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divided among seven millions and a half or eight millions. The poor consequently must live much worse, and many of them be reduced to severe distress. The number of labourers also being above the proportion of the work in the market, the price of labour must tend toward a decrease; while the price of provisions would at the same time tend to rise. The labourer therefore must work harder to earn the same as he did before. During this season of distress, the discouragements to marriage, and the difficulty of rearing a family are so great, that population is at a stand. In the mean time the cheapness of labour, the plenty of labourers, and the necessity of an increased industry amongst them, encourage cultivators to employ more labour upon their land; to turn up fresh soil, and to manure and improve more completely what is already in tillage; till ultimately the means of subsistence become in the same proportion to the population as at the period from which we set out. The situation of the labourer being then again tolerably comfortable, the restraints to population are in some degree loosened; and the same retrograde and progressive movements with respect to happiness are repeated.
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the future, society won't be able to feed every person and eventually die. Malthus theory was incorrect, however, because by the early 1900s and mid 1900s, the rise of conventional foods brought a decline to food production and efficiency increased exponentially. More supply was being produced with less work, less resources, and less time. Processed foods had much to do with it, many wives wanting to spend less time in the kitchen and instead work. This was the beginning of technological advancements adhering to food demand even in the middle of a war. Economists disregarded
Malthus population theory because Malthus didn't factor in important roles society would have on economic growth. These factors concerned the society's need to improve their quality of life and their want for economic prosperity. Cultural shifts also had much to do with food production increase, and this put end to the population theory.
717:, has written that contrary to neo-Malthusian theory, Earth's "carrying capacity" is essentially limitless. Simon argues not that there is an infinite physical amount of, say, copper, but for human purposes that amount should be treated as infinite because it is not bounded or limited in any economic sense, because: 1) known reserves are of uncertain quantity 2) New reserves may become available, either through discovery or via the development of new extraction techniques 3) recycling 4) more efficient utilization of existing reserves (e.g., "It takes much less copper now to pass a given message than a hundred years ago." ) 5) development of economic equivalents, e.g., optic fibre in the case of copper for telecommunications. Responding to Simon,
548:. However, poor health and economic conditions are also considered instances of positive checks. When these lead to high rates of premature death, the result is termed a Malthusian catastrophe. The adjacent diagram depicts the abstract point at which such an event would occur, in terms of existing population and food supply: when the population reaches or exceeds the capacity of the shared supply, positive checks are forced to occur, restoring balance. (In reality the situation would be significantly more nuanced due to complex regional and individual disparities around access to food, water, and other resources.)
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270:, often citing advances in agricultural techniques and modern reductions in human fertility. Some modern proponents believe that the basic concept of population growth eventually outstripping resources is still fundamentally valid, and that positive checks are still likely to occur in humanity's future if no action is taken to intentionally curb population growth. In spite of the variety of criticisms against it, the Malthusian argument remains a major discourse based on which national and international environmental regulations are promoted.
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850:, that a British breakout may have been caused by differences in reproduction rates among the rich and the poor (the rich were more likely to marry, tended to have more children, and, in a society where disease was rampant and childhood mortality at times approached 50%, upper-class children were more likely to survive to adulthood than poor children.) This in turn led to sustained "downward mobility": the descendants of the rich becoming more populous in British society and spreading
223:. Malthus, a devout Christian, believed that "self-control" (i.e., abstinence) was preferable to artificial birth control. He also worried that the effect of contraceptive use would be too powerful in curbing growth, conflicting with the common 18th century perspective (to which Malthus himself adhered) that a steadily growing population remained a necessary factor in the continuing "progress of society", generally. Modern neo-Malthusians are generally more concerned than Malthus with
1092:(1879) criticised Malthus's view that population growth was a cause of poverty, arguing that poverty was caused by the concentration of ownership of land and natural resources. George noted that humans are distinct from other species, because unlike most species humans can use their minds to leverage the reproductive forces of nature to their advantage. He wrote, "Both the hawk and the man eat chickens; but the more hawks, the fewer chickens, while the more men, the more chickens."
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1202:". One branch of unified growth theory is devoted to the interaction between human evolution and economic development. In particular, Oded Galor and Omer Moav argue that the forces of natural selection during the Malthusian epoch selected beneficial traits to the growth process and this growth enhancing change in the composition of human traits brought about the escape from the Malthusian trap, the demographic transition, and the take-off to modern growth.
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depopulation. They are the precursors in the great army of destruction, and often finish the dreadful work themselves. But should they fail in this war of extermination, sickly seasons, epidemics, pestilence, and plague advance in terrific array, and sweep off their thousands and tens of thousands. Should success be still incomplete, gigantic inevitable famine stalks in the rear, and with one mighty blow levels the population with the food of the world.
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432:. Darwin was impressed by the idea that population growth would eventually lead to more organisms than could possibly survive in any given environment, leading him to theorize that organisms with a relative advantage in the struggle for survival and reproduction would be able to pass their characteristics on to further generations. Proponents of Malthusianism were in turn influenced by
1033:(1839), he denied the possibility that "twenty-four millions" of English "working people", "scattered over a hundred and eighteen thousand square miles of space", could collectively "take a resolution" to diminish the supply of labourers "and act on it". Even if they could, the ongoing influx of Irish immigrants would render their efforts redundant. Associating Malthusianism with
579:" ("Malthusian politics") refer to population control strategies. The concept of restriction of the population associated with Malthus morphed, in later political-economic theory, into the notion of restriction of production. In the French sense, a "Malthusian economy" is one in which protectionism and the formation of cartels is not only tolerated but encouraged.
452:" movement in the United States concerned itself with resource depletion and natural protection in the first half of the twentieth century, Desrochers and Hoffbauer write, "It is probably fair to say ... that it was not until the publication of Osborn's and Vogt's books that a Malthusian revival took hold of a significant segment of the American population".
1106:(1971) that technological progress will eventually reduce the demographic growth and environmental damage created by civilisation. He also opposed coercive measures postulated by neo-malthusian movements of his time arguing that their cost will fall disproportionately on the low-income population who are struggling already.
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property rights) can promote more efficient consumption and investment that are sustainable in an ecological sense; that is, given the current (relatively low) population growth rate, the
Malthusian catastrophe can be avoided by either a shift in consumer preferences or public policy that induces a similar shift.
1001:, invoking the advantages mankind derives from "improved industry, improved conveyance, improvements in morals, government and religion", denied that there was a "law of nature" that procreation must outrun the means of subsistence. Ireland's problem was not her "numbers" but her indifferent government. In
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While short-term trends, even on the scale of decades or centuries, cannot prove or disprove the existence of mechanisms promoting a
Malthusian catastrophe over longer periods, due to the prosperity of a major fraction of the human population at the beginning of the 21st century, and the debatability
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According to
Malthus, population doubled every 25 years. Population sat at less than 17 million people in the U.S. in the 1850s and a century later, according to the United States Census Bureau, population had risen to 150 million. Malthus overpopulation would lead to war, famine, and diseases and in
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published a study of lifespans and nutrition from about a century before
Malthus to the 19th century that examined European birth and death records, military and other records of height and weight that found significant stunted height and low body weight indicative of chronic hunger and malnutrition.
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by making employers and landowners less well off while improving the economic prospects and living standards of workers. He says that "the observed improvement in living standards of the laboring population was rooted in the suffering and premature death of tens of millions over the course of several
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according to
Malthus is that in which nature may alter population changes. Some primary examples are celibacy and chastity but also contraception, which Malthus condemned as morally indefensible along with infanticide, abortion and adultery. In other words, preventive checks control the population by
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reiterates the potential of population growth as an exponential (or as expressed by
Malthus, "geometrical") curve to outstrip both natural resources and human ingenuity. Bartlett writes and lectures particularly on energy supplies, and describes the "inability to understand the exponential function"
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He argued that although human populations tend to increase, the happiness of a nation requires a like increase in food production. "The happiness of a country does not depend, absolutely, upon its poverty, or its riches, upon its youth, or its age, upon its being thinly, or fully inhabited, but upon
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Research indicates that technological superiority and higher land productivity had significant positive effects on population density but insignificant effects on the standard of living during the time period 1–1500 AD. In addition, scholars have reported on the lack of a significant trend of wages
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argued that
Malthus failed to recognise a crucial difference between humans and other species. In capitalist societies, as Engels put it, scientific and technological "progress is as unlimited and at least as rapid as that of population". Marx argued, even more broadly, that the growth of both a
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We will suppose the means of subsistence in any country just equal to the easy support of its inhabitants. The constant effort towards population...increases the number of people before the means of subsistence are increased. The food therefore which before supported seven millions, must now be
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and Paul
Ehrlich suggests that the central concerns regarding sustainability have shifted from population growth to the consumption/savings ratio, due to shifts in population growth rates since the 1970s. Empirical estimates show that public policy (taxes or the establishment of more complete
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was brought about in part due to excessive population pressures. He argues that Rwanda "illustrates a case where
Malthus's worst-case scenario does seem to have been right." Due to population pressures in Rwanda, Diamond explains that the population density combined with lagging technological
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is an extreme but possible outcome from this process. The theory posits that such a catastrophe would force the population to "correct" back to a lower, more easily sustainable level (quite rapidly, due to the potential severity and unpredictable results of the mitigating factors involved, as
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in about 328 BC, the corresponding wage could buy about 24 pounds of wheat. In England in 1800 AD the wage was about 13 pounds of wheat. In spite of the technological developments across these societies, the daily wage hardly varied. In Britain between 1200 and 1800, only relatively minor
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Famine seems to be the last, the most dreadful resource of nature. The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race. The vices of mankind are active and able ministers of
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He also found short lifespans that he attributed to chronic malnourishment which left people susceptible to disease. Lifespans, height and weight began to steadily increase in the UK and France after 1750. Fogel's findings are consistent with estimates of available food supply.
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advancements caused its food production to not be able to keep up with its population. Diamond claims that this environment is what caused the mass killings of Tutsi and even some Hutu Rwandans. The genocide, in this instance, provides a potential example of a Malthusian trap.
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The testable prediction of the theory is that during the Malthusian epoch technologically advanced economies were characterized by higher population density, but their level of income per capita was not different from the level in societies that are technologically backward.
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suggested that expanding population leads to agricultural intensification and development of more productive and less labor-intensive methods of farming. Thus, human population levels determines agricultural methods, rather than agricultural methods determining population.
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compared to the relatively slow time scales and well-understood processes governing unchecked growth or growth affected by preventive checks). Malthusianism has been linked to a variety of political and social movements, but almost always refers to advocates of
486:(per person). While in the short run technological progress increases income per capita, resource abundance created by technological progress would enable population growth, and would eventually bring the per capita income back to its original long-run level.
