990:
1208:
179:
assessment at that point of progress or lack thereof. Progress has been limited to many objectives, leading to concerns about the effectiveness of
Healthy People in shaping outcomes in the context of a decentralized and uncoordinated US health system. Healthy People 2020 gives more prominence to health promotion and preventive approaches and adds a substantive focus on the importance of addressing social determinants of health. A new expanded digital interface facilitates use and dissemination rather than bulky printed books as produced in the past. The impact of these changes to Healthy People will be determined in the coming years.
740:
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162:
not as a state, but in dynamic terms of resiliency, in other words, as "a resource for living". In 1984, WHO revised the definition of health defined it as "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities." Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain
748:
1167:
346:
1569:
991:
993:
841:. The CDC states that physical exercise can reduce the risks of heart disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, depression, and anxiety. For the purpose of counteracting possible risks, it is often recommended to start physical exercise gradually as one goes. Participating in any exercising, whether it is housework, yardwork, walking or standing up when talking on the phone, is often thought to be better than none when it comes to health.
1395:
994:
158:, in terms of "physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". Although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized for being vague and excessively broad and was not construed as measurable. For a long time, it was set aside as an impractical ideal, with most discussions of health returning to the practicality of the biomedical model.
4244:
1406:
Public health has been described as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals." It is concerned with threats to the overall health of a
1177:
Transparency of information is another factor defining a delivery system. Access to information on conditions, treatments, quality, and pricing greatly affects the choice by patients/consumers and, therefore, the incentives of medical professionals. While the US healthcare system has come under fire
629:
Although the majority of these health issues are preventable, a major contributor to global ill health is the fact that approximately 1 billion people lack access to health care systems. Arguably, the most common and harmful health issue is that a great many people do not have access to quality
210:
In the first decade of the 21st century, the conceptualization of health as an ability opened the door for self-assessments to become the main indicators to judge the performance of efforts aimed at improving human health. It also created the opportunity for every person to feel healthy, even in the
206:
interventions and a person's surroundings, a number of other factors are known to influence the health status of individuals. These are referred to as the "determinants of health", which include the individual's background, lifestyle, economic status, social conditions and spirituality; Studies have
161:
Just as there was a shift from viewing disease as a state to thinking of it as a process, the same shift happened in definitions of health. Again, the WHO played a leading role when it fostered the development of the health promotion movement in the 1980s. This brought in a new conception of health,
656:
Mental illness is described as 'the spectrum of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral conditions that interfere with social and emotional well-being and the lives and productivity of people. Having a mental illness can seriously impair, temporarily or permanently, the mental functioning of a person.
178:
Program has been a visible component of the United States' approach to improving population health. In each decade, a new version of
Healthy People is issued, featuring updated goals and identifying topic areas and quantifiable objectives for health improvement during the succeeding ten years, with
2869:
World Health
Organization (2005). Promoting Mental Health: Concepts, Emerging evidence, Practice: A report of the World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse in collaboration with the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation and the University of Melbourne. World Health
2492:, pp. 303ā04. "The linear model supported previous findings, including regular exercise, limited alcohol consumption, abstinence from smoking, sleeping 7ā8 hours a night, and maintenance of a healthy weight play an important role in promoting longevity and delaying illness and death." Citing
892:
to humans", speaking to the dangers of long-term nighttime work due to its intrusion on sleep. In 2015, the
National Sleep Foundation released updated recommendations for sleep duration requirements based on age, and concluded that "Individuals who habitually sleep outside the normal range may be
863:
has been linked to an increased risk for some chronic health problems. In addition, sleep deprivation has been shown to correlate with both increased susceptibility to illness and slower recovery times from illness. In one study, people with chronic insufficient sleep, set as six hours of sleep a
1162:
societies provide no guarantee of healthcare for the population as a whole. In such societies, healthcare is available to those that can afford to pay for it or have self-insured it (either directly or as part of an employment contract) or who may be covered by care financed by the government or
523:, linked to lower overall health and well-being. It has been demonstrated that increased time spent in natural environments is associated with improved self-reported health, suggesting that the positive health benefits of natural space in urban neighborhoods should be taken into account in
625:
Lifestyle choices are contributing factors to poor health in many cases. These include smoking cigarettes, and can also include a poor diet, whether it is overeating or an overly constrictive diet. Inactivity can also contribute to health issues and also a lack of sleep, excessive alcohol
992:
772:
is a pyramid-shaped guide of healthy foods divided into sections. Each section shows the recommended intake for each food group (i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrates and sugars). Making healthy food choices can lower one's risk of heart disease and the risk of developing some types of
1155:. This is intended to ensure that the entire population has access to medical care on the basis of need rather than ability to pay. Delivery may be via private medical practices or by state-owned hospitals and clinics, or by charities, most commonly by a combination of all three.
1347:
In low-income countries, modern healthcare is often too expensive for the average person. International healthcare policy researchers have advocated that "user fees" be removed in these areas to ensure access, although even after removal, significant costs and barriers remain.
1267:
in their offices or clinics or at local community hospitals for a patient referred by a primary care provider who first diagnosed or treated the patient. Referrals are made for those patients who required the expertise or procedures performed by specialists. These include both
1178:
for lack of openness, new legislation may encourage greater openness. There is a perceived tension between the need for transparency on the one hand and such issues as patient confidentiality and the possible exploitation of information for commercial gain on the other.
1634:
over age 70, found that frequent volunteering was associated with reduced risk of dying compared with older persons who did not volunteer, regardless of physical health status. Another study from
Singapore reported that volunteering retirees had significantly better
652:
in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community". Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness.
1017:
and health-related issues to understand how humans (and animals) function, and the application of that knowledge to improve health and to prevent and cure diseases and other physical and mental impairments. The science builds on many sub-fields, including
3716:
1127:
and financing frameworks are established by individual governments, augmented on occasion by international organizations, such as churches. The characteristics of any given health care system have significant impact on the way medical care is provided.
2234:
1582:
Personal health depends partially on the active, passive, and assisted cues people observe and adopt about their own health. These include personal actions for preventing or minimizing the effects of a disease, usually a chronic condition, through
233:
In general, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance for both his health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of
372:. Beverage taxes came into light with increasing concerns about obesity, particularly among youth. Sugar-sweetened beverages have become a target of anti-obesity initiatives with increasing evidence of their link to obesity.āsuch as the 1974
607:, especially among children. One of the groups malnutrition affects most is young children. Approximately 7.5 million children under the age of 5 die from malnutrition, usually brought on by not having the money to find or make food.
