Santa Claus - Knowledge

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not to be angry that they were lied to for so long. In one study, it was found that children did not trust their parents less and adults did not recall an increase in lack of trust. Austin Cline argued the problem is not with length, but with a complicated series of very large lies. Most children do not remain angry or embarrassed about the deception for very long. They are most likely to have a positive feeling about it if they are able to figure it out logically (e.g., by realizing the impossibility of one person visiting every home in a single night) and gradually. According to psychologist John Condry, "The most common response to finding out the truth was that they felt older and more mature. They now knew something that the younger kids did not". In other studies, a small fraction of children felt betrayed by their parents, but disappointment was a more common response. Some children have reacted strongly, including rejecting the family's

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The New Year celebration usurped the traditions of a Christmas Tree (Ёлка), Santa (known in Russian as "Дед Mopoз" or "Grandfather Frost"), and presents. In the Russian tradition, Grandfather Frost's granddaughter, the Snow Maiden (Снегурочка), always accompanies him to help distribute the gifts. Elves are not associated with the holiday. The state prohibited people from selling Christmas trees. There were even festivals, organized by the League of Militant Atheists, specifically to denigrate religious holidays. Their carnivals were inspired by similar events staged by activists after the French Revolution. From 1923 to 1924 and then again from 1929 to 1930 the "Komsomol Christmases" and Easters were basically holiday celebrations of atheism.

456: 1565: 1953: 1333: 2328: 385: 1725: 1072: 1550: 249: 1425: 2259: 477: 505:("Father Christmas") in French. For children in the Netherlands, Sinterklaas remains the predominant gift-giver in December; 36% of the Dutch only give presents on Sinterklaas evening or the day itself, 6 December, while Christmas, 25 December, is used by another 21% to give presents. Some 26% of the Dutch population gives presents on both days. In Belgium, presents are offered exclusively to children on 6 December, and on Christmas Day all ages may receive presents. Saint Nicolas/Sinterklaas' assistants are called " 1436: 1713: 1277: 869: 2000: 6246:

stockings or Santa Claus figures in the city would be punished. ... While the ban on the sale of Christmas goods might appear to be directed at retailers, it also comes amid a crackdown on Christians practising their religion across the country. On Saturday morning, more than 60 police officers and officials stormed a children's Bible class in Guangzhou, capital of southern China's Guangdong province. The incident came after authorities shut down the 1,500-member

9071: 1358: 2154: 1057: 2455: 1698:, Santa is believed to reside in 1 Chemin des Nuages, Pôle Nord (1 Alley of Clouds, North Pole). The French national postal service has operated a service that allows children to send letters to Père Noël since 1962. In the period before Christmas, any physical letter in the country that is addressed to Santa Claus is sent to a specific location, where responses for the children's letters are written and sent back to the children. 2469: 595:) or his reindeer in North American tradition. Folklorist Margaret Baker maintains that "the appearance of Santa Claus or Father Christmas, whose day is the 25th of December, owes much to Odin, the old blue-hooded, cloaked, white-bearded Giftbringer of the north, who rode the midwinter sky on his eight-footed steed Sleipnir, visiting his people with gifts. Odin, transformed into Father Christmas, then Santa Claus, prospered with 55: 2483: 6212:

games to intimidate and purge the youth of religious belief. It suggested that pupils campaign against customs associated with Christmas (including Christmas trees) and Easter. Some schools, the League approvingly reported, staged an anti-religious day on the 31st of each month. Not teachers but the League's local set the programme for this special occasion.

760:(who died nine years before Moore's claim) was the author. St. Nick is described as being "chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf" with "a little round belly", that "shook when he laughed like a bowlful of jelly", in spite of which the "miniature sleigh" and "tiny reindeer" still indicate that he is physically diminutive. The 698: 1412: 4544:

DEDHAM—The fifth annual Dedham Square Holiday Stroll this ... At 6 p.m., Jonathan Meath – better known as Santa JG, who performs with the Boston Pops – will entertain children and families at Cafe Video Paradiso with a sing-along with Santa. "We booked him months ago because we knew that he's in

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Others see little harm in the belief in Santa Claus. Psychologist Tamar Murachver said that because it is a cultural, not parental, lie, it does not usually undermine parental trust. Psychology professor Jacqueline Woolley posited that it is perhaps "kinship with the adult world" that causes children

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was earned, much like his title ("Santa"), decided by a vote of those naturally immortal. This work also established Claus's motives: a happy childhood among immortals. When Ak, Master Woodsman of the World, exposes him to the misery and poverty of children in the outside world, Santa strives to find

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Children sometimes write letters to Santa Claus, often with a wish list of presents that they wish to receive. Some postal services recognize this tradition, and may accept letters addressed to "Santa Claus". Writing letters to Santa Claus has the educational benefits of promoting literacy, computer

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to produce toys early in the 20th century. That shift was reflected in the modern depiction of Santa's residence—now often humorously portrayed as a fully mechanized production and distribution facility, equipped with the latest manufacturing technology, and overseen by the elves with Santa and Mrs.

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so that they would not have to become prostitutes. He was very religious from an early age and devoted his life entirely to Christianity. In continental Europe (more precisely the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, the Czech Republic and Germany), he is usually portrayed as a bearded bishop in canonical

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There were several anti-religious campaigns, the most dramatic of which occurred in the 1920s. According to a piece published by the School of Russian and Asia Studies: In 1925, Christmas was effectively banned under the officially atheist Soviets, and was not to return to Russian lands until 1992.

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From 2002 to 2014, Canada Post replied to approximately "one million letters or more a year, and in total answered more than 24.7 million letters"; as of 2015, it responds to more than 1.5 million letters per year, "in over 30 languages, including Braille answering them all in the language they are

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Christmas is not a recognised holiday in mainland China – where the ruling party is officially atheist – and for many years authorities have taken a tough stance on anyone who celebrates it in public. ... The statement by Langfang officials said that anyone caught selling Christmas trees, wreaths,

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obliged with so many articles that it devoted an entire section of its annual index for 1928 to anti-religious training in the schools. More such material followed in 1929, and a flood of it the next year. It recommended what Lenin and others earlier had explicitly condemned—carnivals, farces, and

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Countries whose national postal operators answer letters to Santa and other end-of-year holiday figures, and the number of letters received in 2006: Germany (500,000), Australia (117,000), Austria (6,000), Bulgaria (500), Canada (1,060,000), Spain (232,000), United States (no figure, as statistics

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In some images from the early 20th century, Santa was depicted as personally making his toys by hand in a small workshop like a craftsman. Eventually, the idea emerged that he had numerous elves responsible for making the toys, but the toys were still handmade by each individual elf working in the

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Babies and toddlers do not understand the concept of a fictional character, but most children become developmentally able to "believe in" Santa Claus around age three or four. The prevalence of belief in Santa Claus is high at age five, and declines precipitously when children are seven or eight

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story from 15 December 1981 through 24 December 1981 has Santa rejecting the demands of PETCO (Professional Elves Toy-Making and Craft Organization) for higher wages, a hot tub in the locker room, and "Aggressive recruitment of a wider gender spectrum of employee" ("short broads"), with the elves

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Psychology professor Jacqueline Woolley helped conduct a study that found that children seemed competent in their use of logic, evidence, and comparative reasoning even though they might conclude that Santa Claus or other fanciful creatures were real. According to Woolley, the existence of Santa

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Some national postal operators make it possible to send in e-mail messages which are answered by physical mail. All the same, Santa still receives far more letters than e-mail through the national postal operators, proving that children still write letters. National postal operators offering the

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where on 27 December 2014, 18,112 Santas overtook the previous record. Derry City, Northern Ireland had held the record since 9 September 2007, when a total of 12,965 people dressed up as Santa or Santa's helpers. Prior to that, the record was 3,921, which was set during the Santa Dash event in

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department store. Having a Santa actor set up to take pictures with children is a ritual that dates back at least to 1918. An area is often set aside for the actors portraying Santa to use for the duration of the holiday season. It usually features a chair for the actors to sit in surrounded by

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Santa Claus's home is traditionally said to include a residence and a workshop where he is said to create—often with the aid of elves or other supernatural beings—the gifts he is said to deliver to good children at Christmas. Some stories and legends include a village, inhabited by his helpers,

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Santa is really the only cultural icon we have who's male, does not carry a gun, and is all about peace, joy, giving, and caring for other people. That's part of the magic for me, especially in a culture where we've become so commercialized and hooked into manufactured icons. Santa is much more

2283:: "He mirrors some of our highest ideals: childhood purity and innocence, selfless giving, unfaltering love, justice, and mercy. The problem is that, in the process, he has become burdened with some of society's greatest challenges: materialism, corporate greed, and domination by the media." 2896:

A children's party given in England on 26 December 1842 featured 'venerable effigies' of Father Christmas and the Old Year; '... Father Christmas with scarlet coat and cocked hat, stuck all over with presents for the guests... ' R. L. Brett, ed., Barclay Fox's Journal, Bell and Hyman, London,

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movement, wrote: "the children should not be taught that Santa Claus has aught to do with this pastime. A deceit or falsehood is never wise. Too much cannot be done towards guarding and guiding well the germinating and inclining thought of childhood. To mould aright the first impressions of

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status to Santa Claus. "The Government of Canada wishes Santa the very best in his Christmas Eve duties and wants to let him know that, as a Canadian citizen, he has the automatic right to re-enter Canada once his trip around the world is complete," Kenney said in an official statement.

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of the Dutch culture of New York, and much of this portrait is his joking invention. Irving's interpretation of Santa Claus was part of a broader movement to tone down the increasingly wild Christmas celebrations of the era, which included aggressive home invasions under the guise of

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In Slovenia, Saint Nicholas (Miklavž) also brings small gifts for good children on the eve of 6 December. Božiček (Christmas Man) brings gifts on the eve of 25 December, and Dedek Mraz (Grandfather Frost) brings gifts in the evening of 31 December to be opened on New Years Day.

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on Christmas Eve for "a fabulous personage" whose name varies: in Pennsylvania he is usually called "Krishkinkle", but in New York he is "St. Nicholas" or "Santa Claus". The author quotes Moore's poem in its entirety, saying that its descriptions apply to Krishkinkle too.

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Early representations of the gift-giver from Church history and folklore, especially St Nicholas, merged with the English character Father Christmas to create the mythical character known to the rest of the English-speaking world as "Santa Claus" (a phonetic derivation of

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of Saint Nicholas on 6 December, the Father Christmas celebration was moved to 25 December to coincide with Christmas Day. The Victorian revival of Christmas included Father Christmas as the emblem of good cheer. His physical appearance was variable, with one image being

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are real, is valuable. Actively deceiving a child into believing in Santa Claus's real-world existence, sometimes even to the extent of fabricating false evidence to convince them despite their growing natural doubts, does not result in imaginative play and can promote

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prevented Alan Kerr's young niece and nephews from sending their letters to Santa; in a few weeks, over 1,000 emails to Santa were received, and the site had received 1,000 emails a day one year later. Some websites, such as Santa's page on Microsoft's former

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Hello fellow Santas, Once again we had an informative and fun gathering. Ten Santas were in attendance and we were happy to welcome Karilyn Curran, the chair person of our up and coming Santa Luncheon for 2011. ... Fashion Show: ... Jonathan Meath

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was historically depicted wearing a green cloak. As Father Christmas has been increasingly merged into the image of Santa Claus, that has been changed to the more commonly known red suit. Santa had been portrayed in a red suit in the 19th century by

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in New York, and since 1940 has been called "Operation Santa" to ensure that letters to Santa are adopted by charitable organizations, major corporations, local businesses and individuals in order to fulfill the wishes of children. Those seeking a

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years old. Although the age at disillusionment has been fairly stable for decades – in 1978, 85% of American five year olds believed that Santa was real, but only 25% of eight year olds still did – it may be getting slightly lower over time.

