling about RM60 million MIED fund as of 2013. In 2001, the MIC and MIED launched an
526:
6513:
6340:
6115:
5849:
5844:
5764:
5538:
5370:
5293:
75:
3346:
5964:
5713:
5669:
5646:
5398:
5249:
5244:
4053:
3653:
3361:
2860:
2835:
1787:
1743:
737:
614:
3388:
6295:
6240:
6110:
6070:
5944:
5769:
5315:
4354:
4350:
2870:
1803:
1709:
732:
and other non-communal organisations. The election ended with a failure for MIC as their coalition was defeated by the
691:
394:
717:, served from 1951 to 1955. It was during his period that MIC started to focus on the fight for Malayan independence.
57:
6493:
6355:
6235:
6075:
5692:
5507:
4780:
4330:
4282:
3828:
3398:
3371:
2855:
2845:
2825:
1777:
1761:
1725:
108:
6230:
6220:
6140:
6105:
5754:
5728:
5597:
5436:
5108:
4625:
4578:
4378:
4326:
4306:
4278:
3864:
2880:
2875:
2850:
2830:
1795:
1769:
1735:
1701:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
5723:
5548:
5431:
5375:
4810:
4374:
4302:
3586:
2760:
2707:
2660:
2613:
2567:
2523:
2479:
2434:
2387:
2342:
2297:
2252:
2207:
2160:
6055:
6050:
6030:
5894:
3879:
3554:
3437:
1992:
46:
3691:
5889:
5854:
5779:
5733:
5612:
5517:
5403:
4085:
2113:
2066:
823:
741:
618:
3503:"Political expediencies and the process of identity construction: The quest for indian identity in Malaysia"
6360:
6325:
6191:
6045:
5794:
5628:
5489:
1942:
1648:
725:
721:
621:
formed the National Alliance in 1954. The National Alliance incorporated additional parties and became the
586:
371:
6375:
6285:
6095:
5774:
5741:
5718:
5687:
5592:
4571:
3463:"The Malayan Indian Congress and Early Political Rivalry among Indian Organisations in Malaya, 1946–1950"
3163:
1966:
6488:
6431:
6380:
6350:
6060:
5464:
5413:
4835:
4635:
4547:
4219:
4153:
3946:
3610:"Unpacking 'Malaysia' and 'Malaysian Citizenship': Perspectives of Malaysian-Chinese Skilled Diasporas"
1905:
1868:
82:
3527:
6419:
List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency
6305:
6100:
6090:
6020:
5959:
5814:
5617:
5533:
5474:
4745:
4610:
4537:
3872:
3206:
2238:
2193:
2146:
2099:
886:
733:
575:
401:
6065:
5979:
5045:
4984:
3787:
3769:
3614:
Dismantling Diasporas: Rethinking the Geographies of Diasporic Identity, Connection and Development
670:
579:
6365:
6335:
6196:
5869:
5799:
5512:
5484:
5365:
5335:
5223:
5218:
5177:
4885:
4860:
4765:
4501:
4479:
4471:
4134:
1971:
729:
35:
6370:
6215:
6175:
6040:
6015:
5974:
5789:
5553:
5423:
4870:
4700:
4505:
4497:
4487:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4457:
2753:
1496:
1464:
837:
3609:
6385:
6225:
5809:
5749:
5656:
5543:
5456:
5274:
5198:
5093:
5060:
5050:
4740:
4650:
4493:
4453:
4432:
4424:
2700:
1583:
1577:
1567:
1563:
1441:
531:
469:
249:
822:
Manickavasagam served as president of MIC from 1973 to 1978. During this period, Malaysia's
6408:
6085:
5834:
5441:
5118:
5078:
4979:
4895:
4715:
4665:
4552:
4519:
4446:
4428:
4420:
4340:
4226:
4004:
3308:
687:
598:
521:
8:
6320:
5602:
5575:
5030:
4940:
4515:
4442:
4438:
4402:
4166:
4036:
3967:
2800:
1519:
866:
380:
201:
3363:
From People's War to People's Rule: Insurgency, Intervention, and the Lessons of Vietnam
836:
Manickavasagam appointed several new representatives to leadership positions, including
5989:
5784:
5638:
5622:
5499:
5469:
5259:
5208:
4948:
4905:
4800:
4735:
4416:
4196:
3930:
1302:
1264:
384:
241:
218:
3808:
829:
It was during this period that the MIC, as member of the Alliance, became part of the
676:
597:
gained its independence, MIC turned its focus to the struggle for the independence of
5829:
5679:
5254:
5228:
5142:
4971:
4755:
4660:
4600:
4243:
3824:
3617:
3560:
3550:
3443:
3433:
3394:
3367:
2335:
2290:
1653:
1395:
894:
807:
606:
231:
3894:
5954:
5479:
5390:
5213:
5152:
4989:
4915:
4900:
4795:
4760:
4645:
4463:
4316:
3902:
3502:
3474:
2793:
2746:
2693:
2646:
2599:
2553:
2509:
2465:
2420:
2373:
2328:
2283:
2245:
2200:
2153:
2106:
1372:
1322:
854:
830:
767:
629:
622:
571:
408:
376:
316:
6th floor, Menara Manicavasagam, No. 1, Jalan Rahmat, 50350 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
6457:
6445:
6413:
5357:
5131:
5065:
4999:
4935:
4910:
4880:
4750:
4725:
4710:
4685:
4388:
4364:
784:
633:
490:
345:
136:
5994:
5984:
5123:
5083:
5073:
4825:
4720:
4670:
4655:
4206:
4105:
779:
compromise on priorities such as the political and economic rights of workers.
698:
666:
658:
555:
3638:
6467:
6010:
5193:
5157:
5147:
5055:
5040:
4966:
4845:
4820:
4690:
4098:
4020:
1339:
714:
683:
3836:"National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence"
3447:
6035:
5949:
5341:
5337:
5264:
5203:
5167:
5098:
5035:
5004:
4994:
4890:
4865:
4790:
4770:
4730:
3988:
3972:
3962:
3564:
3479:
3462:
1606:
862:
783:
Sambanathan was involved in the negotiations with the British government's
695:
632:
community, but has performed poorly in elections since 2008, losing out to
610:
547:
454:
439:
5088:
5009:
4855:
4850:
4675:
4511:
4260:
3916:
3845:
The Star (2 August 2006): "Education a Key MIC Thrust"; M. Krishnamoorthy
1594:
590:
328:
6452:
1218:
5162:
4961:
3414:
2653:
2606:
2560:
2516:
2472:
2427:
2380:
1418:
1244:
841:
811:
335:
290:
644:
5576:
Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies
5014:
4956:
4563:
4292:
4236:
1681:
788:
605:), which was achieved in 1957. It positioned itself to represent the
3670:
570:
political party. It is one of the founding members of the coalition
24:
5318:
4250:
3695:
800:
708:
677:
Baba Budh Singh Ji, Ramanathan, and opposition to the Malayan Union
602:
567:
5172:
4875:
4680:
3390:
Cage of Freedom: Tamil Identity and the Ethnic Fetish in Malaysia
2018:
1891:
796:
673:, the party Mahatma Gandhi led to fight for Indian independence.