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asserts that science has diminishing marginal returns and that scientific progress is becoming more difficult, harder to achieve, and more costly, which may reduce efficiency of the factors that prevented the Malthusian scenarios from happening in the past.
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study conducted in 2009 said that food production would have to increase by 70% over the next 40 years, and food production in the developing world would need to double to feed a projected population increase from 7.8 billion to 9.1 billion in 2050. The
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The great Malthusian dread was that "indiscriminate charity" would lead to exponential growth in the population in poverty, increased charges to the public purse to support this growing army of the dependent, and, eventually, the catastrophe of
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posits that waves of plague following the initial outbreak of the Black Death throughout Europe had a leveling effect that changed the ratio of land to labor, reducing the value of the former while boosting that of the latter, which lowered
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had developed a similar broadside against Malthusian political economy, arguing that poverty was sustained not by reckless propensity to propagate, but rather by the state's indulgence of the heedless concentration of private wealth.
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Malthusianism became a less common intellectual tradition as the 19th century advanced, mostly as a result of technological increases, the opening of new territory to agriculture, and increasing international trade. Although a
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Some researchers contend that a British breakout occurred due to technological improvements and structural change away from agricultural production, while coal, capital, and trade played a minor role. Economic historian
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to ensure resources and environmental integrities for current and future human populations as well as for other species. In Britain the term "Malthusian" can also refer more specifically to arguments made in favour of
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on food supplies. Many models of resource depletion and scarcity are Malthusian in character: the rate of energy consumption will outstrip the ability to find and produce new energy sources, and so lead to a crisis.
407:, taking a more optimistic tone, although there is some scholarly debate on the extent of his revisions. According to Dan Ritschel of the Center for History Education at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County,
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From approximately 2004 to 2011, concerns about "peak oil" and other forms of resource depletion became widespread in the United States, and motivated a large if short-lived subculture of neo-Malthusian "peakists".
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An Essay on the Principle of Population: A View of its Past and Present Effects on Human Happiness; with an Inquiry into Our Prospects Respecting the Future Removal or Mitigation of the Evils which It Occasions
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estimates that human population may peak in the late 21st century rather than continue to grow until it has exhausted available resources. Recent empirical research corroborates this assumption for most of the
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in various places over the world for very long stretches of time. In Babylonia during the period 1800 to 1600 BC, for example, the daily wage for a common laborer was enough to buy about 15 pounds of wheat. In
990:, where applying his thesis, Malthus proposed that "to give full effect to the natural resources of the country a great part of the population should be swept from the soil", there were early refutations. In
416:. Though Malthusianism has since come to be identified with the issue of general over-population, the original Malthusian concern was more specifically with the fear of over-population by the dependent poor.
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D. E. C. Eversley observed that Malthus appeared unaware of the extent of industrialisation, and either ignored or discredited the possibility that it could improve living conditions of the poorer classes.
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745:(floods, droughts, and other extreme weather events) are expected to negatively affect food production, with different impacts in different regions. The FAO also said the use of agricultural resources for
363:, and Malthus's own father who believed in the perfectibility of humanity. Malthus believed humanity's ability to reproduce too rapidly doomed efforts at perfection and caused various other problems.
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greatly increased crop yields, expanding the world's food supply while lowering food prices. In response, the growth rate of the world's population accelerated rapidly, resulting in predictions by
184:, the abundance of resources would enable population growth, which would eventually bring the supply of resources for each person back to its original level. Some economists contend that since the
396:. The Act was described by opponents as "a Malthusian bill designed to force the poor to emigrate, to work for lower wages, to live on a coarser sort of food", which initiated the construction of
3300:“New Ways to Make Food Are Coming-but Will Consumers Bite?” The Economist, The Economist Newspaper, www.economist.com/leaders/2021/10/02/new-ways-to-make-food-are-coming-but-will-consumers-bite.
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1019:(1819) wrote, "Mr Malthus wishes to confound the necessary limits of the produce of the earth with the arbitrary and artificial distribution of that produce by the institutions of society".
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Malthus was not the first to outline the problems he perceived. The original essay was part of an ongoing intellectual discussion at the end of the 18th century regarding the origins of
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A chart of estimated annual growth rates in world population, 1800–2005. Rates before 1950 are annualized historical estimates from the US Census Bureau. Red = USCB projections to 2025.
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The rapid increase in the global population of the past century exemplifies Malthus's predicted population patterns; it also appears to describe socio-demographic dynamics of complex
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902:, Simon Hopkins, and many others of an imminent Malthusian catastrophe. However, populations of most developed countries grew slowly enough to be outpaced by gains in productivity.
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may also put downward pressure on food availability. The more recent emergence of bio-energy with carbon capture (BECCS) as a prevalent "negative emissions" strategy for reaching
654:). During that time the population of the world rose dramatically. Many in environmental movements began to sound the alarm regarding the potential dangers of population growth.
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Prominent neo-Malthusians such as Paul Ehrlich maintain that ultimately, population growth on Earth is still too high, and will eventually lead to a serious crisis. The
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Growth in food production has historically been greater than the population growth. Food per person increased since 1961. The graph runs up to slightly past 2010.
983:. Malthus immediately and correctly recognised it to be an attack on his theory of wages. Ricardo and Malthus debated this in a lengthy personal correspondence.
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the rapidity with which it is increasing, upon the degree in which the yearly increase of food approaches to the yearly increase of an unrestricted population."
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There was a general "neo-Malthusian" revival in the mid-to-late 1940s, continuing through to the 2010s after the publication of two influential books in 1948 (
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Korotayev, Andrey; Zinkina, Julia (2015). "East Africa in the Malthusian Trap? A statistical analysis of financial, economic, and demographic indicators".
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failed to materialise due to radical changes in fertility that peaked at a growth of 2 percent per year in 1963 globally and has since rapidly declined.
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indicates that the Malthusian trap continues to operate. Others further argue that due to lack of food availability coupled with excessive pollution,
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Arrow, K.; Dasgupta, P.; Goulder, L.; Daily, G.; Ehrlich, P.; Heal, G.; Levin, S.; Mäler, K.; Schneider, S.; Starrett, D.; Walker, B. (2004).
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Crombach, L.; Smits, J. (2021). "The Demographic Window of Opportunity and Economic Growth at Sub-National Level in 91 Developing Countries".
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180:. Malthus suggested that while technological advances could increase a society's supply of resources, such as food, and thereby improve the
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The neo-Malthusian revival has drawn criticism from writers who claim the Malthusian warnings were overstated or premature because the
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advocated "humane birth selection through humane birth control" in order to avoid a Malthusian catastrophe by eliminating the "unfit".
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A Trap At The Escape From The Trap? Demographic-Structural Factors of Political Instability in Modern Africa and West Asia.
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A Trap At The Escape From The Trap? Demographic-Structural Factors of Political Instability in Modern Africa and West Asia.
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Boserup, Ester (1966). "The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure".
676:, argued that "a finite world can support only a finite population" and that "freedom to breed will bring ruin to all." The
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1049:(who had occasion to cite Ensor). referred to Malthusianism as "nothing more than a school-boyish, superficial plagiary of
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1487:"Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out)"
1274:- a U.S. National Security Council Study advocating population reduction in selected countries to advance U.S. interests
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specifically, experts say that this area of the world has not yet escaped the Malthusian effects of population growth.
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Allen, R. C. (2001). "The Great Divergence in European Wages and Prices from the Middle Ages to the First World War".
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https://www.usccb.org/about/pro-life-activities/respect-life-program/upload/Catholic-Teaching-on-Population-Issues.pdf
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Evidence supporting Malthusianism today can be seen in the poorer countries of the world with booming populations. In
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Largely due to effects of the "Green Revolution". In developing countries maize yields are also still rapidly rising.
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The view that a "breakout" from the Malthusian trap has led to an era of sustained economic growth is explored by "
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has brought substantial increases in food production and will be able to keep up with continued population growth.
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goes up due to fierce competition for these dwindling resources. This increased level of poverty eventually causes
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Malthus faced opposition from economists both during his life and since. A vocal critic several decades later was
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show more evidence of the trap as compared to developed countries. A similar, more modern concept, is that of
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An Inquiry Concerning the Population of Nations: Containing a Refutation of Mr. Malthus's Essay on Population
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fluctuations from the mean (less than a factor of two) in real wages occurred. Following depopulation by the
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Reproductive Rights in a Global Context: South Africa, Uganda, Peru, Denmark, United States, Vietnam, Jordan
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An Inquiry Concerning the Population of Nations containing a Refutation of Mr. Malthus's Essay on Population
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However, the propensity for population increase also leads to a natural cycle of abundance and shortages:
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1531:"The Malthusian Trap and Development in Pre-Industrial Societies: A View Differing from the Standard One"
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The Great Leveler: Violence and the History of Inequality from the Stone Age to the Twenty-First Century
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To manage population growth with respect to food supply, Malthus proposed methods which he described as
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388:, were futile, as these would only result in increased numbers of the poor; these theories played into
3016:"Malthusian Catastrophe Unfolding Across ME-Africa Region, With Egypt As A Case Study | Seeking Alpha"
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in 1972. The report and the organisation soon became central to the neo-Malthusian revival. Leading
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in the early 19th century, mankind has broken out of the trap. Others argue that the continuation of
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for a more detailed perspective on social pathologies that may develop prior to population collapse.
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generations." This leveling effect was reversed by a "demographic recovery that resulted in renewed
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On the assumption that the demographic transition is now spreading from the developed countries to
2152:""Outcast London" and the late-Victorian Discovery of Poverty: Malthusianism and the New Poor Law"
1948:
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production would remedy the failure of the potato crop as well as any prospective food shortages.
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and other epidemics, real income in Britain peaked around 1450–1500 and began declining until the
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is any event or circumstance that shortens the human life span. The primary examples of this are
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474:. Their theoretical structure suggests that as long as higher income has a positive effect on
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or inhuman. Many critics believe Malthusianism has been discredited since the publication of
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1811:
1565:"Malthusian Mutations: The changing politics and moral meanings of birth control in Britain"
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By the early 21st century, many technologically developed countries had passed through the
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The Malthusian Moment: Global Population Growth and the Birth of American Environmentalism
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The Malthusian Moment: Global Population Growth and the Birth of American Environmentalism
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The Malthusian Moment: Global Population Growth and the Birth of American Environmentalism
2409:
The Malthusian Moment: Global Population Growth and the Birth of American Environmentalism
2291:
1530:
870:
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was a critic of Neo-Malthusian theory (but not of birth control and abortion in general).
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in resource production, then technological progress has only a temporary effect on income
8:
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Agricultural Revolution in England: The transformation of the agrarian economy 1500–1850
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219:. Neo-Malthusians differ from Malthus's theories mainly in their support for the use of
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Galor, Oded; Moav, Omer (2002). "Natural Selection and The Origin of Economic Growth".