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are not kept centrally), Finland (750,000), France (1,220,000), Ireland (100,000), New Zealand (110,000), Portugal (255,000), Poland (3,000), Slovakia (85,000), Sweden (150,000), Switzerland (17,863), Ukraine (5,019), United Kingdom (750,000).

202:, wearing a red coat with white fur collar and cuffs, white-fur-cuffed red trousers, a red hat trimmed with white fur, a black leather belt and boots, carrying a bag full of gifts for children. He is popularly associated with a deep, hearty 1749:

children could "visit Santa Claus" at the mall without having to contend with crowds. The malls open early to allow entry only to families with autistic children, who have a private visit with the actor portraying Santa Claus. In 2012, the

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In Hungary, St. Nicolaus (Mikulás) or Father Winter (Télapó) comes on the night of 5 December and the children get their gifts the next morning. They get sweets in a bag if they were good, and a golden coloured birch switch if not. On

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In Kyrgyzstan, a mountain peak was named after Santa Claus, after a Swedish company had suggested the location be a more efficient starting place for present-delivering journeys all over the world, than Lapland. In the Kyrgyz capital,

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Wodan's role during the Yuletide period has been theorized as having influenced concepts of St. Nicholas and Santa Claus in a variety of facets, including his long white beard and his gray horse for nightly rides (compare Odin's horse

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were also named: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Dunder and Blixem (Dunder and Blixem came from the old Dutch words for thunder and lightning, which were later changed to the more German sounding Donner and Blitzen).

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During the Middle Ages, often on the evening before his name day of 6 December, children were bestowed gifts in his honour. This date was earlier than the original day of gifts for the children, which moved in the course of the

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was Anglicized into "Santa Claus" (a name first used in the U.S. press in 1773) but lost his bishop's apparel, and was at first pictured as a thick-bellied Dutch sailor with a pipe in a green winter coat. Irving's book was a

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removed the major bones of Nicholas's skeleton from his sarcophagus in the Greek church in Myra. Over the objection of the monks of Myra the sailors took the bones of St. Nicholas to Bari, where they are now enshrined in the

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in 1915, and in 1923–25, the same company used colour images of Santa Claus in adverts for drink mixers. Earlier, Santa Claus had appeared dressed in red and white and essentially in his current form on several covers of

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as an honored guest at Ozma's birthday party, stated to be famous and beloved enough for everyone to bow even before he is announced as "The most Mighty and Loyal Friend of Children, His Supreme Highness – Santa Claus".

2950: 1114:, which he also directed, included scenes photographed in a limited, two-tone colour process and featured the use of detailed models. Since then many feature films have featured Santa Claus as a protagonist, including 5077: 5385: 447:(1843), as a great genial man in a green coat lined with fur who takes Scrooge through the bustling streets of London on the current Christmas morning, sprinkling the essence of Christmas onto the happy populace. 677:, waning in power and firmly opposed to Christmas, still held some influence) and public displays of sexual deviancy; the celebrations of the era were derided by both upper-class merchants and Christian purists. 1917:(on-line web request form in English). In France, by 6 December 2010, a team of 60 postal elves had sent out reply cards in response to 80,000 e-mail on-line request forms and more than 500,000 physical letters. 3996: 768:

By 1845, "Kris Kringle" was a common variant of Santa in parts of the United States. A magazine article from 1853, describing American Christmas customs to British readers, refers to children hanging up their

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holiday postmark through the USPS, are told to send their letter from Santa or a holiday greeting card by 10 December to: North Pole Holiday Postmark, Postmaster, 4141 Postmark Dr, Anchorage, AK 99530–9998.

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in Soviet cinema could, in fact be the shortest in this collection: suffice it to say that there were, at least officially, no Christmas celebrations in the atheist socialist state after its foundation in

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In the Czech Republic, a group of advertising professionals started a website against Santa Claus, a relatively recent phenomenon in that country. In the Czech tradition, presents are delivered by

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as an alternative to the previous very popular gift custom on St. Nicholas, to focus the interest of the children to Christ instead of the veneration of saints. Martin Luther first suggested the

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magazine, writer Carol Jean-Swanson makes similar points, noting that the original figure of St. Nicholas gave only to those who were needy and that today Santa Claus seems to be more about

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said, "It would be a hard-hearted parent indeed who frowned upon the innocent joys of our children's cultural heritage. We save our bah humbugs for the things that exploit the vulnerable."

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wrote, "It's a lie, it degrades your parental trustworthiness, it encourages credulity, it does not encourage imagination, and it's equivalent to bribing your kids for good behavior."

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literacy, and e-mail literacy. A letter to Santa is often a child's first experience of correspondence. Written and sent with the help of a parent or teacher, children learn about the

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firm Dreamtime Holdings. Currently, most local television stations in the United States and Canada rely upon outside established "Santa tracking" efforts, such as NORAD Tracks Santa.

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received letters from 150 countries (representing 90% of the letters received), France's Postal Service from 126 countries, Germany from 80 countries, and Slovakia from 20 countries.

3151:"Last Monday, the anniversary of St. Nicholas, otherwise called Santa Claus, was celebrated at Protestant Hall, at Mr. Waldron's; where a great number of sons of the ancient saint 6367: 5493: 4370: 952:

that Santa Claus was invented by The Coca-Cola Company or that Santa wears red and white because they are the colours used to promote the Coca-Cola brand. Coca-Cola's competitor

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Some have argued that Santa Claus prioritizes parents' short-term happiness in seeing children excited about Santa Claus, and their nostalgic willingness to prolong the age of

316:. Sailors from Bari collected just half of Nicholas' skeleton, leaving all the minor fragments in the church sarcophagus. These were later taken by Venetian sailors during the 2955:

Netherlands budget institute table showing money spent by households categorised into those that give gifts only on Sint (36%), only on Christmas day (21%), on both days (26%)

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Psychologists generally differentiate between telling fictional stories that feature Santa Claus and actively deceiving a child into believing that Santa Claus is real.

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are left instead. In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, it is common for children to leave him rice porridge with sugar and cinnamon instead. In Ireland it is popular to leave

3174:"Christmas Was Invented in New York: The strange but probably true tale of how Washington Irving and a few contemporaries created the modern holiday in the early 1800s" 816:, which included the caption "Santa Claussville, N.P." A colour collection of Nast's pictures, published in 1869, had a poem also titled "Santa Claus and His Works" by 4100: 6527: 3515: 924: 5681: 3835: 5792: 5359: 5255: 187:

of children. Saint Nicholas became renowned for his reported generosity and secret gift-giving. This conception also shares similarities with the English figure of

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The image of Santa Claus as a benevolent character became reinforced with its association with charity and philanthropy, particularly by organizations such as the

6389: 4316: 3965: 3805: 3000: 993:, who played Santa Claus in department stores and parades, established the Charles W. Howard Santa School, the oldest continuously run such school in the world. 4531: 8322: 6330: 5021: 4827: 5688: 5633:"NORAD Tracks Santa – Citation – Space Certification Program as a Corporate Patron Level Partner in the Certified Imagination Product Category, December 2007" 4965: 4157: 3238: 1212: 283:, today in Turkey. Nicholas was known for his generous gifts to the poor, in particular presenting the three impoverished daughters of a pious Christian with 6274: 5753: 2023:

received the calls intended for the Sears hotline. The program was transferred to NORAD when it was jointly founded by the United States and Canada in 1958.

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to the North Pole to assassinate Santa Claus. Through a battle of wits, Santa saves himself by winning Nero over to the joys of Christmas, and gives him a

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William J. Federer (2002). "There Really Is a Santa Claus: The History of St. Nicholas & Christmas Holiday Traditions" p. 39. Amerisearch, Inc., 2002

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Liverpool City Centre in 2005. A gathering of Santas in 2009 in Bucharest, Romania attempted to top the world record, but failed with only 3,939 Santas.

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and its opposition to the veneration of saints in many countries on 24 and 25 December. The custom of gifting to children at Christmas was propagated by

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in the Soviet Union after its foundation in 1917, Christmas celebrations—along with other religious holidays—were prohibited as a result of the Soviet

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Following the Restoration of the monarchy and with Puritans out of power in England, the ban on Christmas was satirized in works such as Josiah King's

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In the former Soviet Union, fir trees were usually put up to mark New Year's day, following a tradition established by the officially atheist state.

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as Santa. There are associations with members who portray Santa; for example, Mr. Meath was a board member of the international organization called

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Otnes, Cele; Kim, Kyungseung; Kim, Young Chan (1994). "Yes, Virginia, there is a gender difference: Analyzing children's requests to Santa Claus".

4061: 2851: 5632: 7202: 730:", an anonymous poem describing Santeclaus on a reindeer sleigh, bringing rewards to children. Some modern ideas of Santa Claus seemingly became 563:). With the Christianization of Germanic Europe, numerous traditions were absorbed from Yuletide celebrations into modern Christmas, such as the 7154: 7130: 2080:" or other automated programs to compose and send personalized and realistic replies. Microsoft's website has given occasional profane results. 9132: 8273: 6989: 6924: 3365: 1780:

in 2006. It blossomed into a second career for him, and after appearing in parades and malls, he appeared on the cover of the American monthly

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The laughter of Santa Claus has long been an important attribute by which the character is identified, but it also does not appear in many non-

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draws from historical legends to tell the story of Santa and the origins of Christmas. Other modern additions to the "story" of Santa include

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Actors portraying Santa Claus are present at various venues in the weeks leading up to Christmas. The practice of this has been credited to

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As the years passed, Santa Claus evolved into a large, heavyset person. One of the first artists to define Santa Claus's modern image was

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Claus is affirmed to children by "friends, books, TV and movies" and by "hard evidence" of "half-eaten cookies and empty milk glasses".

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The idea of a wife for Santa Claus may have been the creation of American authors, beginning in the mid-19th century. In 1889, the poet

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A number of websites have been created by various organizations that have claimed to track Santa Claus' yearly journey. Some, such as

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built upon these local efforts to provide a national Christmas Eve "Santa tracking" effort, called "SantaWatch", in cooperation with

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last week. In the case of the latter, about 100 worshippers were snatched from their homes or from the streets in coordinated raids.

6600: 5520: 4931: 4179: 3672: 2270:, said in an interview that Santa's 19th-century elements, like reindeer, a sleigh, and bells, were reminiscent of the real world. 1707: 803:, part of the folklure in southwestern Germany, where he was born. In this drawing, Santa is also in a sleigh pulled by reindeers. 6657: 5303: 4127: 2504: — "Uncle New Year"; Iranian gift-bringing figure associated with spring and the new year in the traditional Iranian calendar 1932:

and local children and parents to receive postmarked mail and greeting cards from Santa during December in the Finnish Embassy in

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in the face of strong evidence against Santa Claus's existence. Children will eventually know that their parents deceived them.