767:
are consumed in relatively large quantities and include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and fatty acids. Micronutrients ā vitamins and minerals ā are consumed in relatively smaller quantities, but are essential to body processes. The
660:
Approximately twenty percent of all adults in the US are considered diagnosable with a mental disorder. Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States and Canada. Examples of these disorders include
166:
and recover from adverse events. Mental, intellectual, emotional and social health referred to a person's ability to handle stress, to acquire skills, to maintain relationships, all of which form resources for resiliency and
439:
further stated that health is not just a state, but also "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities."
134:. An example of such a definition of health is: "a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with
1527:
The great positive impact of public health programs is widely acknowledged. Due in part to the policies and actions developed through public health, the 20th century registered a decrease in the mortality rates for
78:
causes, such as whether the society is arranged in a way that makes it easier or harder for people to get necessary healthcare services. Still, other factors are beyond both individual and group choices, such as
3708:
2242:
2235:"Creating a Pandemic of Health: Opportunities and Lessons for a University Initiative at the Intersection of Health, Equity, and Innovation | Harvard Public Health Review: A Student Publication"
2038:
Health promotion : a discussion document on the concept and principles : summary report of the
Working Group on Concept and Principles of Health Promotion, Copenhagen, 9ā13 July 1984
1249:, schools, home visits, and other places close to patients. About 90% of medical visits can be treated by the primary care provider. These include treatment of acute and chronic illnesses,
130:
perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body's ability to function; health was seen as a state of normal function that could be disrupted from time to time by
1790:
Many governments view occupational health as a social challenge and have formed public organizations to ensure the health and safety of workers. Examples of these include the
British
1619:, a patient who notices his or her shoes are tighter than usual may be having exacerbation of left-sided heart failure, and may require diuretic medication to reduce fluid overload).
864:
night or less, were found to be four times more likely to catch a cold compared to those who reported sleeping for seven hours or more a night. Due to the role of sleep in regulating
1314:
medical services are provided by specialist hospitals or regional centers equipped with diagnostic and treatment facilities not generally available at local hospitals. These include
759:
to the body. Such nutrients provide the body with energy and keep it running. Nutrients help build and strengthen bones, muscles, and tendons and also regulate body processes (i.e.,
626:
consumption, and neglect of oral hygiene. There are also genetic disorders that are inherited by the person and can vary in how much they affect the person (and when they surface).
360:
An increasing number of studies and reports from different organizations and contexts examine the linkages between health and different factors, including lifestyles, environments,
3190:
Garrido M; GonzĆ”lez-Flores D; Marchena AM; Propr E; GarcĆa-Parra J; Barriga C; RodrĆguez A.B. (2013). "A lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil enhances antioxidant status in humans".
2005:
2979:
2328:
Andreyeva, Tatiana; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Brownell, Kelly D. (2011). "Estimating the potential of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce consumption and generate revenue".
1490:
are examples of common preventive public health measures, as are educational campaigns to promote vaccination and the use of condoms (including overcoming resistance to such).
215:
or a terminal condition, and for the re-examination of determinants of health (away from the traditional approach that focuses on the reduction of the prevalence of diseases).
569:
is one of the most common. According to GlobalIssues.org, approximately 36 million people die each year from non-communicable (i.e., not contagious) diseases, including
1540:
in most parts of the world. For example, it is estimated that life expectancy has increased for
Americans by thirty years since 1900, and worldwide by six years since 1990.
3954:
3525:
3537:
190:. The term "healthy" is also widely used in the context of many types of non-living organizations and their impacts for the benefit of humans, such as in the sense of
1508:. One issue is the access of individuals and communities to health care in terms of financial, geographical or socio-cultural constraints. Applications of the public
1411:
analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a
1611: ā such as about sleep patterns, exercise behavior, nutritional intake and environmental features ā may be used to inform personal decisions and actions (
3656:
2057:
755:
An important way to maintain one's personal health is to have a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods that provide
1097:. Clinical practitioners focus mainly on the health of individuals, while public health practitioners consider the overall health of communities and populations.
1061:
Organized interventions to improve health based on the principles and procedures developed through the health sciences are provided by practitioners trained in
2655:
White, Mathew P.; Alcock, Ian; Grellier, James; Wheeler, Benedict W.; Hartig, Terry; Warber, Sara L.; Depledge, Michael H.; Fleming, Lora E. (13 June 2019).
2494:
Wingard DL, Berkman LF, Brand RJ (1982). "A multivariate analysis of health-related practices: a nine-year mortality follow-up of the
Alameda County Study".
1799:
421:
Lifestyle: the aggregation of personal decisions (i.e., over which the individual has control) that can be said to contribute to, or cause, illness or death;
407:, emerged from the Lalonde report from Canada. The report identified three interdependent fields as key determinants of an individual's health. These are:
1374:
there are centuries of tradition for separating pharmacists from physicians. In Asian countries, it is traditional for physicians to also provide drugs.
1446:
The focus of public health interventions is to prevent and manage diseases, injuries and other health conditions through surveillance of cases and the
2127:
1686:
skills, reduces uncertainty and builds confidence, which also reduces the reaction to stress-causing situations where those skills are applicable.
533:, or inherited traits from parents, also play a role in determining the health status of individuals and populations. This can encompass both the
2068:
Benz, J; Blakey, C; Oppenheimer, C.C; Scherer, H; Robinson, W.T (2013). "The healthy people initiative: Understanding the user's perspective".
1340:
Modern medical care also depends on information ā still delivered in many health care settings on paper records, but increasingly nowadays by
1803:
1135:
today remains the largest non-government provider of medical services in the world. Advanced industrial countries (with the exception of the
1241:, or other health professionals who have first contact with a patient seeking medical treatment or care. These occur in physician offices,
515:
all have been found to contribute to good health, especially to the health of infants and children. Some studies have shown that a lack of
3938:
557:
over the relative strengths of genetics and other factors; interactions between genetics and environment may be of particular importance.
476:
If you want to learn about the health of a population, look at the air they breathe, the water they drink, and the places where they live.
