Food security - Knowledge

337: 733: 1053: 2068:’s population increased from just over 3 million to around 5.7 million people (as of 2019). Following their significant increase in population, Singapore then faced a significant decrease in agricultural land (from 25% allocated land in 1965 to less than 1% in 2014) making food production rates decline drastically. Due to the minimal amount of agricultural output, Singapore imports about 90% of their food. Singapore was rated as the top country in affordability, availability, quality, and safety. These conditions contribute to a high rate of food secure individuals, about 92.5% of the population have experienced no food security concerns. A challenge with this structure is that importing food leaves the country’s food supply chain vulnerable to price changes in the global food market from factors such as, disease (like Coronavirus) and climate change which can cause droughts and floods disrupting agriculture in countries like Thailand which Singapore relies on. 238: 1090: 1527:

Truly resilient agrifood systems must have a robust capacity to prevent, anticipate, absorb, adapt and transform in the face of any disruption, with the functional goal of ensuring food security and nutrition for all and decent livelihoods and incomes for agrifood systems' actors. Such resilience addresses all dimensions of food security, but focuses specifically on stability of access and sustainability, which ensure food security in both the short and the long term. Resilience-building involves preparing for disruptions, particularly those that cannot be anticipated, in particular through: diversity in domestic production, in imports, and in supply chains; robust food transport networks; and guaranteed continued access to food for all.

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assets of a household, including income, land, products of labor, inheritances, and gifts can determine a household's access to food. However, the ability to access sufficient food may not lead to the purchase of food over other materials and services. Demographics and education levels of members of the household as well as the gender of the household head determine the preferences of the household, which influences the type of food that is purchased. A household's access to adequate nutritious food may not assure adequate food intake for all household members, as intrahousehold food allocation may not sufficiently meet the requirements of each member of the household. The

1452: 365: 2094:, between a quarter and a third of households are food insecure. Following the COVID-19 lockdowns, child and household hunger have not decreased. In contrast, hunger has stabilized at a higher rate than pre-pandemic rates. This increase in hunger may be due to slow economic growth, low employment and a loss of government financial support following the pandemic. The social grants given by the government along with the child support grants, school food initiatives, and the Integrated Food Security and Nutrition Programme have all been influential in lowering the food insecurity rate particularly before the Coronavirus outbreak. 357: 9362: 9340: 9318: 9296: 9274: 9252: 9230: 9208: 9186: 9164: 9142: 2190:

compromise on the quality of their food to account for food shortages while 8 to 13% of Yemenis admit to decreasing the number of meals they eat. The state of nutrition is most dire for vulnerable populations like children who face developmental issues like stunting or wasting as a result of malnutrition. Over 462,000 Yemeni children are severely acutely malnourished which increases their risk of disease. In a 2019 study, children with severe acute malnutrition were reported to have an increased rate of measles, diarrhea, fever, and cough when compared to non-severely acutely malnourished children.

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on farming so disruptions to their farming could increase their chances of economic instability and food insecurity. Many families report that lack of funds, disease, and lack of land, among other variables, are significant barriers to food security. In the wetlands system associated in Uganda, 93% of families are food insecure with 75% of inhabitants eating 2 meals and 8% eating only 1 meal a day. This was made worse by socioeconomic factors like disease (HIV/AIDS), poverty, and agricultural reasons like land degradation or management (regulation of food production using wetlands).

1669: 40: 1841: 256:(FIES) as a universally applicable experience-based food security measurement scale derived from the scale used in the United States. Thanks to the establishment of a global reference scale and the procedure needed to calibrate measures obtained in different countries, it is possible to use the FIES to produce cross-country comparable estimates of the prevalence of food insecurity in the population. Since 2015, the FIES has been adopted as the basis to compile one of the indicators included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) monitoring framework. 1281: 506: 724:

well as the price of moving food to national and global markets. Around the world, few individuals or households are continuously self-reliant on food. This creates the need for a bartering, exchange, or cash economy to acquire food. The exchange of food requires efficient trading systems and market institutions, which can affect food security. Per capita world food supplies are more than adequate to provide food security to all, and thus food accessibility is a greater barrier to achieving food security.

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having recalculated the historic hunger series accordingly, it confirmed that the number of hungry people in the world, albeit lower than previously thought, had been slowly increasing since 2014. On broader measures, the SOFI report found that far more people suffered some form of food insecurity, with 3 billion or more unable to afford even the cheapest healthy diet. Nearly 2.37 billion people did not have access to adequate food in 2020 – an increase of 320 million people compared to 2019.

1868:, there are many options for consumption. Insects may provide a sustainable option for protein sources containing 13-77% protein by dry weight. The energy obtained by eating insects can be similar to other food sources like beef and chicken depending on what kind of insect is eaten. Insects may be a sustainable commercial farming option to support populations struggling with food security due to their nutrition and farming capacities, taking less room to cultivate than other protein sources. 2022:(DRC), about 33% of households are food insecure, and nearly 60% in eastern provinces. Millions of DRC inhabitants are living below the poverty line, contributing to this widespread hunger in the country that in some cases is so severe, that families can't afford to eat everyday. A study showed the correlation of food insecurity and its negative effects on at-risk HIV adults in the Democratic Republic of Congo, exacerbating the vulnerability of these populations even further. 11619: 10631: 929: 790:. Access to healthcare is another determinant of food utilization since the health of individuals controls how the food is metabolized. For example, intestinal parasites can take nutrients from the body and decrease food utilization. Sanitation can also decrease the occurrence and spread of diseases that can affect food utilization. Education about nutrition and food preparation can affect food utilization and improve this pillar of food security. 868: 1343: 2109: 11631: 1776: 11871: 1559: 10619: 558: 11859: 668: 2050:

Although Mexico has been expanding its food and nutrition programs that have been expected, and to some degree, have contributed to increases in health and nutrition, food security, particularly as it relates to obesity and malnutrition, still remains a relevant public health problem. Although food availability is not the issue, severe deficiencies in the accessibility of food contribute to insecurity.

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food insecurity are more likely to experience suicidal ideation, suicide planning and suicide attempts than those who are food-secure. This is more common in countries where food insecurity is less common, potentially because it indicates a reduced standard of living and low social standing within that country. Research has also found that food insecurity is linked to an increased risk of

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and utilization/adequacy. While availability (production and supply) and utilization/adequacy (nutritional status/ anthropometric measurement) are easier to estimate and therefore more popular, accessibility (the ability to acquire a sufficient quantity and quality of food) remains largely elusive. The factors influencing household food accessibility are often context-specific.

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high-protein foods that are not as accessible to them. This then results in unbalanced and unhealthy diets that contribute to poor health outcomes for these populations. Furthermore, many urban areas are forced to turn to mainly consume bushmeat as their primary source of protein, because they cannot afford to access other types of safer, healthier and even more legal options.

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lower incomes, single-income, and renting rather than owning their home. Food insecurity is more prevalent in households that receive social assistance, Employment Insurance, and Worker's Compensation, as well as in pension-reliant homes. People who identified as Indigenous or Black also face higher rates of food insecurity than those who identify otherwise.

751:. Poverty can limit access to food, and can also increase how vulnerable an individual or household is to food price spikes. Access depends on whether the household has enough income to purchase food at prevailing prices or has sufficient land and other resources to grow its food. Households with enough resources can overcome unstable harvests and 1890:, improved nutrition and health, and activism. Today, a growing number of individuals and minority groups are embracing the Food Justice due to the perceived increase in hunger within nations such as the United States as well as the amplified effect of food insecurity on many minority communities, particularly the Black and Latino communities. 197:

definitions added demand and access issues to the definition. The first World Food Summit, held in 1996, stated that food security "exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."

327:(CSI) – assesses household behaviors and rates them based on a set of varied established behaviors on how households cope with food shortages. The methodology for this research is based on collecting data on a single question: "What do you do when you do not have enough food, and do not have enough money to buy food?" 298:(PoU). Beginning in the early 2010s, FAO incorporated more complex metrics into its calculations, including estimates of food losses in retail distribution for each country and the volatility in agri-food systems. Since 2016, it has also reported the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the FIES. 8182: 345: 2049:

has sought to ensure food security through its history. Yet, despite various efforts, Mexico continues to lack national food and nutrition strategies that secure food security for the people. As a large country of more than 100 million people, planning and executing social policies are complex tasks.

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to promote food security and eradicate hunger and poverty. In particular, the WFP provides food aid to refugees and to others experiencing food emergencies. It also seeks to improve nutrition and quality of life to the most vulnerable populations and promote self-reliance. An example of a WFP program

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In 2020, FAO deployed intense advocacy to make healthy diets affordable as a way to reduce global food insecurity and save vast sums in the process. The agency said that if healthy diets were to become the norm, almost all of the health costs that can currently be blamed on unhealthy diets (estimated

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can achieve food security. The resilience of agrifood systems refers to the capacity over time of agrifood systems, in the face of any disruption, to sustainably ensure availability of and access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for all, and sustain the livelihoods of agrifood systems' actors.

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has disrupted global food supplies. The conflict has severely impacted food supply chains with noteworthy effects on production, sourcing, manufacturing, processing, logistics, and significant shifts in demand among nations reliant on imports from Ukraine. The European Union's imposition of sanctions

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Food security can be measured by the number of calories to digest per person per day, available on a household budget. In general, the objective of food security indicators and measurements is to capture some or all of the main components of food security in terms of food availability, accessibility,

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Poverty is closely associated with food insecurity but this relationship is not foolproof, in that not all people living below the poverty line experience food insecurity, and people who live above the poverty line can also experience food insecurity. Underlying factors of food insecurity relates to

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for Australia regarding food security, as Australia already experiences extreme weather. Australia's history in biofuel production and use of fertilizers has reduced the quality of the land. Increased extreme weather is projected to affect crops, livestock, and soil quality. Wheat production, one of

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In 2012, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) conducted a survey measuring nutrition, which included food security. It was reported that 4% of Australian households were food insecure. 1.5% of those households were severely food insecure. Additionally, the Australian Institute of Family Studies

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showed that over 50 studies have shown that food insecurity is strongly associated with a higher risk of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. For depression and anxiety, food-insecure individuals have almost a threefold risk increase compared to food-secure individuals. Adolescents experiencing

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Climate change is projected to negatively affect all four pillars of food security. It will affect how much food is available. It will also affect how easy food is to access through prices, food quality, and how stable the food system is. Climate change is already affecting the productivity of wheat

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The WHO states that three pillars that determine food security: food availability, food access, and food use and misuse. The FAO added a fourth pillar: the stability of the first three dimensions of food security over time. In 2009, the World Summit on Food Security stated that the "four pillars of

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Close to 12 percent of the global population was severely food insecure in 2020, representing 928 million people -148 million more than in 2019. A variety of reasons lie behind the increase in hunger over the past few years. Slowdowns and downturns since the 2008-9 financial crisis have conspired to

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Uganda faces challenges associated with food security related to agricultural soil management, forest destruction, and anthropogenic pressure on the land. This is an issue as agriculture is the main form of food acquisition in places such as Tororo and Busia. In these areas the 90% of families rely

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intake which varies across age and sex. In a 2015 study, the caloric intake was higher in severely food insecure households however with fewer micronutrients indicating a shift towards less nutrient-dense food options. In addition to micronutrient deficiencies across all age groups, food insecurity

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In Afghanistan, about 35.5% of households are food insecure (as of 2018). The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting in children under five years of age is also very high. In October 2021, more than half of Afghanistan's 39 million people faced an acute food shortage. On 11 November 2021,

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FAO urged governments to make nutrition a central plank of their agricultural policies, investment policies and social protection systems. It also called for measures to tackle food loss and waste, and to lower costs at every stage of food production, storage, transport, distribution and marketing.

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have potential effects on the four pillars of food security. However, the links between food loss and waste reduction and food security are complex, and positive outcomes are not always certain. Reaching acceptable levels of food security and nutrition inevitably implies certain levels of food loss

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will be living in areas of high water stress, which will likely displace anywhere between 24 million and 700 million people as conditions become increasingly unlivable. Because the majority of Africa remains dependent on an agricultural lifestyle and 80 to 90 percent of all families in rural Africa

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in West Africa. Stringent lockdowns, travel restrictions, and disruptions to labor forces resulted in bottlenecks affecting the production and distribution of goods. Notably, the food supply chain experienced significant disruptions as the pandemic strained logistics, labor availability, and demand

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The next pillar of food security is food utilization, which refers to the metabolism of food by individuals. Once the food is obtained by a household, a variety of factors affect the quantity and quality of food that reaches members of the household. To achieve food security, the food ingested must

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involves the storage, processing, transport, packaging, and marketing of food. Food-chain infrastructure and storage technologies on farms can also affect the amount of food wasted in the distribution process. Poor transport infrastructure can increase the price of supplying water and fertilizer as

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observed that "there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem." While drought and other naturally occurring events may trigger famine conditions, it is government action or inaction that determines its severity, and often even whether or not a famine will occur. The 20th century has examples

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contributed to the food insecurity of the nation, in which chronic infant malnutrition was over 45% for children under 5 years old. The nation's lack of access to markets, limited financial means, and low levels of food production have been other contributors to their poor levels of food security.

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will receive $ 220 million to fund eight new projects, all of which is expected to benefit nearly a million children residing in food-insecure countries in Africa and East Asia. The USDA will also receive another $ 178 million for seven international development projects to support U.S. government

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Worldwide, the prevalence of child stunting was 21.3 percent in 2019, or 144 million children. Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and the Caribbean have the largest rates of reduction in the prevalence of stunting and are the only subregions on track to achieve the 2025 and 2030 stunting targets. Between

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How the impacts on the different dimensions of food security play out and affect the food security of different population groups depends on where in the food supply chain the reduction in losses or waste takes place as well as on where nutritionally vulnerable and food-insecure people are located

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can pose serious risks to food security. Risks can be posed both directly by overexploitation of food fish and indirectly through overexploitation of the fish that those food fish depend on for survival. In 2022 the United Nations called attention "considerably negative impact" on food security of

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Inequality in the distributions of assets, resources and income, compounded by the absence or scarcity of welfare provisions in the poorest of countries, is further undermining access to food. Nearly a tenth of the world population still lives on US$ 1.90 or less a day, with sub-Saharan Africa and

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was defined with an emphasis on supply; it was defined as the "availability at all times of adequate, nourishing, diverse, balanced and moderate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset the fluctuations in production and prices." Later

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Swinnen, Johan; and McDermott, John. 2020. COVID-19: Assessing impacts and policy responses for food and nutrition security. In COVID-19 and global food security, eds. Johan Swinnen and John McDermott. Introduction, Chapter 1, Pp. 8–12. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute

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National Food Security Surveys are the main survey tool used by the USDA to measure food security in the United States. Based on respondents' answers to survey questions, the household can be placed on a continuum of food security defined by the USDA. This continuum has four categories: high food

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more effectively, and using supplemental and small-scale irrigation, hold the key to helping the greatest number of poor people. It has called for a new era of water investments and policies for upgrading rainfed agriculture that would go beyond controlling field-level soil and water to bring new

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and the World Food Summit Plan of Action. The Rome Declaration called for the members of the United Nations to work to halve the number of chronically undernourished people on the Earth by 2015. The Plan of Action set several targets for government and non-governmental organizations for achieving

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and waste. Maintaining buffers to ensure food stability requires a certain amount of food to be lost or wasted. At the same time, ensuring food safety involves discarding unsafe food, which then is counted as lost or wasted, while higher-quality diets tend to include more highly perishable foods.