3671:"Corporate Profile – Maju Institute Of Educational Development"
3461:
Rajagopal, Shanthiah; Fernando, Joseph Milton (27 April 2018).
2012:
1854:
662:
3744:"MIC turns 70, but AIMST intake of Indian students 'shocking'"
3547:
The Indian minority and political change in Malaya, 1945-1957
2024:
1928:
1670:
1640:
844:
as Deputy President instead, by a narrow margin of 26 votes.
792:
761:
594:
817:
803:, and the MIC renamed itself the Malaysian Indian Congress.
1686:
147:
1589:
636:, which also represents majority of the Indian community.
3857:
504:
1693:
List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)
810:
in 1973 after a rebellion by five MIC leaders including
847:
585:
The MIC was established in August 1946 to advocate for
6171:
United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)
5805:
Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)
1601:
Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament
1595:
Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament
1558:
Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament
6429:
5850:
Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)
1219:
Presidents of the Malayan Indian Congress (1946–1963)
701:
in opposition to the Federation of Malaya Agreement.
6346:
United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)
3639:"The NEP and Further Marginalization of the Indians"
652:
628:
The MIC was once the largest party representing the
3359:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3386:
1682:Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
1340:Presidents of the Malaysian Indian Congress (1963–
6311:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)
5927:
3460:
799:merged with the Federation of Malaya to form the
787:to draw up the new Malayan constitution. In 1963
6465:
5665:United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)
3333:"Arvind wins MIC Youth chief's post uncontested"
709:K.L. Devaser and a focus on Malayan independence
6081:United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)
6026:Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)
5381:United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)
5845:Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)
3803:
3801:
806:Sambanathan was forced to retire in favour of
582:and is one of the oldest parties in Malaysia.
6261:Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)
5724:Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)
5301:
4579:
3880:
3366:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 217.
167:
161:
5825:Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)
5760:Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)
5698:Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)
5608:All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)
873:
6231:Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)
6116:Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)
5539:Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)
5508:Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)
5024:Deputy speakers of the legislative assembly
3798:
2035:
179:
6236:Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)
5945:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)
5840:Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)
5399:United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
5308:
5294:
4586:
4572:
3887:
3873:
2866:Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly
1718:Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly
1541:
762:V. T Sambanthan and becoming a Tamil party
489:
135:
6509:Indian National Congress breakaway groups
6301:Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)
6276:United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)
6071:United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)
6031:Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)
5770:Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)
5755:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
5729:Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)
5693:Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)
5432:United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)
4171:Secretary-General: Richard Mosinal Kastum
3636:
3549:. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
3478:
3407:
2808:
818:Manickavasagam and non-political ventures
613:development of the country. The MIC, the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
6356:Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)
6076:United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)
6056:Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)
5890:Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)
5598:Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)
4616:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
3612:. In Christou, A.; Mavroudi, E. (eds.).
3500:
1687:Malaysian State Assembly Representatives
1546:
1213:
657:John Thivy, the founder of the MIC, met
643:
6341:Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)
6281:Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)
6221:North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)
6141:Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)
5895:Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)
5865:Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)
5518:Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)
3430:The Malayan Union controversy 1942-1948
3347:"Dr Shatesh wins Putera MIC chief post"
1590:Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)
665:while studying law. He was inspired by
6479:Defunct political parties in Singapore
6466:
6326:Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)
6296:Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)
6146:Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)
5775:Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)
5647:Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)
4621:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4593:
3432:. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
1582:Nelson Renganathan – appointed by the
6499:Political parties established in 1946
6474:1946 establishments in British Malaya
6316:Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)
6246:Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)
6156:Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)
6106:Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)
6051:Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)
5965:Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)
5926:
5855:Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)
5688:Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)
5574:
5549:Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)
5334:
5289:
4567:
4543:List of political parties in Malaysia
3868:
3545:Brown, Rajeswary Ampalavanar (1981).
3544:
3314:List of political parties in Malaysia
2841:Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
1752:Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
1605:As of 2019, MIC has only 1 MP in the
1015:44 Central Working Committee Members:
722:1952 Kuala Lumpur Municipal Elections
720:Under Devaser, the MIC contested the
6286:United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)
6136:Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)
6021:Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)
6004:Defunct former parliamentary parties
5613:Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)
5465:Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)
5437:Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)
4927:Speakers of the legislative assembly
4212:Kelantan: Ahmad Jazlan Yaakub (UMNO)
3719:"Varsity to keep chasing excellence"
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
1697:
877:
848:Samy Vellu and emphasis on education
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
6251:Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)
6126:National Association of Perak (NAP)
5820:Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)
5629:Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)
5404:Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
5245:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
3716:
3659:from the original on 4 August 2016.
3607:
3427:
2861:Selangor State Legislative Assembly
2836:Kelantan State Legislative Assembly
1788:Selangor State Legislative Assembly
1744:Kelantan State Legislative Assembly
738:United Malays National Organisation
615:United Malays National Organisation
13:
6361:Community Coalition Congress (CCC)
6331:Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)
6271:United People's Party (1976) (UPP)
6192:Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)
6151:Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)
5907:Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)
5900:Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)
5795:Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)
5742:Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)
5593:Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)
5447:Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)
4113:Youth Chief: Nicole Wong Siaw Ting
3834:Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005).
3821:Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics
2871:Malacca State Legislative Assembly
1804:Sarawak State Legislative Assembly
1710:Malacca State Legislative Assembly
692:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action
395:All-Malaya Council of Joint Action
14:
6525:
6306:Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)
6096:Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)
5835:Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)
5815:Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)
5780:Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)
5719:Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)
5414:Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
4256:Penang: Musa Sheikh Fadzir (UMNO)
3849:
3717:SEE, BERNARD (24 November 2018).
3487:
3360:Timothy J. Lomperis, ed. (2000).
2856:Pahang State Legislative Assembly
2846:Penang State Legislative Assembly
2826:Perlis State Legislative Assembly
1778:Pahang State Legislative Assembly
1762:Penang State Legislative Assembly
1726:Perlis State Legislative Assembly
758:84% of the plantation workforce.