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Accounting for Breakout in Britain: The Industrial Revolution through a Malthusian Lens
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inspired further Malthusian arguments regarding the prospects for global food supply.
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Engels wrote that poverty and poor living conditions in 1844 had largely disappeared.
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History & Mathematics: Historical Dynamics and Development of Complex Societies.
4006:
Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends in Africa
3957:
Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth
1512:
470:
The modern formulation of the Malthusian theory was developed by Quamrul Ashraf and
262:
advocates, characterising it as excessively pessimistic, insufficiently researched,
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Malthusianism has attracted criticism from diverse schools of thought, including
212:
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8821:
3090:
2588:
Future Babble: Why Expert Predictions Fail – and Why We Believe Them Anyway
2319:
Simkins, Charles (2001). "Can South Africa Avoid a Malthusian Positive Check?".
627:. These findings are the basis for neo-Malthusian modern mathematical models of
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The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy
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counterpart to Malthus' primarily quantitative concerns about human populations
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These concepts derive from the political and economic thought of the Reverend
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The Politics of Evolution: Morphology, Medicine, and Reform in Radical London
1723:
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has been one of the most prominent neo-Malthusians since the publication of
370:'s tendency to reproduce rapidly, and his belief that this, rather than the
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Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends
3157:
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1731:
952:
A 2004 study by a group of prominent economists and ecologists, including
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65:, which eventually reduces living standards to the point of triggering a
54:
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4231:
2820:"Climate Change Threatens the World's Food Supply, United Nations Warns"
2735:
Peak oil: apocalyptic environmentalism and libertarian political culture
2334:
30:
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3531:"Thomas Carlyle and Political Economy: The 'Dismal Science' in Context"
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3328:
1226:
697:. Other prominent Malthusians include the Paddock brothers, authors of
483:
471:
464:
151:
2642:
1865:
844:, building on the insights of Galor and Moav, has argued, in his book
557:
Malthusian theory is a recurrent theme in many social science venues.
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1914:
The Skeptical Environmentalist: Measuring the Real State of the World
1690:"Resources, Population, Environment: An Oversupply of False Bad News"
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1026:
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397:
251:
239:
231:
58:
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4004:
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1571:. Clio Medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands). Vol. 59. Dolan (2000),
894:
produced a dramatic increase in productivity of agriculture and the
378:, led to their poverty, brought widespread criticism of his theory.
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8790:
8775:
8306:
8291:
8193:
8031:
7479:
6474:
5779:
5341:
5264:
5225:
4232:
United Nations Population Division World Population Trends homepage
3045:
2006:
1486:
746:
541:
437:
235:
3809:
More People, Greater Wealth, More Resources, Healthier Environment
3657:
Engels, Friedrich. "Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy",
8770:
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8456:
8446:
8254:
8066:
7778:
7773:
4807:
4757:
1184:
987:
460:
348:
119:
6518:
6231:
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
504:
381:
Malthusians perceived ideas of charity to the poor, typified by
8780:
8706:
7366:
6125:
5614:
5246:
4631:
3605:
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Ireland and the Irish Question,
1656:"A Bulletin Dialogue: on "The Closing Circle" – Response"
1158:
which it contends is human technology and medical statistician
545:
428:, and the ideas of Malthus were a significant influence on the
155:
127:
111:
42:
693:
has acknowledged the influence of Malthus on his concept of a
493:
8451:
8210:
6458:
5068:
4077:"Population Dynamics and Internal Warfare: A Reconsideration"
2804:
2656:
2563:(2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Island Press. p. xvi.
2270:"Reading: Demographic Theories | Introductory Sociology"
2171:"Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch"
1040:
3093:(Report). Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Report 639.
8795:
4227:
David Friedman's essay arguing against Malthus' conclusions
3311:"Major Moments in Food & Agriculture: 1900's Until Now"
382:
3974:
3950:
3441:"Echoes of the Malthusian Debate at the Population Summit"
1791:
Diocesan Development Program for Natural Family Planning.
1573:
Malthus, Medicine & Morality: Malthusianism after 1798
1399:
Malthus, Medicine & Morality: Malthusianism after 1798
3243:
1453:
A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World
537:
147:
115:
2532:
Taking Nature Into Account: A Report to the Club of Rome
1322:"The Post War Intellectual Roots of the Population Bomb"
355:
was specifically written as a rebuttal to thinkers like
34:
Thomas Robert Malthus, after whom Malthusianism is named
3827:"Can Technology Deliver on the Yield Challenge to 2050"
3416:
Observations on the Population and Resources of Ireland
2805:"Special Report on Climate Change and Land — IPCC site"
2785:"FAO - News Article: 2050: A third more mouths to feed"
1183:
Wheat yields in developing countries since 1961, in kg/
1148:
in the 1960s and 1970s, some people, such as economist
992:
Observations on the population and resources of Ireland
5463:
International Conference on Population and Development
4107:. Darmstadt Discussion Papers in Economics 232, 2018.
3698:
Social theories of fertility and the Malthusian debate
2862:
909:, a complex social development encompassing a drop in
7614:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
6248:
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
3621:
Capital: A Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production
2051:
The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100
2028:
The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844
672:
that drew heavily from Malthusian theory. His essay,
508:
The Malthusian catastrophe simplistically illustrated
7540:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
3999:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
819:
4279:
4166:
Wretched Faces: Famine in Wartime England 1793-1801
4109:
The Principle of Population and the Malthusian Trap
4105:
The Principle of Population and the Malthusian Trap
2237:"Malthus, malthusianism, family planning and ONAPO"
1319:
6169:Health expenditure by country by type of financing
3824:
3602:Karl Marx (1869), "Marx to Engels" (6. November),
2948:
2732:
2585:
2258:le malthusianisme, le planning familial et l'ONAPO
1949:"Green revolution could still blow up in our face"
1911:
1428:"From Stagnation to Growth: Unified Growth Theory"
700:Famine 1975! America's Decision: Who Will Survive?
403:Malthus revised his theories in later editions of
3608:New York, International Publishers, 1972, p. 388.
3284:Economics Evolving: A History of Economic Thought
2871:"Dynamics and Stagnation in the Malthusian Epoch"
2602:
2186:"Dynamics and Stagnation in the Malthusian Epoch"
1366:Marsh, Meredith; Alagona, Peter S., eds. (2008).
1330:The Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development
1320:Desrochers, Pierre; Hoffbauer, Christine (2009).
1300:
722:as the "greatest shortcoming of the human race".
9421:
8668:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
6242:Progress in International Reading Literacy Study
4067:
3089:Tepper, Alexander; Borowiecki, Karol J. (2013).
3088:
3038:
1480:
738:United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
436:, both schools coming to influence the field of
420:One proponent of Malthusianism was the novelist
278:
8903:
3825:Fischer, R. A.; Byerlee, Eric; Edmeades, E. O.
3333:. M. H. Dobb. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund11 vols
1124:, summarised how the Malthusian predictions of
8566:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
6236:Programme for International Student Assessment
2767:"2050 High-Level Experts Forum: Issues briefs"
2662:
2071:
1421:
1419:
1078:" within it, occurred in direct proportion to
866:Global deaths in conflicts since the year 1400
146:would occur, which would likely cause a major
8889:
7571:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
7412:
7398:
6534:
6427:
5600:
5084:
4265:
4241:
4222:Malthus' Essay on the Principle of Population
3330:The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo
3228:
2675:Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development
2605:"Neo-Malthusianism in the Early 20th Century"
49:is potentially exponential, according to the
6139:Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza
1365:
574:
27:Idea about population growth and food supply
7619:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
5488:United Nations world population conferences
3624:. Appleton & Company. pp. 753 n.5.
2868:
2840:"FAO says Food Production must Rise by 70%"
2183:
1844:
1802:
1800:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1416:
494:Preventive vs. positive population controls
227:and catastrophic famine than with poverty.
8896:
8882:
7722:Climate change and civilizational collapse
7405:
7391:
6541:
6527:
6434:
6420:
6184:Total healthcare spending as % of GDP
6164:Percentage suffering from undernourishment
5607:
5593:
5401:Population and housing censuses by country
5091:
5077:
4272:
4258:
3933:"How We Can Exorcise the Ghost of Malthus"
3570:Cumming, Mark, ed. (2004). "Indian Meal".
3438:
3140:"Historical Estimates of World Population"
1905:
1903:
1434:. Vol. 1. Elsevier. pp. 171–293.
4783:Environmental issues in the United States
4029:"An Essay on the Principle of Population"
3902:
3886:
3546:
3277:
3275:
3263:
3166:, see graph metadata for further details.
3123:
3044:
2896:
2505:
2292:"An Essay on The Principle of Population"
2211:
2081:From Malthus to the Club of Rome and Back
1361:
1359:
430:inception of Darwin's theory of evolution
8725:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
8663:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
6287:Official Development Assistance received
5124:Estimates of historical world population
4768:Effects of climate change on agriculture
4125:
3813:Economic Affairs: J. Inst. Econ. Affairs
3695:
2979:
2818:Flavelle, Christopher (August 8, 2019).
2817:
2624:
2234:
1806:
1797:
1653:
1647:
1438:
1178:
925:, and a wider availability of effective
877:
869:
861:
834:
552:
503:
459:
405:An Essay on the Principles of Population
29:
4208:. The Anthropik Network. Archived from
4113:
4036:Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project
4023:
3930:
3834:Expert Meeting on How to Feed the World
3745:
3696:Eversley, David Edward Charles (1959).
3569:
3502:
3323:
3190:
3059:
2946:
2603:Martinez-Alier, Joan; Masjuan, Eduard.
2583:
2577:
2390:The Working Class and Neo-Malthusianism
2318:
2299:Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project
2286:
2112:
2077:
2041:
2039:
1999:An Essay on the Principle of Population
1992:
1909:
1900:
1789:Catholic Teaching on Population Issues.
1744:
1738:
1528:
1391:
1389:
1369:Barrons AP Human Geography 2008 Edition
1025:dismissed Malthusianism as pessimistic
424:whose circle of acquaintances included
328:An Essay on the Principle of Population
312:An Essay on the Principle of Population
290:An Essay on the Principle of Population
177:An Essay on the Principle of Population
14:
9422:
6259:World Intellectual Property Indicators
4773:Effects of climate change on livestock
4121:(Sixth ed.). London: John Murray.
3978:; Malkov, A.; Khaltourina, D. (2006).
3954:; Malkov, A.; Khaltourina, D. (2006).
3736:, Rutgers University Press, p 181-184.
3648:, 1976 (originally 1867), pp. 782–802.
3528:
3419:. Joshua Porter. pp. 4, 8, 13–14.