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There are two distinct types of access to food: direct access, in which a household produces food using human and material resources, and economic access, in which a household purchases food produced elsewhere. Location can affect access to food and which type of access a family will rely on. The

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present evidence that the decades-long decline in hunger in the world, as measured by the number of undernourished (NoU), has ended. In the 2020 report, FAO used newly accessible data from China to revise the global NoU downwards to nearly 690 million, or 8.9 percent of the world population – but

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degrade social conditions, making undernourishment more prevalent. Structural imbalances and a lack of inclusive policies have combined with extreme weather events, altered environmental conditions, and the spread of pests and diseases, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, triggering stubborn cycles of

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Food insecurity is highly prevalent in Yemen, with 60% of the population being affected by agricultural decline. The Integrated Security Phase Classification system places 53% of Yemenis as at risk (36%) or as an emergency (17%). Between 23 and 30% of Yemenis must change their choice of food and

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as of a 2017-2018 survey. Of the 57% of household affected by food insecurity in Nunavut, almost half of them are severely food insecure. These rates of food security equal 4.4 million people, of which 1.2 million were under the age of 18. Some common co-occurring conditions were households with

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pressure are other factors. Droughts result in crop failures and the loss of pasture for livestock. Loss and poor growth of livestock cause milk yield and meat production to decrease. The rate of soil erosion is 10–20 times higher than the rate of soil accumulation in agricultural areas that use

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Women play key roles in maintaining all four pillars of food security: as food producers and agricultural entrepreneurs; as decision-makers for the food and nutritional security of their households and communities and as "managers" of the stability of food supplies in times of economic hardship.

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Furthermore, the nation has an influx of imported food products that are often of poor nutritional quality, but are placed at competitive prices that the nation can afford. This results in the majority of households turning to cheaper, high-calorie food products over more healthy, unaffordable,

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The state of food insecurity in the DRC has been long prevalent, but worsened greatly following the Congolese Wars (1996–1998; 1998–2003). In 2002, about 80% of the population lived below the poverty line, and more than 90% of the rural population had no easy access to safe drinking water. This

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if the mother is malnourished and continues through approximately the third year of life. It leads to higher infant and child mortality, but at rates far lower than during famines. Once stunting has occurred, improved nutritional intake after the age of about two years is unable to reverse the

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in the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity grew even larger in the year of COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 SOFI report finds that in 2019 an estimated 29.9 percent of women aged between 15 and 49 years around the world were affected by anemia – now a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)

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found that rates of food security varied significantly by race, class and education. In both kindergarten and third grade, 8% of the children were classified as food insecure, but only 5% of white children were food insecure, while 12% and 15% of black and Hispanic children were food insecure,

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Finally, there are increasing risks to institutional stability, persistent violence, and large-scale population relocation as a consequence of the conflicts. With the majority of them being hosted in developing nations, the number of displaced individuals between 2010 and 2018 increased by 70%

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and drought result in crop failure and decreased food availability. Civil conflicts can also decrease access to food. Instability in markets resulting in food-price spikes can cause transitory food insecurity. Other factors that can temporarily cause food insecurity are loss of employment or

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Chronic (or permanent) food insecurity is defined as the long-term, persistent lack of adequate food. In this case, households are constantly at risk of being unable to acquire food to meet the needs of all members. Chronic and transitory food insecurity are linked since the reoccurrence of

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on Russia has added complexity to trade relations. In Asia and the Pacific, many of those regions' countries depend on the importation of basic food staples such as wheat and also fertilizer, with nearly 1.1 billion lacking a healthy diet caused by poverty and ever-increasing food prices.

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Masika Musumari, Patou; Wouters, Edwin; Kalambayi Kayembe, Patrick; Kiumbu Nzita, Modeste; Mutindu Mbikayi, Samclide; Suguimoto, S. Pilar; Techasrivichien, Teeranee; Wellington Lukhele, Bhekumusa; El-saaidi, Christina; Piot, Peter; Ono-Kihara, Masako; Kihara, Masahiro (15 January 2014).

708:. Crop production can be affected by changes in rainfall and temperatures. The use of land, water, and energy to grow food often compete with other uses, which can affect food production. Land used for agriculture can be used for urbanization or lost to desertification, salinization or 2120:

security, marginal food security, low food security, and very low food security. The continuum of food security ranges from households that consistently have access to nutritious food to households where at least one or more members routinely go without food due to economic reasons.

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Even before the Russian invasion of Ukraine, food prices were already at a record high. 82 million East Africans and 42 million West Africans faced acute food insecurity in 2021. By the end of 2022, more than 8 million Somalis were in need of food assistance. In February 2022, the

8157: 1130:, for use in fertilizer production. The development of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer has significantly supported global population growth — it has been estimated that almost half the people on Earth are currently fed as a result of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use. 2240:, advocates for a multidimensional approach to food security challenges. This approach emphasizes the physical availability of food; the social, economic and physical access people have to food; and the nutrition, safety and cultural appropriateness or adequacy of food. 1700:

freshwater sources through better local management of rainfall and runoff. Increased agricultural productivity enables farmers to grow more food, which translates into better diets and, under market conditions that offer a level playing field, into higher farm incomes.

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In 2023, the Global Report on Food Crises revealed that acute hunger affected approximately 282 million people across 59 countries, an increase of 24 million from the previous year. This rise in food insecurity was primarily driven by conflicts, economic shocks, and

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recommended that efforts to combat hunger and malnutrition should be the first priority for politicians and private sector philanthropists looking to maximize the effectiveness of aid spending. They put this ahead of other priorities, like the fight against

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as safety nets to increase the purchasing power of households. FAO has stated that "approaches should be human rights-based, target the poor, promote gender equality, enhance long-term resilience and allow sustainable graduation out of poverty."

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for those extremely vulnerable to food insecurity will add $ 9 billion to their balance of payments pressures – in 2022 and 2023." This would deplete countries' foreign reserves as well as their capacity to pay for food and fertilizer imports."

1660:'s CAADP framework aiming to end hunger in Africa by 2025. It includes different interventions including support for improved food production, a strengthening of social protection and integration of the Right to Food into national legislation. 1043:(FAO) reported a 20% rise in food prices since February 2021. The war further pushed this increase to 40% in March 2022 but was reduced to 18% by January 2023. But the FAO warns that inflation of food prices will continue in many countries. 676:

food security are availability, access, utilization, and stability." Two additional pillars of food security were recommended in 2020 by the High-Level Panel of Experts for the Committee on World Food Security: agency and sustainability.

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Food stability refers to the ability to obtain food over time. Food insecurity can be transitory, seasonal, or chronic. In transitory food insecurity, food may be unavailable during certain periods of time. At the food production level,

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Food security could be increased by integrating alternative foods that can be grown in compact environments, that are resilient to pests and disease, and that do not require complex supply chains. Foods meeting these criteria include

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refers to the long-term ability of food systems to provide food security and nutrition in a way that does not compromise the economic, social, and environmental bases that generate food security and nutrition for future generations.

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both leads to and is a result of food insecurity. According to estimates, girls and women make up 60% of the world's chronically hungry and little progress has been made in ensuring the equal right to food for women enshrined in the

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Data from the 2021 FAO SOFI showed that in 2020, 22.0 percent (149.2 million) of children under 5 years of age were affected by stunting, 6.7 percent (45.4 million) were suffering from wasting and 5.7 percent (38.9 million) were

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The UN Millennium Development Goals were one of the initiatives aimed at achieving food security in the world. The first Millennium Development Goal states that the UN "is to eradicate extreme hunger and poverty" by 2015. The

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significantly impacted food security, with extreme weather events being primary drivers in 18 countries, affecting over 77 million people. The year marked the hottest on record, leading to severe climatic disturbances such as

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Africa and Asia account for more than nine out of ten of all children with stunting, more than nine out of ten children with wasting, and more than seven out of ten children who are affected by being overweight worldwide.

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damage. Severe malnutrition in early childhood often leads to defects in cognitive development. It, therefore, creates a disparity a between children who did not experience severe malnutrition and those who experience it.

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Famine and hunger are both rooted in food insecurity. Chronic food insecurity translates into a high degree of vulnerability to famine and hunger; ensuring food security presupposes the elimination of that vulnerability.

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Several measurements have been developed to capture the access component of food security, with some notable examples developed by the USAID-funded Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) project. These include:

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expressed concerns that the increased connections between markets and the complexity of food and economic systems could cause disruptions to food systems during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically affecting the poor.

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study commissioned by the USDA criticized this measurement and the relationship of "food security" to hunger, adding "it is not clear whether hunger is appropriately identified as the end of the food security scale."

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Conflict prevention and resolution mechanisms and democracy and governance based on principles of accountability and transparency in public institutions and the rule of law are basic to reducing vulnerable members of

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evolved as a broader concept. In 1995, it was defined as "adequate nutritional status in terms of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals for all household members at all times." It is also related to the concepts of

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patterns. While progress in combating COVID-19 has provided some relief, the pandemic's lasting effects persist, including shifts in consumer behavior and the ongoing necessity for health and safety measures.

411:(SOFA) further estimates that an additional 1 billion people (mostly in lower- and upper-middle-income countries) are at risk of not affording a healthy diet if a shock were to reduce their income by a third. 7894:

Zhong, Taiyang; Si, Zhenzhong; Crush, Jonathan; Scott, Steffanie; Huang, Xianjin (2019). "Achieving urban food security through a hybrid public-private food provisioning system: the case of Nanjing, China".

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that wiped out the country's crops, which made food security a priority for Xi. As part of its goals of ensuring food security, the Chinese Communist Party emphasizes agricultural research, including at the

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By way of comparison, in one of the largest food producing countries in the world, the United States, approximately one out of six people are "food insecure," including 17 million children, according to the

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The concept of food security has evolved over time. The four pillars of food security include availability, access, utilization, and stability. In addition, there are two more dimensions that are important:

5856: 5730: 6404: 1330:. These events disrupted agriculture, damaged crops, and decreased food availability, underlining the crucial need for urgent global action to adapt to and mitigate climate impacts to protect food sources. 7537: 1578:(FAO) has proposed a "twin track" approach to fight food insecurity that combines sustainable development and short-term hunger relief. Development approaches include investing in rural markets and rural 174:

in 1996, is "when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life".

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Oldewage-Theron, Wilna H.; Dicks, Emsie G.; Napier, Carin E. (2006). "Poverty, household food insecurity and nutrition: Coping strategies in an informal settlement in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa".

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has been described as "critical for ensuring urban food security," particularly in Chinese cities. The influence of wet markets on urban food security includes food pricing and physical accessibility.

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of children. Once stunting has occurred, improved nutritional intake after the age of about two years is unable to reverse the damage. Severe malnutrition in early childhood often leads to defects in

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Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems

3954: 4862: 4789: 3377: 1008:, bread, pasta, flour, cooking oil, sugar, egg, chickpea and meat increased. Many factors have contributed to the ongoing world food crisis. These include supply chain disruptions due to the 185:(USDA), is a situation of "limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways." 10022: 9437: 3437:

Maxwell, Daniel; Caldwell, Richard; Langworthy, Mark (1 December 2008). "Measuring food insecurity: Can an indicator based on localized coping behaviors be used to compare across contexts?".

5070: 2157:, or a condition in the environment where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks. 7947: 7874: 819:

refers to the capacity of individuals or groups to make their own decisions about what foods they eat, what foods they produce, how that food is produced, processed, and distributed within

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hunger target. The FAO credited growth in agricultural productivity and macroeconomic stability for the rapid economic growth in the 1990s that resulted in an increase in food security.

732: 1208:

was critical in supporting a larger population through the mid-1900s to now by increasing crop yields, it has also resulted in environmental degradation particularly through land use,

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by 2030. Although there has been some progress, the world is not on track to achieve the global nutrition targets, including those on child stunting, wasting and overweight by 2030.

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adds that access to food must be available in socially acceptable ways, without, for example, resorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging, stealing, or other coping strategies.

8037:"Food Insecurity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Non-Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Adults in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study" 7594: 2207:, in honour of the date FAO was founded in 1945. On this day, FAO hosts a variety of events at its headquarters in Rome and around the world, as well as seminars with UN officials. 4755: 2600: 9332:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021: Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all, In brief

9288:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all, In brief

7125: 9932: 7319: 3287: 1150:

and is predicted to spread rapidly through these regions and possibly further afield, potentially causing a wheat production disaster that would affect food security worldwide.

8598: 8568: 2320: 6336: 4980: 7054: 2431: 7100: 6017:

Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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is a multifaceted movement with relevance to the issue of food security. It has been described as a movement about social-economic and political problems in connection to

9194: 8403: 6865:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021: Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all, In Brief

3783:

NENA Regional Network on Nutrition-sensitive Food System. Empowering women and ensuring gender equality in agri-food systems to achieve better nutrition − Technical brief

3688:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all, In brief

2472:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021: Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all. In brief

1582:. In general, FAO proposes the use of public policies and programs that promote long-term economic growth that will benefit the poor. To obtain short-term food security, 6152:

IPCC Special Report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems

5100: 2969: 1688: 1212:, and deforestation. Over-farming of agricultural land due to the Green Revolution has caused contamination and erosion of soil, and a reduction in biodiversity due to 5151: 2243:

Multiple different international agreements and mechanisms have been developed to address food security. The main global policy to reduce hunger and poverty is in the

1459:

Many countries experience ongoing food shortages and distribution problems. These result in chronic and often widespread hunger amongst significant numbers of people.

449:

At the global level, the prevalence of food insecurity at a moderate or severe level, and severe level only, is higher among women than men, magnified in rural areas.

1719:

and technology. Current agricultural yields are insufficient to feed the growing populations. Eventually, the rising agricultural productivity drives economic growth.

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has stated that pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic risk undermining the efforts of humanitarian and food security organizations to maintain food security. The

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Godfray, H. C. J.; Beddington, J. R.; Crute, I. R.; Haddad, L.; Lawrence, D.; Muir, J. F.; Pretty, J.; Robinson, S.; Thomas, S. M.; Toulmin, C. (28 January 2010).