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Santa Claus is coming to town. More accurately, he's from town—Cambridge that is. Jonathan Meath is the perfect fit for a Santa.

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Other Santa letter processing information, according to the UPU's 2007 study and survey of national postal operations, include:

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The tradition of Santa Claus being said to enter dwellings through the chimney is shared by many European seasonal gift-givers.

6954: 5689:"You'd Better Not Pout! Booz Allen Supports NORAD to Track Santa's Approach This Year, December 1, 2010 by Booz Allen Hamilton" 5666: 5584: 5142: 3708:"The Big Question: Why Should We Believe in Santa? We ask Kris Kringle, a.k.a. Jonathan Meath: Why Should We Believe in Santa?" 3423: 2618: 2595: 2331:

Parent-initiated activities, like visiting a Santa actor at a shopping center, promote belief in Santa Claus by young children.

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H0H 0H0 (a reference to "ho ho ho", Santa's notable saying, although postal codes starting with H are usually reserved for the

897: 4213: 3861: 340:, which revealed that the relics in the two Italian cities belong to the same skeleton. Saint Nicholas was later claimed as a 9122: 8648: 8455: 7215: 7192: 7167: 7143: 6804: 6631: 3390: 2969: 2704: 1824: 1255:), resulting in a riot before Santa vindictively rehires them in humiliating new positions such as his reindeer. In the 2001 1041: 850: 715: 5437: 5216: 4084: 3733: 2802: 2776: 2684: 1236:

acting as a sometimes mischievously disgruntled workforce, cracking jokes and pulling pranks on their boss. For instance, a

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a way to bring joy into the lives of all children, and eventually invents toys as a principal means. Santa later appears in

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used similar Santa Claus paintings in its advertisements in the 1940s and 1950s. Historically, Coca-Cola was not the first

644: 7122:". In Interpretive Consumer Research, ed. by Elizabeth C. Hirschman, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 75–104. 5606: 4630: 4592: 3827: 3612: 3372:, 1866. The phrase "Santa Claussville, N.P." is on the curved border to the right of center, above the large word "Claus". 2659: 9127: 8258: 7973: 7318: 7016:

Mills, Candice M.; Goldstein, Thalia R.; Kanumuru, Pallavi; Monroe, Anthony J.; Quintero, Natalie B. (13 November 2023).

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over there. The original elves were ugly, traveled with Santa to throw bad kids a beatin', and gave the good ones toys."

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This image originated in North America during the 19th century, influenced by Dutch immigrants who brought the legend of

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Fruehling Springwood, Charles (2009). "If Santa Wuz Black: The Domestication of a White Myth". In Denzin, Norman (ed.).

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in late 1874 said, "If we did not live so very far from the North Pole, I should ask Santa Claus to bring me a donkey."

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was an earlier bearer of gifts, which has to some degree become conflated with Santa Claus, for instance in the Finnish

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in 2007 specially recruited someone to answer the enormous volume of mail that was coming from Russia for Santa Claus.

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It now offers kids and parents personalized messages from Santa, which run from an ASP script that Kerr built himself.

3797: 2992: 8589: 8504: 6575: 6200: 6109: 5839:

The one thing that's convinced my daughter, more than anything else, that Santa is real is a website, emailSanta.com.

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in the poem "Goody Santa Claus on a Sleigh Ride". "Is There a Santa Claus?" is the title of an iconic editorial by

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Kapitány, Rohan; Nelson, Nicole; Burdett, Emily R. R.; Goldstein, Thalia R. (17 June 2020). Jong, Jonathan (ed.).

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The article is signed "Uneda", an anagrammatic pen-name used by William Duane (1808–1882) of Philadelphia, son of

806:

The story that Santa Claus lives at the North Pole may also have been a Nast creation. His Christmas image in the

6760: 5931: 4883: 3576:

McKay, George. "Consumption, Coca-colonisation, Cultural resistance–and Santa Claus". In Whiteley, Sheila (ed.).

3239:"Whose Jolly Old Elf Is That, Anyway?; Literary Sleuth Casts Doubt on the Authorship of an Iconic Christmas Poem" 2750: 2020: 1772:

There are schools offering instruction on how to act as Santa Claus. For example, children's television producer

1190: 520:

accompanies Père Noël in the French speaking region, while the sinister Schmutzli accompanies Samichlaus in the

8433: 7816: 7595: 6984: 5715: 3832:] World Record Santa Claus Costumes | WebPhotoBlog | imagini, fotografii, pictures, poze, images" 3122: 1029: 647:, and later in the United States, British and Dutch versions of the gift-giver merged further. For example, in 253: 5870: 4406: 9117: 9102: 8354: 8141: 8136: 7650: 7441: 5581:"SantaWatch: Hunt for Santa to Include Clues from the International Space Station, by Dreamtime, 18 Dec 2000" 2128: 6151: 5412:"From NORAD Santa Tracker To Twitter: Santa Tracking For Christmas Eve 2009, by Danny Sullivan, 23 Dec 2009" 2207:

innocence, aids in perpetuating purity and in unfolding the immortal model, man in His image and likeness."

2119:

have differing opinions Santa Claus, ranging from acceptance to denouncement. Some Christians, particularly

455: 8509: 8213: 7759: 5881: 2524: 2361: 2216: 1847: 1796:, many Santa grottos were not operating for the 2020 Christmas season. Due to this, some companies offered 1625: 1564: 1201:

and damned figures of history to defeat the good will among men of Christmas, by sending the Roman emperor

640: 31: 7273:

Research guides for Thomas Nast and Santa Claus at The Morristown & Morris Township Public Library, NJ

6863: 5411: 3643: 2431:

on the grounds that if the parents lied about the existence of Santa Claus, then they might lie about the

856:

In Russia, Ded Moroz emerged as a Santa Claus figure around the late 19th century where Christmas for the

9142: 9107: 8312: 4019: 3598: 3594: 3590: 2231:

encouraged schoolchildren to campaign against Christmas traditions, among them being Santa Claus and the

2228: 2035: 1459:" popularized this image in North America during the 19th century. Caricaturist and political cartoonist 1337: 5855: 3362: 2855: 7421: 6300: 6251: 6192: 5844: 5636: 5486: 3728:

Santa is really the only cultural icon we have who's male, does not carry a gun, and is all about peace

2371:

Typical objections to presenting Santa Claus as a literally real person, rather than a story, include:

1733: 434: 329: 17: 7199: 2138:

Condemnation of Christmas was prevalent among 17th-century English Puritans and Dutch Calvinists. The

1952: 785:

of the 19th century who immortalized Santa Claus with an illustration for the 3 January 1863 issue of

8665: 8654: 8574: 8426: 8347: 8166: 7923: 7811: 7525: 7486: 7151: 7127: 4375: 3707: 1505: 1468: 1456: 840: 792: 761: 736: 701: 430: 389: 165: 6979: 6916: 4828:"Operation Santa Claus at James Farley Post Office 2012 | Operation Santa Claus – Santa's Blog" 225:), and has been maintained and reinforced through song, radio, television, children's books, family 8681: 8467: 8389: 8307: 8300: 8203: 8086: 7806: 7508: 7340: 2614: 2404:

that it associates good behavior with being materially rewarded with presents from Santa Claus, and

2049:

In addition to providing holiday-themed entertainment, "Santa tracking" websites raise interest in

1851: 5999: 4707: 3215: 1544: 332:

in Myra. This tradition was confirmed in two important scientific investigations of the relics in

8629: 8614: 8549: 8499: 8494: 8403: 8384: 8268: 7988: 7537: 7311: 4380: 2322: 2280: 2239:; the League established an antireligious holiday to be the 31st of each month as a replacement. 2089: 1944:, Finland, and the People's Republic of China Postal System's Beijing International Post Office. 1925:

In Latin America, letters are sometimes tied to balloons instead of being sent through the mail.

1828: 1737: 1332: 1110: 857: 706: 7278:"The Knickerbockers Rescue Santa Claus: 'Claas Schlaschenschlinger' from James Kirke Paulding's 7112: 6567: 6561: 5440:. WRAL.com – Raleigh, Durham, Fayetteville – North Carolina's TV Station website. Archived from 4235: 8559: 8183: 8126: 7671: 7375: 5599: 3741:"High Five! Top Five! – Bizarre Santa Claus Cameos in Comics by Robert Bazz, December 13, 2010" 3680: 3455:"'Is there a Santa Claus?': How a child's letter inspired the classic 'Yes, Virginia' response" 2544: — traditional Basque character who has recently been transformed into a Santa-like figure 2116: 1843: 1589: 1116: 313: 149: 35: 7174: 7077: 5006: 4905: 4654:"There Are Now Black Santas at Walt Disney World and Disneyland for the First Time in History" 3546: 2908: 2557: 2060:

Many websites exist that claim to track Santa and his workshop. One particular website called

8461: 8233: 8131: 7878: 7481: 7414: 7236: 6794: 6450:"The child's pantheon: Children's hierarchical belief structure in real and non-real figures" 5651: 5168: 2580: 2142:

established by these groups reflected this view. Tolerance for Christmas increased after the

1981: 1980:, the emailSanta.com Tracker and the Santa Update Project, have endured. Others, such as the 1296: 1221: 945: 877: 757: 572: 7262: 6821: 3276: 3076:

St. Nicholas; his legend and his rôle in the Christmas celebration and other popular customs

2057:, serve to educate children in geography and encourage them to take an interest in science. 325: 9137: 9097: 8644: 8599: 8248: 8223: 8188: 8178: 8173: 8151: 7938: 7908: 7863: 7838: 6875: 6461: 5281: 4991: 2610: 2340: 2275: 2132: 1977: 1609: 1281: 961: 808: 753: 711: 264: 226: 145: 5818: 5430: 5209: 3109:

Discovering Christmas Customs and Folklore: A Guide to Seasonal Rites Throughout the World

8: 8619: 8594: 8534: 8440: 8406: 8374: 8263: 8243: 8238: 8228: 8218: 8208: 8198: 8156: 8146: 7630: 7446: 6247: 3906:""DO YOU WANT TO BE KRAMPUS?" Santa Claus, globality and locality of Christmas tradition" 3042: 2460: 2177: 2143: 2073: 2027: 1724: 1668: 1554: 1105: 1083: 832: 384: 161: 6879: 6465: 4935: 3684: 2547: 1071: 9074: 8579: 8193: 8076: 8015: 8010: 7993: 7953: 7461: 7368: 7304: 7053: 7018:"Debunking the Santa myth: The process and aftermath of becoming skeptical about Santa" 7017: 6492: 6449: 6067: 5352: 5307: 4745: 3939: 3321: 2887:

Jacqueline Simpson, Steve Roud (2000) "English Folklore". Oxford University Press, 2000

2420: 2008: 1993: 1973: 1617: 1593: 902: 845: 787: 770: 413: 376:

as the bringer of gifts. But Nicholas remained popular as gifts bearer for the people.