3412:
3281:
3272:
2528:
2474:
2465:, Rutgers University Press, p 126-151.
2021:
1965:
1946:
1885:
1847:"Physics, Philosophy, and ... Ecology"
1636:Marx and Engels on the Population Bomb
1356:
1272:National Security Study Memorandum 200
756:
596:"Neo-Malthusianism" is a concern that
9059:Marxian critique of political economy
8877:
7386:
6522:
6441:
6415:
6149:Infant and under-five mortality rates
5588:
5072:
4253:
4240:
4163:
4144:
3996:See especially Chapter 2 of this book
3867:
3782:
3633:
3631:
3485:
3360:"Malthusian Models and Irish History"
3357:
2919:
2869:Ashraf, Quamrul; Galor, Oded (2011).
2699:
2383:
2184:Ashraf, Quamrul; Galor, Oded (2011).
2045:
2031:. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co.
1783:
1781:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1449:
1425:
1395:
1015:Following the same line of argument,
811:(2005), for example, argues that the
455:
7742:Tipping points in the climate system
6904:New international division of labour
5557:
5027:
4883:Tropical cyclones and climate change
3617:
3580:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
3509:. London: William Hone. p. 426.
3103:
2733:Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew (2015).
2555:
2452:, Rutgers University Press, p 36-60.
2168:
2036:
1639:. The Ramparts Press. Archived from
1632:
1628:
1626:
1575:, p. 141: Rodopi. pp. 141–163.
1562:
1558:
1556:
1524:
1522:
1386:
174:, as laid out in his 1798 writings,
7737:Extinction risk from climate change
7636:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
6361:Number of billionaires (US dollars)
6356:Number of millionaires (US dollars)
6179:Total health expenditure per capita
6062:Ethnic and cultural diversity level
5493:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
4916:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
4147:The Most Powerful Idea in the World
3479:
3111:European Review of Economic History
3013:
2162:
826:Industrial Revolution § Causes
142:. If asset prices keep increasing,
24:
8697:List of fictional doomsday devices
5899:Past and future population density
3923:
3628:
3199:
3193:A Systematic Foray into the Future
2592:. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
2355:
2280:
1778:
1678:
668:published an influential essay in
563:Economic Consequences of the Peace
392:economic ideas exemplified by the
215:, hence organizations such as the
25:
9476:
7717:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
6548:
5385:Population and Development Review
4563:pharmaceuticals and personal care
4194:
3931:Revelle, Roger (6 January 1974).
3852:The Collapse of Complex Societies
3838:Food and Agriculture Organization
3672:"Progress and Poverty, Chapter 8"
3529:Jordan, Alexander (19 May 2017).
3445:Population and Development Review
3195:. Barker Books. pp. 513–569.
3163:Food and Agriculture Organization
2790:Food and Agriculture Organization
2612:Universidad AutĂłnoma de Barcelona
1947:Fraser, Colin (3 February 2008).
1660:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
1623:
1569:Malthus, Medicine, & Morality
1553:
1519:
975:Limits to Growth § Criticism
820:Theory of breakout via technology
727:2007–2008 world food price crisis
97:) has been predicted to occur if
9363:History of macroeconomic thought
9188:Neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
8833:
8832:
8820:
7978:Decline in amphibian populations
7365:
7355:
7354:
6565:
6319:planetary pressures–adjusted HDI
5569:
5568:
5556:
5433:Population concern organizations
5139:Projections of population growth
5038:
5037:
5026:
4714:decline in amphibian populations
4419:Deforestation and climate change
3251:Journal of Economic Perspectives
3207:"2004 UN Population Projections"
2922:Explorations in Economic History
2529:Dieren, Wouter van, ed. (1995).
1529:Tisdell, Clem (1 January 2015).
979:One of the earliest critics was
945:, with the exception of most of
854:such as hard work and literacy.
753:goals is another such pressure.
342:
8329:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
7826:Land surface effects on climate
7799:Human impact on the environment
7430:Future of an expanding universe
6566:
5534:Human impact on the environment
5468:Population Action International
4848:Land surface effects on climate
4305:Environmental impact assessment
4281:Human impact on the environment
4217:Essay on life of Thomas Malthus
3880:
3861:
3844:
3818:
3801:
3776:
3739:
3726:
3689:
3664:
3659:Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher
3651:
3611:
3596:
3563:
3522:
3513:
3496:
3432:
3423:
3406:
3364:The Journal of Economic History
3351:
3317:
3303:
3294:
3237:
3222:
3184:
3150:
3132:
3097:
3082:
3053:
3032:
3007:
2973:
2940:
2913:
2832:
2811:
2797:
2777:
2759:
2737:. University of Chicago Press.
2726:
2700:Brown, Lester (May–June 2011).
2693:
2668:"The Population Bomb Revisited"
2625:Bartlett, Al (September 1996).
2618:
2596:
2549:
2522:
2468:
2455:
2442:
2414:
2401:
2377:
2349:
2312:
2262:
2228:
2177:
2144:
2106:
2015:
2012:Oxford World's Classics reprint
1986:
1959:
1940:
1879:
1838:
1688:Simon, Julian L. (1980-06-27).
1372:. Barron's Educational Series.
857:
830:British Agricultural Revolution
773:British Agricultural Revolution
6395:List of international rankings
6221:International Innovation Index
6144:HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
5483:United Nations Population Fund
5098:
4130:. Princeton University Press.
4082:Social Evolution & History
3890:Quarterly Journal of Economics
2358:"When Keynes pondered Malthus"
1668:10.1080/00963402.1972.11457931
1474:
938:United Nations Population Fund
589:and the main architect of the
394:Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834
126:will increase as the price of
13:
1:
9430:Demographic economic problems
9353:Critique of political economy
8275:Interpretations of Revelation
8077:Cosmological phase transition
7983:Decline in insect populations
7435:Ultimate fate of the universe
6254:Tertiary education attainment
4719:decline in insect populations
3535:The English Historical Review
3327:(2005). Sraffa, Piero (ed.).
3106:"Clark's intellectual Sudoku"
2702:"The New Geopolitics of Food"
2507:10.1126/science.162.3859.1243
2435:; Peter Turchin et al. 2007;
1633:Meek, Ronald L., ed. (1973).
1293:
1162:questioned its inevitability.
629:long-term historical dynamics
279:Malthus' theoretical argument
9261:Rational expectations theory
8730:Future of Humanity Institute
8127:Potentially hazardous object
8027:Interplanetary contamination
6366:Percentage living in poverty
6277:Access to financial services
2627:"The New Flat Earth Society"
2480:"The Tragedy of the Commons"
1654:Commoner, Barry (May 1972).
1505:10.1080/02604027.2014.894868
1116:Environmentalist founder of
964:
674:"The Tragedy of the Commons"
664:in 1968. In 1968, ecologist
372:exploitation of their labour
118:. According to this theory,
7:
9465:Schools of economic thought
9358:History of economic thought
8905:Schools of economic thought
8610:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
7759:Global terrestrial stilling
6622:Environmental globalization
6597:Anti-globalization movement
5904:Person-to-arable land ratio
5508:World Population Foundation
5498:World Population Conference
5411:World population milestones
4168:. Gloucester: Alan Sutton.
3578:. Madison and Teaneck, NJ:
3282:Sandmo, Agnar (2011). "4".
3246:"Are We Consuming Too Much"
3104:Voth, Hans-Joachim (2008).
2666:; Ehrlich, Anne H. (2009).
2411:, Rutgers University Press.
2124:University of Chicago Press
1753:Vanderbilt University Press
1432:Handbook of Economic Growth
1205:
1076:relative surplus population
971:Club of Rome § Critics
287:proposed his hypothesis in
10:
9481:
9278:New neoclassical synthesis
9266:Real business-cycle theory
8122:Asteroid impact prediction
8097:Heat death of the universe
7507:Mutual assured destruction
6770:Offshore financial centres
6206:Bloomberg Innovation Index
6134:Antidepressant consumption
5806:World population estimates
5801:Past and future population
5380:Population and Environment
4149:. New York: Random House.
4126:Pomeranz, Kenneth (2000).
4003:; Khaltourina, D. (2006).
3913:10.1162/003355302320935007
3874:Princeton University Press
3856:Cambridge University Press
3840:of the United Nations: 12.
3343:: CS1 maint: postscript (
3288:Princeton University Press
3231:Social Indicators Research
3176:: CS1 maint: postscript (
3014:Ban, Zoltan (2016-11-16).
2991:Princeton University Press
2957:Cambridge University Press
2431:February 29, 2012, at the
2426:Turchin and Korotayev 2006
2055:Cambridge University Press
1920:Cambridge University Press
1458:Princeton University Press
1164:
968:
823:
680:published a book entitled
573:In France, terms such as "
497:
442:Henry Fairfield Osborn Jr.
273:
53:, while the growth of the
9345:
9089:
8977:
8944:
8937:
8911:
8814:
8748:
8740:Nuclear Threat Initiative
8717:
8673:List of apocalyptic films
8650:
8516:2011 end times prediction
8508:
8248:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
8243:Abomination of desolation
8179:
8117:Asteroid impact avoidance
8054:
7965:
7947:List of extinction events
7922:
7915:
7881:
7789:Environmental degradation
7685:
7676:
7591:
7576:Technological singularity
7445:
7420:
7414:Global catastrophic risks
7350:
7308:
7183:
7118:
7035:
7026:
6953:
6790:
6711:
6704:
6584:
6556:
6449:
6389:
6351:Share of income of top 1%
6267:
6198:
6124:
6026:
5968:
5912:
5884:
5793:
5762:
5711:
5656:
5648:Demographics of the world
5626:
5552:
5516:
5441:
5393:
5372:
5290:Human population planning
5255:
5201:
5152:
5114:Demographics of the world
5106:
5021:
4956:Environmental engineering
4906:
4803:Environmental degradation
4694:
4580:fishing down the food web
4357:
4287:
4247:
4242:Links to related articles
4202:"The Opposite of Malthus"
3732:Thomas Robertson (2012).
3700:. Westport, Connecticut:
3519:Rothschild (1995), p. 351
3503:Hazlitt, William (1819).
3439:Rothschild, Emma (1995).
3376:10.1017/S0022050700104681
3125:10.1017/S1361491608002190
2993:. pp. 292–293, 304.
2461:Thomas Robertson (2012).
2448:Thomas Robertson (2012).
2407:Thomas Robertson (2012).
2395:Marxists Internet Archive
2274:courses.lumenlearning.com
1966:Luiggi, Cristina (2010).
1886:Elwell, Frank W. (2001).
1581:10.1163/9789004333338_008
743:effects of global warming
610:environmental degradation
529:reducing fertility rates.
500:Human population planning
400:despite riots and arson.