1052: 6396: 3899: 823:, and their ability to engage in processes that shape food system policies and governance. This term shares similar values to those of another important concept, 7529: 6011:

Easterling, W.E., P.K. Aggarwal, P. Batima, K.M. Brander, L. Erda, S.M. Howden, A. Kirilenko, J. Morton, J.-F. Soussana, J. Schmidhuber and F.N. Tubiello, 2007:

5350: 4494: 3626:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all

1796:

is the "Food For Assets" program in which participants work on new infrastructure, or learn new skills, that will increase food security, in exchange for food.

478:

Food insecurity in children can lead to developmental impairments and long term consequences such as weakened physical, intellectual and emotional development.

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The monetary value of global food exports multiplied by 4.4 in nominal terms between 2000 and 2021, from US$ 380 billion in 2000 to US$ 1.66 trillion in 2021.

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has the largest number of water-stressed countries of any place on the globe, as of an estimated 800 million people who live in Africa, 300 million live in a

5235: 4184: 1967:

is correlated with higher rates of chronic disease biomarkers. In Canada, food insecurity is associated with worse mental health and higher mortality rates.

1292:

Food waste may be diverted for alternative human consumption when economic variables allow for it. In the 2019 edition of the State of Food and Agriculture,

579:

have been frequent in world history. Some have killed millions and substantially diminished the population of a large area. The most common causes have been

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Diseases affecting livestock or crops can have devastating effects on food availability especially if there are no contingency plans in place. For example,

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Rasul, Golam; Hussain, Abid; Mahapatra, Bidhubhusan; Dangol, Narendra (1 January 2018). "Food and nutrition security in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region".

6428:

Stunted growth in children from fetal life to adolescence: Risk factors, consequences and entry points for prevention – Cohort studies in rural Bangladesh

4828: 10116: 4854: 4534: 8787: 8427:"Food insecurity and its association with co-occurring postnatal depression, hazardous drinking, and suicidality among women in peri-urban South Africa" 5565: 3319: 1610:

FAO has noted that some countries have been successful in fighting food insecurity and decreasing the number of people suffering from undernourishment.

11533: 8950:

Dureab, Fekri; Al-Falahi, Eshraq; Ismail, Osan; Al-Marhali, Lina; Al Jawaldeh, Ayoub; Nuri, Nazmun Nahar; Safary, Elvis; Jahn, Albrecht (5 June 2019).

1704: 237: 4777: 1549:

strengthening food environments and changing consumer behaviour to promote dietary patterns with positive impacts on human health and the environment.

6156: 5620: 3860: 3200: 744: 712:

due to unsustainable agricultural practices. Crop production is not required for a country to achieve food security. Nations do not have to have the

321:– measures the experience of household food deprivation based on a set of predictable reactions, captured through a survey and summarized in a scale. 8817: 7706:

Gunasekera, Don; Tulloh, Catherine; Ford, Melanie; Heyhoe, Edwina (2008). "Climate change: Opportunities and challenges in Australian agriculture".

6719: 5947:"Global Report on Food Crises: Acute hunger remains persistently high in 59 countries with 1 in 5 people assessed in need of critical urgent action" 5654: 3828:"Global Report on Food Crises: Acute hunger remains persistently high in 59 countries with 1 in 5 people assessed in need of critical urgent action" 2887: 10029: 10000: 9444: 5062: 1983: 7939: 7197:"FACT SHEET: At United Nations General Assembly, President Biden Announces $ 2.9 Billion in Additional Funding to Strengthen Global Food Security" 8676: 8650: 268: 9370: 3963: 3921: 11558: 8879: 5441: 5126: 8270:"Technology innovations for food security in Singapore: A case study of future food systems for an increasingly natural resource-scarce world" 5327: 1630:

that are linked to unhealthy diets, the savings would be even greater (US$ 1.7 trillion, or over 70 percent of the total estimated for 2030).

10857: 9088: 2838: 1201:, overgrazing, and over-exploitation of vegetation for use. Approximately 40 percent of the world's agricultural land is seriously degraded. 7976: 3222: 747:

noted that the causes of hunger and malnutrition are often not a scarcity of food but an inability to access available food, usually due to

81:. Food security includes resilience to future disruptions of food supply. Such a disruption could occur due to various risk factors such as 10004: 7567: 7288: 6019:, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 273-313. 4911: 4593:

Loring, Philip A.; Gerlach, S. Craig (2009). "Food, Culture, and Human Health in Alaska: An Integrative Health Approach to Food Security".

1065: 6602: 4660: 3252: 11470: 10548: 8628: 7147: 5463: 5297: 5143: 4747: 4889: 1594:. The use of conditional or unconditional food or cash transfers is another approach promoted by FAO. Conditional transfers may include 1216:

usage (as well as deforestation). Malnutrition rates and food insecurity could increase again as land and water resources are depleted.

1104:

transformed agriculture around the globe, world grain production increased by 250%. The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by

11217: 10461: 9585: 8327:"Food Insecurity Individual Experience: A Comparison of Economic and Social Characteristics of the Most Vulnerable Groups in the World" 7998: 7119: 2146: 1997:

Xi stressed that there should be a sense of crisis regarding food security. In 2020, China witnessed a rise in food prices, due to the

465:

were among the hardest hit, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to address and mitigate global hunger effectively.

7311: 5591: 8590: 8564: 6374: 3120:"Development of a universally applicable household food insecurity measurement tool: process, current status, and outstanding issues" 2607: 2316: 1760: 1409:

is expected to decrease by about 5%. Tropical and subtropical oceans are most affected, while there may be more fish in polar waters.

4972: 4159:"Letter dated 7 November 2003 from the Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General" 10667: 10493: 10184: 9724: 9559: 7043: 2422: 1692: 7082: 6671:"Food Insecurity, Adolescent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors, and Country-Level Context: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Analysis" 5002: 2124:

report number 155 (ERS-155) estimates that 14.5 percent (17.6 million) of US households were food insecure at some point in 2012.

779:

affects food utilization, and can be affected by the preparation, processing, and cooking of food in the community and household.

2635:

Das, Sumonkanti; Hossain, Zakir; Nesa, Mossamet Kamrun (25 April 2009). "Levels and trends in child malnutrition in Bangladesh".

1768: 1642: 743:

Food access refers to the affordability and allocation of food, as well as the preferences of individuals and households. The UN

739:

are an important part of the solution to global food security because they are fairly low-maintenance and easy to raise and farm.

619:

undermining the food security of their nations. Mass starvation is frequently a weapon of war, as in the blockade of Germany in

182: 65:. The availability of food for people of any class and state, gender or religion is another element of food security. Similarly, 5032: 4410: 4386: 3659: 3556: 2357: 11167: 9916: 9150: 9117: 8395: 6669:

Steare, Thomas; Lewis, Gemma; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Pitman, Alexandra; Rose-Clarke, Kelly; Patalay, Praveetha (11 December 2023).

3805: 3471: 3119: 2987: 2803: 2556: 1595: 69:

food security is considered to exist when all the members of a family, at all times, have access to enough food for an active,

9260: 6459:

Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Berkley, James A.; Bandsma, Robert H. J.; Kerac, Marko; Trehan, Indi; Briend, André (21 September 2017).

5092: 1950:

has monitored the level of food insecurity by province and territory. Rates of food insecurity in Canada ranged from 11.1% in

536:

The gap in food insecurity between men and women widened from 1.7 percentage points in 2019 to 4.3 percentage points in 2021.

309:– measures the degree of food insecurity (inaccessibility) in the household in the previous month on a discrete ordinal scale. 11690: 11586: 10120: 9612: 9025: 8751: 8110: 7595:"Australian Health Survey: Nutrition – State and Territory results, 2011–12 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 6965: 6951: 6905: 6880: 6840: 6800: 6760: 6575: 6532: 6435: 6284: 5924: 5291: 4577: 3986: 3799: 3752: 3703: 3645: 3597: 3542: 3223:"Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" 2487: 2393: 2224: 491:

respectively. In third grade, 13% of black and 11% of Hispanic children were food insecure compared to 5% of white children.

5763: 4211: 4157:

Herzegovina, Bosnia and; Moldova, Republic of; Federation, Russian; Arabia, Saudi; Republic, Syrian Arab (7 November 2003).

2765: 10151: 9637: 9238: 9216: 6987: 5819: 3890:, November 17, 2009. "America's Economic Pain Brings Hunger Pangs: USDA Report on Access to Food 'Unsettling,' Obama Says"" 2944: 1938:

Australia's main food exports, is projected to decrease by 9.2% by 2030. Beef production is also expected to fall by 9.6%.

1497: 1362:

Climate change will affect agriculture and food production around the world. The reasons include the effects of elevated CO

1073: 860: 608: 117: 8707: 7165: 6030: 5402: 2074:

In 2019 the Singapore government launched the "30 by 30" program which aims to drastically reduce food insecurity through

1634:

Another FAO priority is for governments to secure better access to markets for small-scale producers of nutritious foods.

392:

to external shocks. In many low-income economies, debt has swollen to levels far exceeding GDP, eroding growth prospects.

11822: 10553: 8878:

Owino, Abraham Yeyo; Atuhaire, Leonard K.; Wesonga, Ronald; Nabugoomu, Fabian; Muwanga-Zaake, Elijah S. K. (3 May 2014).

4162: 2521: 1998: 1028:

during 2021 (which destroyed key American and European crops). Droughts were also a factor; in early 2022, some areas of

624: 620: 340:

The concentration and distribution of food insecurity in 2023 by severity differ greatly across the regions of the world.

8365: 7743: 7231: 4717: 3885: 3292:. Washington, D.C.: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. Archived from 2137:

Both children and adults were food insecure in 7.1 percent of households with children (2.7 million households) in 2018.

1641:

in 1996, aimed to renew a global commitment to the fight against hunger. The conference produced two key documents, the

11916: 11827: 11569: 11447: 11367: 11207: 11182: 10623: 10057: 9996: 9200:

The State of Food and Agriculture 2021. Making agrifood systems more resilient to shocks and stresses, In brief

7021: 2742: 2689: 1650: 1013: 719:

Because food consumers outnumber producers in every country, food must be distributed to different regions or nations.

9058: 5388: 976:. In 2022, the world experienced significant food price inflation along with major food shortages in several regions. 659:

Growth in food production has been greater than population growth. Food per person increased since 1961. Data source:

11911: 11116: 10445: 5918: 4483: 3260:. Washington DC: Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development. Archived from 2713: 1575: 1293: 1089: 1040: 660: 419: 260: 249: 8880:"Determining Factors that Influence Household Food Insecurity in Uganda: A Case Study of Tororo and Busia Districts" 5264: 1837:. While unpalatable on their own to most people, such raw ingredients might be processed into more palatable foods. 241:

Globally and in every region except Oceania, the prevalence of food insecurity is higher among women than among men.

11896: 11797: 11495: 11452: 10692: 10199: 9971: 8757: 8525:"Food insecurity in South Africa: To what extent can social grants and consumption of wild foods eradicate hunger?" 7772:"Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2022. Toronto: Research to identify policy options to reduce food insecurity" 6935:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 – Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets

5788: 4135: 3523:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 – Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets

2019: 1335: 1159: 7382:

Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye, Amanda; Bawa, Michael; Keith, Regina; Twefik, Sundus; Tewfik, Ihab (31 December 2021).

5971:

Hasegawa, Tomoko; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Takahashi, Kiyoshi; Yokohata, Tokuta; Masui, Toshihiko (29 January 2016).

5227: 4188: 147:. Chronic food insecurity translates into a high degree of vulnerability to hunger and famine. Chronic hunger and 93:

is the opposite of food security: a state where there is only limited or uncertain availability of suitable food.

11490: 11172: 11101: 11040: 10833: 10725: 10594: 10528: 10098: 10015: 9833: 9430: 9388: 8158:"The bushmeat market in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo: implications for conservation and food security" 4527:

Are Determinants of Rural and Urban Food Security and Nutritional Status Different? Some Insights from Mozambique

2060: 1756: 1056:

Global hunger remained virtually unchanged from 2021 to 2022 but is still far above pre-COVID-19-pandemic levels.

443: 8847:. Towards a food secure future: Ensuring food security for sustainable human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. 8097: 6337:"Food insecurity is driving women in Africa into sex work, increasing HIV risk Facebook Twitter Flipboard Email" 11412: 11310: 10845: 10543: 9904: 9898: 9632: 7771: 6267:

The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate: Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

4812: 3737:

The State of Food and Agriculture 2021. Making agrifood systems more resilient to shocks and stresses, In brief

3289:

Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Household Food Access: Indicator Guide (v. 3)

2248: 1351: 786:, and whether food meets cultural preferences is important to utilization in terms of psychological and social 483: 423: 381:

put healthy diets out of reach for around 3 billion people, especially the poor, in every region of the world.

6307: 11732: 11656: 11635: 11603: 11480: 11407: 9859: 9828: 9348: 8779: 7258: 5557: 4525: 3328: 2244: 2154: 1994: 1355: 616: 427: 315:– measures the number of different food groups consumed over a specific reference period (24hrs/48hrs/7days). 1451: 1146:, which can cause up to 100% crop losses, is present in wheat fields in several countries in Africa and the 11392: 10660: 9755: 8425:

Dewing, Sarah; Tomlinson, Mark; le Roux, Ingrid M.; Chopra, Mickey; Tsai, Alexander C. (5 September 2013).

6318: 2827: 6143: 6069: 5613: 3853: 3172: 2071:

Singapore is implementing many different methods and techniques to increase internal agricultural output.

11782: 11767: 11717: 11500: 11432: 10808: 10568: 10558: 10471: 10377: 10072: 10067: 10062: 9407: 9178:

The State of Food and Agriculture 2019. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction, In brief

8809: 6012: 5646: 2966: 2878: 2103: 2007: 1934: 1615: 1435: 1017: 543:

The gender gap in accessing food increased from 2018 to 2019, particularly at moderate or severe levels.

17: 6118: 3254:

Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) for measurement of household food access: Indicator guide (v.2)

1962:

Food insecurity has been associated with a poorer quality of diet including a significant difference in

11906: 11849: 11832: 11802: 11757: 11712: 11202: 10823: 10702: 10440: 10093: 10077: 10038: 9921: 9770: 9750: 2681: 1800: 1764: 565: 8840: 7660: 2251:

sets globally agreed targets to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote

113:

in 1996 declared that "food should not be used as an instrument for political and economic pressure."

11837: 11817: 11747: 11683: 11402: 11197: 11035: 10687: 10350: 10174: 9499: 2142: 2121: 1708: 1567: 272: 105:. These six dimensions of food security are reinforced in conceptual and legal understandings of the 5433: 3949: 1763:

for its humanitarian assistance efforts around the world, along with $ 140 million for the agency's

1546:

tackling poverty and structural inequalities, ensuring interventions are pro-poor and inclusive; and

716:

required to produce crops to achieve food security, as seen in the examples of Japan and Singapore.