6887: 6415: 5322: 4950: 4767:"Santa Claus receives more than six million letters annually and growing, 20 Dec 2007" 2327: 1624:

where a tourist attraction known as the "Santa Claus House" has been established. The

1520:! Merry Christmas!" It is the textual rendition of a particular type of deep-throated 248: 8724: 8584: 8489: 8395: 8340: 8037: 7903: 7883: 7605: 7532: 7503: 7491: 7354: 7211: 7188: 7163: 7139: 7057: 7045: 7037: 6829: 6800: 6768: 6581: 6571: 6497: 6479: 6196: 6105: 6102:

Christmas at the Movies: Images of Christmas in American, British and European Cinema

5975: 5950: 5723: 5296: 4090: 4027: 3943: 3931: 3887: 3617: 3386: 3246: 3088: 2914: 2428: 2408: 2353: 2203: 2139: 2135:

focus of contemporary gift-giving and see Santa Claus as the symbol of that culture.

2054: 1910: 1872: 1864: 1863:

In 2006, according to the UPU's 2007 study and survey of national postal operations,

1808: 1793: 1742: 1558: 1440: 1382: 1001: 990: 885: 817: 648: 443: 424:, bringing peace, joy, good food and wine and revelry. As England no longer kept the 398: 7796: 5658: 5580: 3485: 2439:

also see no harm in parents telling their children that Santa is real. Spokesperson

2407:

that tricking children into believing falsehoods interferes with the development of

1424: 517: 510: 481: 8907: 8765: 8734: 8694: 8639: 8624: 8409: 8096: 7968: 7958: 7893: 7709: 7610: 7029: 6883: 6487: 6469: 6156: 6059: 6050: 4741: 4699: 3921: 3857: 2488: 2432: 2416: 2380: 2298: 2168: 2146:, although Puritan attitudes toward the holiday remained unfavorable. In the Dutch 2050: 1914: 1836: 1751: 1640: 1549: 1532: 1525: 1365:

In the United States and Canada, children may leave a glass of milk and a plate of

1266: 1248: 1122: 1009: 548: 491:

In the Netherlands and Belgium, the character of Santa Claus competes with that of

407: 304: 292: 188: 8066: 5754:"Calgary Santa receives wishes and cries for help in emails from around the world" 4872: 2965: 2701: 2258: 476: 9022: 8902: 8860: 8840: 8825: 8704: 8544: 8539: 8519: 8295: 8285: 8071: 8003: 7963: 7898: 7848: 7781: 7466: 7206: 7184: 7158: 7134: 7119: 6474: 6349: 5909: 5441: 5224: 4493:"WATCH: Elvis, Dracula and Santa entertain customers at Poundland store in Derry" 3650: 3404: 3369: 3074: 2798: 2772: 2708: 2688: 2681: 2589: 2535: 2474: 2199: 2181: 2161:(1686), published shortly after Christmas was reinstated as a holy day in England 1801: 1782: 1746: 1643:

claims Santa's residence to be within their territory. Norway claims he lives in

1148: 1101: 1037: 971: 941: 933: 928: 796: 670: 541: 438: 393: 257: 7943: 7635: 2287: 1171:

organic, integral, connected to the past, and therefore connected to the future.

307:

by the Catholic church (1054 AD), a group of merchants from the Italian city of

8953: 8815: 8760: 8634: 8564: 8514: 8361: 8081: 8049: 7933: 7873: 7739: 7714: 7682: 7620: 7590: 7520: 6207:

The League sallied forth to save the day from this putative religious revival.

5878:"For a Jolly Good Time, Chat With Santa on Windows Live Messenger, 13 Dec 2006" 5610: 5128:. Gerry Bowler, Editor. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Limited. pp. 131–132. 4622: 4596: 2651: 2621: 2574: 2551: 2232: 2147: 2100: 2061: 2039: 1868: 1797: 1773: 1758: 1405: 1177: 1076: 979: 916: 909:

reindeer—who could not fly, but leapt in enormous, flight-like bounds. Claus's

745: 633: 596: 501: 471: 300: 296: 243: 180: 8043: 6225:"Santa Claus won't be coming to this town, as Chinese officials ban Christmas" 4703: 4282: 1928:

An example of a public and private cooperative venture is the opportunity for

1435: 9091: 9017: 8938: 8876: 7983: 7978: 7858: 7853: 7776: 7498: 7456: 7409: 7361: 7041: 6833: 6772: 6585: 6483: 5727: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4466:"Canadian malls offer quieter, calmer visits with Santa for kids with autism" 4257: 4031: 3935: 3250: 2313:

prohibits the usage of Santa Claus or his image to sell alcoholic beverages.

2220: 2068: 2016: 1898: 1766: 1720:

department store, Santa is readying his ladder to climb up onto the building.

1712: 1577: 1494:

or of other races. His race or colour is sometimes a subject of controversy.

1390: 1244: 1233: 1185: 1163: 1136: 1093: 1061: 1033: 1024: 1019: 965: 892: 369: 317: 222: 218: 157: 153: 5902: 5099: 1276: 799:" written on it, reflecting its Civil War context. Nast was inspired by the 9012: 8960: 8795: 8554: 8054: 7928: 7585: 7476: 7436: 7382: 7049: 6761:"Kids, Please Don't Read This Article on What Trump Said About Santa Claus" 6501: 4438: 3034: 2600: 2585: 2077: 1664: 1652: 1601: 1491: 1487: 1257: 1247:

steps in, fires all of Santa's helpers, and replaces them with out-of-work

1238: 1206: 1156: 1140: 949: 868: 849:

that became the most reprinted in the U.S. and included the famous reply, "

521: 341: 280: 184: 9042: 8719: 5471: 4789: 3926: 3905: 2829: 2742: 1837:

structure of a letter, salutations, and the use of an address and postcode

697: 324:, where a church to St. Nicholas, the patron of sailors, was built on the 9052: 9027: 8948: 8928: 8923: 8897: 8850: 8830: 8780: 8714: 8161: 7948: 7888: 7868: 7828: 7823: 7744: 5386:"DFW Airport's 'Santa Tracker' Is Operational, by BJ Austin, 24 Dec 2009" 2592:

tradition of pilots delivering presents to families in remote lighthouses

2436: 2398: 2390: 2336: 2303: 2104: 2065: 1999: 1894: 1776:

studied at the International School of Santa Claus and earned the degree

1716:

Eaton's Santa Claus Parade, 1918, Toronto, Canada. Having arrived at the

1585: 1460: 1316: 1229: 1217: 1152: 983: 910: 873: 778: 629: 506: 492: 485: 467: 365: 214: 60: 7187:, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 5945:

Kippenberg, Hans G.; Kuiper, Yme B.; Sanders, Andy F. (1 January 1990).

5852:"Microsoft pulls plug on potty-mouth Santa, by John Fontana, 4 Dec 2007" 4774: 3768:"Kyrgyzstan: Central Asian Country Welcomes Santa Claus To His New Home" 2007:

ad with the misprinted telephone number that led to the creation of the

1135:

In the cartoon base, Santa has been voiced by several people, including

8755: 8604: 8091: 8032: 7998: 7791: 7771: 7724: 7719: 7615: 7580: 7570: 7347: 7033: 6071: 5194: 4410: 3767: 2570: 2529: 2501: 2440: 2291: 2153: 2120: 2108: 2043: 1929: 1906: 1856: 1823:"Letters to Santa" redirects here. For the Muppet television film, see 1812: 1804:

where children could speak to an actor who was dressed as Santa Claus.

1717: 1672: 1633: 1452: 1411: 1404:, parents play the role of Santa Claus and leave their gifts under the 1357: 1128: 1045: 1013: 957: 953: 836: 800: 782: 666: 611: 600: 417: 373: 349: 199: 105: 8790: 6796:

International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders

2560: — The Biblical three wise men brings gifts on 6 January in Spain 2356:

belief in Santa is seen in some older children and teenagers who have

960:

company to utilize the modern image of Santa Claus in its advertising—

731: 524:

region. Schmutzli carries a twig broom to spank the naughty children.

9032: 8820: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8775: 8101: 7734: 7729: 7704: 7660: 7600: 7451: 7327: 7263:

An article on the History of Santa Claus from the St. Nicholas Center

2852:"Ein Verkaufsfahrer diente als Vorbild – angeblich – manager magazin" 2541: 2386:

that parents intentionally lying to their children promotes distrust,

2345: 1941: 1762: 1684: 1676: 1660: 1656: 1648: 1374: 1342: 1270: 1144: 1056: 607: 584: 564: 425: 421: 353: 95: 8855: 8027: 7267: 6947:"Lying To Kids About Santa Can Erode Their Trust, Psychologists Say" 6063: 5551:"Norad Santa Tracker: Christmas tradition began with a wrong number" 4524:"Town in the spirit: Dedham Square to be filled with song, shopping" 2521: — a friendly witch who delivers gifts to children on 5 January 1644: 9046: 9037: 8991: 8835: 8709: 8609: 8106: 8060: 7801: 7655: 7560: 7549: 5306:. NASA's Canberra Deep Space Communications Complex. Archived from 2626: 2513: 2507: 2243: 2124: 1636:

in North Pole, AK has also claimed to have a "sleigh fly through".

1629: 1521: 1378: 1300: 1087: 881: 821: 674: 592: 203: 7640: 7575: 2019:

ad incorrectly printed the number for their Santa hotline and the

1922:

written". The tradition also exists in Great Britain and Finland.

1516:

is the way that many languages write out how Santa Claus laughs. "

8981: 8976: 8881: 8845: 8770: 8739: 7786: 7625: 7565: 7431: 6601:"We asked five experts: should I lie to my children about Santa?" 6390:"Nast, Thomas: "Merry Old Santa Claus" – Encyclopædia Britannica" 5819:"Email Santa and get a reply: the website making my kids believe" 4340:"Lettre au Père Noël 2021 : date, adresse... Les infos clés" 3917: 2604: 2454: 1933: 1846:(UPU)'s 2007 study and survey of national postal operations, the 1815:

featured for the first time Black cast members portraying Santa.

1741:

various holiday-themed decorations. In Canada, malls operated by

1708:

Santa's workshop § Santa Claus grottos and department stores

1701: 1680: 1289: 1232:

and other media depict this as a sort of humorous business, with

527: 345: 6683:"Children stop believing in Santa Claus by age of eight: Survey" 6087:

Miscellany, p. 261, in Prose Works other than Science and Health

5607:"Keep track of Santa thanks to NORAD, by WKTV News, 24 Dec 2009" 5494:"Tracking Santa with Bing Maps, by Chris Pendleton, 24 Dec 2009" 5014:"NZ Post to tighten net for Santa, by Alexis Grant, 30 Nov 2004" 2550: —who is believed to bring Christmas gifts for children in 2468: 1663:

in Stockholm receives children's letters for Santa. In Finland,

812:

issue dated 29 December 1866 was a collage of engravings titled

328:. St. Nicholas' vandalized sarcophagus can still be seen in the 54: 8986: 8943: 8933: 8569: 8447: 7913: 7699: 7645: 7426: 6563:

Christmas – Philosophy for Everyone: Better than a Lump of Coal

2518: 2357: 2236: 2094: 1887: 1769:

to that of Santa Claus throughout the Christmas retail period.