225:environmental degradation
208:human population planning
8735:Future of Life Institute
8637:Resurrection of the dead
8630:Post-tribulation rapture
8012:Colony collapse disorder
6612:Democratic globalization
6199:Education and innovation
5295:Compulsory sterilization
4961:Environmental mitigation
4818:Greenhouse gas emissions
4778:Environmental insecurity
4038:(First ed.). London
3574:The Carlyle Encyclopedia
3429:Stokes (1821), pp. 89-91
3413:Stokes, Whitley (1821).
3265:10.1257/0895330042162377
2876:American Economic Review
2828:– via NYTimes.com.
2191:American Economic Review
1978:(12): 26. Archived from
1845:Serge Luryi (May 2006).
1615:: CS1 maint: location (
1539:University of Queensland
943:less developed countries
934:less developed countries
625:pre-industrial societies
9388:Post-autistic economics
7561:Artificial intelligence
6894:Investor-state disputes
6847:Illicit financial flows
6691:Political globalization
6639:Global financial system
6304:Human Development Index
6216:Global Innovation Index
6154:Maternal mortality rate
5729:Commonwealth of Nations
5237:Malthusian growth model
5008:Sustainable consumption
4349:Social ecology (ethics)
4145:Rosen, William (2010).
4053:, et al., eds. (2007).
3858:, Cambridge, UK, 2003.
3783:Brand, Stewart (2010).
3191:Hopkins, Simon (1966).
3060:Diamond, Jared (2005).
2169:Wyhe, John van (2006).
1910:Lomborg, Bjørn (2002).
1716:10.1126/science.7384784
1450:Clark, Gregory (2007).
1140:of the predictions for
913:in response to various
353:Principle of Population
268:Principle of Population
69:. This event, called a
51:Malthusian growth model
9455:Macroeconomic theories
9126:Modern Monetary Theory
8690:List of disaster films
8531:Apocalyptic literature
7631:Malthusian catastrophe
7557:Synthetic intelligence
7235:Christopher Chase-Dunn
7003:Primitive accumulation
6686:Military globalization
6617:Economic globalization
6602:Cultural globalization
6282:Development aid donors
5920:Population growth rate
5364:Zero population growth
5359:Sustainable population
5283:Malthusian catastrophe
5242:Overshoot (population)
5119:Demographic transition
4951:Ecological engineering
4731:runaway climate change
4115:Malthus, Thomas Robert
4025:Malthus, Thomas Robert
3785:Whole Earth Discipline
3640:(transl. Ben Fowkes),
3486:Ensor, George (1818).
2947:Overton, Mark (1996).
2934:10.1006/exeh.2001.0775
2889:10.1257/aer.101.5.2003
2561:Steady-state economics
2288:Malthus, Thomas Robert
2257:
2204:10.1257/aer.101.5.2003
2078:Neurath, Paul (1994).
1994:Malthus, Thomas Robert
1808:Kunstler, James Howard
1745:Knudsen, Lara (2006).
1217:Overshoot (population)
1188:
907:demographic transition
892:mechanized agriculture
883:
875:
867:
576:politique malthusienne
575:
509:
467:
418:
333:
326:Thomas Malthus, 1798.
317:
310:Thomas Malthus, 1798.
71:Malthusian catastrophe
35:
9435:Disaster preparedness
9210:Keynes–Marx synthesis
8072:Coronal mass ejection
7534:Electromagnetic pulse
7495:Kinetic energy weapon
6042:Age at first marriage
5930:Net reproduction rate
5876:Population milestones
5658:Continents/subregions
5620:population statistics
5473:Population Connection
5337:Mere addition paradox
5176:Physiological density
4334:List of global issues
4164:Wells, Roger (1988).
3870:Unified Growth Theory
3451:(2): (351–359), 355.
3370:(1): (159–166), 159.
2584:Gardner, Dan (2010).
2235:Niyibizi, S. (1991).
1563:Hall, Lesley (2000).
1396:Dolan, Brian (2000).
1200:unified growth theory
1182:
1171:The Ultimate Resource
1155:The Ultimate Resource
911:total fertility rates
881:
873:
865:
835:Industrial Revolution
553:Neo-Malthusian theory
507:
463:
409:
366:His criticism of the
318:
302:
186:Industrial Revolution
172:Thomas Robert Malthus
33:
9450:Human overpopulation
9398:World-systems theory
9378:Mainstream economics
9318:Technocracy movement
9298:Saltwater/freshwater
8474:War of Gog and Magog
8151:Near-Earth supernova
7901:Human overpopulation
7705:Mass mortality event
7599:Anthropogenic hazard
7300:Immanuel Wallerstein
6961:Capital accumulation
6827:Endangered languages
6499:Biomolecular complex
6092:Number of households
6077:Linguistic diversity
6072:Immigrant population
6018:past life expectancy
5503:World Population Day
5458:Church of Euthanasia
5347:Non-identity problem
5322:Political demography
5278:Human overpopulation
4936:Community resilience
4736:in the United States
4704:Biodiversity threats
4377:cannabis cultivation
4344:Planetary boundaries
4310:Environmental issues
4300:Ecological footprint
3937:The Pittsburgh Press
3868:Galor, Oded (2011).
3492:. London: E. Wilson.
3358:Mokyr, Joel (1980).
3068:. pp. 311–328.
2844:Population Institute
1426:Galor, Oded (2005).
1252:Political demography
1133:The Limits to Growth
1090:Progress and Poverty
751:Paris Climate Accord
695:steady-state economy
688:ecological economist
683:The Limits to Growth
641:Our Plundered Planet
585:, the leader of the
476:reproductive success
361:Marquis de Condorcet
330:. Chapter VII, p. 61
198:human overpopulation
194:developing countries
9460:Theories of history
9383:Heterodox economics
9111:Capability approach
8987:American (National)
8969:School of Salamanca
8546:Blood moon prophecy
8339:Number of the Beast
7937:Holocene extinction
7883:Earth Overshoot Day
7831:Ocean acidification
7794:Habitat destruction
7784:Ecological collapse
7490:Kinetic bombardment
7425:Future of the Earth
7372:Business portal
6931:Transnational crime
6837:Forced displacement
6822:Economic inequality
6696:Trade globalization
6592:Alter-globalization
6326:Human Poverty Index
6314:inequality-adjusted
6299:Irrigated land area
6037:Age at childbearing
5960:Past fertility rate
5352:Reproductive rights
5183:Population dynamics
5134:Population momentum
4998:Restoration ecology
4931:Climate engineering
4868:Ocean acidification
4858:Loss of green belts
4828:Holocene extinction
4823:Habitat destruction
4498:Environmental crime
4103:Lueger, T. (2019).
3676:www.henrygeorge.org
3618:Marx, Karl (1889).
2714:on 27 November 2011
2631:The Physics Teacher
2498:1968Sci...162.1243H
2492:(3859): 1243–1248.
1708:1980Sci...208.1431S
1702:(4451): 1431–1437.
1337:(3). Archived from
1267:Population dynamics
1167:Simon–Ehrlich wager
1142:ecological collapse
1127:The Population Bomb
852:middle-class values
787:population pressure
782:economic inequality
757:Evidence in support
661:The Population Bomb
614:ecological collapse
567:population pressure
559:John Maynard Keynes
414:national bankruptcy
206:is the advocacy of
9019:English historical
8861:Doomsday scenarios
8427:Beast of the Earth
8319:Book of Revelation
8107:Virtual black hole
8087:False vacuum decay
8037:Pollinator decline
8000:Biological warfare
7990:Biotechnology risk
7841:Resource depletion
7145:Andre Gunder Frank
6919:Race to the bottom
6909:North–South divide
6627:Global citizenship
6087:Net migration rate
6067:Ethnic composition
5886:Population density
5763:Cities/urban areas
5636:Current population
5616:Lists of countries
5478:Population Matters
5193:Population pyramid
5171:Population density
5166:Population decline
5013:Waste minimization
4971:Mitigation banking
4966:Industrial ecology
4926:Cleaner production
4878:Resource depletion
4414:Corporate behavior
4372:animal agriculture
4057:Moscow: KomKniga.
3807:Simon, Julian L, "
3548:10.1093/ehr/cex068
2825:The New York Times
2535:. Springer Books.
1982:on 1 January 2011.
1813:The Long Emergency
1189:
1104:The Closing Circle
947:Sub-Saharan Africa
917:, including lower
884:
876:
868:
847:A Farewell to Alms
606:resource depletion
510:
468:
456:Modern formulation
182:standard of living
165:population control
110:, thereby causing
67:population decline
36:
9417:
9416:
9411:
9410:
9373:Political economy
9341:
9340:
9273:New institutional
9246:Neo-Schumpeterian
9054:Marxist economics
9034:German historical
8871:
8870:
8702:Zombie apocalypse
8603:Postmillennialism
8398:Great Tribulation
8171:Stellar collision
8132:Near-Earth object
8082:Geomagnetic storm
8050:
8049:
7973:Biodiversity loss
7957:Genetic pollution
7911:
7910:
7700:Biodiversity loss
7663:Societal collapse
7641:Nuclear holocaust
7626:Economic collapse
7609:Doomsday argument
7527:Antimatter weapon
7380:
7379:
7346:
7345:
7205:K. Anthony Appiah
7200:Daniele Archibugi
6949:
6948:
6738:COVID-19 pandemic
6644:Global governance
6516:
6515:
6443:Hierarchy of life
6409:
6408:
6381:Wealth inequality
6376:Unemployment rate
5913:Growth indicators
5775:National capitals
5582:
5581:
5453:7 Billion Actions
5327:Population ethics
5220:Carrying capacity
5129:Population growth
5066:
5065:
4888:Water degradation
4763:Ecological crisis
4709:biodiversity loss
4508:Industrialisation
4493:Genetic pollution
4339:Impact assessment
4175:978-0-862-99333-7
4156:978-1-4000-6705-3
4137:978-0-691-09010-8
3850:Tainter, Joseph.
3644:, Harmondsworth,
3286:. Princeton, NJ:
2643:10.1119/1.2344473
2356:Garcia, Cardiff.
2023:Engels, Friedrich
1933:978-0-521-01068-9
1866:10.1063/1.2216962
1827:978-0-8021-4249-8
1787:McHugh, James T.