356: 11792: 11762: 11707: 11335: 11212: 11177: 10926: 10916: 10890: 10355: 10144: 9849: 9776: 9760: 8952:"An Overview on Acute Malnutrition and Food Insecurity among Children during the Conflict in Yemen" 5319: 2976:

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Food Policy Report. 26 pages. Washington. 1995

1899: 1627: 1243: 1235: 584: 500: 8156:

van Vliet, Nathalie; Nebesse, Casimir; Gambalemoke, Sylvestre; Akaibe, Dudu; Nasi, Robert (2012).

7637: 7383: 5902:

In Brief: The State of Food and Agriculture 2019 – Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction

2965:

QAgnes R. Quisumbing, Lynn R. Brown, Hilary Sims Feldstein, Lawrence James Haddad, Christine Peña

1463:

can respond to chronic hunger and malnutrition by decreasing body size, known in medical terms as

364: 11812: 11777: 11772: 11727: 11623: 11397: 11240: 11050: 11022: 10745: 10735: 10653: 10297: 9955: 9892: 9081: 7971: 2474:(2021 ed.). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2021. p. 5. 2252: 2040: 1591: 434:

in 2020 – as many as 161 million more than in 2019. The number had jumped by some 446 million in

9361: 9339: 9317: 9295: 9273: 9251: 9229: 9207: 9185: 9163: 9141: 7559: 7423:"Neighborhood Disparities in Access to Healthy Foods and Their Effects on Environmental Justice" 7280: 7166:"US announces $ 2.9B to fund global food security | 2022-09-21 | Agri-Pulse Communications, Inc" 7121:

Agriculture, Food Security, Nutrition, and the Millennium Development Goals: Annual Report Essay

5498:

Jagtap, S; Trollman, H; Trollman, F; Garcia-Garcia, G; Parra-López, C; et al. (July 2022).

4686: 3293: 1803:

was signed, the world's first legally binding international agreement on food aid. The May 2012

1484:. FAO warned that the figures could be even higher due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. 684:

Food availability relates to the supply of food through production, distribution, and exchange.

11891: 11807: 11787: 11752: 11742: 11722: 11649: 11642: 11462: 11417: 11372: 11187: 11151: 11141: 10936: 10911: 10895: 10880: 10862: 10466: 10424: 10419: 10302: 10179: 9808: 9564: 4629: 3261: 2264: 628: 226: 8620: 7151: 6928: 6926: 5682: 5281: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 1711:, which is in turn key to increasing rural income and reducing food insecurity. They include: 377:

and hunger. In 2019, the high cost of healthy diets together with persistently high levels of

11737: 11540: 11485: 11442: 11325: 11300: 11265: 10941: 10533: 10397: 10236: 4885: 2279: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1380: 1370:

regimes are also factors. Increased frequency of extreme events and modified weed, pest, and

561: 290:

The SOFI report measures chronic hunger (or undernourishment) using two main indicators, the

189: 156: 7970: 7384:"Edible Insects: Sustainable nutrient-rich foods to tackle food insecurity and malnutrition" 6070:"Impact of climate change adaptation on food security: evidence from semi-arid lands, Kenya" 3317: 1534:

integrating humanitarian, development and peacebuilding policies in conflict-affected areas;

11676: 11505: 11475: 11427: 11422: 11345: 11250: 11146: 10969: 10828: 10813: 10788: 10773: 10730: 10563: 10518: 10486: 10481: 10407: 10382: 10338: 9617: 9554: 9529: 9504: 9453: 8914: 8048: 7672: 7487: 6923: 6239: 6084: 6042: 5984: 5587: 5364: 5178:"Surviving the storm: navigating the quadruple whammy impact on Europe's food supply chain" 4785: 4602: 4317: 4095: 3184: 3073: 2678:

The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100: Europe, America, and the Third World

2449: 2131:

11.1 percent (14.3 million) of U.S. households were food insecure at some time during 2018.

1991: 1919: 1840: 1804: 1788: 1780: 1716: 1626:

to reach US$ 1.3 trillion a year in 2030) could be offset; and that on the social costs of

1398: 1061: 876: 264: 8208: 7560:"Afghanistan Facing Famine: UN, World Bank, US Should Adjust Sanctions, Economic Policies" 6366: 6321:

of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. p. 766.

6199: 6182: 5973:"Economic implications of climate change impacts on human health through undernourishment" 3354: 3149: 3017: 2383:"The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013. The multiple dimensions of food security" 61:

is the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious

8: 11437: 11320: 11315: 11060: 10979: 10798: 10778: 10768: 10634: 10412: 10243: 10194: 10137: 9977: 9926: 9886: 9854: 9622: 9494: 9374: 8238: 5697: 4084:"Economic Development, Drought, and Famines: Some Limitations of Dependency Explanations" 3894: 2986:

Webb, P; Coates, J.; Frongillo, E. A.; Rogers, B. L.; Swindale, A.; Bilinsky, P. (2006).

2294: 1530:

The FAO finds that there are six pathways to follow towards food systems transformation:

1297: 816: 222: 201:

transitory food security can make households more vulnerable to chronic food insecurity.

98: 8918: 8053: 7676: 7661:"Food security in Australia in an era of neoliberalism, productivism and climate change" 7491: 7079: 6695: 6670: 6620:"The association between food insecurity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic" 6088: 6046: 5988: 5368: 5349:

Erisman, Jan Willem; Sutton, MA; Galloway, J; Klimont, Z; Winiwarter, W (October 2008).

4606: 4362: 4321: 4099: 3188: 3077: 1668: 39: 11382: 11377: 11012: 10974: 10931: 10850: 10538: 10476: 10264: 10253: 10231: 10226: 10215: 9865: 9669: 9539: 9514: 9031: 8986: 8951: 8459: 8426: 8302: 8269: 8073: 8036: 7920: 7864: 7814: 7455: 7422: 6957: 6846: 6806: 6766: 6646: 6619: 6581: 6538: 6493: 6460: 6243: 6204: 6100: 5670: 5534: 5499: 5380: 4652: 4465: 4457: 4378: 4343: 4274: 4249: 4127: 4119: 4048: 3758: 3709: 3651: 3603: 3548: 3097: 2988:"Measuring household food insecurity: why it's so important and yet so difficult to do" 2941:

Agriculture, food and nutrition for Africa: a resource book for teachers of agriculture

2289: 1619: 1025: 977: 612: 7342: 3196: 1247:

rely upon producing their food, water scarcity translates to a loss of food security.

972:

During 2022 and 2023 there were food crises in several regions as indicated by rising

808:

insecurity can result from the regular pattern of growing seasons in food production.

775:

be safe and must be enough to meet the physiological requirements of each individual.

422:

had earlier warned that even without the pandemic, the world was off track to achieve

11591: 11574: 11545: 11340: 11224: 11030: 10783: 10720: 10513: 10387: 10280: 10189: 9910: 9781: 9719: 9704: 9694: 9422: 9035: 9021: 8991: 8973: 8932: 8860: 8747: 8546: 8505: 8464: 8446: 8346: 8307: 8289: 8220: 8106: 8078: 8006: 7924: 7912: 7856: 7818: 7806: 7688: 7511: 7503: 7460: 7442: 7403: 7364: 7343:"Edible insects as a means to address global malnutrition and food insecurity issues" 6961: 6947: 6876: 6850: 6836: 6810: 6796: 6770: 6756: 6700: 6686: 6651: 6585: 6571: 6542: 6528: 6498: 6480: 6441: 6431: 6280: 6247: 6104: 5914: 5709: 5647:"Global food crisis looms as climate change and population growth strip fertile land" 5539: 5521: 5355: 5287: 5209: 4820: 4656: 4573: 4407: 4335: 4279: 4131: 4111: 4052: 3795: 3762: 3748: 3713: 3699: 3655: 3641: 3607: 3593: 3552: 3538: 3419: 3373: 3173:"Food security measurement in a global context: The food insecurity experience scale" 3141: 3089: 3009: 2685: 2652: 2483: 2349: 2269: 2141:

Food insecurity is measured in the United States by questions in the Census Bureau's

2002: 1723: 1501: 1438:

cautioned in September 2022 that "the impact of increasing import costs for food and

1427:

Food insecurity can force individuals to undertake risky economic activities such as

1186: 1009: 800: 720: 713: 517: 415: 378: 171: 110: 9402: 9113: 7869: 6208: 5384: 4469: 4382: 3950:"Individual, Family and Neighborhood Characteristics and Children's Food Insecurity" 3922:"Individual, Family and Neighborhood Characteristics and Children's Food Insecurity" 3464: 3101: 3049: 3032: 2797: 2705: 2552: 2227:

in 1948, and has since said that it is vital for the enjoyment of all other rights.

1646:

food security, at the individual, household, national, regional, and global levels.

11901: 11515: 11387: 11362: 11255: 11081: 11055: 11007: 11002: 10984: 10921: 10872: 10793: 10763: 10758: 10715: 10589: 10584: 10370: 10365: 10248: 10204: 9765: 9544: 9308: 9013: 8981: 8963: 8922: 8852: 8739: 8536: 8495: 8454: 8438: 8338: 8297: 8281: 8172: 8068: 8058: 8033: 7904: 7848: 7798: 7733: 7684: 7680: 7495: 7450: 7434: 7395: 7354: 6939: 6933: 6868: 6828: 6788: 6748: 6690: 6682: 6641: 6631: 6563: 6520: 6488: 6472: 6270: 6235: 6194: 6126: 6092: 6050: 5992: 5906: 5529: 5511: 5372: 5199: 5189: 5176:

Jagtap, S; Trollman, H; Trollman, F; Garcia-Garcia, G; Martindale, W (April 2024).

4698: 4644: 4610: 4565: 4449: 4370: 4347: 4325: 4269: 4261: 4103: 4065: 4040: 3787: 3781: 3740: 3691: 3633: 3585: 3530: 3446: 3411: 3369: 3192: 3131: 3081: 3044: 2999: 2763: 2644: 2475: 2134:

In 6.8 percent of households with children, only adults were food insecure in 2018.

1523: 1460: 1346:

Projected changes in average food availability (represented as calorie consumption

1327: 1285: 1209: 1205: 1194: 1177: 1101: 1093: 824: 349: 129: 9176: 8856: 8500: 8483: 7117: 6896: 6397:"Global Food Crisis Demands Support for People, Open Trade, Bigger Local Harvests" 6306:

Bezner Kerr, Rachel; Hasegawa, Toshihiro; Lasco, Rodel; Bhatt, Indra; et al.

5900: 5588:"The Earth Is Shrinking: Advancing Deserts and Rising Seas Squeezing Civilization" 5558:"Easing Food Crisis and Promoting Long-Term Food Security in Asia and the Pacific" 4648: 4559: 4215: 3984: 3450: 2772: 2382: 1405:, warming waters decrease the amount of fish in the ocean. Per degree of warming, 1280: 388:

High import and export dependence ratios are meanwhile making many countries more

11875: 11350: 11260: 11245: 11111: 11076: 10885: 10599: 10360: 10052: 9823: 9714: 9684: 9627: 8063: 7086: 6991: 6606: 5756: 5500:"The Russia-Ukraine Conflict: Its Implications for the Global Food Supply Chains" 5268: 5130: 5063:"World food prices falling, and other economy stories you need to read this week" 4614: 4414: 3990: 3624: 3521: 2973: 2886:. Washington, D.D.: International Food Policy Research Institute. pp. 1–14. 2833: 1865: 1563: 1506: 1384: 1383:

it is 100 times higher. Climate change worsens this type of land degradation and

1376: 1181: 693: 685: 588: 552: 454: 8711: 7080:

Africa's Renewed Partnership to End Hunger by 2025. Accessed on 1 November 2015.

6260: 5123: 4374: 4363:"Japan's Food Security Problem: Increasing Self-sufficiency in Traditional Food" 2936: 2173:

households experienced food insecurity. This insecurity has negative effects on

1663: 11275: 11192: 11126: 11121: 10840: 10818: 10753: 10676: 10604: 9818: 9734: 9699: 9689: 9679: 9524: 8285: 7908: 7789:

Morales, Alfonso (June 2009). "Public Markets as Community Development Tools".

7399: 6636: 6181:

Vermeulen, Sonja J.; Campbell, Bruce M.; Ingram, John S.I. (21 November 2012).

6096: 5847:"Fish oil and fishmeal industry harming food security in west Africa, warns UN" 5260: 3415: 2216: 2204: 1845: 1751:

In September 2022, the United States announced a $ 2.9 billion contribution to

1653:

took place at the FAO's headquarters in Rome between November 16 and 18, 2009.

1579: 1543:

intervening along the food supply chains to lower the cost of nutritious foods;

1464: 1314: 1242:

environment. It is estimated that by 2030, 75 million to 250 million people in

1229: 1225: 1190: 835: 697: 689: 152: 125: 121: 102: 8927: 8902: 8541: 8524: 8442: 8396:"30 by 30: Boosting food security in land-scarce Singapore | ASEAN Today" 8342: 8239:"The double burden of malnutrition Case studies from six developing countries" 8177: 6445: 6275: 6130: 6054: 5997: 5972: 4778:"Sudanese demonstrate high commodity prices as police crackdown on protesters" 4702: 4303: 4158: 3401: 3355:"Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of "coping strategies"" 2510: 1476:

2000 and 2019, the global prevalence of child stunting declined by one-third.

414:

The 2021 edition of the SOFI report estimated the hunger excess linked to the

120:

and disruptions in global food supplies for example due to war. There is also

11885: 11580: 11305: 11290: 11285: 11270: 11091: 11045: 10803: 10343: 10292: 9664: 9569: 9549: 9489: 8977: 8936: 8903:"Prevalence of household food insecurity in wetland adjacent areas of Uganda" 8864: 8550: 8509: 8450: 8350: 8293: 8224: 8010: 7916: 7860: 7852: 7810: 7802: 7725: 7692: 7507: 7446: 7438: 7407: 7368: 7227: 6599: 6484: 6222:

Carter, Colin; Cui, Xiaomeng; Ghanem, Dalia; Mérel, Pierre (5 October 2018).

5879: 5713: 5525: 5468: 5213: 4824: 4115: 3136: 3004: 2937:"The food system and factors affecting household food security and nutrition" 2764:

Gary Bickel; Mark Nord; Cristofer Price; William Hamilton; John Cook (2000).

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The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020, In brief

8968: 8326: 7738: 7359: 7013: 6720:"Heightened food insecurity predicts a range of disordered eating behaviors" 6223: 4630:"Which aid initiatives strengthen food security? Lessons from Uttar Pradesh" 4330: 4305: 3085: 2734: 2578: 505: 11668: 11553: 10951: 10710: 10392: 9729: 9674: 9417: 9366: 9344: 9322: 9300: 9278: 9266:

International trade and the resilience of national agrifood systems

9256: 9234: 9212: 9190: 9168: 9146: 9050: 8995: 8468: 8311: 8082: 7515: 7464: 6704: 6655: 6502: 5851: 5543: 4718:"Economic protests challenge Iran's leaders as hopes for nuclear deal fade" 4339: 4283: 4265: 3423: 3318:

Ballard, Terri; Coates, Jennifer; Swindale, Anne; Deitchler, Megan (2011).