653:John Thivy and Indian nationalism
6451:
6439:
6404:* denotes non-registered parties
6381:Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)
6351:Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)
6061:Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)
5734:People's Alternative Party (PAP)
5490:Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)
5475:Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)
5317:
5187:Deputy leaders of the opposition
4812:Deputy speakers of the Lok Sabha
4626:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
4145:Youth Chief: Thinalan Rajagopalu
4074:Youth Chief: Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki
3896:
3637:Anbalakan, K. (1 January 2003).
3387:Andrew C. Willford, ed. (2007).
2881:Sabah State Legislative Assembly
2876:Johor State Legislative Assembly
2851:Perak State Legislative Assembly
2831:Kedah State Legislative Assembly
2782:
2781:
2729:
2728:
2682:
2681:
2635:
2634:
2588:
2587:
2541:
2498:
2497:
2453:
2409:
2408:
2362:
2361:
2317:
2316:
2272:
2271:
2227:
2226:
2181:
2135:
2134:
2088:
2087:
1921:
1884:
1847:
1796:Sabah State Legislative Assembly
1770:Perak State Legislative Assembly
1736:Kedah State Legislative Assembly
1702:Johor State Legislative Assembly
1633:
23:
6504:Political parties of minorities
6291:Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)
6256:Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)
6091:Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)
6046:National Convention Party (NCP)
5714:Malaysian Indian People’s Party
5618:Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)
5409:Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)
4077:Puteri Chief: Zahida Zarik Khan
4068:Secretary-General: Ahmad Maslan
4065:Deputy President: Mohamad Hasan
3780:
3762:
3736:
3710:
3684:
3663:
3630:
3601:
3571:
3538:
3501:Kailasam, A. (1 January 2015).
1999:
1975:
1949:
1912:
1875:
1657:
34:needs additional citations for
5980:Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)
5860:Malaysian National Party (PNM)
5670:Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
5485:Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)
4232:Perak: Saarani Mohammad (UMNO)
3809:"Past Presidents of MIC – MIC"
3520:
3454:
3421:
3380:
3353:
3339:
3325:
2542:
2454:
2182:
162:
1:
6484:Political parties in Malaysia
6241:Social Democratic Party (SDP)
6216:Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)
6197:Malayan Communist Party (MCP)
6111:United Democratic Party (UDP)
6101:People's Justice Front (AKAR)
6016:Sarawak National Party (SNAP)
5928:Defunct parties and coalition
5880:Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)
5870:Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)
5810:Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)
5800:Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)
5765:People's Welfare Party (KITA)
5513:Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)
5376:National Trust Party (AMANAH)
5366:Democratic Action Party (DAP)
5324:Political parties in Malaysia
4215:Malacca: Ab Rauf Yusoh (UMNO)
4174:Women Chief: Zainon Hj. Kayum
3319:
1190:Federal Territories: S. Rajah
619:Malaysian Chinese Association
6371:Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)
6176:Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)
6161:Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)
6121:Muslim League of Malaya (ML)
6086:Sabah National Party (SANAP)
6041:Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)
5904:Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)
5875:People First Party (URPARTI)
5790:Malaysian United Party (MUP)
5424:Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)
5371:People's Justice Party (PKR)
5250:Cinema in Dravidian politics
4202:Johor: Hasni Mohammad (UMNO)
4142:Women Chief: Mohana Muniandy
4139:Secretary-General: M. Asojan
3532:malaysianindian1.blogspot.my
3417:. Malaysian Indian Congress.
2885:Total won / Total contested
1453:2 years, 199 days
1430:31 years, 55 days
1407:5 years, 104 days
1384:9 years, 287 days
1175:Terengganu: V. Mangeleswaran
726:Independence of Malaya Party
713:The MIC's fourth President,
169:Mǎláixīyà Yìndù Guómín Dàhuì
7:
6514:Dravidian political parties
6386:Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)
6226:Selangor Labour Party (SLP)
6166:Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)
5750:Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)
5746:Socialist Alternative (SA)*
5657:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
5586:Friends of Barisan Nasional
5544:Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)
5457:Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)
5336:Parties represented in the
3912:Chairman of Advisor Council
3788:"Central Working Committee"
3770:"Central Working Committee"
3302:
2820:State Legislative Assembly
1551:
1533:6 years, 76 days
1508:3 years, 20 days
1193:Negeri Sembilan: V.S. Mogan
745:particularly on education.
742:Malayan Chinese Association
690:. The MIC later joined the
168:
58:"Malaysian Indian Congress"
10:
6530:
6366:Sabah People's Front (SPF)
6336:Sabah People's Party (PRS)
5885:Barisan Penyatuan Nasional
5738:Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)
5623:Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)
5442:Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)
4861:Kadambur M. R. Janarthanan
4548:Malaysian general election
4110:Women Chief: Heng Seai Kie
4071:Women Chief: Noraini Ahmad
3528:"MIC – The Hidden History"
2819:
1690:
1598:
1555:
639:
607:Indian community in Malaya
574:, previously known as the
377:Malaysian Indian interests
6402:
6321:Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)
6266:Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)
6184:
6003:
5937:
5933:
5922:
5706:
5678:
5655:
5637:
5603:Love Malaysia Party (PCM)
5585:
5581:
5570:
5526:
5498:
5455:
5422:
5389:
5356:
5352:
5330:
5270:Rise of Dravidian parties
5237:
5186:
5110:Leaders of the opposition
5107:
5023:
4924:
4834:
4809:
4779:
4746:V. N. Janaki Ramachandran
4699:
4634:
4611:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4599:
4533:
4412:
4401:
4373:
4349:
4325:
4301:
4277:
4270:
4188:
4177:Youth Chief: Edwin Laimin
4152:
4120:
4084:
4052:
4045:
4029:
4013:
3997:
3981:
3955:
3939:
3923:
3911:
3823:. Pelanduk Publications.
3792:Malaysian Indian Congress
3774:Malaysian Indian Congress
3393:. NUS Paper. p. 26.
2816:
2009:
1919:
1840:
1667:
1626:
1481:2 years, 2 days
1356:
1231:
1202:Sabah: Peer Mohamad Kadir
874:Central Working Committee
560:Kongres India Se-Malaysia
544:Malaysian Indian Congress
517:
502:
497:
488:
483:
468:
453:
438:
433:Saathanai Namathu Kaiyile
428:
417:
390:
370:
362:
354:
344:
334:
320:
312:
304:
296:
286:
274:
266:
258:
237:
227:
217:
207:
197:
189:
180:
175:
157:
149:Kongres India Se-Malaysia
148:
143:
134:
128:Malaysian Indian Congress
125:
16:Malaysian political party
6494:Indian-Malaysian culture
6376:Human Rights Party (HRP)
5785:Penang Front Party (PFP)
5534:Heritage Party (WARISAN)
5470:United Sabah Party (PBS)
4985:P. T. R. Palanivel Rajan
4837:Union ministers of state
3819:Goh, Cheng Teik (1994).