3626:
2013:
1615:, "I feel tired in the morning so I am going to try sleeping on a different pillow"), as well as clinical decisions and treatment plans (
877:
487:
The environment is often cited as an important factor influencing the health status of individuals. This includes characteristics of the
2976:
4376:
3034:"Health, Non-Medical Determinants of Health, Body weight, Overweight or obese population, self-reported and measured, Total population"
1101:
programs are increasingly being adopted by companies for their value in improving the health and well-being of their employees, as are
3109:
1308:
centers, etc. Some primary care providers may also take care of hospitalized patients and deliver babies in a secondary care setting.
1924:
Stokes, J.; Noren, J.; Shindell, S. (1 January 1982). "Definition of terms and concepts applicable to clinical preventive medicine".
1131:
From ancient times, Christian emphasis on practical charity gave rise to the development of systematic nursing and hospitals and the
31:
has a variety of definitions, which have been used for different purposes over time. In general, it refers to physical and emotional
2607:"Recreational Values of the Natural Environment in Relation to Neighborhood Satisfaction, Physical Activity, Obesity and Well being"
893:
exhibiting signs or symptoms of serious health problems or, if done volitionally, may be compromising their health and well-being."
3920:
3417:
2312:
1351:
784:
is commonly associated with health-promoting effects. This is sometimes attributed to the inclusion of bioactive compounds such as
537:
to certain diseases and health conditions, as well as the habits and behaviors individuals develop through the lifestyle of their
4423:
3904:
2964:
3993:
3875:
1630:, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and also increased longevity. One American study among
553:
that contributes to poor mental health and causes stress in the lives of many people. One difficulty is the issue raised by the
253:
More specifically, key factors that have been found to influence whether people are healthy or unhealthy include the following:
3529:
3164:
3686:
2739:
3541:
859:
Sleep is an essential component to maintaining health. In children, sleep is also vital for growth and development. Ongoing
1845:
3648:
3233:
2364:
4408:
4012:"Continued work employment and volunteerism and mental well-being of older adults: Singapore longitudinal ageing studies"
3059:"Health, Non-Medical Determinants of Health, Body weight, Obese population, self-reported and measured, Total population"
435:
411:
Biomedical: all aspects of health, physical and mental, developed within the human body as influenced by genetic make-up.
99:
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
2054:
2882:"Preserving Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Psychopathology: Buffering Effects of Personal Strengths and Resources"
2833:
1042:. Applied health sciences endeavor to better understand and improve human health through applications in areas such as
519:
recreational spaces including natural environment leads to lower levels of personal satisfaction and higher levels of
4276:
2576:
2462:
2113:
1986:
3134:
2845:
1704:
risks, many jobs also present risks of disease, illness and other long-term health problems. Among the most common
471:
can co-exist, as even people with multiple chronic diseases or terminal illnesses can consider themselves healthy.
2780:
4718:
4208:
3498:
3955:"Volunteering is Associated with Delayed Mortality in Older People: Analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Aging"
3310:
Pilkington, Stephanie (7 August 2013). "Causes and consequences of sleep deprivation in hospitalized patients".
2477:
4361:
3934:
3346:
2480:
Adopted at the First
International Conference on Health Promotion, Ottawa, 21 November 1986 ā WHO/HPR/HEP/95.1.
1717:
1695:
682:
1622:
Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong
822:
224:
182:
Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote good health in humans are undertaken by
2128:"A Perspective on the Development of the Healthy People 2020 Framework for Improving U.S. Population Health"
5375:
3444:
1608:
1009:
is the branch of science focused on health. There are two main approaches to health science: the study and
2444:
2804:
1791:
1584:
2142:
715:
knowledge and practices as well as personal strategies and organized interventions for staying healthy.
5225:
4743:
4531:
2284:
1877: ā range of approaches to preventing, detecting or treating young peopleās health risks and issues
3567:
4459:
3418:"IARC Monographs Programme finds cancer hazards associated with shiftwork, painting and firefighting"
3236:. Go4Life, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health. 15 May 2014. Archived from
2531:"On Living a Long, Healthy, and Happy Life, Full of Love, and with no Regrets, until Our Last Breath"
881:
670:
645:
368:, one specific health policy brought into many countries in recent years was the introduction of the
280:
243:
151:
92:
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2939:
1516:
and child health, health services administration, emergency response, and prevention and control of
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5242:
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4418:
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2590:
1455:
1451:
1341:
1148:
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3445:"National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary"
1898:
250:
environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.
4248:
3789:"Impact of separating drug prescribing and dispensing on provider behaviour: Taiwan's experience"
1555:
1415:). Public health has many sub-fields, but typically includes the interdisciplinary categories of
1281:
20:
3740:"Removal of user fees no guarantee of universal health coverage: observations from Burkina Faso"
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3259:
1728:
that many workers are vulnerable to. Workers may also be vulnerable to skin diseases, including
443:
Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from the
5370:
5152:
4890:
4676:
4581:
4299:
2656:
1780:
1749:
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Provision of medical care is classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary care categories.
1102:
1047:
570:
534:
425:
The maintenance and promotion of health is achieved through different combination of physical,
175:
4222:
3606:
62:
and adequate sleep, and by reducing or avoiding unhealthful activities or situations, such as
4825:
4269:
3528:. Institute of Medicine at the National Academies of Science. 14 January 2004. Archived from
2657:"Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing"
1705:
1402:, 1933. Public health has been promoted ā and depicted ā in a wide variety of ways.
1144:
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554:
239:
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2995:
3841:
3199:
2893:
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also takes various actions to limit the health disparities between different areas of the
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2781:"What are the different ways a genetic condition can be inherited?: MedlinePlus Genetics"
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and overall health and wellness. It strengthens one's bones and muscles and improves the
512:
488:
381:
285:
199:
187:
3845:
3421:
3203:
2897:
2672:
2304:
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Achieving and maintaining health is an ongoing process, shaped by both the evolution of
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3985:
3764:
3739:
3472:
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3369:
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2637:
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1957:
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is the application of methods to either reduce stress or increase tolerance to stress.
1517:
1458:. Its aim is to prevent health problems from happening or re-occurring by implementing
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1264:
1238:
1140:
1120:
1098:
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361:
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171:. This opens up many possibilities for health to be taught, strengthened and learned.
5186:
5180:
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4931:
4800:
4641:
4499:
4082:
4068:
4033:
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3857:
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3769:
3618:
3587:
3504:
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3327:
3323:
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2735:
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2085:
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1982:
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in many countries, have further complicated the interaction between work and health.