1695: 1621: 1597: 1584:), Santa is said to live at the North Pole, which according to 1581: 1370: 1366: 1361:

Hanging up stockings for Santa Claus in Worthington, Ohio, 1928

1304: 661: 357: 337: 321: 191:, and they are both now popularly regarded as the same person. 169: 141: 7291: 7286: 6447: 5996:"When Christmas Was Banned – The early colonies and Christmas" 2538: — name of a character from Romanian communist propaganda 2190:) after Santa's image was used on the annual Christmas stamp ( 8785: 7471: 6089:. Trustees under the will of Mary Baker G. Eddy, Boston, USA. 5467: 3884:

Were They Wise Men Or Kings?: The Book of Christmas Questions

2394: 2247: 2112: 2004: 1965: 1937: 1448: 1401: 1308: 1195: 1012:, helped standardize and establish the character and role of 982:. Volunteers dressed as Santa Claus typically became part of 284: 276: 272: 195: 7296: 7015: 5464:"Welcome to The North Pole – A Virtual Earth 3D Experience!" 5217:"Say hello to Santa Claus, November 24, 2010 by Zhao Hongyi" 3333:"Notes and Queries", volume 8 (217), 24 December 1853, p.615 3208:(New York: Henry Holt, 2000: 221–75) for the attribution of 2910:

The Oxford Handbook of Church and State in the United States

1632:

of 99705 as their advertised postal code for Santa Claus. A

724:

A New-year's present, to the little ones from five to twelve

710:

editorial which, responding to a letter from eight-year old

551:(including the English) celebrated a midwinter event called 9007: 8671: 7389: 5438:"Here Comes Santa Claus! Watch it on the Web!, 24 Dec 2005" 2310: 2031: 1989: 1957: 1429: 1369:

intended for Santa; in Britain, Australia and New Zealand,

1269:

says he "Used to think Santa and Mrs. Claus were running a

1202: 568: 552: 537: 333: 308: 268: 6709:"When do kids stop believing in Santa? Is your kid ready?" 5092: 1667:

has long been known as Santa's home, and two theme parks,

756:

later claimed authorship, though some scholars argue that

7241: 4623:"Santa to visit virtually as Christmas grottos cancelled" 4263:. North Pole Community Chamber of Commerce. 31 March 2010 2376: 1606:

minister of Citizenship, Immigration and Multiculturalism

1104:

became the first actor to be identified as having played

964:

had used a Santa figure in monochrome advertisements for

948:'s Christmas advertising in the 1930s. The image spawned 5360:"DFW airport unveils Santa Tracker website, 18 Dec 2006" 4559:"Miracle on Mass. Ave.: City Santa takes suit seriously" 4556: 3580:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 57–59. 7078:"Children can learn the wrong lessons from little lies" 5944: 3644:

How did Santa Claus become popular in American culture?

3547:"Did Coca-Cola Invent the Modern Image of Santa Claus?" 3345:"Wie ein Pfälzer Auswanderer den Weihnachtsmann erfand" 2150:

colony, season celebrations focused on New Year's Day.

1524:

or chuckle, most associated today with Santa Claus and

1439:

A man dressed as Santa Claus waves to children from an

7232:"Without Magic, Santa Would Need 12 Million Employees" 5304:"Safe Travels Santa! We will Be Watching, 19 Dec 2005" 3424:"1933 - P.S., Virginia, There's a New York Times, Too" 1871:" with 1,220,000 letters received from 126 countries. 1480:

That shook when he laugh'd, like a bowl full of jelly"

1447:

Santa is generally depicted as a portly, jolly, white-

1299:

for the largest gathering of Santa Clauses is held by

888:, in 1902. He is wearing a mask with a beard attached. 412:

Father Christmas dates back as far as 16th century in

194:

Santa is generally depicted as a portly, jolly, white-

175:

The popular conception of Santa Claus originates from

6799:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 68. 4685:"Understanding What Christmas Gifts Mean to Children" 4590: 4309:"Quelle est la véritable adresse du Père Noël ?" 1754:

in Calgary was the first mall to offer this service.

1568:

Santa's House at Jerusalem Old City, St. Peter Street

1463:

also played a role in the creation of Santa's image.

1415:

An archetypal North American depiction of Santa Claus

975:

magazine in the first few years of the 20th century.

9148:

Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints

6048:

Clar, Mimi (October 1959). "Attack on Santa Claus".

5659:"Hi-tech helps track Santa Claus, December 24, 2008" 4958:"Father Christmas's French office open, 18 Nov 2010" 4880:"France answers the most Santa letters, 21 Dec 2007" 4124:"Coke denies claims it bottled familiar Santa image" 3599:

thumb|Santa Claus on the 1905 cover of Puck magazine

3595:

thumb|Santa Claus on the 1904 cover of Puck magazine

3591:

thumb|Santa Claus on the 1902 cover of Puck magazine

3383:

Nicholas: The Epic Journey From Saint to Santa Claus

3082: 2450: 2268:

Nicholas: The Epic Journey from Saint to Santa Claus

1647:. In Denmark, he is said to live in Greenland (near 480:

1850 illustration of Saint Nicolas with his servant

450: 295:

of Myra were subjugated by the newly arrived Muslim

5330:"New technology to map Santa's flight, 24 Dec 2009" 4371:"James Edgar's Santa Claus—the spirit of Christmas" 3403:Armstrong, Ralph (1875). Seaverns, Fanny P. (ed.). 3065: 3058:, see Simek (2010:180) and Orchard (1997:189). For 1408:, which may be signed as being "from Santa Claus". 1393:"Little Jesus" comes and gives gifts for everyone. 1209:violin. The play was re-produced in 1940 and 1944. 1004:, "Mrs. Santa Claus", and the 1963 children's book 603:, became a leading player on the Christmas stage." 459:Sinterklaas, Netherlands (2009) on his horse named 6793:Matson, Johnny L.; Sturmey, Peter (16 June 2011). 5716:"Trying to Reach the North Pole? Check Your Wi-Fi" 4682: 4434:"Autistic kids get quiet time with Santa at malls" 3155:celebrated the day with great joy and festivity." 2577: — Mythical characters associated with winter 2176:In 1958, Reverend Paul Nedergaard, a clergyman in 495:, based on Saint Nicolas. Santa Claus is known as 5280:. Mirror.airservicesaustralia.com. Archived from 3167: 3165: 2682:The Origin of American Christmas Myth and Customs 2210: 1194:, set entirely in rhyme, details a conspiracy of 388:"Ghost of Christmas Present", an illustration by 9089: 4988:"Send a letter to Santa | New Zealand Post" 4595:. San Diego Chapter of F.O.R.B.S. Archived from 4210:"Canada Post – Newsroom – Letters to the Editor" 3989:"Meet the parents who don't keep Santa's secret" 2993:"Schmutzli: the Swiss Santa's sinister sidekick" 2966:"Sinterklaas Arrival—Amsterdam, the Netherlands" 2883: 2881: 2242:In December 2018, the city management office of 2235:, as well as other Christian holidays including 2196:) for a Danish children's welfare organization. 986:drives to aid needy families at Christmas time. 536:An 1886 depiction of the long-bearded Norse god 156:. He is said to accomplish this with the aid of 7268:The History of Santa Claus and Father Christmas 7104: 5521:"How A Sears Typo Led To NORAD's Santa Tracker" 4521: 3958:"A Parents' Guide To Christmas: Try Not To Cry" 3308:Baltimore American Republican And Daily Clipper 2991:swissinfo.ch, Morven McLean (5 December 2008). 1504:"Ho ho ho" redirects here. For other uses, see 1032:, the 9th and lead reindeer created in 1939 by 152:during the late evening and overnight hours on 6974: 6972: 5785:"EmailSanta.com: How Santa Claus Went Digital" 5248:"EmailSanta.com: How Santa Claus Went Digital" 4882:. xmas.co.uk. 21 December 2007. Archived from 4804:. Universal Postal Union – UPU. Archived from 4683:Halkoaho, Jenniina; Laaksonnen, Pirjo (2009). 4283:"Беловежская пуща – Фотоэнциклопедия Беларуси" 3277:"What Are the True Names of Santa's Reindeer?" 3162: 3087:. Emerald Group Publishing. pp. 243–244. 2828:. Welt der Naturwissenschaften. Archived from 1964:with "Santa Claus" streaking across a weather 1867:received the most letters for Santa Claus or " 1702:Parades, department stores, and shopping malls 567:, frequently attested as being led by the god 528:Germanic paganism, Wodan, and Christianization 252:A 13th-century depiction of St. Nicholas from 7312: 7162:, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Limited. 7138:, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Limited. 6792: 6093: 5278:"Santa 2010 website by Airservices Australia" 4557:Mary Ann Georgantopoulos (23 December 2007). 3653:, Kiwi Report, by Jaime Levis, 2 January 2019 3613:"Claus and effect: The ultimate Santa school" 3054:For the wild hunt, Simek (2010:372–373). For 3028: 2878: 2316: 2159:The Examination and Tryal of Father Christmas 2015:NORAD Tracks Santa originated in 1955 when a 179:surrounding the 4th-century Christian bishop 4802:"No small job for postal elves, 15 Dec 2010" 3214:. Tspace.library.utoronto.ca. Archived from 3048: 2990: 2510: — Grandfather Frost in Turkic folklore 2191: 2185: 2095:Opposition from some Christian denominations 1162:Santa has been described as a positive male 940:Images of Santa Claus were conveyed through 734:after the anonymous publication of the poem 30:"Santa" redirects here. For other uses, see 6969: 6822:"Opinion | Do You Believe in Surnits?" 6566:. Malden, Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 6416:"Spuds Can't Promote Beer Dressed as Santa" 5912:, Terry Watkins, Dial-the-Truth Ministries. 5066: 5036: 4731: 3699: 3411:. Vol. 18. John L. Shorey. p. 43. 3236: 3015: 2743:"Santa Claus: The real man behind the myth" 2702:The Legendary Role of Reindeer in Christmas 2652:"Santa Claus: History, Legend, & Facts" 2099:Santa Claus has partial Christian roots in 2076:or emailSanta.com, have used or still use " 7319: 7305: 7229: 7113:Materialism with the modern U.S. Christmas 6180: 5947:Concepts of Person in Religion and Thought 5074:"Write to Santa and he'll write you back!" 4362: 4180:"What color is Santa Claus in Appalachia?" 4151:"Santa's Ethnicity Varies in Diverse U.S." 3306:"Advertisement for Harrison's Bookstore". 3079:. New York and London, G.P. Putman's sons. 2913:. Oxford University Press. pp. 334–. 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2253: 1913:(on-line web request form in French), and 1736:, as he started doing this in 1890 in his 53: 6911: 6909: 6813: 6491: 6473: 6325: 6323: 6187:Ramet, Sabrina Petra (10 November 2005). 6152:"What a Real War on Christmas Looks Like" 5141:. Finland.cn. 16 May 2007. Archived from 4584: 4550: 4368: 4228:"Santa Claus declared a Canadian citizen" 4126:. The Rocky Mountain News. Archived from 4121: 3925: 3544: 3402: 3237:Kirkpatrick, David D. (26 October 2000). 3206:Author Unknown: On the Trail of Anonymous 2900: 1322: 726:was published in New York. It contained " 669:, substantial premarital sex (leading to 6820:Woolley, Jacqueline (23 December 2006). 6099: 5414:. Search Engine Land. 24 December 2009. 4906:"Canada Post – Holiday – Santa's Corner" 4545:demand this time of year," Haelsen says. 4515: 3860:. Screenwanderer.com. 25 December 2019. 3858:"10 times Santa appeared in video games" 3483: 3101: 3072: 3023:Dictionary of Norse Mythology and Legend 2326: 2257: 2171:; Together with his Clearing by the Jury 2152: 1998: 1951: 1723: 1711: 1563: 1548: 1434: 1423: 1410: 1356: 1331: 1275: 1211: 1070: 1055: 923: 867: 696: 684: 531: 475: 454: 383: 247: 6980:"How to deal with the 'is Santa real?'" 6819: 6658:"When Do Kids Stop Believing in Santa?" 6632:"How many kids still believe in Santa?" 6630:Howard, Jacqueline (19 December 2017). 6289: 5782: 5557:. CBC. 24 December 2014. Archived from 5118: 4934:(in French). Laposte.fr. Archived from 4017: 3765: 3705: 3578:Christmas, Ideology and Popular Culture 3342: 3196: 2949:(in Dutch). NIBUD. 2003. Archived from 2862: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2731: 1986:Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport 1897:replied to letters in 26 languages and 1788:Fraternal Order of Real Bearded Santas. 14: 9090: 7230:Joffe-Walt, Chana (19 December 2012). 7075: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6906: 6857: 6855: 6758: 6655: 6629: 6598: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6513: 6511: 6443: 6441: 6426:from the original on 29 September 2018 6320: 6250:in September and Chengdu's 500-member 5969: 5669:from the original on 16 September 2021 5518: 4591:Santa Glen, secretary (October 2010). 4431: 4369:Allegrini, Elaine (15 November 2008). 4082: 3610: 3421: 2596:Fraternal Order of Real Bearded Santas 1728:Representation of Santa Claus in Italy 931:'s illustration for the 1903 issue of 898:The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus 513:" (in French), so they are not elves. 352:. He is also the patron saint of both 232: 9133:Fictional toymakers and toy inventors 8649:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus 7300: 7076:Kutner, Lawrence (21 November 1991). 6992:from the original on 19 December 2010 6861: 6530:from the original on 27 December 2021 6259: 6186: 6164:from the original on 14 November 2022 6149: 5795:from the original on 12 November 2021 5691:. Booz Allen Hamilton. Archived from 5587:from the original on 27 December 2021 5258:from the original on 12 November 2021 5124:'Letters to Santa Claus'. (2000). In 4968:from the original on 13 December 2010 4912:from the original on 25 December 2010 4860:from the original on 12 November 2020 4664:from the original on 21 December 2021 4490: 4446:from the original on 24 December 2013 4350:from the original on 26 December 2021 4319:from the original on 26 December 2021 4190:from the original on 11 December 2022 4160:from the original on 11 December 2022 4148: 4115: 4103:from the original on 1 September 2023 4076: 4058:"Santa's arrival lights up the Green" 4050: 4038:from the original on 22 December 2021 3999:from the original on 28 December 2021 3903: 3886:. Westminster John Knox Press, 2001. 3864:from the original on 21 December 2021 3625:from the original on 24 December 2017 3557:from the original on 25 December 2021 3545:Mikkelson, David (18 December 2008). 3496:from the original on 21 November 2021 3452: 3434:from the original on 24 December 2021 3422:Dunlap, David W. (25 December 2015). 3343:Aktuell, S. W. R. (3 December 2023). 3123:"Does Santa Claus come from Finland?" 2927:from the original on 1 September 2023 2906: 2823: 2805:from the original on 14 December 2009 2779:from the original on 27 December 2010 2753:from the original on 1 September 2020 2662:from the original on 25 December 2021 2617:town named after the figure, home to 2266:Jeremy Seal, author of the 2005 book 2180:, declared Santa a "heathen goblin" ( 1825:A Muppets Christmas: Letters to Santa 1588:lies within Canadian jurisdiction in 1051: 851:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus 716:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus 7088:from the original on 8 February 2023 6735:"When Do Children Give Up on Santa?" 6559: 6520:"Say Goodbye to the Santa Claus Lie" 6235:from the original on 12 January 2019 6189:Religious Policy in the Soviet Union 6126: 6084: 6047: 6016:. BBC. 13 March 2005. Archived from 5829:from the original on 2 November 2021 5816: 5764:from the original on 4 November 2021 5734:from the original on 3 November 2021 5713: 5239: 4258:"2010–2011 North Pole Visitor Guide" 4083:Restad, Penne L. (5 December 1996). 3838:from the original on 14 October 2010 3718:from the original on 9 February 2013 2972:from the original on 17 January 2011 2907:Davis, Derek H. (18 November 2010). 2728: 1576:In North American tradition (in the 1466:The traditional 1823 Christmas poem 1253:1981 air traffic controllers' strike 1060:Santa on the December 1905 cover of 1006:How Mrs. Santa Claus Saved Christmas 843:in the 21 September 1897 edition of 7128:The World Encyclopedia of Christmas 7064: 7004: 6927:from the original on 1 January 2023 6852: 6759:Victor, Daniel (25 December 2018). 6611:from the original on 1 January 2023 6542: 6517: 6508: 6438: 6277:from the original on 1 January 2023 5921: 5783:Ribeiro, Ricky (19 December 2012). 5714:Rueb, Emily S. (21 December 2019). 5245: 5191:"Beijing International Post Office" 5126:The World Encyclopedia of Christmas 5080:from the original on 17 August 2016 5024:from the original on 10 August 2011 4522:Edward B. Colby (3 December 2009). 4409:. Squareamerica.com. Archived from 4337: 4122:Auchmutey, Jim (10 December 2007). 3968:from the original on 5 October 2021 3808:from the original on 2 October 2021 3766:Pannier, Bruce (30 December 2007). 3743:. High Five! Comics. Archived from 3522:. Coca-Cola Company. Archived from 3508: 3486:"How Santa Survived the Soviet Era" 3453:Bever, Lindsey (22 December 2018). 3171: 1888:Finland's national postal operation 1689:Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park 824:writing to the children's magazine 499:in Dutch ("the Christmas man") and 379: 24: 7223: 6953:. 25 November 2016. Archived from 6917:"The Pagan Origins of Santa Claus" 6840:from the original on 28 March 2017 6599:Heizer, Sophie (9 December 2018). 6331:"Better Watch Out, Better Not Cry" 6150:Luzer, Daniel (26 November 2013). 5949:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 363. 5635:. Space Foundation. Archived from 5519:Gurnon, Emily (23 December 2014). 5193:. Vip.fesco.com.cn. Archived from 5167:. Beijing Your Way. Archived from 5050:. 19 November 2015. Archived from 4830:. 15 November 2011. Archived from 4746:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1994.2801_17.x 4633:from the original on 6 August 2021 4432:DeMara, Bruce (25 November 2013). 4234:. 23 December 2008. Archived from 4020:"The Heavy Price of Holiday Magic" 4018:Shabazz, Sa'iyda (17 April 2020). 4011: 3980: 3950: 3798:"Largest gathering of Santa Claus" 3484:Nosowitz, Dan (19 December 2019). 3465:from the original on 17 March 2022 3287:from the original on 24 April 2023 3159:(New York City), 23 December 1773. 3133:from the original on 19 April 2021 3037:(2007) translated by Angela Hall. 2495: 1659:. The national postal terminal in 1092:Elves had been portrayed as using 795:, and had a puppet with the name " 303:church had been declared to be in 25: 9164: 7256: 7173:Crump, William D. Editor (2006). 6732: 6656:Khazan, Olga (21 December 2014). 6014:"History – Ten Ages of Christmas" 5106:from the original on 19 June 2018 4651: 4569:from the original on 5 March 2016 3834:. Webphoto.ro. 30 November 2009. 