1773:978-0-8265-1528-5
1483:Korotayev, Andrey
1467:978-0-691-12135-2
1409:978-90-420-0851-9
1379:978-0-7641-3817-1
1070:human population
915:fertility factors
422:Harriet Martineau
217:Malthusian League
204:Neo-Malthusianism
160:Societal collapse
99:population growth
95:Malthusian crunch
87:Malthusian crisis
73:(also known as a
47:population growth
18:Malthusian crisis
16:(Redirected from
9472:
9440:Energy economics
9403:Economic systems
8942:
8941:
8924:Medieval Islamic
8898:
8891:
8884:
8875:
8874:
8836:
8835:
8827:World portal
8825:
8824:
8786:Financial crisis
8615:Nibiru cataclysm
8593:Premillennialism
8437:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
8405:Son of perdition
8393:Olivet Discourse
8369:Whore of Babylon
7995:Biological agent
7942:Human extinction
7932:Extinction event
7920:
7919:
7891:Overexploitation
7821:Land consumption
7816:Land degradation
7683:
7682:
7545:Micro black hole
7453:Chemical warfare
7407:
7400:
7393:
7384:
7383:
7370:
7369:
7358:
7357:
7311:
7220:Jean Baudrillard
7188:
7135:Giovanni Arrighi
7123:
7080:Branko Milanović
7060:Jagdish Bhagwati
7038:
7033:
7032:
6924:pollution havens
6889:Invasive species
6793:
6714:
6709:
6708:
6659:Global workforce
6569:
6568:
6543:
6536:
6529:
6520:
6519:
6509:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6413:
6412:
6400:Lists by country
6111:Urban population
6052:Dependency ratio
5940:Number of deaths
5935:Number of births
5925:Natural increase
5712:Intercontinental
5609:
5602:
5595:
5586:
5585:
5572:
5571:
5560:
5559:
5529:Green Revolution
5310:Two-child policy
5305:One-child policy
5228:
5188:Population model
5144:World population
5093:
5086:
5079:
5070:
5069:
5041:
5040:
5030:
5029:
4863:Phosphorus cycle
4843:Land consumption
4838:Land degradation
4813:Freshwater cycle
4612:Overexploitation
4585:marine pollution
4392:cocoa production
4274:
4267:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4238:
4237:
4213:
4187:2/2 (2011): 1–28
4179:
4160:
4141:
4122:
4098:2/2 (2011): 1–28
4090:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4033:
4020:
4009:. Moscow: URSS.
3995:
3984:. Moscow: URSS.
3971:
3960:. Moscow: URSS.
3947:
3945:
3943:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3897:(4): 1133–1191.
3884:
3878:
3877:
3865:
3859:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3831:
3822:
3816:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3743:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3668:
3662:
3655:
3649:
3642:Capital Volume 1
3635:
3626:
3625:
3615:
3609:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3577:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3550:
3541:(555): 286–317.
3526:
3520:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3506:Political Essays
3500:
3494:
3493:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3334:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3279:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3167:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3146:on 2 March 2000.
3142:. Archived from
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3020:seekingalpha.com
3011:
3005:
3004:
2981:Scheidel, Walter
2977:
2971:
2970:
2954:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2883:(5): 2003–2041.
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2846:. Archived from
2836:
2830:
2829:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2710:. Archived from
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2672:
2664:Ehrlich, Paul R.
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2418:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2266:
2260:
2252:
2241:Imbonezamuryango
2232:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2198:(5): 2003–2041.
2181:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2158:on 21 June 2007.
2154:. Archived from
2148:
2142:
2141:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2047:Fogel, Robert W.
2043:
2034:
2032:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1917:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1875:on 21 July 2011.
1874:
1868:. Archived from
1851:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1804:
1795:
1785:
1776:
1766:
1755:. pp. 2–4.
1742:
1736:
1735:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1614:
1606:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1481:Zinkina, Julia;
1478:
1472:
1471:
1447:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1326:
1317:
1262:Population cycle
1212:Demographic trap
1067:Friedrich Engels
919:infant mortality
896:Green Revolution
813:Rwandan Genocide
764:Classical Athens
707:green revolution
651:Road to Survival
636:Fairfield Osborn
578:
526:preventive check
478:, and land is a
337:Friedrich Engels
331:
315:
83:Malthusian check
21:
9480:
9479:
9475:
9474:
9473:
9471:
9470:
9469:
9445:Human geography
9420:
9419:
9418:
9413:
9412:
9407:
9337:
9323:Thermoeconomics
9094:21st centuries)
9093:
9091:
9085:
8973:
8933:
8919:Ancient schools
8907:
8902:
8872:
8867:
8846:Future problems
8819:
8810:
8744:
8713:
8680:Climate fiction
8646:
8521:2012 phenomenon
8504:
8410:Sheep and Goats
8297:2 Thessalonians
8175:
8092:Gamma-ray burst
8046:
7961:
7952:Genetic erosion
7907:
7877:
7868:Water pollution
7836:Ozone depletion
7732:Desertification
7672:
7587:
7522:Doomsday device
7502:Nuclear warfare
7441:
7416:
7411:
7381:
7376:
7364:
7342:
7323:Thomas Friedman
7309:
7304:
7255:Anthony Giddens
7230:Manuel Castells
7195:Arjun Appadurai
7186:
7184:
7179:
7121:
7119:
7114:
7110:Joseph Stiglitz
7050:Richard Baldwin
7036:
7028:
7022:
6981:Fiscal localism
6945:
6899:McDonaldization
6817:Development aid
6791:
6786:
6755:Multilingualism
6750:Labor arbitrage
6726:Climate justice
6712:
6700:
6654:Global politics
6607:Deglobalization
6580:
6552:
6547:
6517:
6512:
6453:
6445:
6440:
6410:
6405:
6404:
6385:
6341:Income equality
6294:Employment rate
6263:
6211:Education Index
6194:
6189:Body mass index
6120:
6022:
5970:Life expectancy
5964:
5908:
5894:Current density
5880:
5794:Past and future
5789:
5758:
5707:
5652:
5622:
5613:
5583:
5578:
5548:
5512:
5446:
5444:
5437:
5389:
5368:
5317:Overconsumption
5300:Family planning
5257:
5251:
5224:
5208:
5205:
5197:
5159:
5156:
5148:
5102:
5097:
5067:
5062:
5017:
4976:Organic farming
4902:
4893:Water pollution
4873:Ozone depletion
4853:Loss and damage
4753:Desertification
4690:
4602:Overconsumption
4523:cleaning agents
4424:Energy industry
4387:meat production
4353:
4283:
4278:
4243:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4176:
4157:
4138:
4041:
4039:
4031:
4017:
3992:
3968:
3941:
3939:
3926:
3924:Further reading
3921:
3920:
3904:10.1.1.199.2634
3885:
3881:
3866:
3862:
3849:
3845:
3829:
3823:
3819:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3781:
3777:
3762:10.2307/1528968
3744:
3740:
3731:
3727:
3712:
3702:Greenwood Press
3694:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3656:
3652:
3636:
3629:
3616:
3612:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3582:. p. 237.
3568:
3564:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3501:
3497:
3484:
3480:
3457:10.2307/2137498
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3411:
3407:
3356:
3352:
3336:
3335:
3322:
3318:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3280:
3273:
3242:
3238:
3227:
3223:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3189:
3185:
3169:
3168:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3102:
3098:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3058:
3054:
3037:
3033:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2945:
2941:
2918:
2914:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2850:on 21 June 2019
2838:
2837:
2833:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2745:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2670:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2623:
2619:
2607:
2601:
2597:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2557:Daly, Herman E.
2554:
2550:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2476:Hardin, Garrett
2473:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2447:
2443:
2433:Wayback Machine
2419:
2415:
2406:
2402:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2363:Financial Times
2354:
2350:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2294:
2285:
2281:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2233:
2229:
2182:
2178:
2167:
2163:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2134:
2126:. p. 126.
2114:Desmond, Adrian
2111:
2107:
2096:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2044:
2037:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
1996:(1798). "VII".
1991:
1987:
1968:"Still Ticking"
1964:
1960:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1908:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1828:
1805:
1798:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1743:
1739:
1686:
1679:
1652:
1648:
1643:on 21 May 2000.
1631:
1624:
1608:
1607:
1591:
1561:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1448:
1439:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1364:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1344:on 2 March 2012
1341:
1324:
1318:
1301:
1296:
1236:Behavioral sink
1232:John B. Calhoun
1208:
1177:
1150:Julian L. Simon
1146:Paul R. Ehrlich
1017:William Hazlitt
977:
967:
900:Paul R. Ehrlich
860:
837:
832:
822:
777:Walter Scheidel
759:
656:Paul R. Ehrlich
602:overconsumption
587:Bolshevik Party
555:
502:
496:
480:limiting factor
458:
450:conservationist
345:
332:
325:
316:
309:
281:
276:
213:family planning
190:extreme poverty
91:Point of Crisis
79:population trap
75:Malthusian trap
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9478:
9468:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9415:
9414:
9409:
9408:
9406:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9342:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9283:Organizational
9280:
9275:
9270:
9269:
9268:
9263:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9231:Neo-Malthusian
9228:
9227:
9226:
9216:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9212:
9207:
9197:
9192:
9191:
9190:
9175:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9148:Disequilibrium
9145:
9140:
9138:Constitutional
9135:
9130:
9129:
9128:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9097:
9095:
9087:
9086:
9084:
9083:
9078:
9077:
9076:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9031:
9026:
9024:French liberal
9021:
9016:
9011:
9010:
9009:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8983:
8981:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8950:
8948:
8939:
8935:
8934:
8932:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8915:
8913:
8909:
8908:
8901:
8900:
8893:
8886:
8878:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8865:
8864:
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8841:Apocalypticism
8830:
8815:
8812:
8811:
8809:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8752:
8750:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8721:
8719:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8711:
8710:
8709:
8699:
8694:
8693:
8692:
8685:Disaster films
8682:
8677:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8660:
8658:Alien invasion
8654:
8652:
8648:
8647:
8645:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8633:
8632:
8627:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8606:
8605:
8600:
8598:Amillennialism
8595:
8585:
8583:Millenarianism
8580:
8579:
8578:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8536:Apocalypticism
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8512:
8510:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8502:
8501:
8500:
8490:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8461:
8460:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8432:Dhu al-Qarnayn
8429:
8424:
8414:
8413:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8401:
8400:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8378:Great Apostasy
8375:
8374:
8373:
8372:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8316:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8304:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8267:
8257:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8245:
8235:
8225:
8223:Last Judgement
8220:
8219:
8218:
8213:
8203:
8202:
8201:
8196:
8185:
8183:
8181:Eschatological
8177:
8176:
8174:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8147:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8135:
8134:
8124:
8119:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8058:
8056:
8052:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7987:
7986:
7985:
7980:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7962:
7960:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7928:
7926:
7917:
7913:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7896:Overpopulation
7893:
7887:
7885:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7873:Water scarcity
7870:
7865:
7860:
7859:
7858:
7848:
7846:Sea level rise
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7809:on marine life
7806:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7764:Global warming
7761:
7756:
7754:Global dimming
7751:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7712:Cascade effect
7709:
7708:
7707:
7697:
7691:
7689:
7687:Climate change
7680:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7659:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7616:
7606:
7601:
7595:
7593:
7589:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7554:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7537:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7517:Doomsday Clock
7514:
7509:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7476:
7475:
7470:
7468:Cyberterrorism
7465:
7455:
7449:
7447:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7427:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7410:
7409:
7402:
7395:
7387:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7362:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7314:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7225:Zygmunt Bauman
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7191:
7189:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7126:
7124:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7090:Thomas Piketty
7087:
7085:Kevin O'Rourke
7082:
7077:
7075:Michael Hudson
7072:
7067:
7065:Robert Brenner
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7039:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6999:
6998:
6993:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6936:Westernization
6933:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6808:
6807:
6796:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6784:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6775:Tax inversions
6772:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6745:Digital divide
6742:
6741:
6740:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6721:Climate change
6717:
6715:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6676:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6588:
6586:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6563:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6546:
6545:
6538:
6531:
6523:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6510:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6439:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6416:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6279:
6273:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5955:Fertility rate
5952:
5950:Mortality rate
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5890:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5739:European Union
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5662:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5641:United Nations
5632:
5630:
5624:
5623:
5612:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5589:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5566:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5544:Sustainability
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5520:
5518:
5517:Related topics
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5449:
5447:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5408:
5406:Largest cities
5403:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5275:
5267:
5261:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5226:I = P × A  × T
5222:
5217:
5211:
5209:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5168:
5162:
5160:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5096:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5034:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5003:Sustainability
5000:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4898:Water scarcity
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4833:Nitrogen cycle
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4798:Forest dieback
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4726:Climate change
4723:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4700:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4671:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:nanotechnology
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4363:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4327:on marine life
4319:
4318:
4317:
4315:list of issues
4307:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:on 2015-07-11.