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1659:
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1563:
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1367:
1331:
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325:
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5109:
3989:
3168:
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2399:
657:
Other terms include: 'mental health problem', 'illness', 'disorder', 'dysfunction'.
610:
Bodily injuries are also a common health issue worldwide. These injuries, including
106:
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4840:
4693:
4393:
4366:
4356:
4262:
4072:
4064:
4023:
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3579:
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2198:
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743:
Percentage of overweight or obese population in 2010. Data source: OECD's iLibrary.
678:
674:
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369:
349:
127:
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3058:
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Another health issue that causes death or contributes to other health problems is
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4304:
2983:
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2006:"Part 1 ā Theory: Thinking About Health Chapter 1 Concepts of Health and Illness"
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1683:
1679:
1623:
1559:
1537:
1521:
1513:
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1301:
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4053:"Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain"
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1678:, which work by reducing response to stress. Improving relevant skills, such as
541:. For example, genetics may play a role in the manner in which people cope with
5066:
4444:
3853:
3460:
3237:
2681:
2605:
Bjƶrk J, Albin M, Grahn P, Jacobsson H, Ardƶ J, Wadbro J, Ostergren PO (2008).
2592:
The UN World Water Development Report: Facts and Figures ā Meeting basic needs.
2036:
1836: ā Study and causes of differences in the quality of health and healthcare
1815:
1772:
1760:
1753:
1709:
1394:
1260:
1006:
980:
764:
760:
460:
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290:
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3420:. International Agency for Research on Cancer. 5 December 2007. Archived from
2879:
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2203:
2186:
1976:
5359:
5251:
4865:
4850:
4830:
4631:
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4227:
3973:
3591:
3508:
2690:
2625:
2391:
2212:
2159:
2089:
1945:
1833:
1824: ā Public health branch focused on environmental impacts on human health
1795:
1768:
1767:, presenting a different array of health problems than those associated with
1640:
1596:
1509:
1493:
1463:
1420:
1389:
1383:
1371:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1136:
1055:
1051:
998:
The Dutch Public Health Service provides medical care for the natives of the
747:
662:
639:
611:
550:
524:
516:
426:
389:
385:
365:
331:
300:
275:
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74:, such as whether to engage in a high-risk behavior, while others are due to
5193:
5117:
4028:
4011:
3805:
3788:
3738:
Laokri S, Weil O, Drabo KM, DembelƩ SM, Kafando B, Dujardin B (April 2013).
3568:"Factors Affecting the Nutritional Health of Tribal Children in Maharashtra"
3189:
2837:
1806:, which handles regulation and policy relating to worker safety and health.
345:
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Health can be promoted by encouraging healthful activities, such as regular
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3403:
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2722:
Kantola, Jussi Ilari; Barath, Tibor; Nazir, Salman; Andre, Terence (2017).
2708:
2633:
2349:
2269:
2220:
2126:
Jonathan, E. Fielding; Shiriki, Kumanyika; Ronald, W. Manderscheid (2013).
2097:
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1666:
are physical methods used to relieve stress. Psychological methods include
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2187:"Creating a pandemic of health: What is the role of digital technologies?"
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1842: ā Natural, artificial, or technological alteration of the human body
618:, can reduce a person's quality of life or can cause fatalities including
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3538:"The Case For Single Payer, Universal Health Care for the United States"
150:". Then, in 1948, in a radical departure from previous definitions, the
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Desirable level of functional or metabolic efficiency of a living being
3607:"Transparency called key to uniting cost control, quality improvement"
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2724:
Advances in Human Factors, Business Management, Training and Education
2547:
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jobs has risen in developed countries, more and more jobs have become
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5012:
5010:
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4591:
4561:
4551:
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4398:
3787:
Chou YJ, Yip WC, Lee CH, Huang N, Sun YP, Chang HJ (September 2003).
1802:, which conducts research on occupational health and safety, and the
1737:
1713:
1636:
1549:
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1355:
1293:
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1230:
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Percentage of obese population in 2010. Data source: OECD's iLibrary.
619:
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692: Many factors contribute to mental health problems, including:
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1871: ā Broad subject that encompasses all facets of women's health
1784:
1675:
1475:
1471:
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1195:
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429:, and social well-beingāa combination sometimes referred to as the
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5200:
3679:"Types of health care providers: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
3443:
Hirshkowitz, Max; Whiton, Kaitlyn; et al. (14 January 2015).
2041:(ICP/HSR 602(m01)5 p). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
5314:
5300:
5233:
5166:
5131:
5059:
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4738:
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4546:
4504:
1853: ā Broad subject that encompasses all facets of men's health
1827:
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1631:
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1588:
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154:(WHO) proposed a definition that aimed higher, linking health to
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The meaning of health has evolved over time. In keeping with the
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2726:. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 498.
1654:
may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in
763:). Water is essential for growth, reproduction and good health.
5282:
5274:
5145:
5124:
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4626:
4285:
4243:
4110:
HSE (Health and Safety Executive of Great Britain) Skin at work
3442:
3347:"New Research Confirms Lack of Sleep Connected to Getting Sick"
2563:"Environment & Health ā Kids Environment Kids Health NIEHS"
2439:
1729:
1701:
1483:
1242:
1212:
1191:
774:
574:
314:
186:. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the
52:
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This article is about the human condition. For other uses, see
4109:
2421:
2365:"The Alameda County Study: A Systematic, Chronological Review"
2035:
World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe (1984).
5159:
5101:
4980:
4972:
4768:
4728:
4566:
4428:
4148:
2965:
Lifestyle Management: Achieving & Maintaining Good Health
2880:
Bos, E.H.; Snippe, E.; de Jonge, P.; Jeronimus, B.F. (2016).
2264:
2262:
2260:
1533:
1505:
1159:
850:
508:
500:
452:
414:
Environmental: all matters related to health external to the
2067:
600:
are the most common, causing millions of deaths every year.
35:, especially that associated with normal functioning of the
5330:
5322:
4780:
4703:
4541:
4149:"The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health"
3526:"Insuring America's Health: Principles and Recommendations"
3370:"Short sleep duration and weight gain: a systematic review"
1658:
with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease.
1474:
can be vital to preventing it in others, such as during an
666:
615:
585:
44:
4254:
3015:
2654:
2327:
2257:
207:
shown that high levels of stress can affect human health.