3285: 3145: 3093: 3013: 2985: 2673: 2091: 1428: 1239: 1105: 709: 644: 636: 596: 148: 9509: 7530:"'Countdown to catastrophe': half of Afghans face hunger this winter – UN" 6142:

Mbow, C.; Rosenzweig, C.; Barioni, L. G.; Benton, T.; et al. (2019).

5516: 5033:"Food prices jump 20.7% yr/yr to hit record high in Feb, U.N. agency says" 523:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

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van der Berg, Servaas; Patel, Leila; Bridgman, Grace (3 September 2022).

7834:"Marketplaces: Prospects for Social, Economic, and Political Development" 6476: 5403:"Fears global energy crisis could lead to famine in vulnerable countries" 5256: 2648: 2112: 2079: 2075: 1857: 1849: 1834: 1598:, while unconditional transfers could include general food distribution, 1402: 1269: 1256: 1147: 1119: 1109: 1077: 1021: 973: 853: 820: 783: 776: 640: 632: 603: 510: 462: 344: 31: 9244:

Ensuring economic access to healthy diets during times of crisis

8901:

Yikii, Fred; Turyahabwe, Nelson; Bashaasha, Bernard (27 November 2017).

8733: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7381: 4912:"A world of hurt: 2021 climate disasters raise alarm over food security" 4123: 4083: 3436: 2553:"Rome Declaration on Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action" 2546: 2544: 2542: 1397:

catches are already decreasing because of global warming and changes in

89:, shipping disruptions, fuel shortages, economic instability, and wars. 11295: 11280: 11106: 11086: 10160: 9534: 9519: 9479: 5964: 5204: 5194: 5177: 4461: 4107: 3030: 2511:"Food security and nutrition: building a global narrative towards 2030" 2317:"Food Security in the United States: Measuring Household Food Security" 2284: 1987: 1976: 1611: 1587: 1481: 1439: 1347: 1113: 787: 752: 705: 529: 458: 78: 62: 9222:

Robust transport networks support agrifood systems' resilience

7940:"'Operation empty plate': Xi Jinping makes food waste his next target" 7659:

Lawrence, Geoffrey; Richards, Carol; Lyons, Kristen (1 January 2013).

7499: 6016: 5144:"Coronavirus and the 5 major threats it poses to global food security" 4848: 4846: 4254:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

1540:

strengthening resilience of the most vulnerable to economic adversity;

116:

There are many causes of food insecurity. The most important ones are

11564: 11510: 10964: 10330: 9709: 9017: 7582: 6943: 6872: 6832: 6792: 6752: 6598:

Arenas, D.J., Thomas, A., Wang, J. et al. J GEN INTERN MED (2019) ||

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in the atmosphere. Higher temperatures and altered precipitation and

1213: 1143: 1005: 985: 701: 592: 557: 209: 66: 8841:"Social protection for enhanced food security in sub-Saharan Africa" 6560:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020, In brief

6517:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020, In brief

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Gregory, P. J.; Ingram, J. S. I.; Brklacich, M. (29 November 2005).

4247: 3582:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020, In brief

928: 867: 204:

As of 2015, the concept of food security has mostly focused on food

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International trade and the resilience of national agrifood systems

6224:"Identifying the Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture" 5644: 5497: 5175: 4843: 4740: 4709: 4034: 1860:(some of the insects in the picture) are just a few of the options. 1830: 1792: 1775: 1746: 1583: 1371: 1265: 1261: 1033: 205: 133: 48: 7726:"Climate change in Australia: agricultural impacts and adaptation" 7708:

Canberra, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics

7312:"Maggots and kelp must be on the menu to curb global malnutrition" 5228:"World population with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers" 4855:"How The Russia-Ukraine War Has Compounded The Global Food Crisis" 4533:. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute. 4156: 3321:

Household Hunger Scale: Indicator Definition and Measurement Guide

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Tweeten, Luther (1999). "The Economics of Global Food Security".

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NENA Regional Network on Nutrition-sensitive Food System

8209:"Characteristics of Urban Food insecurity: The Case of Kinshasa" 6825:

Ensuring economic access to healthy diets during times of crisis

6031:"Measuring economic impacts of drought: a review and discussion" 6029:

Ding, Ya; Hayes, Michael J.; Widhalm, Melissa (30 August 2011).

3064:

Barrett, C. B. (11 February 2010). "Measuring Food Insecurity".

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has also issued multiple warnings of worsening food insecurity.

1558: 1446: 1153: 1108:

in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), and

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Joachim von Braun; M.S. Swaminathan; Mark W. Rosegrant (2003).

5731:"Conference on Water Scarcity in Africa: Issues and Challenges" 4942:"Extreme winter drought devastates crops in Spain and Portugal" 4748:"'We are going to die': Food shortages worsen Sri Lanka crisis" 3948:

Kimbro, Rachel T.; Denney, Justin T.; Panchang, Sarita (2012).

2170: 2046: 1951: 1947: 1915: 1677: 1673: 1288:

in Madison, Wisconsin, from two days of recovery from dumpsters

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World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023

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Mok, Wai Kit; Tan, Yong Xing; Chen, Wei Ning (1 August 2020).

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Robust transport networks support agrifood systems' resilience

6261:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ed. (2022),

1622:

were established through infrastructure development programs.

10129: 8884:

International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research

8877: 7101:

A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture

6150: 6122: 5698:"Analysing the Impact of Green Revolution on the Environment" 2799:

Trade Reforms and Food Security: Conceptualizing the Linkages

1826: 1681: 1664:

Improving agricultural productivity to benefit the rural poor

1656:

FAO has also created a partnership that will act through the

1323: 1029: 1001: 997: 989: 956: 947: 921: 360:

Number of severely food insecure people by region (2014–2018)

259:

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (

86: 11858: 8523:

Chakona, Gamuchirai; Shackleton, Charlie M. (1 March 2019).

8424: 6668: 5789:"Better Water Security Translates into Better Food Security" 5348: 5320:"Soaring fertilizer prices put global food security at risk" 5093:"UN World Food Program seeks funds to avert COVID-19 famine" 4883: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 136:

and disease outbreaks that can all lead to food insecurity.

8231: 7477: 6141: 5757:"Coping With Water Scarcity: Challenge of the 21st Century" 1813: 1689:

Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture

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In the late 20th century the Nobel Prize-winning economist

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The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview

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Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

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Perez-Escamilla, Rafael; Segall-Correa, Ana Maria (2008).

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Fight Hunger: Walk the World campaign is a United Nations

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supported with and without synthetic nitrogen fertilizers

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Vlassenroot, Koen; Raeymaekers, Timothy (January 2008).

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Coates, Jennifer; Anne Swindale; Paula Bilinsky (2007).

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due to collapsed economy and broken banking system. The

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UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)

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International Conference on Population and Development

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Ian Sample in science correspondent (30 August 2007).

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International Journal of Food Science & Technology

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World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2023

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Data from 2018 about food security in the U.S. shows:

1193:

and a decline of agricultural yields. Other causes of

1036:

lost 60–80% of their crops due to widespread drought.

401:

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World)

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Declaration of the World Food Summit on Food Security

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Growth of World Food Supply (caloric base) per capita

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The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World

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life. Individuals who are food-secure do not live in

27:

Measure of the availability and accessibility of food

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on 1 August 2021 – via Sociable City Network.