4196:
4195:External links
4193:
4191:
4190:
4180:
4174:
4161:
4155:
4142:
4136:
4123:
4111:
4101:
4091:
4065:
4048:
4021:
4015:
3997:
3990:
3972:
3966:
3948:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3879:
3860:
3843:
3817:
3800:
3794:978-1843548164
3793:
3775:
3738:
3725:
3711:978-0837176284
3710:
3688:
3663:
3650:
3627:
3610:
3595:
3589:978-0838637920
3588:
3562:
3521:
3512:
3495:
3478:
3431:
3422:
3405:
3350:
3325:Ricardo, David
3316:
3313:. 13 May 2020.
3302:
3293:
3271:
3258:(3): 147–172.
3236:
3221:
3215:United Nations
3198:
3183:
3149:
3131:
3118:(2): 149–155.
3096:
3081:
3075:978-0670033379
3074:
3052:
3031:
3006:
3000:978-0691165028
2999:
2972:
2966:978-0521568593
2965:
2939:
2928:(4): 411–447.
2912:
2861:
2831:
2810:
2796:
2776:
2758:
2744:978-0226285573
2743:
2725:
2707:Foreign Policy
2692:
2655:
2637:(6): 342–343.
2617:
2595:
2576:
2570:978-1559630726
2569:
2548:
2542:978-0387945330
2541:
2521:
2467:
2454:
2441:
2413:
2400:
2376:
2348:
2329:(1): 123–150.
2311:
2279:
2261:
2227:
2176:
2161:
2143:
2133:978-0226143743
2132:
2105:
2095:978-1563244070
2094:
2070:
2064:978-0521808781
2063:
2035:
2014:
2005:
1985:
1958:
1939:
1932:
1899:
1878:
1837:
1826:
1796:
1777:
1761:
1737:
1677:
1646:
1622:
1590:978-9042008519
1589:
1552:
1518:
1499:(2): 120–139.
1473:
1466:
1437:
1415:
1408:
1385:
1378:
1355:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1278:Jevons paradox
1275:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1192:Joseph Tainter
1100:Barry Commoner
1023:Thomas Carlyle
999:Whitley Stokes
966:
963:
859:
856:
836:
833:
821:
818:
758:
755:
666:Garrett Hardin
598:overpopulation
583:Vladimir Lenin
554:
551:
550:
549:
534:positive check
530:
495:
492:
457:
454:
434:Darwin's ideas
426:Charles Darwin
357:William Godwin
344:
341:
323:
307:
285:Thomas Malthus
280:
277:
275:
272:
138:by decreasing
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9477:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9427:
9425:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9344:
9334:
9333:Social credit
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9308:Structuralist
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9288:Public choice
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9256:New classical
9254:
9252:
9251:Neoliberalism
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9241:Neo-Ricardian
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9225:
9222:
9221:
9220:
9217:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9189:
9186:
9185:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9173:Institutional
9171:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9098:
9096:
9088:
9082:
9079:
9075:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8976:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8940:
8936:
8930:
8929:Scholasticism
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8910:
8906:
8899:
8894:
8892:
8887:
8885:
8880:
8879:
8876:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8856:Risk analysis
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8838:
8831:
8829:
8828:
8823:
8817:
8816:
8813:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8801:Social crisis
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8747:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8718:Organizations
8716:
8708:
8705:
8704:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8649:
8643:
8642:World to come
8640:
8638:
8635:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8588:Millennialism
8586:
8584:
8581:
8577:
8576:Messianic Age
8574:
8573:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8561:Gog and Magog
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8551:Earth Changes
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8507:
8499:
8496:
8495:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8465:
8462:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8419:
8418:
8415:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8399:
8396:
8395:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8388:New Jerusalem
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8364:War in Heaven
8362:
8360:
8359:Two witnesses
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8262:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8240:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8230:
8229:
8228:Second Coming
8226:
8224:
8221:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8191:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8182:
8178:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8114:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7991:
7988:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7964:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7925:
7921:
7918:
7914:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7880:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7727:Deforestation
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7692:
7690:
7688:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7668:World War III
7666:
7664:
7661:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7590:
7584:
7583:Transhumanism
7581:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7558:
7555:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7446:Technological
7444:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7419:
7415:
7408:
7403:
7401:
7396:
7394:
7389:
7388:
7385:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7361:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7339:
7338:Vandana Shiva
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7307:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7290:Saskia Sassen
7288:
7286:
7285:George Ritzer
7283:
7281:
7280:Antonio Negri
7278:
7276:
7275:L. H. M. Ling
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7260:Michael Hardt
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7240:Alfred Crosby
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7182:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7170:Susan Strange
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7140:Robert W. Cox
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7117:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7100:Jeffrey Sachs
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7034:
7031:
7025:
7019:
7018:World-systems
7016:
7014:
7013:World history
7011:
7009:
7008:Social change
7006:
7004:
7001:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6986:Modernization
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6956:
6952:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6789:
6783:
6780:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6718:
6716:
6710:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6649:Global health
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6555:
6551:
6550:Globalization
6544:
6539:
6537:
6532:
6530:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6508:
6504:
6503:Macromolecule
6500:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6448:
6444:
6437:
6432:
6430:
6425:
6423:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6371:Public sector
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6226:Literacy rate
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6047:Age structure
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6013:world regions
6011:
6009:
6008:South America
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5998:North America
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5785:Megalopolises
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5749:Latin America
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5704:
5703:South America
5701:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5686:North America
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5655:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5610:
5605:
5603:
5598:
5596:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5575:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5524:Bennett's law
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5445:organizations
5440:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5232:Kaya identity
5230:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5151:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5094:
5089:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5035:
5033:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4986:Reforestation
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4941:Cultured meat
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4921:Birth control
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Deforestation
4741:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4518:Manufacturing
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4466:nuclear power
4464:
4462:
4461:fracking (US)
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4246:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4206:Jason Godesky
4203:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4073:Korotayev, A.
4070:
4066:
4064:
4063:5-484-01002-0
4060:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4037:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4016:5-484-00560-4
4012:
4008:
4007:
4002:
4001:Korotayev, A.
3998:
3993:
3991:5-484-00559-0
3987:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3976:Korotayev, A.
3973:
3969:
3967:5-484-00414-4
3963:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3952:Korotayev, A.
3949:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3872:. Princeton:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3815:, April 1994.
3814:
3810:
3804:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3742:
3735:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3661:, 1844, p. 1.
3660:
3654:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3614:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3591:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3566:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3516:
3508:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3426:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3297:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3202:
3194:
3187:
3179:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3047:
3042:
3035:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2988:
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2982:
2976:
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2877:
2872:
2865:
2849:
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2754:
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2477:
2471:
2464:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:Peter Turchin
2417:
2410:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2352:
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2315:
2300:
2293:
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2265:
2259:
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2219:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2180:
2172:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2088:. p. 5.
2087:
2083:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2009:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:The Scientist
1969:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1882:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:Physics Today
1848:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:. p. 6.
1819:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1762:0-8265-1528-2
1758:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1669:
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1600:
1596:
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1586:
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1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1492:World Futures
1488:
1484:
1477:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1433:
1429:
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1400:
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1360:
1340:
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1323:
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1186:
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1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1122:Stewart Brand
1119:
1114:
1111:
1110:Ester Boserup
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:James Steuart
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1036:laissez-faire
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
981:David Ricardo
976:
972:
962:
958:
955:
954:Kenneth Arrow
950:
948:
944:
939:
935:
930:
928:
927:birth control
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
880:
872:
864:
855:
853:
849:
848:
843:
842:Gregory Clark
831:
827:
817:
814:
810:
806:
805:Jared Diamond
802:
797:
794:
790:
788:
783:
778:
774:
770:
765:
754:
752:
748:
744:
739:
734:
730:
728:
723:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
702:
701:
696:
692:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:
657:
653:
652:
647:
643:
642:
637:
632:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
612:will lead to
611:
607:
604:may increase
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:
571:
568:
564:
560:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:
521:
519:
515:
506:
501:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
466:
462:
453:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
417:
415:
408:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
368:working class
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
343:Early history
340:
338:
329:
322:
314:, Chapter II.