4900:
4180:
3649:"Primary, Secondary and Tertiary HealthCare ā Arthapedia"
3165:"Healthy Eating: Why should I make healthy food choices?"
2356:
1974:
1607:; and many others. The information gleaned from personal
941:
School-age children (6ā13 years)
589:
504:
246:, the main determinants of health include the social and
4164:
2604:
242:
choices of the individual and society. According to the
4123:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2721:
2363:
Housman, Jeff; Dorman, Steve (SeptemberāOctober 2005).
1108:
584:
Among communicable diseases, both viral and bacterial,
565:
A number of health issues are common around the globe.
418:
and over which the individual has little or no control;
5107:
3737:
4944:
4921:
2125:
1800:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1775:. Contemporary problems, such as the growing rate of
1470:. In many cases, treating a disease or controlling a
1119:
Contemporary medicine is in general conducted within
545:, either mental, emotional or physical. For example,
388:
issues including access to health care and improving
1978:
The first ten years of the World Health Organization
1879:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1591:
practices to prevent infection and illness, such as
1354:
is a practice in medicine and pharmacy in which the
696:
Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry
4009:
2493:
1923:
482:
Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, 5th century BC
447:suggested that people can improve their health via
384:of the World Health Organization, which focuses on
3368:Patel, Sanjay R.; Hu, Frank B. (17 January 2008).
2846:"The Top 10 Global Health Issues to Watch in 2013"
2577:"Environmental Health ā Geological Survey Ireland"
1105:to improve the health and well-being of children.
1865: ā Health outcomes of a group of individuals
1748:. Other occupational diseases of concern include
1718:coal worker's pneumoconiosis (black lung disease)
455:, spending time in nature, maintaining a healthy
5357:
2070:Journal of Public Health Management and Practice
4165:"Occupational Safety and Health Administration"
3786:
238:, but also through the efforts and intelligent
3952:
3192:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
3026:
2977:The numbers count: Mental disorders in America
2614:Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health
2116:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
2064:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
1151:system, or compulsory private or co-operative
1147:that aims to guarantee care for all through a
880:, which is the cancer research agency for the
5336:
5320:
4270:
2489:
2362:
1804:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1143:provide medical services through a system of
868:, insufficient sleep may also play a role in
4151:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4010:Schwingel A, Niti MM, Tang C, Ng TP (2009).
2307:A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians
1830: ā Process of the restoration of health
1454:, and (in aspects relevant to human health)
5272:
5249:
5240:
5231:
3010:
3008:
2598:
2528:
2114:History & Development of Healthy People
1443:are also important areas of public health.
878:International Agency for Research on Cancer
70:. Some factors affecting health are due to
4377:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues
4277:
4263:
3827:
3309:
3264:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2299:
2297:
2295:
1903:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4076:
4050:
4027:
3928:
3903:Association of Schools of Public Health.
3874:Association of Schools of Public Health.
3804:
3763:
3744:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
3393:
3344:
3167:. Livelifewell.nsw.gov.au. Archived from
3051:
2915:
2905:
2698:
2680:
2546:
2311:Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services.
2202:
884:, declared that "shiftwork that involves
702:Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse
3540:. Cthealth.server101.com. Archived from
3005:
2478:The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.
1567:
1466:, administering services and conducting
1393:
1377:
1352:Separation of prescribing and dispensing
1206:
1165:
988:
746:
738:
699:Family history of mental health problems
344:
4424:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths
3604:
3565:
3496:
3367:
3286:"Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle"
2292:
2185:Jadad, Alejandro R. (1 November 2016).
1859: ā Collaborative global initiative
1543:
648:describes mental health as "a state of
5358:
3830:"The Untilled Fields of Public Health"
4258:
3889:Hispanics and the Future of America.
3629:from the original on 17 February 2004
3107:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2184:
3892:Access to and Quality of Health Care
3719:from the original on 17 January 2021
3689:from the original on 23 January 2021
3659:from the original on 28 January 2021
2372:American Journal of Health Education
2000:
1998:
1846:List of health and wellness podcasts
1109:Role of medicine and medical science
825:, there are four types of exercise:
256:
4409:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
2873:
1643:, and better mental well-being and
560:
436:Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
13:
4183:. U.K. Health and Safety Executive
2848:. Intrahealth.org. 15 January 2013
2748:
2508:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113466
1975:World Health Organization (1958).
1603:; storing, preparing and handling
974:
174:Since the late 1970s, the federal
14:
5387:
4202:
1995:
1263:medical services are provided by
1229:medical services are provided by
965:Older Adults (65 years and over)
380:in California; and the series of
4242:
4092:
3324:10.7748/ns2013.08.27.49.35.e7649
2438:Georgia State University. 1998.
2283:Public Health Agency of Canada.
1647:than non-volunteering retirees.
633:
549:is a significant problem in the
4138:
4100:
4044:
4003:
3953:Harris AH, Thoresen CE (2005).
3946:
3913:
3897:
3883:
3868:
3821:
3780:
3731:
3701:
3671:
3641:
3598:
3559:
3515:
3500:A Short History of Christianity
3490:
3436:
3410:
3361:
3338:
3303:
3278:
3252:
3226:
3183:
3157:
3127:
3101:
3076:
2989:
2970:
2957:
2932:
2863:
2823:
2797:
2773:
2715:
2648:
2583:
2569:
2555:
2522:
2483:
2470:
2429:
2414:
2402:. ERIC document number EJ792845
2321:
2277:
2227:
2191:Journal of Public Health Policy
2178:
1899:"Benefits of Physical Activity"
1689:
218:
4362:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
4069:10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.4/bmcewen
3935:Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
3584:10.1080/09735070.2010.11886359
2834:"United Nations Global Issues"
2384:10.1080/19325037.2005.10608200
2152:
2119:
2107:
2055:Federal Prevention Initiatives
2045:
2028:
1968:
1917:
1891:
1696:Occupational safety and health
706:
683:post-traumatic stress disorder
330:Personal health practices and
1:
4181:"Health and Safety Executive"
4117:"Skin Exposure & Effects"
3002:. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
2763:Shah, Anup (5 January 2014).
2289:Ottawa. Accessed 12 May 2011.
2274:Geneva. Accessed 12 May 2011.
2239:harvardpublichealthreview.org
1884:
1587:. They also include personal
1573:
1482:programs and distribution of
1448:promotion of healthy behavior
1257:for all ages and both sexes.