2036:General election results
1621:Parliament Constituency
1607:House of Representatives
1574:Mohamed Haniffa Abdullah
990:Dr. Shatesh Kumar Sangar
671:Indian National Congress
183:Malēciya Intiya Kāṅkiras
6131:Radical Party (RADICAL)
6036:National Party (Negara)
5990:Barisan Alternatif (BA)
5830:Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)
5680:Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)
5639:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
5500:Perikatan Nasional (PN)
5224:Alagaapuram R. Mohanraj
5219:Panruti S. Ramachandran
5178:Edappadi K. Palaniswami
4886:Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan
4766:Edappadi K. Palaniswami
4637:Union cabinet ministers
4135:Devamany S. Krishnasamy
4055:United Malays National
1997:Raven Kumar Krishnasamy
1972:Vidyananthan Ramanadhan
1542:Elected representatives
1196:Malacca: V.P. Shanmugam
960:Raven Kumar Krishnasamy
861:Vellu was succeeded by
564:Malayan Indian Congress
308:Malayan Indian Congress
181:மலேசிய இந்திய காங்கிரஸ்
5480:Love Sabah Party (PCS)
4871:Gingee N. Ramachandran
4782:Deputy chief ministers
3480:10.21315/km2018.36.1.2
2809:State election results
1947:Saraswathy Nallathanby
1497:Subramaniam Sathasivam
1465:Subramaniam Sathasivam
1284:K. Ramanathan Chettiar
1199:Johor: R. Vidyananthan
1172:Kelantan: S. Renugopal
1111:Peer Mohamad Bin Kadir
1054:N. Maneanay @ Muneandy
838:Subramaniam Sathasivam
801:Federation of Malaysia
649:
270:Saraswathy Nallathanby
151:كوڠݢريس اينديا سمليسيا
6202:Revolutionary Faction
6185:Other defunct parties
5391:Barisan Nasional (BN)
5275:Self-Respect Movement
5199:Su. Thirunavukkarasar
5139:V. M. C. V. Ganapathy
5094:Pollachi V. Jayaraman
5061:V. P. Balasubramanian
5051:Su. Thirunavukkarasar
4741:M. D. R. Ramachandran
4651:Aravinda Bala Pajanor
4195:Federal Territories:
3608:Koh, Sin Yee (2016).
2701:Palanivel Govindasamy
1829:Federal Constituency
1584:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1578:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1568:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1564:Vell Paari Samy Vellu
1547:Dewan Negara (Senate)
1442:Palanivel Govindasamy
1214:List of party leaders
1187:Selangor: M. B. Rajah
1178:Penang: J. Dhinagaran
1000:Deputy Puteri Leader:
988:Deputy Putera Leader:
972:Mohana Muniandy Raman
858:has been questioned.
724:in alliance with the
647:
591:British colonial rule
470:Dewan Undangan Negeri
250:Vell Paari Samy Vellu
213:Ananthan Somasundaram
6409:Politics of Malaysia
5975:Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)
5955:Socialist Front (SF)
5358:Pakatan Harapan (PH)
5119:V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
5079:Parithi Ilamvazhuthi
4980:Sedapatti R. Muthiah
4896:S. S. Palanimanickam
4716:V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
4666:Sedapatti R. Muthiah
4553:Politics of Malaysia
4341:Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail
4227:Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail
4005:Hishammuddin Hussein
3428:Lau, Albert (1991).
3309:Politics of Malaysia
2735:Opposition coalition
2058:Outcome of election
976:Deputy Women Leader:
964:Deputy Youth Leader:
952:Executive Secretary:
768:Tun V. T. Sambanthan
730:Dato' Onn bin Jaafar
688:Federation of Malaya
580:Malayan Independence
562:)，formerly known as
522:Politics of Malaysia
391:National affiliation
350:MIC Women's Movement
253:Kohilan Pillai Appu
43:improve this article
5995:Pakatan Rakyat (PR)
5985:Gagasan Rakyat (GR)
5960:Alliance Party (AP)
5031:Pulavar K. Govindan
4941:Pulavar K. Govindan
4167:Arthur Joseph Kurup
4157:Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)
4104:Secretary-General:
4057:Organisation (UMNO)
4037:Asyraf Wajdi Dusuki
3968:Vigneswaran Sanasee
3748:The Malaysian Times
2801:Vigneswaran Sanasee
2788:Governing coalition
2741:Governing coalition
2688:Governing coalition
2641:Governing coalition
2594:Governing coalition
2548:Governing coalition
2504:Governing coalition
2460:Governing coalition
2415:Governing coalition
2368:Governing coalition
2323:Governing coalition
2278:Governing coalition
2233:Governing coalition
2188:Governing coalition
2141:Governing coalition
2094:Governing coalition
1835:State Constituency
1576:– appointed by the
1566:– appointed by the
1520:Vigneswaran Sanasee
1184:Pahang: V. Arumugam
1166:Perlis: S. Ilanckoh
1102:Dr. A. Mangleswaran
926:Kohilan Pillay Appu
924:5th Vice-president:
918:4th Vice-president:
912:3rd Vice-president:
906:2nd Vice-president:
900:1st Vice-president:
887:Vigneswaran Sanasee
867:Vigneswaran Sanasee
824:New Economic Policy
587:Indian independence
381:Social conservatism
366:MIC Puteri Movement
358:MIC Putera Movement
247:Nelson Renganathan
223:Thinalan Rajagopalu
202:Vigneswaran Sanasee
6011:Malayan Party (MP)
5938:Defunct coalitions
5260:Dravidian movement
5209:K. A. Sengottaiyan
4990:V. M. C. Sivakumar
4949:K. A. Mathiazhagan
4906:S. Jagathrakshakan
4801:Udhayanidhi Stalin
4736:M. G. Ramachandran
4594:Dravidian Politics
4197:Johari Abdul Ghani
4165:Deputy President:
4133:Deputy President:
4101:(Deputy President)
4097:Deputy President:
4087:Malaysian Chinese
3931:Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
1378:16 September 1963
1331:16 September 1963
1303:Kundan Lal Devaser
1265:Baba Budh Singh Ji
1169:Kedah: S. Ananthan
1132:R. Balasubramaniam
978:Vickneswary Babuji
942:Information Chief:
936:Treasurer-General:
930:Secretary-General:
715:Kundan Lal Devaser
650:
385:Dravidian movement
363:Women's youth wing
340:MIC Youth Movement
242:Murugiah Thopasamy
6489:Identity politics
6427:
6426:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6066:Semangat 46 (S46)
5950:Labour Front (LF)
5918:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5283:
5282:
5255:Dravidar Kazhagam
5229:R. B. Udhayakumar
5143:R. V. Janakiraman
4972:M. Tamilkudimagan
4936:Si. Pa. Adithanar
4756:R. V. Janakiraman
4661:T. G. Venkatraman
4602:Political parties
4561:
4560:
4529:
4528:
4397:
4396:
4271:State Governments
4244:Bung Moktar Radin
4218:Negeri Sembilan:
4184:
4183:
4123:Malaysian Indian
4089:Association (MCA)
3998:Treasurer-General
3982:Secretary-General
3623:978-1-317-14958-3
3299:
3298:
2806:
2805:
2336:V. Manickavasagam
2291:V. Manickavasagam
2033:
2032:
1910:Shanmugam Ptcyhay
1817:
1816:
1679:
1678:
1654:Saravanan Murugan
1539:
1538:
1396:V. Manickavasagam
1337:
1336:
1210:
1157:
1027:D. Tharma Kumaran
1011:
1010:
932:R. T. Rajasekaran
895:Saravanan Murugan
892:Deputy President:
808:V. Manickavasagam
540:
539:
527:Political parties
245:Asojan Muniyandy
232:Saravanan Murugan
209:Secretary-General
119:
118:
111:
93:
6521:
6456:
6455:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6435:
6209:Marxist-Leninist
5935:
5934:
5924:
5923:
5583:
5582:
5572:
5571:
5354:
5353:
5346:State Assemblies
5332:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5287:
5286:
5214:O. Panneerselvam
5153:O. Panneerselvam
5128:P. K. Loganathan
5111:
4928:
4901:V. Radhika Selvi
4838:
4813:
4796:O. Panneerselvam
4783:
4761:O. Panneerselvam
4703:
4646:Sathiavani Muthu
4638:
4603:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4381:
4357:
4333:
4317:Saarani Mohammad
4309:
4285:
4275:
4274:
4158:
4126:
4090:
4058:
4050:
4049:
3905:
3904:Barisan Nasional
3901:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:Official website
3813:
3812:
3805:
3796:
3795:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3694:. Archived from
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3643:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3585:. Archived from
3575:
3569:
3568:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3498:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3294:
3277:
3270:
3255:
3243:
3234:
3200:
3189:
3157:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3095:
3081:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3019:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2814:
2813:
2797:
2794:Barisan Nasional
2785:
2784:
2768:
2750:
2747:Barisan Nasional
2732:
2731:
2715:
2697:
2694:Barisan Nasional
2685:
2684:
2668:
2650:
2647:Barisan Nasional
2638:
2637:
2621:
2603:
2600:Barisan Nasional
2591:
2590:
2575:
2557:
2554:Barisan Nasional
2545:
2544:
2531:
2513:
2510:Barisan Nasional
2501:
2500:
2487:
2469:
2466:Barisan Nasional
2457:
2456:
2442:
2424:
2421:Barisan Nasional
2412:
2411:
2395:
2377:
2374:Barisan Nasional
2365:
2364:
2350:
2332:
2329:Barisan Nasional
2320:
2319:
2305:
2287:
2284:Barisan Nasional
2275:
2274:
2260:
2246:V. T. Sambanthan
2242:
2230:
2229:
2215:
2201:V. T. Sambanthan
2197:
2185:
2184:
2168:
2154:V. T. Sambanthan
2150:
2138:
2137:
2121:
2107:V. T. Sambanthan
2103:
2091:
2090:
2074:
2061:Election leader
2049:Seats contested
2046:Total seats won
2040:
2039:
2029:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1820:
1819:
1809:
1801:
1793:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1698:
1675:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1612:
1611:
1486:Acting President
1447:6 December 2010
1427:6 December 2010
1424:12 October 1979
1404:12 October 1978
1373:V. T. Sambanthan
1348:
1347:
1323:V. T. Sambanthan
1223:
1222:
1208:
1181:Perak: V. Elango
1155:
1129:Siva Subramaniam
1048:M. Mathuraiveran
938:Tan Sri Ramasamy
878:
855:AIMST University
831:Barisan Nasional
648:MIC Headquarters
623:Barisan Nasional
572:Barisan Nasional
513:
510:
508:
506:
493:
478:
463:
448:
423:
413:
409:Barisan Nasional
406:
399:
355:Men's youth wing
305:Preceded by
282:Teeba Solaimalai
280:S Shatesh Kumar
262:Arvind Krishnan
228:Deputy President
210:
185:
184:
171:
165:
164:
153:
152:
139:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
6529:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6450:
6440:
6438:
6430:
6428:
6423:
6414:Politics portal
6405:
6390:
6180:
5999:
5929:
5910:
5702:
5674:
5651:
5633:
5577:
5558:
5522:
5494:
5451:
5418:
5385:
5348:
5326:
5316:
5314:
5284:
5279:
5233:
5182:
5158:A. M. H. Nazeem
5132:J. Jayalalithaa
5109:
5103:
5066:V. P. Duraisamy
5019:
5000:R. Avudaiyappan
4926:
4920:
4911:S. Gandhiselvan
4881:K. Venkatapathy
4836:
4830:
4811:
4805:
4781:
4775:
4751:J. Jayalalithaa
4726:M. O. H. Farook
4711:C. N. Annadurai
4702:Chief ministers
4701:
4695:
4686:Dayanidhi Maran
4636:
4630:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4562:
4557:
4538:Parti Perikatan
4525:
4403:
4393:
4389:Onn Hafiz Ghazi
4379:
4369:
4365:Sulaiman Md Ali
4355:
4345:
4331:
4321:
4307:
4297:
4283:
4266:
4180:
4156:
4154:
4148:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4056:
4054:
4041:
4025:
4009:
3993:
3977:
3951:
3940:Deputy Chairman
3935:
3919:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3750:. 2 August 2016
3742:
3741:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3723:The Star Online
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3698:on 16 July 2013
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3656:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3589:on 14 June 2019
3577:
3576:
3572:
3557:
3543:
3539:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3510:Kajian Malaysia
3505:
3499:
3488:
3467:Kajian Malaysia
3459:
3455:
3440:
3426:
3422:
3415:"History – MIC"
3413:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3358:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3292:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3256:
3253:
3244:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3201:
3198:
3190:
3187:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3096:
3093:
3082:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3020:
3017:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2811:
2791:
2790:
2769:
2766:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2716:
2713:
2691:
2690:
2669:
2666:
2644:
2643:
2622:
2619:
2597:
2596:
2576:
2573:
2551:
2550:
2532:
2529:
2507:
2506:
2488:
2485:
2463:
2462:
2443:
2440:
2418:
2417:
2396:
2393:
2371:
2370:
2351:
2348:
2326:
2325:
2306:
2303:
2281:
2280:
2261:
2258:
2236:
2235:
2216:
2213:
2191:
2190:
2169:
2166:
2144:
2143:
2122:
2119:
2097:
2096:
2075:
2072:
2055:Share of votes
2038:
2010:
1922:
1920:
1885:
1883:
1848:
1846:
1818:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1695:
1689:
1684:
1668:
1634:
1632:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1560:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1360:Time in office
1357:Term of office
1346:
1232:Term of office
1221:
1216:
1162:State Chairman:
1153:
1108:V. P. Shanmugam
1096:R. Vidyananthan
1081:Dr. S. Ananthan
1051:S. Marathamuthu
1033:P. Kamalanathan
1030:K. Balasundaram
1012:
876:
850:
820:
785:Reid Commission
764:
711:
679:
655:
642:
634:Pakatan Harapan
536:
503:
479:
476:
464:
461:
449:
446:
424:Green and white
421:
411:
407:
404:
400:
397:
383:
379:
327:
325:
281:
276:
254:
252:
248:
246:
244:
208:
182:
166:
150:
130:
129:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6527:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6461:
6460:
6448:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6005:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5941:
5939:
5931:
5930:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5744:
5739:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5684:
5682:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5643:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5626:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5589:
5587:
5579:
5578:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5504:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5395:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5350:
5349:
5328:
5327:
5313:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5290:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5241:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5137:
5134:
5129:
5126:
5124:M. Karunanidhi
5121:
5115:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5084:A. Arunachalam
5081:
5076:
5074:S. Gandhirajan
5071:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4951:
4946:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4930:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4840:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4826:M. Thambidurai
4823:
4817:
4815:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4787:
4785:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4721:M. Karunanidhi
4718:
4713:
4707:
4705:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4671:M. Thambidurai
4668:
4663:
4658:
4656:Murasoli Maran
4653:
4648:
4642:
4640:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4568:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4523:
4509:
4491:
4461:
4450:
4436:
4413:
4407:
4399:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4351:Chief Minister
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:Mahdzir Khalid
4203:
4200:
4192:
4190:
4189:State Chairmen
4186:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4162:
4160:
4155:Parti Bersatu
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4130:
4128:
4125:Congress (MIC)
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4106:Chong Sin Woon
4102:
4094:
4092:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3892:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3851:
3850:External links
3848:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3840:Malaysia Today
3832:
3815:
3814:
3797:
3779:
3761:
3735:
3709:
3683:
3662:
3646:Kajian Malysia
3629:
3622:
3600:
3570:
3555:
3537:
3519:
3486:
3453:
3438:
3420:
3406:
3399:
3379:
3372:
3352:
3338:
3335:. 9 June 2024.
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3311:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2970:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:State election
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:S. Subramaniam
2751:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2239:Alliance Party
2224:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2194:Alliance Party
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2147:Alliance Party
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2100:Alliance Party
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1691:Main article:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1599:Main article:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1580:
1570:
1556:Main article:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:4 August 1946
1248:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:A. Krishnaveny
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:R. Supramaniam
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:Dr. T. Novalan
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:K. Subramaniam
1022:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
997:
994:Puteri Leader:
991:
985:
982:Putera Leader:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
947:
946:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
909:
903:
897:
889:
875:
872:
871:
849:
846:
819:
816:
763:
760:
734:Alliance Party
710:
707:
699:Tan Cheng Lock
678:
675:
659:Mahatma Gandhi
654:
651:
641:
638:
538:
537:
535:
534:
529:
524:
518:
515:
514:
500:
499:
495:
494:
486:
485:
481:
480:
475:
473:
466:
465:
460:
458:
451:
450:
445:
443:
436:
435:
430:
426:
425:
419:
415:
414:
392:
388:
387:
374:
368:
367:
364:
360:
359:
356:
352:
351:
348:
342:
341:
338:
332:
331:
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
302:
301:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:
278:
272:
271:
268:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
239:
238:Vice-President
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
221:
215:
214:
211:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
177:
173:
172:
159:
155:
154:
145:
141:
140:
132:
131:
127:
126:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6526:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6447:
6437:
6436:
6433:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6205:
6203:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5970:Barisan Sabah
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5925:
5921:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:Other parties
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5569:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5527:Other parties
5525:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5320:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5299:
5297:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5194:K. Anbazhagan
5192:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5148:K. Anbazhagan
5146:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5056:P. H. Pandian
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:P. Seenivasan
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:G. Palaniraja
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4967:P. H. Pandian
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:N. V. N. Somu
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4821:G. Lakshmanan
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4691:M. K. Alagiri
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4598:
4589:
4584:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4532:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4375:Menteri Besar
4372:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4352:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4328:
4327:Menteri Besar
4324:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4303:Menteri Besar
4300:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4280:
4279:Menteri Besar
4276:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:Mohamad Hasan
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4144:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4119:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4099:Mah Hang Soon
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4021:Noraini Ahmad
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3956:Vice-Chairman
3954:
3948:
3947:Mohamad Hasan
3945:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3890:
3885:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3829:967-978-475-4
3826:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3810:
3804:
3802:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3672:
3666:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3619:
3616:. Routledge.