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Archived from 6617: 6028: 4813:"Ukraine Invasion Threatens Global Wheat Supply" 2828:"Raj Patel: 'Food sovereignty' is next big idea" 2311: 2309: 2198: 1984:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party 1189:often leads to a vicious cycle of exhaustion of 688:is determined by a variety of factors including 591:. One economic policy example of famine was the 418:at 30 million people by the end of the decade – 331: 9369:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 ( 9159:, 44, FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 7769: 4627: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 2013: 1914:reported that Afghanistan is facing widespread 368:Food insecurity levels by region and sex (2022) 11559:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 8206: 7714: 7652: 7480:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 7113: 7111: 6898:The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012 6554: 6552: 6068:Ndiritu, S. 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Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 ( 9079: 7341:Tao, Jaynie; Li, Yao Olive (6 March 2018). 7108: 6857: 6549: 5890: 5488: 4009:Center for Women's Global Leadership (CWGL) 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2579:"1996 Summit on World Food Security Report" 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 1637:The World Summit on Food Security, held in 1122:is a major feedstock for the production of 650: 275:), and the United Nations Children's Fund ( 139:The effects of food insecurity can include 11691: 11677: 11630: 10668: 10654: 10462:Population and housing censuses by country 10152: 10138: 10037: 10030: 10016: 9445: 9431: 8677:"USDA ERS – Key Statistics & Graphics" 8651:"USDA ERS – Key Statistics & Graphics" 8267: 7999:"China has become a scientific superpower" 7791:Journal of Planning Education and Research 6600:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05202-4 6187:Annual Review of Environment and Resources 6013:Chapter 5: Food, fibre and forest products 5877: 5702:International Journal of New Media Studies 5464:"Billions at risk from wheat super-blight" 3769: 3720: 3677: 3614: 2416: 2414: 2377: 2375: 2238:UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food 1076:in 2014 led to increases in the prices of 11570:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) 8985: 8967: 8926: 8540: 8499: 8458: 8301: 8176: 8072: 8062: 8052: 7889: 7887: 7868: 7737: 7454: 7358: 6694: 6645: 6635: 6492: 6325: 6274: 6198: 5996: 5533: 5515: 5203: 5193: 5141: 4329: 4273: 4002: 3135: 3048: 3003: 2583:1996 Summit on World Food Security Report 1761:U.S. Agency for International Development 1491: 1336:Effects of climate change § Food security 1084: 385:southern Asia the regions most affected. 285:The State of Food Insecurity in the World 11598:UN Conference on Sustainable Development 10185:Estimates of historical world population 9725:Social determinants of health in poverty 9560:Social determinants of health in poverty 8838: 7723: 5279: 3251:Swindale, A. & Bilinsky, P. (2006). 2905: 2496: 2210: 2107: 1871: 1839: 1774: 1759:in New York. $ 2 billion will go to the 1693:International Water Management Institute 1667: 1557: 1450: 1341: 1279: 1133: 1088: 1051: 927: 866: 731: 666: 654: 556: 504: 363: 355: 343: 236: 38: 10087:National (subject specific deprivation) 10001:Measurements and definitions of poverty 9303:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA ( 9106: 8274:Trends in Food Science & Technology 8213:African Review of Economics and Finance 7831: 7788: 7281:"Outcome – Copenhagen Consensus Center" 5844: 5817: 5432:Robin McKie; Xan Rice (22 April 2007). 4810: 4439: 4070:The Cambridge History of SouthEast Asia 3955:Journal of Applied Research on Children 3352: 3063: 2411: 2372: 2230: 1769:United States Department of Agriculture 1643:Rome Declaration on World Food Security 1467:or stunted growth. This process starts 1455:A child in Dolo Ado facing malnutrition 488:Journal of Applied Research on Children 183:United States Department of Agriculture 181:, on the other hand, as defined by the 14: 11884: 11168:Corporate environmental responsibility 9917:Scottish index of multiple deprivation 9605: 9080:De Schutter, Olivier (December 2010). 8263: 8261: 8259: 7884: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7623: 7195:House, The White (21 September 2022). 6988:"World Food Summit: Basic Information" 6240:10.1146/annurev-resource-100517-022938 5725: 5723: 5695: 5568:from the original on 29 September 2022 4970: 4628:Petrikova Ivica, Hudson David (2017). 3501:The United Nations Statistics Division 2193: 2177:transmission and household stability. 1590:, or access to services could promote 1275: 307:Household Food Insecurity Access Scale 11672: 10649: 10133: 10011: 9613:Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment 9426: 9120:from the original on 10 December 2019 8601:from the original on 23 December 2019 8571:from the original on 22 November 2019 8376:from the original on 25 December 2019 8188:from the original on 8 September 2018 8145:. Practical Action. pp. 157–168. 8095: 7340: 7322:from the original on 30 December 2021 7234:from the original on 17 December 2016 7194: 7024:from the original on 11 November 2021 7014:"Rome Declaration and Plan of Action" 6717: 6347:from the original on 12 December 2022 6200:10.1146/annurev-environ-020411-130608 6162:from the original on 27 November 2019 5820:"Overfishing threatens food security" 5626:from the original on 12 November 2020 5171: 5169: 5142:Programme, World Food (28 May 2020). 5073:from the original on 15 February 2023 4831:from the original on 24 February 2022 4684: 4540:from the original on 14 February 2020 4081: 3902:from the original on 10 November 2019 3866:from the original on 11 November 2019 3808:from the original on 17 December 2022 2824: 2727: 2668: 2666: 2630: 2628: 2601:"Food Security and Famine and Hunger" 2527:from the original on 20 December 2022 2518:High Level Panel of Experts Report 15 2399:from the original on 22 December 2018 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2323:from the original on 22 November 2019 1732:through education and improved health 1167:Environmental degradation and overuse 509:A Kenyan woman farmer at work in the 11541:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983) 10618: 9638:Social determinants of mental health 8820:from the original on 27 October 2022 8790:from the original on 26 October 2022 8687:from the original on 19 January 2020 8657:from the original on 19 January 2020 8406:from the original on 9 December 2019 7640:from the original on 15 January 2023 7375: 7291:from the original on 16 January 2013 7261:from the original on 29 January 2017 7207:from the original on 25 October 2022 7176:from the original on 25 October 2022 7060:from the original on 24 October 2018 6968:from the original on 8 February 2021 6407:from the original on 27 January 2023 6377:from the original on 27 January 2023 5878:Greenfield, Robin (6 October 2014). 5799:from the original on 5 February 2022 5476:from the original on 15 January 2023 5300:from the original on 15 January 2023 5154:from the original on 15 January 2023 5103:from the original on 23 October 2020 5013:from the original on 16 January 2023 4983:from the original on 16 January 2023 4716:Dehghanpisheh, Babak (27 May 2022). 4666:from the original on 25 October 2020 4360: 4015:from the original on 3 December 2013 3928:from the original on 29 October 2013 3477:from the original on 9 December 2017 3383:from the original on 15 January 2023 3203:from the original on 9 December 2022 2893:from the original on 3 February 2015 2841:from the original on 15 January 2023 2594: 2592: 2559:from the original on 8 February 2019 2437:from the original on 19 October 2018 1819: 1553: 1498:social determinants of mental health 1350:), population at risk of hunger and 1284:Food recovered by food waste critic 609:Collectivization in the Soviet Union 399:Recent editions of the SOFI report ( 279:) collaborate every year to produce 10554:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement 10058:Multiple Deprivation 2000 (IMD2000) 10005:Social responsibility organizations 9048: 8256: 7950:from the original on 13 August 2020 7937: 7758: 7605:from the original on 30 August 2022 7310:Lipscombe-Southwell, Alice (2021). 6911:from the original on 4 October 2018 6228:Annual Review of Resource Economics 5905:. Rome: FAO. 2023. pp. 15–16. 5845:McVeigh, Karen (10 February 2022). 5720: 5413:from the original on 9 January 2022 4552: 4500:from the original on 2 January 2023 4165:from the original on 3 January 2021 3966:from the original on 3 January 2020 3665:from the original on 4 January 2023 3562:from the original on 4 January 2023 2947:from the original on 2 October 2018 2934: 2806:from the original on 26 August 2010 2698: 2420: 2153:Food insecurity is recognized as a 1171: 847: 631:, and the blockade of Japan during 352:in 2010–12 (by region, in millions) 24: 11183:Environmental full-cost accounting 10675: 10117:Information graphics about poverty 8839:Devereux, Stephen (1 April 2016). 7832:Morales, Alfonso (February 2011). 7746:from the original on 16 April 2021 6430:. 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(2011). 7979:from the original on 8 March 2022 7427:American Journal of Public Health 6183:"Climate Change and Food Systems" 5769:from the original on 6 March 2015 5594:from the original on 21 June 2019 5043:from the original on 6 March 2022 4852: 4811:Swanson, Ana (24 February 2022). 4728:from the original on 10 June 2022 3197:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.10.065 2714:Food and Agriculture Organization 2589: 2161:economic factors such as income. 1576:Food and Agriculture Organization 1308: 1219: 1041:Food and Agriculture Organization 830: 661:Food and Agriculture Organization 409:The State of Food and Agriculture 313:Household Dietary Diversity Scale 11869: 11857: 11629: 11618: 11617: 11587:UN Millennium Declaration (2000) 10630: 10629: 10617: 10494:Population concern organizations 10200:Projections of population growth 9972:Gender-related Development Index 9360: 9338: 9316: 9294: 9272: 9250: 9228: 9206: 9184: 9162: 9140: 9073: 9042: 9002: 8943: 8894: 8871: 8832: 8802: 8772: 8760:from the original on 6 July 2008 8726: 8699: 8669: 8643: 8631:from the original on 18 May 2022 8613: 8583: 8516: 8475: 8418: 8388: 8357: 8318: 8200: 8149: 8134: 8122:from the original on 7 June 2020 8089: 7991: 7972:"China's Focus on Food Security" 7962: 7931: 7825: 7782: 7730:Australasian Agribusiness Review 7699: 7630:Child Family Community Australia 7617: 7570:from the original on 12 May 2022 7552: 7540:from the original on 9 June 2022 7522: 7471: 7414: 7334: 7303: 7273: 7246: 7219: 7188: 7158: 7140: 7099:Water for food, Water for life: 7091: 7072: 7036: 7006: 6980: 6889: 6817: 6777: 6737: 6711: 6687:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.018 6662: 6611: 6592: 6509: 6452: 6389: 6359: 6299: 6135: 6061: 6022: 6005: 5939: 5818:Gilbert, Helen (18 April 2019). 5444:from the original on 10 May 2019 5330:from the original on 25 May 2022 4971:Bavier, Joe (30 November 2022). 4922:from the original on 24 May 2022 4865:from the original on 17 May 2022 4792:from the original on 4 June 2022 4758:from the original on 9 June 2022 4595:Environmental Science and Policy 4442:Review of Agricultural Economics 3851: 2967:Women: The key to food security. 2360:from the original on 15 May 2012 2097: 2039:This section is an excerpt from 1334:This section is an excerpt from 861:World food crises (2022–present) 859:This section is an excerpt from 254:Food Insecurity Experience Scale 11173:Corporate social responsibility 11102:Ocean thermal energy conversion 11041:Community-supported agriculture 10726:Human impact on the environment 10595:Human impact on the environment 10529:Population Action International 9012:. Rome: FAO. 2020. p. 31. 8907:Agriculture & Food Security 8780:"Social Determinants of Health" 7252: 7225: 7128:from the original on 8 May 2013 7044:"World Summit on Food Security" 6465:Nature Reviews. Disease Primers 6461:"Severe childhood malnutrition" 5871: 5838: 5811: 5781: 5749: 5689: 5638: 5606: 5580: 5550: 5456: 5425: 5395: 5342: 5312: 5273: 5220: 5135: 5115: 5085: 4995: 4964: 4892:from the original on 5 May 2022 4804: 4678: 4621: 4586: 4476: 4401: 4354: 4209: 4203: 4177: 4150: 4075: 4059: 3996: 3978: 3941: 3914: 3878: 3845: 3820: 3574: 3514: 3489: 3457: 3430: 3395: 3346: 3311: 3279: 3244: 3215: 3164: 3057: 3050:10.1590/s1415-52732008000500003 3024: 2979: 2959: 2825:Patel, Raj (20 November 2013). 2818: 2790: 2637:Asia-Pacific Population Journal 2115:about food insecurity in the US 2085: 1982:Calling food waste "shameful", 1755:of global food security at the 1695:(IWMI), managing rainwater and 1257:overexploitation of fish stocks 1048:Pandemics and disease outbreaks 679: 568:cut off India's main supply of 469:Vulnerable groups most affected 444:Latin America and the Caribbean 11413:Socially responsible marketing 10544:United Nations Population Fund 10159: 10046:National (general deprivation) 9905:Physical Quality of Life Index 9899:Multidimensional Poverty Index 9181:, 24, FAO, FAO. 8529:World Development Perspectives 8431:Journal of Affective Disorders 8364:Chang Ai-Lien (8 March 2019). 7841:Journal of Planning Literature 7685:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.12.005 6718:Dolan, Eric W. 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A 2012 study in the 484:U.S. Department of Agriculture 296:Prevalence of undernourishment 232: 13: 1: 11604:Sustainable Development Goals 11408:Socially responsible business 9933:Progress out of Poverty Index 9860:Disability-adjusted life year 9829:Social determinants of health 8857:10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.03.009 8501:10.1080/0376835X.2022.2062299 5614:"Chapter 4: Land Degradation" 5283:Green Energy: An A-to-Z Guide 4649:10.1080/09614524.2017.1285271 4003:Spieldoch, Alexandra (2011). 3451:10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.02.004 2877:Ecker and Breisinger (2012). 2300: 2245:Sustainable Development Goals 2199:Food security related UN days 1893: 1722:Securing property rights and 1651:World Summit on Food Security 1356:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 704:breeding and management; and 428:Sustainable Development Goals 348:Number of people affected by 332:Prevalence of food insecurity 263:), the World Food Programme ( 162: 9756:Homeless Vulnerability Index 9408:Resources in other libraries 9371:license statement/permission 9349:license statement/permission 9327:license statement/permission 9305:license statement/permission 9283:license statement/permission 9261:license statement/permission 9239:license statement/permission 9217:license statement/permission 9195:license statement/permission 9173:license statement/permission 9151:license statement/permission 8064:10.1371/journal.pone.0085327 7938:Kuo, Lily (13 August 2020). 6675:Journal of Adolescent Health 4615:10.1016/j.envsci.2008.10.006 4524:Garrett, J; Ruel, M (1999). 4484:"The Right to Adequate Food" 3374:10.1016/0306-9192(96)00005-X 2155:social determinant of health 2147:National Academy of Sciences 2054: 2020:Democratic Republic of Congo 2014:Democratic Republic of Congo 1925: 793: 208:rather than the quality and 7: 11433:Sustainability organization 11218:Standards and certification 10809:Social return on investment 10569:World Population Foundation 10559:World Population Conference 10472:World population milestones 10099:Department of Environment's 8708:"Food Security Measurement" 8567:Economic Research Service. 8565:"Food Security in the U.S." 8488:Development Southern Africa 7285:www.copenhagenconsensus.com 5472:(2598): 6–7. 3 April 2007. 4916:Mongabay Environmental News 4491:United Nations Human Rights 4375:10.6084/m9.figshare.5220820 3353:Maxwell, Daniel G. 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A recent comprehensive 843:Causes of food insecurity 811: 727: 528:At the global level, the 151:in childhood can lead to 132:, agricultural diseases, 11912:Food and the environment 11699:Food security by country 11178:Environmental accounting 10927:Sustainable architecture 10917:Environmental technology 10356:Compulsory sterilization 9850:India State Hunger Index 9777:Legatum Prosperity Index 9761:Misery index (economics) 8625:www.wncvitalityindex.org 8591:"USDA ERS – Measurement" 7853:10.1177/0885412210388040 7803:10.1177/0739456X08329471 7665:Journal of Rural Studies 7439:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300865 6371:European Investment Bank 6119:Summary for Policymakers 3124:The Journal of Nutrition 2992:The Journal of Nutrition 2880:The Food Security System 2184: 1970: 1900:Right to food by country 1628:greenhouse gas emissions 651:Pillars of food security 607:of governments, such as 501:Gender and food security 494: 292:Number of undernourished 212:of food. 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In combination with 1359: 1289: 1097: 1085:Fossil fuel dependence 1057: 969: 925: 740: 672: 664: 629:Battle of the Atlantic 573: 562:Bengali famine of 1943 514: 407:FAO's 2021 edition of 369: 361: 353: 341: 319:Household Hunger Scale 242: 227:nutritional deficiency 55: 11486:Humanistic capitalism 11301:Environmental finance 10942:Sustainable packaging 10534:Population Connection 10398:Mere addition paradox 10237:Physiological density 9628:psychological poverty 9586:Social Progress Index 9114:"Goal 2: Zero Hunger" 7360:10.1093/fqsafe/fyy001 7105:Earthscan/IWMI, 2007. 6403:. 30 September 2022. 5824:foodmanufacture.co.uk 5564:. 29 September 2022. 5517:10.3390/foods11142098 5286:. 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Feeding America®. 7566:. 11 November 2021. 6477:10.1038/nrdp.2017.67 5590:. Earth-policy.org. 5069:. 10 February 2023. 5067:World Economic Forum 4948:. 13 February 2022. 4786:Agence France-Presse 3786:. Cairo: FAO. 2023. 2649:10.18356/6ef1e09a-en 2231:United Nations Goals 2219:(UN) recognized the 1992:Clean Plate campaign 1833:, and fungi-derived 1805:Copenhagen Consensus 1789:World Food Programme 1781:World Food Programme 1717:agricultural science 1672:A farmer holding up 1566:is used to increase 1391:and other staples. 1197:include for example 1062:World Food Programme 218:nutritional security 11554:Earth Summit (1992) 11208:Metrics and indices 11061:Sustainable fishery 10980:Holocene extinction 10799:Product stewardship 10769:Earth Overshoot Day 10413:Reproductive rights 10244:Population dynamics 10195:Population momentum 9978:Gender Parity Index 9927:Living Planet Index 9887:Human Poverty Index 9855:Global Hunger Index 9623:Psychological abuse 9495:Diseases of poverty 8919:2017AgFS....6...63Y 8054:2014PLoSO...985327M 7677:2013JRurS..29...30L 7536:. 25 October 2021. 7492:2018JSFA...98..429R 7228:"Mission Statement" 7154:on 26 October 2004. 6904:. Rome: FAO. 2012. 6827:. Rome: FAO. 2021. 6787:. Rome: FAO. 2021. 6747:. Rome: FAO. 2021. 6089:2021ClCh..167...24N 6047:2011DisPM..20..434D 5989:2016ClCh..136..189H 5409:. 20 October 2021. 5369:2008NatGe...1..636E 5257:Eating Fossil Fuels 5099:. 13 October 2020. 4722:The Washington Post 4685:Patel, Raj (2009). 4607:2009ESPol..12..466L 4322:2010Sci...327..812G 4260:(1463): 2139–2148. 4191:on 30 December 2019 4100:1986GeoJo..12....5T 4039:. Rome: FAO. 2023. 3895:The Washington Post 3888:The Washington Post 3739:. Rome: FAO. 2021. 3690:. Rome: FAO. 2021. 3632:. Rome: FAO. 2021. 3334:on 7 September 2012 3299:on 14 February 2020 3267:on 7 September 2012 3189:2018Meas..116..146C 3078:2010Sci...327..825B 3037:Revista de Nutrição 2676:(2004). "chpt. 3". 2295:Theories of famines 2249:Goal 2: Zero Hunger 2194:Society and culture 1975:The persistence of 1799:In April 2012, the 1757:UN General Assembly 1298:food loss and waste 1276:Food loss and waste 533:Indicator (2.2.3). 457:. Regions like the 223:nutrition education 11013:Sustainable energy 10975:Endangered species 10932:Sustainable design 10846:Consumer behaviour 10539:Population Matters 10254:Population pyramid 10232:Population density 10227:Population decline 9866:Global Peace Index 9670:Culture of poverty 9540:Social deprivation 9515:Governance failure 8400:www.aseantoday.com 7601:. 6 October 2015. 7564:Human Rights Watch 7170:www.agri-pulse.com 6994:on 4 February 2011 6605:2022-11-12 at the 5826:. Food Manufacture 5681:has generic name ( 5195:10.1111/ijfs.17106 5129:2023-01-15 at the 4817:The New York Times 4687:"Food sovereignty" 4413:2012-04-26 at the 4108:10.1007/BF00213018 3989:2016-03-05 at the 3130:(5): 1449S–1452S. 2998:(5): 1404S–1408S. 2972:2023-01-15 at the 2778:on 4 November 2013 2613:on 21 October 2013 2290:Subsistence crisis 2117: 1912:Human Rights Watch 1862: 1846:insects are edible 1785: 1685: 1620:Irrigation systems 1600:emergency food aid 1572: 1457: 1399:biochemical cycles 1360: 1290: 1236:Sub-Saharan Africa 1098: 1058: 978:Sub-Saharan Africa 970: 926: 741: 700:, and management; 696:; crop selection, 673: 665: 613:Great Leap Forward 574: 515: 370: 362: 354: 342: 252:has developed the 243: 214:nutrition security 170:as defined by the 56: 11907:Urban agriculture 11845: 11844: 11666: 11665: 11592:Earth Summit 2002 11575:Lisbon Principles 11547:Our Common Future 11225:Sustainable yield 11031:Civic agriculture 10784:Green consumption 10721:Global governance 10643: 10642: 10514:7 Billion Actions 10388:Population ethics 10281:Carrying capacity 10190:Population growth 10127: 10126: 10107: 10106: 9986: 9985: 9911:Laeken indicators 9875: 9874: 9790: 9789: 9782:Poverty gap index 9720:Secondary poverty 9705:Poverty threshold 9695:Human trafficking 9646: 9645: 9594: 9593: 9389:Library resources 9049:Nations, United. 