876:. Additionally, in 2007, the
823:National Institutes of Health
271:Employment/working conditions
225:Social determinants of health
5011:
5002:
4979:
4233:Resources in other libraries
3962:Journal of Health Psychology
3566:Sonowal, C.J. (April 2010).
3345:Shilo Rea (31 August 2015).
2907:10.1371/journal.pone.0150867
2082:10.1097/PHH.0b013e318254cc31
1609:observations of daily living
1536:and a continual increase in
1322:treatment centers, advanced
872:or, conversely, in impeding
7:
5108:
4945:
4922:
4284:
3919:World Health Organization.
3713:International Medical Corps
2476:World Health Organization.
2420:World Health Organization.
2342:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.03.013
2271:The determinants of health.
2268:World Health Organization.
1926:Journal of Community Health
1809:
1792:Health and Safety Executive
1601:brushing and flossing teeth
1181:
799:
511:, and safe communities and
10:
5392:
4167:. U.S. Department of Labor
3854:10.1126/science.51.1306.23
3793:Health Policy and Planning
3605:Sipkoff M (January 2004).
3461:10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010
3110:"What are macronutrients?"
2682:10.1038/s41598-019-44097-3
1818: ā Impact of diseases
1693:
1553:
1547:
1387:
1381:
1185:
1112:
978:
848:
803:
732:
722:
637:
581:and chronic lung disease.
222:
86:
18:
5292:
5210:
5037:
4964:
4914:
4437:
4335:
4292:
4228:Resources in your library
4112:Retrieved on 20 June 2009
3940:Health in Everyday Living
3925:, accessed 20 April 2011.
3572:Studies on Ethno-Medicine
3260:"Physical Activity Facts"
3114:MD Anderson Cancer Center
2732:10.1007/978-3-319-42070-7
2490:Housman & Dorman 2005
2204:10.1057/s41271-016-0016-1
1572:A lady washing her hands
1486:to prevent the spread of
933:Preschoolers (3ā5 years)
882:World Health Organization
671:major depressive disorder
646:World Health Organization
244:World Health Organization
213:multiple chronic diseases
152:World Health Organization
111:World Health Organization
93:World Health Organization
3974:10.1177/1359105305057310
3922:Life expectancy at birth
2996:"What Is Mental Health?"
2836:. Un.org. Archived from
2626:10.1136/jech.2007.062414
1500:and, in some cases, the
1362:is independent from the
1149:single-payer health care
949:Teenagers (14ā17 years)
844:
735:List of nutrition guides
499:. Factors such as clean
392:outcomes, especially in
362:health care organization
356:eradication team in 1966
4057:Dialogues Clin Neurosci
3910:Retrieved 24 June 2010.
3906:Impact of Public Health
3709:"Secondary Health Care"
3374:Obesity (Silver Spring)
3064:. OECD's iLibrary. 2013
3039:. OECD's iLibrary. 2013
2457:. Anchor Points, Inc.,
2423:The world health report
2315:28 October 2014 at the
2286:What Determines Health?
2160:"How stressed are you?"
1779:and issues relating to
1556:Chronic care management
1330:, high-risk pregnancy,
1282:intensive care medicine
1095:health care professions
888:disruption is probably
718:
21:Health (disambiguation)
5337:
5321:
5273:
5250:
5241:
5232:
3880:Retrieved 24 June 2010
3877:What is Public Health?
2447:11 August 2019 at the
2441:Health Triangle Slides
2303:Lalonde, Marc (1974).
1750:carpal tunnel syndrome
1579:
1403:
1223:
1174:
1103:school health services
1048:biomedical engineering
1003:
917:Infants (4ā11 months)
909:Newborns (0ā3 months)
813:enhances or maintains
752:
744:
571:cardiovascular disease
485:
357:
101:
4826:Righteous indignation
4029:10.1093/ageing/afp089
3806:10.1093/heapol/czg038
3756:10.2471/BLT.12.110015
3234:"4 Types of Exercise"
2870:Organization. Geneva.
2595:Accessed 12 May 2011.
2135:Public Health Reviews
1708:are various forms of
1706:occupational diseases
1664:Relaxation techniques
1637:cognitive performance
1571:
1512:include the areas of
1488:communicable diseases
1397:
1378:Role of public health
1278:Emergency departments
1210:
1169:
1145:universal health care
997:
957:Adults (18ā64 years)
925:Toddlers (1ā2 years)
819:cardiovascular system
750:
742:
473:
352:as part of the CDC's
348:
281:Physical environments
184:health care providers
97:
4344:BodhipakkhiyÄ dhammÄ
4251:at Wikimedia Commons
3386:10.1038/oby.2007.118
3145:on 26 September 2011
3108:Alexander, Heather.
2982:28 July 2014 at the
2529:Jadad, A.R. (2013).
2060:15 June 2016 at the
1822:Environmental health
1656:cognitive impairment
1652:psychological stress
1624:social relationships
1544:Self-care strategies
1460:educational programs
1429:environmental health
1360:medical prescription
1284:, surgery services,
1235:physician assistants
1141:developing countries
1087:occupational therapy
445:Alameda County Study
399:The concept of the "
394:developing countries
382:World Health Reports
378:Alameda County Study
320:Health care services
200:healthy environments
5376:Main topic articles
4414:Theological virtues
4317:Positive psychology
3846:1920Sci....51...23W
3828:Winslow CE (1920).
3532:on 19 October 2009.
3204:2013JSFA...93.1820G
3171:on 27 February 2014
3062:(Online Statistics)
3037:(Online Statistics)
2898:2016PLoSO..1150867B
2805:"Genetic Disorders"
2673:2019NatSR...9.7730W
2455:The Health Triangle
2330:Preventive Medicine
1726:respiratory illness
1641:depressive symptoms
1441:occupational health
1407:community based on
1265:medical specialists
1239:nurse practitioners
1121:health care systems
897:
821:. According to the
489:natural environment
403:" as distinct from
286:Social environments
192:healthy communities
188:veterinary sciences
4846:Self-transcendence
4438:Individual virtues
4382:Nine Noble Virtues
4311:Nicomachean Ethics
4051:McEwen BS (2006).
3503:. Penguin Viking.
3497:Blainey G (2011).