3615:
3611:
3604:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3410:
3402:
3400:9789971693916
3396:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3373:9789971693916
3369:
3365:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3342:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3239:
3237:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3153:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2815:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1737:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:15 July 2018
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1505:15 July 2018
1504:
1502:25 June 2015
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1450:23 June 2013
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1401:30 June 1973
1400:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1381:30 June 1973
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1211:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:S. Murugavelu
1119:
1117:K. Ramalingam
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1087:J. Dhinagaran
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:K. Sathasivam
1065:
1063:M. Karuppanan
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:S. Tamilvanan
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1007:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
984:Dr. A. Kishva
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:Women Leader:
968:
965:
962:
959:
958:Youth Leader:
956:
953:
950:
949:
948:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
896:
893:
890:
888:
885:
882:
881:
880:
879:
870:
868:
864:
859:
856:
845:
843:
839:
834:
832:
827:
825:
815:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
780:
776:
772:
769:
766:In May 1955,
759:
756:
750:
746:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
706:
702:
700:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:Malayan Union
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
646:
637:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
516:
512:
501:
496:
492:
487:
482:
474:
471:
467:
459:
456:
452:
444:
441:
437:
434:
431:
427:
420:
416:
410:
403:
396:
393:
389:
386:
382:
378:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
347:
343:
339:
337:
333:
330:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
300:4 August 1946
299:
295:
292:
289:
285:
279:
277:Puteri Leader
275:Putera Leader
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
251:
243:
240:
236:
233:
230:
226:
222:
220:
216:
212:
206:
203:
200:
196:
192:
188:
178:
174:
170:
160:
156:
146:
142:
138:
133:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
6206:
6199:
5408:
5342:Dewan Rakyat
5338:Dewan Negara
5265:Dravidianism
5204:Duraimurugan
5168:M. K. Stalin
5136:S. R. Eradha
5099:K. Pitchandi
5070:K. Ponnusamy
5046:N. Ganapathy
5036:G. R. Edmund
5005:D. Jayakumar
4995:K. Kalimuthu
4891:S. Regupathy
4866:M. Kannappan
4791:M. K. Stalin
4771:M. K. Stalin
4731:S. Ramassamy
4259:Terengganu:
4121:
3989:Ahmad Maslan
3973:Joseph Kurup
3963:Wee Ka Siong
3839:
3820:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3764:
3752:. Retrieved
3747:
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3722:
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3696:the original
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3665:
3649:
3645:
3632:
3613:
3603:
3591:. Retrieved
3587:the original
3582:
3573:
3546:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3509:
3473:(1): 25–42.
3470:
3466:
3456:
3429:
3423:
3409:
3389:
3382:
3362:
3355:
3341:
3327:
2920:2/3 majority
2787:
2740:
2734:
2687:
2640:
2593:
2547:
2503:
2459:
2414:
2367:
2322:
2277:
2232:
2187:
2140:
2093:
2052:Total votes
2023:
2017:
2011:
1811:
1669:
1604:
1528:
1518:
1495:
1485:
1480:
1476:25 June 2015
1475:
1471:23 June 2013
1470:
1463:
1440:
1417:
1394:
1371:
1341:
1321:
1301:
1283:
1263:
1243:
1207:
1161:
1154:
1147:N. Saraswati
1138:R. Inbavally
1126:N. Sivakumar
1123:A. Sakthivel
1114:C. Sivaraajh
1105:S. Renugopal
1078:M. Rajandran
1072:R. Rajandran
1036:K. Parthiban
1014:
1013:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
966:Andrew David
963:
957:
954:T.Kumaressan
951:
941:
935:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
891:
883:
863:G. Palanivel
860:
851:
835:
828:
821:
805:
781:
777:
773:
765:
755:Tamil Murasu
754:
751:
747:
719:
712:
703:
680:
656:
627:
611:World War II
609:in the post-
584:
563:
559:
551:
543:
541:
455:Dewan Rakyat
440:Dewan Negara
432:
412:(since 1973)
346:Women's wing
313:Headquarters
267:Woman Leader
259:Youth Leader
219:Spokesperson
193:MIC / ம.இ.கா
190:Abbreviation
158:Chinese name
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
5554:Independent
5089:P. Dhanapal
5010:P. Dhanapal
4916:D. Nepoleon
4856:R. K. Kumar
4851:T. R. Baalu
4676:T. R. Baalu
4261:Idris Jusoh
4030:Youth Chief
4014:Women Chief
3917:Najib Razak
3754:14 November
3728:14 November
3676:14 November
3652:: 379–398.
1099:L. Manickam
1084:V. Arumugam
1045:S. Suppayah
908:T. Murugiah
405:(1954–1973)
398:(1948–1953)
329:Makkal Osai
326:Tamil Malar
6468:Categories
5163:Vijayakant
4962:K. Rajaram
4953:S. Pakkiam
4945:S. Perumal
4249:Selangor:
3579:"Archives"
3556:0195804732
3439:0195889649
3320:References
2654:Samy Vellu
2607:Samy Vellu
2561:Samy Vellu
2517:Samy Vellu
2473:Samy Vellu
2428:Samy Vellu
2381:Samy Vellu
2276:2 seats;
1899:Alor Gajah
1873:V Arumugam
1419:Samy Vellu
1245:John Thivy
1144:K. Kesavan
1039:D. Vincent
996:R. Shaliny
944:R.Thinalan
920:Vell Paari
884:President:
842:Samy Vellu
812:Samy Vellu
484:Party flag
336:Youth wing
291:John Thivy
176:Tamil name
163:马来西亚印度国民大会
144:Malay name
69:newspapers
5015:M. Appavu
4957:Munu Adhi
4452:Hussein (
4293:Azlan Man
4237:Azlan Man
2733:2 seats;
2639:6 seats;
2592:2 seats;
2413:2 seats;
2366:1 seat;
2231:1 seat;
2139:1 seat;
2092:2 seats;
2043:Election
1993:Tenggaroh
1529:Incumbent
1328:May 1955
1311:May 1955
1150:R. Nelson
1141:K. Arvind
1093:V. Elango
1021:M. Veeran
914:M. Asojan
789:Singapore
625:in 1973.
568:Malaysian
532:Elections
324:MIC Times
321:Newspaper
198:President
6458:Politics
6446:Malaysia
4494:Abdullah
4464:Mahathir
4251:Noh Omar
4235:Perlis:
4225:Pahang:
3924:Chairman
3654:Archived
3583:The Star
3448:22117633
3303:See also
2786:1 seat;
2775:172,176
2722:167,061
2686:1 seat;
2675:286,629
2628:179,422
2581:221,546
2502:1 seat;
2402:104,701
2321:1 seat;
1986:Mersing
1960:Sembrong
1936:Sekijang
1572:Tan Sri
1552:Senators
1090:S. Rajah
1075:G. Raman
1060:G. Sivah
1002:S. Teeba
902:T. Mohan
740:and the
617:and the
603:Malaysia
593:. After
576:Alliance
402:Alliance
372:Ideology
99:May 2019
6432:Portals
5344:and/or
5173:R. Siva
4876:A. Raja
4681:A. Raja
4404:Cabinet
4356:Malacca
4242:Sabah:
4205:Kedah:
4046:Parties
3702:2 April
3593:13 July
3565:8080662
3516:: 1–18.