9027:978-92-5-133359-4 8753:978-0-309-09596-9 8738:. Nap.edu. 2005. 8714:on 7 January 2011 8402:. 21 March 2019. 8370:The Straits Times 8112:978-0-393-34415-8 7648:– via CFCA. 7500:10.1002/jsfa.8530 7255:"Food For Assets" 7097:Molden, D. (Ed). 6953:978-92-5-132901-6 6882:978-92-5-134634-1 6842:978-92-5-135331-8 6802:978-92-5-135333-2 6762:978-92-5-135332-5 6624:BMC Public Health 6577:978-92-5-132910-8 6534:978-92-5-132910-8 6437:978-91-513-0305-5 6286:978-1-009-15796-4 5793:New Security Beat 5356:Nature Geoscience 5293:978-1-4129-9677-8 5232:Our World in Data 5007:www.aljazeera.com 4918:. 4 August 2021. 4788:. 14 March 2022. 4579:978-92-5-138262-2 4316:(5967): 812–818. 3801:978-92-5-137438-2 3754:978-92-5-135208-3 3705:978-92-5-134634-1 3647:978-92-5-134325-8 3599:978-92-5-132910-8 3544:978-92-5-132901-6 3072:(5967): 825–828. 2802:. FAO, UN. 2003. 2489:978-92-5-134634-1 2270:Food price crisis 1999:COVID-19 outbreak 1820:Alternative diets 1724:access to finance 1687:According to the 1554:Approaches by FAO 1507:disordered eating 1502:systematic review 1461:Human populations 1187:Intensive farming 1010:COVID-19 pandemic 932:Commodity prices 801:natural disasters 721:Food distribution 714:natural resources 583:and war, but the 518:Gender inequality 416:COVID-19 pandemic 379:income inequality 172:World Food Summit 111:World Food Summit 16:(Redirected from 11924: 11874: 11873: 11862: 11861: 11853: 11693: 11686: 11679: 11670: 11669: 11633: 11632: 11621: 11620: 11565:Agenda 21 (1992) 11536: 11501:Natural resource 11388:Organic movement 11363:Impact investing 11082:Hydroelectricity 11056:Sustainable diet 11008:Renewable energy 11003:Carbon footprint 10985:Invasive species 10922:Natural building 10873:World population 10834:Marketing myopia 10794:Over-consumption 10764:Circular economy 10759:Anti-consumerism 10716:Environmentalism 10670: 10663: 10656: 10647: 10646: 10633: 10632: 10621: 10620: 10590:Green Revolution 10371:Two-child policy 10366:One-child policy 10289: 10249:Population model 10205:World population 10154: 10147: 10140: 10131: 10130: 10032: 10025: 10018: 10009: 10008: 9946: 9945: 9880:Complex measures 9799: 9798: 9766:Gini coefficient 9655: 9654: 9603: 9602: 9545:Social exclusion 9470: 9469: 9447: 9440: 9433: 9424: 9423: 9364: 9342: 9320: 9298: 9276: 9254: 9232: 9210: 9188: 9166: 9144: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9125: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9093: 9086: 9077: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9066: 9046: 9040: 9039: 9018:10.4060/cb1182en 9006: 9000: 8999: 8989: 8971: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8930: 8898: 8892: 8891: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8806: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8795: 8776: 8770: 8769: 8767: 8765: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8710:. Archived from 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8681:www.ers.usda.gov 8673: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8662: 8647: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8636: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8595:www.ers.usda.gov 8587: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8561: 8555: 8554: 8544: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8503: 8479: 8473: 8472: 8462: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8392: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8305: 8265: 8254: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8235: 8229: 8228: 8204: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8193: 8187: 8180: 8162: 8153: 8147: 8146: 8138: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8127: 8121: 8104: 8093: 8087: 8086: 8076: 8066: 8056: 8031: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8017: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7975:. The Diplomat. 7974: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7903:(5): 1071–1086. 7891: 7882: 7881: 7879: 7873:. Archived from 7872: 7838: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7786: 7780: 7779: 7767: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7741: 7721: 7712: 7711: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7656: 7650: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7591: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7458: 7433:(9): 1644–1654. 7418: 7412: 7411: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7362: 7338: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7307: 7301: 7300: 7298: 7296: 7277: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7266: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7241: 7239: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7162: 7156: 7155: 7150:. Archived from 7144: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7133: 7115: 7106: 7095: 7089: 7076: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7059: 7048: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7031: 7029: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6944:10.4060/ca9692en 6930: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6910: 6903: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6873:10.4060/cb5409en 6861: 6855: 6854: 6833:10.4060/cb7661en 6821: 6815: 6814: 6793:10.4060/cb7663en 6781: 6775: 6774: 6753:10.4060/cb7662en 6741: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6698: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6649: 6639: 6615: 6609: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6568:10.4060/ca9699en 6556: 6547: 6546: 6525:10.4060/ca9699en 6513: 6507: 6506: 6496: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6332: 6323: 6322: 6312: 6303: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6278: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6202: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6161: 6148: 6139: 6133: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6074: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6026: 6020: 6009: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5911:10.4060/cc3657en 5897: 5888: 5887: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5795:. 8 April 2019. 5785: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5768: 5761: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5733:. Archived from 5727: 5718: 5717: 5693: 5687: 5686: 5680: 5676: 5674: 5666: 5664: 5662: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5625: 5618: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5537: 5519: 5495: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5391:on 23 July 2010. 5387:. Archived from 5346: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5277: 5271: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5207: 5197: 5188:(6): 3652–3666. 5173: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5139: 5133: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5039:. 5 March 2022. 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4968: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4853:Braun, Phillip. 4850: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4665: 4634: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4570:10.4060/cc8166en 4556: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4539: 4532: 4521: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4499: 4488: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4437: 4418: 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4367:IndraStra Global 4358: 4352: 4351: 4333: 4301: 4288: 4287: 4277: 4245: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4218:on 6 August 2004 4214:. Archived from 4207: 4201: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4079: 4073: 4066:Nicholas Tarling 4063: 4057: 4056: 4045:10.4060/cc5060en 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4000: 3994: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3945: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3865: 3858: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3792:10.4060/cc3657en 3778: 3767: 3766: 3745:10.4060/cb7351en 3733: 3718: 3717: 3696:10.4060/cb5409en 3684: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3664: 3638:10.4060/cb4474en 3631: 3621: 3612: 3611: 3590:10.4060/ca9699en 3578: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3561: 3535:10.4060/ca9692en 3528: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3476: 3469: 3461: 3455: 3454: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3382: 3359: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3333: 3326: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3298: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3266: 3259: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3227: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3148:. Archived from 3139: 3115: 3106: 3105: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3020:on 31 July 2013. 3016:. Archived from 3007: 2983: 2977: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2932: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2892: 2885: 2874: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2830: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2777: 2770: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2670: 2661: 2660: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2612: 2606:. Archived from 2605: 2599:Ayalew, Melaku. 2596: 2587: 2586: 2575: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2548: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2526: 2515: 2507: 2494: 2493: 2480:10.4060/cb5409en 2468: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2436: 2429: 2418: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2398: 2387: 2379: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2346: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2313: 2247:. In particular 2169:In 2022, 28% of 1524:agrifood systems 1379:. In areas with 1305:geographically. 1286:Robin Greenfield 1210:soil degradation 1206:Green Revolution 1195:land degradation 1178:Land degradation 1172:Land degradation 1102:Green Revolution 1094:World population 963: 954: 945: 936: 919: 910: 901: 892: 883: 877:Food Price Index 874: 848:High food prices 825:Food sovereignty 438:, 57 million in 350:undernourishment 130:land degradation 118:high food prices 21: 11932: 11931: 11927: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11922: 11921: 11882: 11881: 11880: 11868: 11856: 11848: 11846: 11841: 11700: 11697: 11667: 11662: 11609: 11534: 11526: 11525:Agreements and 11520: 11457: 11261:Climate finance 11229: 11156: 11112:Reclaimed water 11065: 11017: 10989: 10946: 10900: 10886:Family planning 10867: 10740: 10697: 10679: 10674: 10644: 10639: 10609: 10573: 10507: 10505: 10498: 10450: 10429: 10378:Overconsumption 10361:Family planning 10318: 10312: 10285: 10269: 10266: 10258: 10220: 10217: 10209: 10163: 10158: 10128: 10123: 10109: 10108: 10103: 10082: 10041: 10036: 9982: 9960: 9937: 9871: 9838: 9824:Sex trafficking 9814:Food insecurity 9786: 9739: 9715:Precarious work 9685:Extreme poverty 9642: 9590: 9574: 9461: 9451: 9414: 9413: 9412: 9397: 9396: 9392: 9385: 9138: 9133: 9123: 9121: 9112: 9111: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9091: 9084: 9078: 9074: 9064: 9062: 9047: 9043: 9028: 9008: 9007: 9003: 8948: 8944: 8899: 8895: 8876: 8872: 8837: 8833: 8823: 8821: 8814:Hunger + Health 8808: 8807: 8803: 8793: 8791: 8778: 8777: 8773: 8763: 8761: 8754: 8732: 8731: 8727: 8717: 8715: 8706: 8704: 8700: 8690: 8688: 8675: 8674: 8670: 8660: 8658: 8649: 8648: 8644: 8634: 8632: 8619: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8589: 8588: 8584: 8574: 8572: 8563: 8562: 8558: 8521: 8517: 8480: 8476: 8423: 8419: 8409: 8407: 8394: 8393: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8362: 8358: 8323: 8319: 8266: 8257: 8247: 8245: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8205: 8201: 8191: 8189: 8185: 8160: 8154: 8150: 8139: 8135: 8125: 8123: 8119: 8113: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8032: 8025: 8015: 8013: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7967: 7963: 7953: 7951: 7936: 7932: 7892: 7885: 7877: 7836: 7830: 7826: 7787: 7783: 7768: 7759: 7749: 7747: 7722: 7715: 7704: 7700: 7657: 7653: 7643: 7641: 7622: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7593: 7592: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7558: 7557: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7476: 7472: 7419: 7415: 7388:World Nutrition 7380: 7376: 7339: 7335: 7325: 7323: 7308: 7304: 7294: 7292: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7264: 7262: 7251: 7247: 7237: 7235: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7201:The White House 7193: 7189: 7179: 7177: 7164: 7163: 7159: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7131: 7129: 7116: 7109: 7096: 7092: 7087:Wayback Machine 7077: 7073: 7063: 7061: 7057: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7027: 7025: 7012: 7011: 7007: 6997: 6995: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6971: 6969: 6954: 6932: 6931: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6908: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6843: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6803: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6763: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6728: 6726: 6716: 6712: 6667: 6663: 6616: 6612: 6607:Wayback Machine 6597: 6593: 6578: 6558: 6557: 6550: 6535: 6515: 6514: 6510: 6457: 6453: 6438: 6424: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6395: 6394: 6390: 6380: 6378: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6350: 6348: 6335:Bayram, Seyma. 6333: 6326: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6259: 6255: 6220: 6216: 6179: 6175: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6155:. p. 442. 6146: 6140: 6136: 6116: 6112: 6077:Climatic Change 6072: 6066: 6062: 6027: 6023: 6010: 6006: 5977:Climatic Change 5969: 5965: 5955: 5953: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5921: 5899: 5898: 5891: 5876: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5843: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5816: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5759: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5740: 5738: 5737:on 1 April 2016 5729: 5728: 5721: 5694: 5690: 5678: 5677: 5668: 5667: 5660: 5658: 5643: 5639: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5597: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5571: 5569: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5496: 5489: 5479: 5477: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5401: 5400: 5396: 5377:10.1038/ngeo325 5363:(10): 636–639. 5347: 5343: 5333: 5331: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5294: 5278: 5274: 5269:Wayback Machine 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5174: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5140: 5136: 5131:Wayback Machine 5120: 5116: 5106: 5104: 5091: 5090: 5086: 5076: 5074: 5061: 5060: 5056: 5046: 5044: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5001: 5000: 4996: 4986: 4984: 4969: 4965: 4955: 4953: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4851: 4844: 4834: 4832: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4776: 4775: 4771: 4761: 4759: 4754:. 20 May 2022. 4746: 4745: 4741: 4731: 4729: 4714: 4710: 4683: 4679: 4669: 4667: 4663: 4632: 4626: 4622: 4591: 4587: 4580: 4558: 4557: 4553: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4522: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4454:10.2307/1349892 4438: 4421: 4415:Wayback Machine 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4359: 4355: 4302: 4291: 4246: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4212:"Food Security" 4208: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4080: 4076: 4064: 4060: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4001: 3997: 3991:Wayback Machine 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3946: 3942: 3931: 3929: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3905: 3903: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3802: 3780: 3779: 3770: 3755: 3735: 3734: 3721: 3706: 3686: 3685: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3648: 3629: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3600: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3545: 3526: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3505: 3503: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3435: 3431: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3357: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3284: 3280: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3206: 3204: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3152:on 31 July 2013 3116: 3109: 3062: 3058: 3029: 3025: 2984: 2980: 2974:Wayback Machine 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2933: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2875: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2834:Financial Times 2823: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2775: 2768: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2735:"Food Security" 2733: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2692: 2671: 2664: 2633: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2603: 2597: 2590: 2577: 2576: 2572: 2562: 2560: 2549: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2513: 2509: 2508: 2497: 2490: 2470: 2469: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2419: 2412: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2350:"Food Security" 2348: 2347: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2315: 2314: 2307: 2303: 2261: 2233: 2213: 2201: 2196: 2187: 2167: 2106: 2100: 2088: 2063: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2036: 2016: 1990:, launched the 1973: 1944: 1928: 1907: 1902: 1896: 1880: 1874: 1844:Many different 1822: 1749: 1743: 1666: 1564:manure spreader 1556: 1520: 1515: 1494: 1449: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1393:In many areas, 1385:desertification 1377:no-till farming 1365: 1339: 1311: 1278: 1253: 1232: 1222: 1184: 1182:Desertification 1174: 1169: 1156: 1136: 1087: 1050: 1045: 1044: 968: 961: 959: 952: 950: 943: 941: 934: 924: 917: 915: 908: 906: 899: 897: 890: 888: 881: 879: 872: 864: 856: 850: 845: 833: 814: 796: 772: 730: 694:soil management 686:Food production 682: 653: 589:economic policy 587:were caused by 555: 553:List of famines 549: 503: 497: 476: 471: 455:extreme weather 334: 235: 179:Food insecurity 165: 91:Food insecurity 47:at a market in 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11930: 11920: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11879: 11878: 11866: 11843: 11842: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11823:United Kingdom 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11725: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11702: 11701: 11696: 11695: 11688: 11681: 11673: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11660: 11653: 11646: 11639: 11627: 11614: 11611: 11610: 11608: 11607: 11601: 11600:(Rio+20, 2012) 11595: 11589: 11584: 11578: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11556: 11551: 11543: 11538: 11530: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11467: 11465: 11459: 11458: 11456: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11354: 11353: 11348: 11346:Infrastructure 11343: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11276:Eco-capitalism 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11237: 11235: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11227: 11222: 11221: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11193:Sustainability 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11164: 11162: 11161:Accountability 11158: 11157: 11155: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11089: 11084: 11079: 11073: 11071: 11067: 11066: 11064: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11027: 11025: 11019: 11018: 11016: 11015: 11010: 11005: 10999: 10997: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10956: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10945: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10908: 10906: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10877: 10875: 10869: 10868: 10866: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10854: 10853: 10848: 10838: 10837: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10819:Sustainability 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10754:Anthropization 10750: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10707: 10705: 10699: 10698: 10696: 10695: 10690: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10677:Sustainability 10673: 10672: 10665: 10658: 10650: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10637: 10627: 10614: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10605:Sustainability 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10581: 10579: 10578:Related topics 10575: 10574: 10572: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10510: 10508: 10503: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10491: 10490: 10489: 10484: 10479: 10469: 10467:Largest cities 10464: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10443: 10437: 10435: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10416: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10374: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10348: 10347: 10346: 10336: 10328: 10322: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10287:I = P × A × T 10283: 10278: 10272: 10270: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10240: 10239: 10229: 10223: 10221: 10214: 10211: 10210: 10208: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10171: 10169: 10165: 10164: 10157: 10156: 10149: 10142: 10134: 10125: 10124: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10101: 10096: 10090: 10088: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10049: 10047: 10043: 10042: 10035: 10034: 10027: 10020: 10012: 9994: 9992: 9988: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9980: 9975: 9968: 9966: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9958: 9952: 9950: 9943: 9939: 9938: 9936: 9935: 9930: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9908: 9902: 9896: 9890: 9883: 9881: 9877: 9876: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9869: 9863: 9857: 9852: 9846: 9844: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9819:Physical abuse 9816: 9811: 9805: 9803: 9796: 9792: 9791: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9747: 9745: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9737: 9735:Water scarcity 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9700:Income deficit 9697: 9692: 9690:Housing stress 9687: 9682: 9680:Energy poverty 9677: 9672: 9667: 9661: 9659: 9652: 9648: 9647: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9609: 9607: 9600: 9596: 9595: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9588: 9582: 9580: 9576: 9575: 9573: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9525:Mental illness 9522: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9476: 9474: 9467: 9463: 9462: 9450: 9449: 9442: 9435: 9427: 9421: 9420: 9411: 9410: 9405: 9399: 9398: 9387: 9386: 9384: 9383:External links 9381: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9105: 9072: 9055:United Nations 9041: 9026: 9001: 8942: 8893: 8870: 8831: 8801: 8784:Healthy People 8771: 8752: 8744:10.17226/11227 8725: 8698: 8668: 8642: 8612: 8582: 8556: 8515: 8494:(5): 722–737. 