313:
306:
301:
298:
294:
292:
291:
286:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
221:birth control
218:
214:
209:
205:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:
173:
168:
166:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:social unrest
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:Malthusianism
32:
19:
9158:Evolutionary
9090:Contemporary
9069:Neoclassical
9038:
9014:Distributist
8959:Mercantilism
8946:Early modern
8818:
8761:Cyberwarfare
8479:Third Temple
8334:Lake of fire
8144:Rogue planet
8112:Impact event
8102:Proton decay
8055:Astronomical
8005:Bioterrorism
7851:Supervolcano
7749:Flood basalt
7695:Anoxic event
7630:
7604:Collapsology
7592:Sociological
7463:Cyberwarfare
7333:John R. Saul
7318:Noam Chomsky
7310:Non–academic
7250:Susan George
7245:Nancy Fraser
7215:Walden Bello
7160:David Harvey
7150:Stephen Gill
7070:Jayati Ghosh
6976:Earth system
6842:Human rights
6782:Water crisis
6679:early modern
6505: >
6501: >
6497: >
6493: >
6489: >
6485: >
6481: >
6479:Organ system
6477: >
6473: >
6469: >
6465: >
6461: >
6457: >
6346:Labour force
6174:Suicide rate
6159:Obesity rate
6116:Urbanization
6057:Divorce rate
6029:demographics
5770:World cities
5561:
5373:Publications
5332:Antinatalism
5282:
5270:
5247:World3 model
5107:Major topics
4679:urban sprawl
4674:Urbanization
4622:Particulates
4607:Overdrafting
4322:Human impact
4295:Anthropocene
4210:the original
4205:
4185:Cliodynamics
4184:
4165:
4146:
4127:
4118:
4104:
4096:Cliodynamics
4095:
4089:(2): 112–47.
4086:
4080:
4040:. Retrieved
4035:
4005:
3980:
3956:
3940:. Retrieved
3936:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3869:
3863:
3851:
3846:
3833:
3820:
3812:
3803:
3787:. Atlantic.
3784:
3778:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3733:
3728:
3697:
3691:
3679:. Retrieved
3675:
3666:
3658:
3653:
3641:
3620:
3613:
3604:
3598:
3573:
3565:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3515:
3505:
3498:
3488:
3481:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3425:
3415:
3408:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3329:
3319:
3305:
3296:
3283:
3255:
3249:
3239:
3230:
3224:
3213:
3201:
3192:
3186:
3161:
3152:
3144:the original
3134:
3115:
3109:
3099:
3084:
3066:Viking Press
3064:. New York:
3061:
3055:
3034:
3023:. Retrieved
3019:
3009:
2985:
2975:
2950:
2942:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2880:
2874:
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2848:the original
2843:
2834:
2823:
2813:
2799:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2734:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2712:the original
2705:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2678:
2674:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2634:
2630:
2620:
2598:
2587:
2579:
2560:
2551:
2531:
2524:
2489:
2483:
2470:
2462:
2457:
2449:
2444:
2439:et al. 2006.
2416:
2408:
2403:
2393:– via
2389:
2385:Lenin, V. I.
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2361:
2351:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2240:
2230:
2195:
2189:
2179:
2164:
2156:the original
2146:
2138:Google Books
2136:– via
2118:
2108:
2100:Google Books
2098:– via
2080:
2073:
2050:
2027:
2017:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1980:the original
1975:
1971:
1961:
1952:
1942:
1913:
1891:. Retrieved
1881:
1870:the original
1857:
1853:
1840:
1832:Google Books
1830:– via
1812:
1788:
1747:
1740:
1699:
1693:
1672:Google Books
1670:– via
1659:
1649:
1641:the original
1635:
1603:Google Books
1601:– via
1572:
1568:
1543:. Retrieved
1537:
1496:
1490:
1476:
1452:
1431:
1398:
1368:
1346:. Retrieved
1339:the original
1334:
1328:
1288:Resource war
1257:Cliodynamics
1245:
1222:Antinatalism
1197:
1190:
1160:Hans Rosling
1153:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1118:Ecomodernism
1115:
1108:
1103:
1102:believed in
1098:
1094:
1089:
1086:Henry George
1084:
1080:accumulation
1071:
1065:, Wallace".
1045:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1014:
1009:George Ensor
1002:
995:
991:
985:
978:
959:
951:
931:
923:urbanization
921:, increased
904:
888:World War II
885:
858:20th century
845:
838:
808:
807:in his book
798:
793:Robert Fogel
791:
775:. Historian
760:
735:
731:
724:
711:Julian Simon
704:
698:
681:
678:Club of Rome
669:
659:
649:
646:William Vogt
639:
633:
628:
622:
595:
591:Soviet Union
581:
572:
562:
556:
533:
525:
517:
513:
511:
488:
469:
446:
419:
410:
404:
402:
380:
365:
352:
346:
334:
327:
319:
311:
303:
299:
295:
288:
282:
267:
264:misanthropic
260:human rights
244:libertarians
229:
203:
202:
175:
169:
136:depopulation
105:agricultural
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
38:
37:
9313:Supply-side
9236:Neo-Marxian
9049:Marginalism
8979:Late modern
8964:Physiocrats
8837:Categories
8806:Survivalism
8493:Zoroastrian
8349:Seven seals
8344:Seven bowls
8270:Historicism
8166:Solar flare
8042:Overfishing
8017:Defaunation
7804:coral reefs
7566:AI takeover
7485:Nanoweapons
7473:Cybergeddon
7458:Cyberattack
7328:Naomi Klein
7210:Ulrich Beck
7185:Politics /
7175:Robert Wade
7165:Ronen Palan
7155:Peter Gowan
7105:Amartya Sen
7095:Dani Rodrik
7045:David Autor
6971:Development
6852:Imperialism
6800:Brain drain
6507:Biomolecule
6467:Biocoenosis
5754:Middle East
5256:Society and
5215:Biocapacity
4793:Externality
4788:Coral reefs
4748:Defaunation
4617:Overgrazing
4590:overfishing
4570:Marine life
4444:electricity
4367:Agriculture
4069:Turchin, P.
4051:Turchin, P.
2771:www.fao.org
2420:See, e.g.,
2243:(21): 5–9.
2086:M.E. Sharpe
1818:Grove Press
1545:26 February
1246:qualitative
1244:as for the
1175:Factfulness
801:East Africa
769:Black Death
719:Al Bartlett
715:cornucopian
691:Herman Daly
600:as well as
386:paternalism
376:capitalists
250:advocates,
248:free market
140:birth rates
132:commodities
130:and scarce
55:food supply
9424:Categories
9293:Regulation
9219:Monetarism
9205:Circuitism
9153:Ecological
9121:Chartalism
9101:Behavioral
9044:Manchester
9039:Malthusian
8997:Birmingham
8954:Cameralism
8938:Modern era
8912:Pre-modern
8766:Depression
8756:Ransomware
8571:Messianism
8541:Armageddon
8526:Apocalypse
8314:Antichrist
8302:Man of sin
8199:Three Ages
8062:Big Crunch
7924:Extinction
7916:Biological
7678:Ecological
7550:Strangelet
7270:Paul Hirst
7265:David Held
7130:Samir Amin
7120:Political
7055:Ravi Batra
6996:history of
6991:ecological
6966:Dependency
6914:Offshoring
6877:scientific
6867:linguistic
6832:Fair trade
6812:Care drain
6765:Tax havens
6760:Population
6669:History of
6471:Population
6309:by country
6101:Irreligion
6082:Median age
5945:Birth rate
5780:Megacities
5724:Arab world
5671:Antarctica
5443:Events and
5258:population
5204:Population
5155:Population
5100:Population
5058:mitigation
5053:assessment
5048:by country
4946:Decoupling
4908:Mitigation
4637:Reservoirs
4558:pesticides
4503:Explosives
4481:reservoirs
4382:irrigation
3756:(2): 402.
3749:Population
3681:19 January
3158:"faostat3"
3046:1503.08441
3025:2023-02-11
2854:7 February
2685:1 February
2681:(3): 63–71
2053:. London:
1922:. p.
1893:2011-04-19
1402:. Rodopi.
1348:1 February
1294:References
1227:Ecofascism
1165:See also:
1152:who wrote
969:See also:
824:See also:
514:preventive
498:See also:
484:per capita
472:Oded Galor
465:Oded Galor
398:workhouses
240:socialists
152:revolution
124:inequality
108:production
9368:Economics
9303:Stockholm
9178:Keynesian
9143:Cracovian
9092:(20th and
9081:Socialist
9064:Mutualism
9007:Ricardian
9002:Classical
8651:Fictional
8498:Saoshyant
8383:New Earth
8354:The Beast
8287:Preterism
8260:Christian
8216:Kali Yuga
8161:Micronova
8156:Hypernova
8022:Dysgenics
7863:Verneshot
7769:Hypercane
7512:Dead Hand
7295:John Urry
7187:sociology
7037:Economics
6941:World war
6664:Globality
6632:education
6495:Organelle
6463:Ecosystem
6455:Biosphere
6106:Sex ratio
5691:Caribbean
5539:Migration
5416:6 billion
4981:Recycling
4647:Transport
4632:Quarrying
4627:Pollution
4486:transport
4476:petroleum
4471:oil shale
4434:biodiesel
3899:CiteSeerX
3638:Karl Marx
3557:0013-8266
3465:0098-7921
3400:153849339
3384:0022-0507
3339:cite book
2753:951562545
2437:Korotayev
2369:10 August
1860:(5): 51.
1724:0036-8075
1662:: 17–56.
1611:cite book
1283:Food Race
1242:Dysgenics
1074:and the "
1047:Karl Marx
1027:sophistry
965:Criticism
616:or other
283:In 1798,
256:Catholics
252:feminists
232:Georgists
59:resources
57:or other
9393:Degrowth
9328:Virginia
9168:Freiburg
9163:Feminist
9116:Carnegie
9106:Buddhist
9074:Lausanne
9029:Georgism
8992:Austrian
8791:Pandemic
8776:Epidemic
8771:Droughts
8625:Prewrath
8556:End time
8422:Al-Qa'im
8307:Katechon
8292:2 Esdras
8282:Idealism
8265:Futurism
8194:Maitreya
8189:Buddhist
8032:Pandemic
7480:Gray goo
7360:Category
7029:scholars
6954:Theories
6862:cultural
6857:academic
6561:Journals
6475:Organism
6269:Economic
6097:Religion
5719:Americas
5574:Category
5342:Natalism
5265:Eugenics
5043:Category
4667:shipping
4652:aviation
4538:plastics
4528:concrete
4513:Land use
4429:biofuels
4397:palm oil
4117:(1826).
4075:(2006).
4042:29 March
4027:(1798).
3172:cite web
3062:Collapse
2983:(2017).
2907:25506082
2559:(1991).
2516:17756331
2478:(1968).
2429:Archived
2387:(1913).
2343:19068951
2335:20027682
2322:Daedalus
2304:29 March
2290:(1798).
2249:12317099
2222:25506082
2116:(1992).
2049:(2004).
2025:(1892).
1810:(2005).
1599:11027073
1513:53051943
1485:(2014).
1234:and his
1206:See also
1144:made by
1063:Franklin
1059:Townsend
1031:Chartism
1007:(1818),
809:Collapse
747:biofuels
520:checks:
518:positive
438:eugenics
359:and the
324:—
308:—
236:Marxists
102:outpaces
9346:Related
9133:Chicago
8851:Hazards
8749:General
8620:Rapture
8469:Messiah
8457:Sufyani
8447:Israfil
8417:Islamic
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