2767:1 / 222
2714:2 / 222
2667:4 / 222
2620:3 / 222
2574:9 / 219
2530:7 / 193
2486:7 / 192
2441:6 / 180
2394:6 / 177
2349:4 / 154
2304:3 / 154
2259:4 / 144
2214:2 / 144
2175:19,269
2167:3 / 104
2128:15,711
2120:3 / 104
2081:26,868
2019:Malacca
1943:Kemelah
1892:Malacca
1862:Bentong
1838:Member
1624:Member
1342:present
1209:Source:
1156:Source:
797:Sarawak
640:History
566:, is a
498:Website
477:5 / 611
462:1 / 222
418:Colours
297:Founded
287:Founder
83:scholar
5238:Others
4417:Rahman
4332:Pahang
4284:Perlis
4263:(UMNO)
4253:(UMNO)
4246:(UMNO)
4239:(UMNO)
4229:(UMNO)
4222:(UMNO)
4209:(UMNO)
4199:(UMNO)
3827:
3692:"Mied"
3620:
3563:
3553:
3446:
3436:
3397:
3370:
3276:1 / 42
3269:0 / 59
3254:0 / 15
3233:3 / 56
3188:1 / 28
3156:3 / 18
3147:2 / 56
3140:0 / 28
3133:1 / 36
3126:0 / 56
3119:0 / 42
3112:0 / 59
3105:0 / 40
3094:0 / 36
3080:5 / 18
3071:3 / 56
3064:1 / 28
3057:1 / 36
3050:0 / 56
3043:0 / 42
3036:0 / 59
3029:0 / 40
3018:0 / 36
2778:1.11%
2739:later
2725:1.39%
2678:2.59%
2631:2.21%
2405:2.21%
2178:1.60%
2131:1.02%
2084:2.68%
2073:2 / 52
2013:Pahang
2007:Total
1967:Kahang
1926:
1889:
1855:Pahang
1852:
1841:Party
1823:State
1812:
1808:0 / 82
1800:0 / 73
1792:0 / 56
1782:1 / 47
1774:0 / 59
1766:0 / 40
1756:0 / 33
1748:0 / 45
1740:0 / 36
1730:0 / 15
1722:0 / 36
1714:1 / 28
1706:3 / 56
1638:
1627:Party
1615:State
1363:Notes
1351:Order
1235:Notes
1226:Order
1006:
694:under
667:Gandhi
663:London
630:Indian
599:Malaya
548:abbrev
447:3 / 70
429:Anthem
422:
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4512:Najib
4439:Razak
4380:Johor
4308:Perak
3657:(PDF)
3642:(PDF)
3506:(PDF)
3293:1 / 4
3249:2022
3242:3 / 4
3199:1 / 1
3002:2 / 3
2995:2 / 3
2988:2 / 3
2981:2 / 3
2974:2 / 3
2967:2 / 3
2960:2 / 3
2953:2 / 3
2946:2 / 3
2939:2 / 3
2932:2 / 3
2925:2 / 3
2584:3.2%
2025:Johor
2022:(1),
2016:(1),
1983:P154
1957:P153
1933:P141
1929:Johor
1906:Gadek
1896:P135
1869:Sabai
1859:P089
1671:Perak
1665:Total
1649:Tapah
1641:Perak
1354:Name
1308:1952
1291:1952
1288:1950
1273:1950
1270:1947
1253:1947
1229:Name
793:Sabah
601:(now
595:India
589:from
556:Malay
90:JSTOR
76:books
3825:ISBN
3756:2019
3730:2019
3704:2013
3678:2019
3618:ISBN
3595:2022
3561:OCLC
3551:ISBN
3444:OCLC
3434:ISBN
3395:ISBN
3368:ISBN
3207:2022
3164:2021
3087:2018
3011:2013
2761:2022
2708:2018
2661:2013
2614:2008
2568:2004
2524:1999
2480:1995
2435:1990
2388:1986
2343:1982
2298:1978
2253:1974
2208:1969
2161:1964
2114:1959
2067:1955
2002:MIC
1978:MIC
1952:MIC
1915:MIC
1878:MIC
1832:No.
1826:No.
1660:MIC
1645:P072
1618:No.
795:and
542:The
509:.org
507:.mic
62:news
4506:III
4476:III
4429:III
4377:of
4353:of
4329:of
4305:of
4281:of
3475:doi
2772:10
2186:;
2028:(3)
1989:N33
1963:N31
1865:N35
1674:(1)
1515:10
696:Tun
661:at
552:MIC
511:.my
505:www
45:by
6470::
5340:,
4520:II
4518:·
4504:·
4502:II
4500:·
4488:VI
4486:·
4482:·
4480:IV
4478:·
4474:·
4472:II
4470:·
4458:II
4456:·
4447:II
4445:·
4433:IV
4431:·
4427:·
4425:II
4423:·
3838:.
3800:^
3790:.
3772:.
3746:.
3721:.
3650:21
3648:.
3644:.
3581:.
3559:.
3530:.
3514:33
3512:.
3508:.
3489:^
3471:36
3469:.
3465:.
3442:.
2737:,
2719:9
2672:9
2625:9
2546:;
2458:;
2446:7
2399:7
2354:5
2309:5
2264:5
2219:3
2172:3
2125:3
2078:2
1939:N4
1902:N7
1609:.
1492:9
1460:–
1437:8
1414:7
1391:6
1368:5
1318:5
1298:4
1280:3
1260:2
1240:1
869:.
814:.
791:,
728:,
558::
554:;
550::
6434::
6211:)
6207:(
6204:)
6200:(
5625:*
5309:e
5302:t
5295:v
4587:e
4580:t
4573:v
4522:)
4516:I
4514:(
4508:)
4498:I
4496:(
4490:)
4484:V
4468:I
4466:(
4460:)
4454:I
4449:)
4443:I
4441:(
4435:)
4421:I
4419:(
3888:e
3881:t
3874:v
3842:.
3831:.
3811:.
3794:.
3776:.
3758:.
3732:.
3706:.
3680:.
3626:.
3597:.
3567:.
3534:.
3483:.
3477::
3450:.
3403:.
3376:.
3349:.
2796:)
2792:(
2749:)
2745:(
2696:)
2692:(
2649:)
2645:(
2602:)
2598:(
2556:)
2552:(
2512:)
2508:(
2468:)
2464:(
2423:)
2419:(
2376:)
2372:(
2331:)
2327:(
2286:)
2282:(
2241:)
2237:(
2196:)
2192:(
2149:)
2145:(
2102:)
2098:(
1344:)
546:(
472::
457::
442::
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