3662:Nissenbaum, chap. 2; Belk, 87–100 3575: 3120: 2722:"Father Christmas, green or red?" 2167:The Examination and Tryal of Old 1818: 1263:To Save Us All from Satan's Power 1097:Claus as executives or managers. 791:in which Santa was dressed in an 645:British colonies of North America 451:Dutch, Belgian and Swiss folklore 237: 9070: 9069: 8525:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004 8420:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight 6939: 6894:from the original on 20 May 2021 6786: 6752: 6726: 6701: 6675: 6649: 6623: 6592: 6408: 6392:. Britannica.com. Archived from 6382: 6370:from the original on 20 May 2021 6356: 6217: 6143: 6116:A chapter on representations of 6078: 6041: 6032: 6006: 5988: 5963: 5938: 5915: 5896: 5810: 5776: 5746: 5707: 5543: 5531:from the original on 20 May 2021 5512: 5456: 5418:from the original on 21 May 2011 5340:from the original on 6 July 2011 5076:. Canada Post. 5 November 2015. 4472:from the original on 20 May 2021 4289:from the original on 13 May 2021 3986: 3778:from the original on 7 June 2023 3611:Susman, Tina (30 October 2011). 3385:, Bloomsbury, 2005, p. 199–200. 3257:from the original on 20 May 2021 3184:from the original on 20 May 2021 3172:Fox, Justin (13 December 2019). 3073:McKnight, George Harley (1917). 3039:Dictionary of Northern Mythology 3003:from the original on 20 May 2021 2799:"Saint Nicholas ::: Places" 2773:"Saint Nicholas ::: People" 2481: 2467: 2453: 2107:denominations that practice the 1996:Tracks Santa Project, have not. 1545:Santa's workshop § Location 1352: 1040:copywriter, and immortalized in 728:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight 691:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight 94:Delivering gifts to children on 5903:Santa Claus: The great imposter 5854:. Network World. Archived from 5817:Vnuk, Helen (7 December 2017). 5583:. Dreamtime. 18 December 2000. 5270: 5183: 5157: 5131: 4980: 4924: 4898: 4854:"Santa Mail – Letters to Santa" 4846: 4820: 4725: 4676: 4645: 4615: 4491:Elsom, Jack (1 November 2018). 4484: 4458: 4425: 4399: 4331: 4301: 4275: 4250: 4220: 4212:. 24 April 2008. Archived from 4202: 4172: 4142: 4086:Christmas in America: A History 3897: 3876: 3850: 3820: 3790: 3772:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 3759: 3665: 3656: 3637: 3604: 3584: 3569: 3538: 3477: 3446: 3415: 3396: 3375: 3355: 3336: 3327: 3314: 3299: 3269: 3230: 3145: 3114: 3085:Studies in Symbolic Interaction 2984: 2958: 2939: 2890: 2021:Continental Air Defense Command 1745:established a process by which 1573:surrounding his home and shop. 1486:Though most often portrayed as 1400:After the children have fallen 1191:The Plot to Overthrow Christmas 863: 680: 547:Prior to Christianization, the 9153:Male characters in advertising 8505:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland 8434:Christmas Day in the Workhouse 7817:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer 7596:Legend of the Christmas Spider 7125:Bowler, Gerry, Editor (2004). 5970:Bowler, Gerry (27 July 2011). 5362:. PegNews wire. Archived from 4990:. Nzpost.co.nz. Archived from 3706:Aldrich, Ian (November 2011). 2844: 2817: 2791: 2765: 2714: 2694: 2674: 2644: 2211:Opposition under state atheism 1992:Tracks Santa Project, and the 1030:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer 13: 1: 8456:Christmas television specials 8355:The New Oxford Book of Carols 7442:Annunciation to the shepherds 7326: 7210:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 6888:10.1016/S0262-4079(11)60920-2 4468:. CTVNews. 24 November 2013. 3310:. No. 3. 1 January 1846. 3111:, page 62. Osprey Publishing. 3107:Baker, Margaret (2007 1962). 2968:. St. Nicholas Center. 2008. 2632: 2419:, over children. Philosopher 1988:'s Tracks Santa Project, the 1800:for a fee using apps such as 1419: 1315:Santa Claus appears in a few 1251:(an obvious reference to the 1228:Many television commercials, 1216:Santa Claus with reindeer at 872:A man dressed as Santa Claus 579:, meaning "Yule figure", and 344:of many diverse groups, from 9123:Drink advertising characters 8510:Christmas and holiday season 7197:Nissenbaum, Stephen (1997). 7105:General and cited references 6560:Lowe, Scott C., ed. (2010). 6475:10.1371/journal.pone.0234142 5100:"Christmas letters to Santa" 3081:pages 24–26, 138–139 ; 3045:. & Orchard (1997:1987). 2711:; Retrieved 22 December 2007 2691:; Retrieved 22 December 2007 2637: 2525:Companions of Saint Nicholas 2362:neurodevelopmental disorders 2083: 1848:United States Postal Service 1626:United States Postal Service 1490:, Santa is also depicted as 704:, author of the famous 1897 689:Illustration to verse 1 of " 32:Santa Claus (disambiguation) 7: 6297:"In defense of Santa Claus" 6104:. I.B.Tauris. p. 186. 5880:. Microsoft. Archived from 5609:. Dreamtime. Archived from 5496:. Microsoft. Archived from 4932:"LA POSTE | Père Noël" 4315:(in French). 25 July 2014. 4089:. Oxford University Press. 2947:"Nibud Pers, persberichten" 2826:"Martin Luthers Christkind" 2532: — Finnish Santa Claus 2446: 2309:A law in the U.S. state of 2229:League of Militant Atheists 2157:Excerpt from Josiah King's 2036:International Space Station 1947: 1827:. For the Polish film, see 1616:There is also a city named 1338:The Feast of Saint Nicholas 1327: 583:, meaning "long-beard", in 348:, sailors, and children to 293:Greek Christian inhabitants 254:Saint Catherine's Monastery 160:, who make the toys in his 10: 9169: 9128:Fictional Christian saints 7422:Adoration of the Shepherds 7280:The Book of Saint Nicholas 7176:The Christmas Encyclopedia 6252:Early Rain Covenant Church 6193:Cambridge University Press 5928:familiesonlinemagazine.com 5924:"To Santa or Not to Santa" 5388:. PBS KERA. Archived from 4734:Journal of Popular Culture 3910:Hungarian Studies Yearbook 3516:"Image Gallery Santa 1931" 3153:the Sons of Saint Nicholas 2320: 2317:Representation to children 2087: 1984:Tracks Santa Project, the 1938:People's Republic of China 1905:ability to use an on-line 1822: 1705: 1651:). In Sweden, the town of 1542: 1503: 1081: 742:The Night Before Christmas 622: 617: 465: 435:Ghost of Christmas Present 405: 241: 229:, films, and advertising. 29: 27:Legendary Christmas figure 9065: 9000: 8969: 8916: 8890: 8869: 8748: 8693: 8680: 8666:WWE Tribute to the Troops 8478: 8427:A Visit from St. Nicholas 8373: 8348:The Oxford Book of Carols 8284: 8115: 7924:Feast of the Seven Fishes 7837: 7758: 7669: 7546: 7487:Massacre of the Innocents 7400: 7336: 6366:. BBC. 26 November 2007. 6085:Eddy, Mary Baker (1925). 5044:"Time to write to Santa!" 4704:10.1108/17473610910986053 3363:Santa Claus and His Works 2262:Santa Claus, Sydney, 1933 1940:, Santa Claus Village in 1765:changes the voice of its 1506:Ho ho ho (disambiguation) 1469:A Visit from St. Nicholas 1457:A Visit from St. Nicholas 1188:'s 1938 comic radio play 1000:The 1956 popular song by 841:Francis Pharcellus Church 814:Santa Claus and His Works 781:, a German-born American 737:A Visit From St. Nicholas 702:Francis Pharcellus Church 206:, frequently rendered in 146:Western Christian culture 101: 90: 67: 52: 45: 8468:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 7200:The Battle for Christmas 7152:Santa Claus: A Biography 7022:Developmental Psychology 6267:"Interview: Jeremy Seal" 6229:South China Morning Post 5972:Santa Claus: A Biography 5908:19 November 2010 at the 3405:"A letter from Colorado" 3368:15 December 2010 at the 3212:to Clement Clarke Moore" 3204:"mentioning Don Foster, 2801:. Stnicholascenter.org. 2775:. Stnicholascenter.org. 2615:Midwestern United States 2564: 2064:was created when a 1997 1852:James Farley Post Office 1600:). On 23 December 2008, 1497: 1472:relates that Santa has: 1180:who portrays Santa, 2011 944:'s depiction of him for 606:In northern Europe, the 571:(Wodan), bearing (among 9113:Christmas gift-bringers 8630:Small Business Saturday 8500:Black Friday (shopping) 8495:Black Friday (partying) 7989:Nine Lessons and Carols 7919:Events and celebrations 7157:28 October 2012 at the 7149:Bowler, Gerry, (2007). 7133:28 October 2012 at the 7118:1 December 2011 at the 6100:Connelly, Mark (2000). 4407:"A Visit from St. Nick" 4381:Brockton, Massachusetts 4154:NBC 5 Dallas-Fort Worth 3649:4 December 2021 at the 3062:, see Simek (2010:186). 2724:. BBC. 4 December 2009. 2656:Encyclopedia Britannica 2323:Paternalistic deception 2297:In the United Kingdom, 2281:conspicuous consumption 2254:Symbol of commercialism 2131:Christians condemn the 2117:Christian denominations 2090:Christmas controversies 1956:The Christmas issue of 1911:France's Postal Service 1873:France's Postal Service 1865:France's Postal Service 1829:Letters to Santa (film) 1738:Brockton, Massachusetts 1655:has a theme park named 1538: 1249:air traffic controllers 858:Eastern Orthodox Church 740:(better known today as 299:, and soon after their 8274:Post-War United States 7292:emailSanta.com Tracker 7205:6 October 2021 at the 7111:Belk, Russell. 1989. " 6313:, Carol-Jean Swanson, 6248:Zion Church in Beijing 5018:The New Zealand Herald 3904:Kürti, László (2020). 3802:Guinness World Records 3681:British Film Institute 3021:Orchard, Andy (1997). 2824:Öller, Rudolf (2004). 2607:version of Santa Claus 2332: 2290:, which translates as 2263: 2225:antireligious campaign 2192: 2186: 2162: 2103:, particularly in the 2026:In December 2000, the 2012: 1969: 1844:Universal Postal Union 1767:self-service checkouts 1729: 1721: 1569: 1561: 1482: 1444: 1432: 1416: 1362: 1346: 1323:Traditions and rituals 1284: 1243:then going on strike. 1225: 1183: 1117:Miracle on 34th Street 1079: 1068: 937: 889: 860:is kept on 7 January. 719: 694: 544: 488: 463: 403: 314:Basilica di San Nicola 260: 217:("Saint Nicholas") to 164:, and with the aid of 144:figure originating in 36:Santa (disambiguation) 8323:Hit singles in the US 8318:Hit singles in the UK 7879:Carols by Candlelight 7807:Santa Claus' daughter 7415:Adoration of the Magi 7237:All Things Considered 6518:Johnson, David Kyle. 6420:Associated Press News 5165:"Beijing Post Office" 3993:Lansing State Journal 3927:10.2478/hsy-2020-0010 2707:3 August 2012 at the 2687:30 April 2011 at the 2581:Christmas controversy 2330: 2261: 2202:, the founder of the 2156: 2002: 1982:Airservices Australia 1962:Weather Bureau Topics 1955: 1778:Master of Santa Claus 1727: 1715: 1683:, there is a home of 1567: 1552: 1535:-speaking countries. 1478:"a little round belly 1476: 1438: 1427: 1414: 1360: 1335: 1297:Guinness World Record 1279: 1222:Hershey, Pennsylvania 1215: 1168: 1106:Santa Claus in a film 1074: 1059: 946:The Coca-Cola Company 927: 878:Volunteers of America 871: 758:Henry Livingston, Jr. 752:on 23 December 1823; 714:, contains the line " 700: 688: 535: 479: 458: 433:illustration of the " 387: 263:Saint Nicholas was a 251: 59:1881 illustration by 9118:Christmas traditions 9103:Christmas characters 8615:Santa's Candy Castle 7939:Google Santa Tracker 7183:9 March 2012 at the 6864:"The Santa Delusion" 6862:Vines, Gail (2011). 6739:Smithsonian Magazine 6231:. 18 December 2018. 5665:. 24 December 2008. 5639:on 25 September 2010 5613:on 27 September 2011 5020:. 30 November 2004. 4713:on 27 September 2011 4593:"Minutes of meeting" 4186:. 23 December 2017. 4149:Contreras, Russell. 3964:. 20 December 2013. 3804:. 27 December 2014. 3673:"Santa Claus (1912)" 3025:, page 187. Cassell. 2953:on 14 December 2009. 2858:on 30 December 2012. 2749:. 22 December 2009. 2611:Santa Claus, Indiana 2437:New Zealand Skeptics 2341:fictional characters 1978:Google Santa Tracker 1610:Canadian citizenship 1441:annual holiday train 1381:or milk, along with 1282:Liverpool Santa Dash 997:traditional manner. 962:White Rock Beverages 754:Clement Clarke Moore 416:during the reign of 267:Christian bishop of 227:Christmas traditions 208:Christmas literature 8620:Santa Claus Village 8535:Christmas Mountains 8441:Journey of the Magi 7447:Baptism of the Lord 6880:2011NewSc.210Q..29M 6466:2020PLoSO..1534142K 6422:. 2 December 1987. 6364:"Santa goes green!" 6353:, 13 December 2006. 6303:on 26 December 2007 6271:St. Nicholas Center 6038:Nissenbaum, chap. 1 5695:on 10 December 2010 5561:on 25 December 2014 5310:on 16 February 2011 5284:on 20 December 2010 4834:on 28 November 2011 4808:on 22 December 2010 4629:. 5 November 2020. 4413:on 24 December 2010 4387:on 27 December 2013 4344:www.linternaute.com 4238:on 30 December 2010 4130:on 12 December 2007 3747:on 21 December 2010 3526:on 15 November 2012 3459:The Washington Post 3157:Rivington's Gazette 2832:on 15 February 2008 2680:B. K. Swartz, Jr.; 2461:Christianity portal 2178:Copenhagen, Denmark 2074:Windows Live Spaces 1669:Santa Claus Village 1608:, formally awarded 1555:Santa Claus Village 1084:Santa Claus in film 1075:Claus portrayed by 833:Katharine Lee Bates 673:in areas where the 653:History of New York 330:St. Nicholas Church 291:In 1087, while the 275:) in the region of 233:Predecessor figures 177:folklore traditions 9143:Holiday characters 9108:Christian folklore 8730:Twelve-dish supper 8580:Jews and Christmas 8530:Christmas Lectures 8259:American Civil War 7994:NORAD Tracks Santa 7370:Saint Nicholas Day 7287:NORAD Tracks Santa 7082:The New York Times 7034:10.1037/dev0001662 6957:on 19 January 2021 6826:The New York Times 6765:The New York Times 6689:. 