2940:"Mental disorders"
2661:Scientific Reports
2535:Verhaltenstherapie
1938:10.1007/bf01324395
1580:
1404:
1296:units, diagnostic
1290:labor and delivery
1224:
1175:
1099:Workplace wellness
1004:
901:Age and condition
896:
786:phenolic compounds
782:Mediterranean diet
770:food guide pyramid
753:
745:
497:social environment
463:use, and avoiding
431:"health triangle."
358:
169:independent living
72:individual choices
5353:
5352:
5349:
5348:
4500:Conscientiousness
4367:Epistemic virtues
4247:Media related to
4209:Library resources
3653:www.arthapedia.in
3212:10.1002/jsfa.5972
3016:"OECD Statistics"
2811:. August 20, 2021
2741:978-3-319-42069-1
2548:10.1159/000357490
2453:Nutter S. (2003)
2166:. 6 November 2013
2016:on 12 August 2016
1863:Population health
1840:Human enhancement
1759:As the number of
1676:positive thinking
1668:cognitive therapy
1660:Stress management
1645:life satisfaction
1564:Stress management
1437:behavioral health
1409:population health
1368:prescription drug
1366:who provides the
1328:organ transplants
1040:medical sociology
1000:Dutch East Indies
995:
972:
971:
861:sleep deprivation
855:Sleep deprivation
811:Physical exercise
493:built environment
376:from Canada; the
342:
341:
326:child development
202:. In addition to
81:genetic disorders
60:physical exercise
5383:
5342:
5326:
5278:
5255:
5246:
5237:
5113:
5016:
5007:
4984:
4950:
4927:
4912:
4911:
4841:Self-cultivation
4394:Prussian virtues
4357:Cardinal virtues
4279:
4272:
4265:
4256:
4255:
4246:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4142:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4090:
4080:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4031:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3999:on 22 July 2011.
3998:
3992:. Archived from
3959:
3950:
3944:
3932:
3926:
3917:
3911:
3901:
3895:
3887:
3881:
3872:
3866:
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3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
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3636:
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3553:
3551:
3549:
3544:on 23 April 2018
3533:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3312:Nursing Standard
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3141:. Archived from
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3012:
3003:
3000:MentalHealth.gov
2998:(5 April 2019).
2993:
2987:
2974:
2968:
2963:Long, Steven W.
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2909:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2841:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2809:Cleveland Clinic
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2777:
2771:
2765:"Health Issues."
2761:
2746:
2745:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2684:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2611:
2602:
2596:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2487:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2369:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2325:
2319:
2301:
2290:
2281:
2275:
2266:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2241:. Archived from
2231:
2225:
2224:
2206:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2148:on 2 April 2014.
2147:
2141:. Archived from
2132:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2101:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2012:. Archived from
2010:phprimer.afmc.ca
2002:
1993:
1992:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1895:
1880:
1585:integrative care
1578:
1575:
1522:chronic diseases
1433:community health
1342:electronic means
1286:physical therapy
1255:health education
1221:Papua New Guinea
1217:East New Britain
1163:tribe directly.
1153:health insurance
1091:physical therapy
1044:health education
996:
898:
895:
815:physical fitness
679:anxiety disorder
675:bipolar disorder
561:Potential issues
483:
350:Donald Henderson
257:
122:
121:
119:
117:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5345:
5288:
5206:
5033:
4960:
4910:
4433:
4419:Three Treasures
4336:Virtue families
4331:
4305:Moral character
4288:
4283:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4186:
4184:
4179:
4170:
4168:
4163:
4154:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4126:
4124:
4115:
4105:
4101:
4091:
4049:
4045:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3957:
3951:
3947:
3933:
3929:
3918:
3914:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3884:
3873:
3869:
3840:(1306): 23ā33.
3826:
3822:
3785:
3781:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3683:medlineplus.gov
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3603:
3599:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3424:on 21 July 2011
3416:
3415:
3411:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3290:medlineplus.gov
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3266:. 21 April 2020
3258:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3014:
3013:
3006:
2994:
2990:
2984:Wayback Machine
2975:
2971:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2892:(3): e0150867.
2878:
2874:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2851:
2849:
2844:
2840:on 8 June 2016.
2832:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2789:
2787:
2785:medlineplus.gov
2779:
2778:
2774:
2762:
2749:
2742:
2720:
2716:
2653:
2649:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2527:
2523:
2488:
2484:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2449:Wayback Machine
2434:
2430:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2326:
2322:
2317:Wayback Machine
2302:
2293:
2282:
2278:
2267:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2245:on 7 March 2019
2233:
2232:
2228:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2062:Wayback Machine
2050:
2046:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1981:. Geneva: WHO.
1973:
1969:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1878:
1812:
1700:In addition to
1698:
1692:
1684:time management
1680:problem solving
1576:
1566:
1560:Social relation
1552:
1546:
1538:life expectancy
1425:health services
1398:Postage stamp,
1392:
1386:
1380:
1358:who provides a
1326:unit services,
1302:medical imaging
1270:ambulatory care
1251:preventive care
1202:
1184:
1133:Catholic Church
1117:
1111:
989:
987:
979:Main articles:
977:
975:Role of science
936:10 to 13 hours
928:11 to 14 hours
920:12 to 15 hours
912:14 to 17 hours
857:
849:Main articles:
847:
808:
802:
737:
731:
729:Human nutrition
723:Main articles:
721:
709:
642:
636:
563:
484:
481:
433:The WHO's 1986
343:
231:
221:
124:
115:
113:
105:
103:
96:
89:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5389:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5334:
5327:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5247:
5238:
5229:
5222:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5008:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4976:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4445:Accountability
4441:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4282:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:External links
4201:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4177:
4161:
4144:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4043:
4016:Age and Ageing
4002:
3945:
3927:
3912:
3896:
3882:
3867:
3820:
3779:
3730:
3700:
3670:
3640:
3597:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3534:
3521:
3514:
3489:
3435:
3409:
3360:
3337:
3302:
3277:
3251:
3240:on 1 July 2018
3225:
3198:(8): 1820ā26.