8474: 8437:(2): 460–465. 8417: 8387: 8356: 8337:(1): 391–410. 8317: 8255: 8230: 8199: 8171:(2): 196–203. 8148: 8133: 8111: 8088: 8023: 7990: 7961: 7930: 7883: 7824: 7797:(4): 426–440. 7781: 7757: 7713: 7698: 7651: 7616: 7599:www.abs.gov.au 7581: 7551: 7521: 7486:(2): 429–438. 7470: 7413: 7394:(4): 176–189. 7374: 7333: 7302: 7272: 7245: 7218: 7187: 7157: 7139: 7107: 7090: 7071: 7035: 7005: 6979: 6952: 6922: 6888: 6881: 6856: 6841: 6816: 6801: 6776: 6761: 6736: 6710: 6681:(3): 545–555. 6661: 6610: 6591: 6576: 6548: 6533: 6508: 6451: 6436: 6418: 6388: 6358: 6324: 6298: 6285: 6253: 6234:(1): 361–380. 6214: 6193:(1): 195–222. 6173: 6134: 6110: 6060: 6041:(4): 434–446. 6021: 6004: 5983:(2): 189–202. 5963: 5938: 5919: 5889: 5870: 5837: 5810: 5780: 5748: 5719: 5688: 5637: 5605: 5579: 5549: 5487: 5455: 5424: 5394: 5341: 5326:. 6 May 2022. 5311: 5292: 5272: 5261:EnergyBulletin 5249: 5219: 5165: 5134: 5114: 5097:Deutsche Welle 5084: 5054: 5024: 4994: 4963: 4933: 4903: 4876: 4842: 4803: 4769: 4739: 4708: 4697:(3): 663–706. 4677: 4643:(2): 220–233. 4620: 4585: 4578: 4551: 4511: 4475: 4448:(2): 473–488. 4419: 4400: 4353: 4289: 4229: 4202: 4176: 4149: 4074: 4058: 4026: 3995: 3977: 3940: 3913: 3877: 3844: 3819: 3800: 3768: 3753: 3719: 3704: 3676: 3646: 3613: 3598: 3573: 3543: 3513: 3488: 3456: 3445:(6): 533–540. 3429: 3410:(9): 795–804. 3394: 3368:(3): 291–303. 3345: 3310: 3278: 3243: 3232:. January 2023 3230:United Nations 3214: 3163: 3107: 3056: 3023: 2978: 2958: 2904: 2852: 2817: 2789: 2756: 2726: 2697: 2691:978-0521004886 2690: 2662: 2624: 2588: 2570: 2538: 2520:: 7–11. 2020. 2495: 2488: 2448: 2410: 2371: 2334: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2260: 2257: 2232: 2229: 2217:United Nations 2212: 2209: 2205:World Food Day 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2166: 2163: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2099: 2096: 2087: 2084: 2056: 2053: 2045: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2015: 2012: 1972: 1969: 1943: 1940: 1927: 1924: 1906: 1903: 1895: 1892: 1876:Main article: 1873: 1870: 1866:edible insects 1821: 1818: 1745:Main article: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1726: 1720: 1665: 1662: 1580:infrastructure 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1493: 1490: 1448: 1445: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1363: 1340: 1332: 1315:climate change 1310: 1309:Climate change 1307: 1296:asserted that 1277: 1274: 1268:industries in 1252: 1249: 1240:water-stressed 1230:water security 1226:Water scarcity 1221: 1220:Water scarcity 1218: 1191:soil fertility 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1155: 1152: 1135: 1132: 1086: 1083: 1074:Ebola outbreak 1049: 1046: 960: 951: 942: 933: 916: 907: 898: 889: 880: 871: 865: 857: 849: 846: 844: 841: 836:Sustainability 832: 831:Sustainability 829: 813: 810: 795: 792: 771: 768: 729: 726: 690:land ownership 681: 678: 652: 649: 548: 545: 499:Main article: 496: 493: 475: 472: 470: 467: 333: 330: 329: 328: 322: 316: 310: 294:(NoU) and the 234: 231: 168:Food security, 164: 161: 153:stunted growth 126:water scarcity 122:climate change 103:sustainability 43:Women selling 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11929: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11892:Food security 11890: 11889: 11887: 11877: 11872: 11867: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11854: 11851: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11828:United States 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11703: 11694: 11689: 11687: 11682: 11680: 11675: 11674: 11671: 11659: 11658: 11654: 11652: 11651: 11647: 11645: 11644: 11640: 11638: 11637: 11628: 11626: 11625: 11616: 11615: 11612: 11605: 11602: 11599: 11596: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11582: 11581:Earth Charter 11579: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11548: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11532: 11531: 11529: 11523: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11471:Environmental 11469: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11460: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11403:Refurbishment 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11393:Organizations 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11338: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11306:Green economy 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11291:Eco-socialism 11289: 11287: 11286:Eco-investing 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11271:Disinvestment 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11238: 11236: 11232: 11226: 11223: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11195: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11159: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11092:Marine energy 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11078: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11068: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11046:Cultured meat 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11020: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10953: 10949: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10903: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10874: 10870: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10843: 10842: 10839: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10821: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10804:Simple living 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10743: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10700: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10682: 10678: 10671: 10666: 10664: 10659: 10657: 10652: 10651: 10648: 10636: 10628: 10626: 10625: 10616: 10615: 10612: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10585:Bennett's law 10583: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10506:organizations 10501: 10495: 10492: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10474: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10453: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10432: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10390: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10352: 10349: 10345: 10342: 10341: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10321: 10315: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10293:Kaya identity 10291: 10288: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10261: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10238: 10235: 10234: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10212: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10166: 10162: 10155: 10150: 10148: 10143: 10141: 10136: 10135: 10132: 10122: 10118: 10112: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10085: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10033: 10028: 10026: 10021: 10019: 10014: 10013: 10010: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9993: 9989: 9979: 9976: 9973: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9963: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9951: 9947: 9944: 9940: 9934: 9931: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9912: 9909: 9906: 9903: 9900: 9897: 9894: 9891: 9888: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9878: 9867: 9864: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9841: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9797: 9793: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9742: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9665:Asset poverty 9663: 9662: 9660: 9656: 9653: 9649: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9604: 9601: 9599:Psychological 9597: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9581: 9577: 9571: 9570:Vulnerability 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9550:Social stigma 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9490:Disadvantaged 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9471: 9468: 9464: 9459: 9455: 9448: 9443: 9441: 9436: 9434: 9429: 9428: 9425: 9419: 9416: 9415: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9395: 9394:Food security 9390: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9372: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9356: 9355: 9350: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9312: 9311: 9306: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9290: 9289: 9284: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9262: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9246: 9245: 9240: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9224: 9223: 9218: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9202: 9201: 9196: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9158: 9157: 9152: 9148: 9143: 9119: 9115: 9109: 9090: 9083: 9076: 9060: 9056: 9052: 9045: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9011: 9005: 8997: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8979: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8946: 8938: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8897: 8890:(1): 394–404. 8889: 8885: 8881: 8874: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8835: 8819: 8815: 8811: 8805: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8775: 8759: 8755: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8736: 8729: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8656: 8652: 8646: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8586: 8570: 8566: 8560: 8552: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8519: 8511: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8478: 8470: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8428: 8421: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8391: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8360: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8328: 8321: 8313: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8244: 8240: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8203: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8159: 8152: 8144: 8137: 8118: 8114: 8108: 8101: 8100: 8092: 8084: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8047:(1): e85327. 8046: 8042: 8038: 8030: 8028: 8012: 8008: 8004: 8003:The Economist 8000: 7994: 7978: 7973: 7965: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7934: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7897:Food Security 7890: 7888: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7835: 7828: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7785: 7777: 7773: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7732:. Volume 14. 7731: 7727: 7720: 7718: 7709: 7702: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7655: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7627: 7620: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7474: 7466: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7306: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7260: 7256: 7249: 7233: 7229: 7222: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7191: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7153: 7149: 7143: 7127: 7123: 7122: 7114: 7112: 7104: 7102: 7094: 7088: 7084: 7081: 7075: 7056: 7052: 7045: 7039: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7009: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6959: 6955: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6936: 6929: 6927: 6907: 6900: 6899: 6892: 6884: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6860: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6820: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6758: 6754: 6750: 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5825: 5821: 5814: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5765: 5758: 5752: 5736: 5732: 5726: 5724: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5692: 5684: 5672: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5641: 5622: 5615: 5609: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5494: 5492: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5469:New Scientist 5465: 5459: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5428: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5345: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5276: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5172: 5170: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5132: 5128: 5125: 5118: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4998: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4967: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4891: 4887: 4880: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4847: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4743: 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3807: 3803: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3683: 3681: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3628: 3627: 3620: 3618: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3524: 3517: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3473: 3466: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3404:Public Health 3398: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3349: 3330: 3323: 3322: 3314: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3282: 3263: 3256: 3255: 3247: 3231: 3224: 3218: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3114: 3112: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3060: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3027: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2982: 2975: 2971: 2968: 2962: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2889: 2882: 2881: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2829: 2821: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2693: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2667: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2609: 2602: 2595: 2593: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2558: 2554: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2523: 2519: 2512: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2491: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2433: 2426: 2425: 2417: 2415: 2395: 2391: 2384: 2378: 2376: 2359: 2356:. June 2006. 2355: 2351: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2322: 2318: 2312: 2310: 2305: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2275:Food vs. fuel 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2221:Right to Food 2218: 2208: 2206: 2191: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2162: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2098:United States 2095: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2062: 2048: 2042: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2021: 2011: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1978: 1968: 1965: 1964:micronutrient 1960: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1901: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1734: 1731: 1730:human capital 1727: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1698: 1697:soil moisture 1694: 1690: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1661: 1659: 1658:African Union 1654: 1652: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1510: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1489: 1485: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1453: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1430: 1425: 1408: 1407:ocean biomass 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1368:transpiration 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1337: 1331: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1282: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1231: 1227: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1200: 1199:deforestation 1196: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1164: 1161: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1131: 1129: 1128:Haber process 1125: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1095: 1091: 1082: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1054: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 967: 958: 949: 940: 930: 923: 914: 905: 896: 887: 878: 869: 862: 855: 840: 837: 828: 826: 822: 818: 809: 807: 806:Seasonal food 802: 791: 789: 785: 780: 778: 767: 764: 762: 756: 754: 750: 746: 738: 734: 725: 722: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 677: 669: 662: 657: 648: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 605: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 571: 567: 563: 559: 554: 544: 541: 537: 534: 531: 526: 524: 519: 512: 507: 502: 492: 489: 485: 479: 466: 464: 460: 456: 450: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 412: 410: 405: 402: 397: 393: 391: 386: 382: 380: 376: 366: 358: 351: 346: 338: 326: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 304: 303: 299: 297: 293: 288: 287:until 2015). 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 239: 230: 228: 224: 219: 215: 211: 207: 202: 198: 195: 194:food security 191: 186: 184: 180: 176: 173: 169: 160: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 137: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 114: 112: 108: 107:right to food 104: 100: 94: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 59:Food security 54: 50: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 11733:Burkina Faso 11655: 11648: 11641: 11634: 11622: 11546: 11311:Construction 11234:Applications 10952:Biodiversity 10711:Anthropocene 10622: 10434:Publications 10393:Antinatalism 10331: 10308:World3 model 10168:Major topics 9995:Categories: 9813: 9730:Survival sex 9675:Debt bondage 9393: 9375: 9367:free content 9359: 9353: 9345:free content 9337: 9331: 9323:free content 9315: 9309: 9301:free content 9293: 9287: 9279:free content 9271: 9265: 9257:free content 9249: 9243: 9235:free content 9227: 9221: 9213:free content 9205: 9203:, FAO. 9199: 9191:free content 9183: 9177: 9169:free content 9161: 9155: 9147:free content 9139: 9122:. 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