17 December 2018 6337:on 20 January 2007 6002:on 8 January 2010. 5884:on 24 October 2007 5858:on 13 October 2012 5720:The New York Times 5227:on 1 December 2011 4994:on 21 January 2012 4599:on 22 October 2010 4064:on 5 December 2012 4024:The New York Times 3882:Walsh, Joseph J.. 3828:"Guiness [ 3428:The New York Times 3322:William John Duane 3243:The New York Times 2421:David Kyle Johnson 2333: 2264: 2163: 2013: 2009:NORAD Tracks Santa 1994:Bing Maps Platform 1974:NORAD Tracks Santa 1970: 1730: 1722: 1594:island of Montréal 1570: 1562: 1445: 1433: 1417: 1363: 1347: 1285: 1226: 1080: 1069: 1052:In popular culture 938: 890: 722:In 1821, the book 720: 695: 545: 489: 464: 404: 326:San Nicolò al Lido 261: 9085: 9084: 9061: 9060: 8725:Thirteen desserts 8645:Virginia O'Hanlon 8490:Advent Conspiracy 8404:Films (Christmas, 8396:A Christmas Carol 8341:Carols for Choirs 7884:Cavalcade of Magi 7864:Boar's Head Feast 7533:Star of Bethlehem 7504:Nativity of Jesus 7492:flight into Egypt 7377:St. Stephen's Day 7216:978-0-679-74038-4 7193:978-0-7864-2293-7 7168:978-0-7710-1668-4 7144:978-0-7710-1535-9 6985:The Dominion Post 6806:978-1-4419-8065-6 5922:Cochran, Sylvia. 5500:on 1 January 2010 5474:on 11 August 2011 5366:on 26 August 2011 5197:on 7 January 2008 4908:. Canadapost.ca. 4528:Dedham Transcript 4503:on 30 August 2019 4338:Choffat, Axelle. 4216:on 24 April 2008. 3618:Los Angeles Times 3391:978-1-58234-419-5 3071:For example, see 3041:, pages 379–380. 2429:religious beliefs 2409:critical thinking 2389:that it promotes 2354:Age-inappropriate 2204:Christian Science 2140:American colonies 2111:of him and other 1842:According to the 1809:Walt Disney World 1794:COVID-19 pandemic 1761:, discount store 1743:Oxford Properties 1675:are located near 1443:in Chicago, 2012. 1383:Christmas pudding 1002:George Melachrino 991:Charles W. Howard 886:Chicago, Illinois 818:George P. Webster 712:Virginia O'Hanlon 649:Washington Irving 509:" (in Dutch) or " 444:A Christmas Carol 441:'s festive story 399:A Christmas Carol 265:4th-century Greek 210:as "ho, ho, ho!" 172:through the air. 111: 110: 16:(Redirected from 9160: 9077: 9073: 9072: 8908:Redcurrant sauce 8697: 8691: 8690: 8686: 8660:Winter festivals 8410:Christmas horror 8377: 8288: 8119: 7974:Meals and feasts 7894:Christmas jumper 7841: 7812:Santa's reindeer 7764: 7710:Father Christmas 7674: 7631:Santa's workshop 7552: 7514:in later culture 7392: 7385: 7378: 7371: 7364: 7357: 7350: 7343: 7330: 7321: 7314: 7307: 7298: 7297: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7073: 7062: 7061: 7013: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6976: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6943: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6932: 6913: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6899: 6859: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6756: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6730: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6605:The Conversation 6596: 6590: 6589: 6557: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6524:Psychology Today 6515: 6506: 6505: 6495: 6477: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6360: 6354: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6333:. 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Royal Mail. 5091: 5065: 5035: 5005: 4979: 4949: 4923: 4897: 4871: 4845: 4819: 4788: 4751: 4724: 4675: 4644: 4614: 4583: 4549: 4514: 4483: 4457: 4424: 4398: 4376:The Enterprise 4361: 4330: 4300: 4285:(in Russian). 4274: 4249: 4219: 4201: 4171: 4141: 4114: 4095: 4075: 4049: 4010: 3979: 3949: 3896: 3875: 3849: 3819: 3789: 3758: 3732: 3698: 3664: 3655: 3636: 3603: 3583: 3568: 3537: 3507: 3476: 3445: 3414: 3395: 3374: 3354: 3335: 3326: 3313: 3298: 3268: 3229: 3210:Old Santeclaus 3195: 3161: 3144: 3121:Sirén, Ilkka. 3113: 3100: 3093: 3064: 3047: 3027: 3014: 2983: 2957: 2938: 2919: 2899: 2889: 2877: 2861: 2843: 2816: 2790: 2764: 2727: 2713: 2693: 2673: 2642: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2622:amusement park 2608: 2598: 2593: 2583: 2578: 2575:Old Man Winter 2566: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2552:Greek Orthodox 2545: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2522: 2516: 2511: 2505: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2478: 2464: 2448: 2445: 2413: 2412: 2405: 2402: 2387: 2384: 2318: 2315: 2306:among others. 2255: 2252: 2248:Hebei province 2233:Christmas tree 2212: 2209: 2148:New Netherland 2101:Saint Nicholas 2096: 2093: 2085: 2082: 2062:emailSanta.com 2040:Silicon Valley 1949: 1946: 1919: 1918: 1902: 1891: 1884: 1820: 1819:Letter writing 1817: 1774:Jonathan Meath 1759:United Kingdom 1703: 1700: 1641:Nordic country 1540: 1537: 1499: 1496: 1484: 1483: 1421: 1418: 1406:Christmas tree 1354: 1351: 1345:(c. 1665–1668) 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1199:Mephistopheles 1178:Jonathan Meath 1173: 1094:assembly lines 1077:Jonathan Meath 1053: 1050: 1022:'s 1948 novel 980:Salvation Army 917:The Road to Oz 865: 862: 746:Troy, New York 682: 679: 624: 621: 619: 616: 529: 526: 518:Père Fouettard 511:Père Fouettard 482:Père Fouettard 472:Saint Nicholas 452: 449: 406:Main article: 381: 378: 320:and placed in 301:Greek Orthodox 297:Seljuq dynasty 244:Saint Nicholas 242:Main article: 239: 238:Saint Nicholas 236: 234: 231: 181:Saint Nicholas 118:Saint Nicholas 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 92: 91:Known for 88: 87: 85: 84: 81: 78: 75: 74:Saint Nicholas 71: 69: 65: 64: 58: 50: 49: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9165: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9078: 9068: 9067: 9064: 9054: 9051: 9048: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9005: 9003: 9001:Meat and fish 8999: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8968: 8962: 8959: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8939:Hot chocolate 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8921: 8919: 8915: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8868: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8753: 8751: 8747: 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7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7869:Candle arches 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7859:Advent wreath 7857: 7855: 7854:Advent candle 7852: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7836: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7761:Companions of 7757: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673:Gift-bringers 7668: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7545: 7539: 7538:Twelfth Night 7536: 7534: 7531: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7506: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7499:Nativity Fast 7497: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7457:Christmastide 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7432:Angel Gabriel 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7411: 7410:Biblical Magi 7408: 7407: 7405: 7399: 7393: 7388: 7386: 7381: 7379: 7374: 7372: 7367: 7365: 7363:Christmas Eve 7360: 7358: 7353: 7351: 7346: 7344: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7322: 7317: 7315: 7310: 7308: 7303: 7302: 7299: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7227: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7201: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7179: 7178:, 2nd edition 7177: 7172: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7148: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7132: 7129: 7124: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 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MIG. 1993. 6135: 6134:Echo of Islam 6129: 6122: 6119: 6113: 6111:9781860643972 6107: 6103: 6096: 6088: 6081: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6044: 6035: 6019: 6015: 6009: 6001: 5997: 5991: 5983: 5977: 5973: 5966: 5958: 5952: 5948: 5941: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5911: 5907: 5904: 5899: 5883: 5879: 5873: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5840: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5806: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5779: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5710: 5694: 5690: 5684: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5654: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5612: 5608: 5602: 5586: 5582: 5576: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5299: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5226: 5222: 5221:Beijing Today 5218: 5212: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5160: 5144: 5140: 5134: 5127: 5121: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5009: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4967: 4963: 4962:The Connexion 4959: 4953: 4937: 4933: 4927: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4885: 4881: 4875: 4859: 4855: 4849: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4807: 4803: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4777:on 8 May 2011 4776: 4772: 4771:Asian Tribune 4768: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4728: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4686: 4679: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4648: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4611: 4598: 4594: 4587: 4580: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4553: 4546: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4445: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4428: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4365: 4349: 4346:(in French). 4345: 4341: 4334: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4304: 4288: 4284: 4278: 4259: 4253: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4159: 4155: 4152: 4145: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4102: 4098: 4096:9780195355093 4092: 4088: 4087: 4079: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4014: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3987:Lehr, Sarah. 3983: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3900: 3893: 3892:0-664-22312-5 3889: 3885: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3837: 3833: 3831: 3823: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3762: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3729: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3702: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3668: 3659: 3652: 3648: 3645: 3640: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3614: 3607: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3579: 3572: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3495: 3491: 3490:Atlas Obscura 3487: 3480: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3381:Jeremy Seal, 3378: 3371: 3367: 3364: 3361:Thomas Nast, 3358: 3350: 3346: 3339: 3330: 3323: 3317: 3309: 3302: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3217: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3168: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3110: 3104: 3096: 3094:9781848557840 3090: 3086: 3078: 3077: 3068: 3061: 3057: 3051: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3035:Simek, Rudolf 3031: 3024: 3018: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2926: 2922: 2920:9780190208783 2916: 2912: 2911: 2903: 2893: 2884: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2723: 2717: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619:Holiday World 2616: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2490: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2451: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2435:as well. The 2434: 2430: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2369: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2329: 2324: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2221:state atheism 2218: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2129:nonconformist 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2091: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2017:Sears-Roebuck 2010: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1945: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1900: 1899:Deutsche Post 1896: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1578:United States 1574: 1566: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1536: 1534: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1507: 1502: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1481: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1442: 1437: 1431: 1426: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1391:Christmas Eve 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373:or beer, and 1372: 1368: 1359: 1353:Christmas Eve 1350: 1344: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1320: 1318: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1234:Santa's elves 1231: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1187: 1186:Norman Corwin 1179: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1164:cultural icon 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1137:Mickey Rooney 1133: 1131: 1130: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1095: 1089: 1085: 1078: 1073: 1066: 1064: 1058: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1034:Robert L. 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