3182:
3156:
3126:
3100:
3084:"Healthy diet"
3075:
3050:
3025:
3020:stats.oecd.org
3004:
2988:
2969:
2956:
2931:
2872:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2842:
2829:
2822:
2796:
2772:
2747:
2740:
2714:
2647:
2597:
2582:
2568:
2554:
2521:
2496:Am J Epidemiol
2482:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2451:
2435:
2428:
2413:
2355:
2320:
2291:
2276:
2256:
2226:
2177:
2151:
2118:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2065:
2051:
2044:
2027:
1994:
1987:
1967:
1916:
1905:. 5 April 2021
1889:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1872:
1869:Women's health
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1816:Disease burden
1811:
1808:
1773:primary sector
1761:service sector
1754:lead poisoning
1710:pneumoconiosis
1694:Main article:
1691:
1688:
1639:scores, fewer
1548:Main article:
1545:
1542:
1382:Main article:
1379:
1376:
1316:trauma centers
1261:Secondary care
1183:
1180:
1113:Main article:
1110:
1107:
1007:Health science
981:Health science
976:
973:
970:
969:
966:
962:
961:
958:
954:
953:
952:8 to 10 hours
950:
946:
945:
944:9 to 11 hours
942:
938:
937:
934:
930:
929:
926:
922:
921:
918:
914:
913:
910:
906:
905:
902:
846:
843:
804:Main article:
801:
798:
765:Macronutrients
761:blood pressure
720:
717:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
697:
638:Main article:
635:
632:
612:bone fractures
562:
559:
535:predisposition
527:and land use.
479:
423:
422:
419:
412:
374:Lalonde report
340:
339:
335:
334:
328:
322:
317:
312:
307:
296:
295:
294:
291:Social support
288:
283:
278:
272:
269:
255:
236:health science
220:
217:
196:healthy cities
176:Healthy People
107:"Constitution"
91:
90:
88:
85:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5388:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5371:Personal life
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Sportsmanship
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4831:Righteousness
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:Nonattachment
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:Seven virtues
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4351:BrahmavihÄrÄs
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4327:Virtue ethics
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:About virtues
4291:
4287:
4280:
4275:
4273:
4268:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4182:
4178:
4166:
4162:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4095:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4063:(4): 367ā81.
4062:
4058:
4054:
4047:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4022:(5): 531ā37.
4021:
4017:
4013:
4006:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
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2806:
2800:
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2769:
2768:Global Issues
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2076:(2): 103ā09.
2075:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1988:9789241560146
1984:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1904:
1900:
1894:
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1421:biostatistics
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1390:Global health
1385:
1384:Public health
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1373:
1372:Western world
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467:. Health and
466:
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363:
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332:coping skills
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276:social status
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4806:Renunciation
4764:Philanthropy
4759:Perspicacity
4719:Magnificence
4672:Intelligence
4652:Impartiality
4572:Faithfulness
4460:Authenticity
4386:
4372:Five virtues
4349:
4342:
4322:Trait theory
4309:
4223:Online books
4213:
4185:. Retrieved
4169:. Retrieved
4153:. Retrieved
4140:
4125:. Retrieved
4121:NIOSH Topics
4120:
4102:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4019:
4015:
4005:
3994:the original
3965:
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3721:. Retrieved
3712:
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3691:. Retrieved
3682:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3652:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3617:(1): 38ā42.
3614:
3611:Managed Care
3610:
3600:
3578:(1): 21ā36.
3575:
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3561:
3546:. Retrieved
3542:the original
3530:the original
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3492:
3480:. Retrieved
3455:(1): 40ā43.
3452:
3449:Sleep Health
3448:
3438:
3426:. Retrieved
3422:the original
3412:
3377:
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3363:
3351:. Retrieved
3340:
3315:
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3293:. Retrieved
3289:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3263:
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3242:. Retrieved
3238:the original
3228:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3169:the original
3159:
3149:24 September
3147:. Retrieved
3143:the original
3138:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3113:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3087:
3078:
3066:. Retrieved
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3028:
3019:
2999:
2991:
2972:
2967:. niu.edu.tw
2959:
2947:. Retrieved
2943:
2934:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2850:. Retrieved
2838:the original
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2808:
2799:
2788:. Retrieved
2784:
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2723:
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2664:
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2416:
2404:. Retrieved
2375:
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2329:
2323:
2306:
2285:
2279:
2270:
2247:. Retrieved
2243:the original
2238:
2229:
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2190:
2180:
2168:. Retrieved
2163:
2154:
2143:the original
2138:
2134:
2121:
2109:
2073:
2069:
2047:
2037:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:the original
2009:
1977:
1970:
1932:(1): 33ā41.
1929:
1925:
1919:
1909:11 September
1907:. Retrieved
1902:
1893:
1875:Youth health
1851:Men's health
1789:
1758:
1712:, including
1699:
1690:Occupational
1649:
1628:volunteering
1621:
1616:
1612:
1581:
1526:
1492:
1456:environments
1445:
1417:epidemiology
1405:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1310:
1259:
1227:Primary care
1225:
1203:
1176:
1170:Modern drug
1157:
1130:
1118:
1060:
1036:pharmacology
1032:epidemiology
1024:biochemistry
1005:
904:Sleep needs
890:carcinogenic
858:
809:
779:
754:
725:Healthy diet
710:
691:
659:
655:
643:
628:
624:
609:
605:malnutrition
602:
594:tuberculosis
583:
564:
529:
517:neighborhood
486:
475:
474:
442:
434:
430:
424:
405:medical care
400:
398:
359:
336:
252:
232:
219:Determinants
211:presence of
209:
181:
173:
160:
125:
116:25 September
114:. Retrieved
110:
102:
98:
57:
39:, absent of
28:
27:
25:
4906:Workmanship
4796:Punctuality
4714:Magnanimity
4637:Hospitality
4587:Forgiveness
4532:Discernment
4490:Cleanliness
3482:25 November
3428:25 November
3353:25 November
3135:"Nutrients"
3088:www.who.int
3068:13 December
3043:12 December
2944:www.who.int
2667:(1): 7730.
2406:27 December
1794:and in the
1746:skin cancer
1724:is another
1605:food safely
1599:with soap;
1577: 1655
1480:Vaccination
1452:communities
1400:New Zealand
1324:neonatology
1188:Health care
1139:) and many
1079:social work
1002:, May 1946.
985:Health care
874:weight loss
870:weight gain
835:flexibility
790:isoprenoids
713:health care
707:Maintaining
507:, adequate
459:, limiting
457:body weight
274:Income and
229:Risk factor
204:health care
164:homeostasis
49:mental pain
47:(including
5360:Categories
5219:Auctoritas
5067:Aparigraha
5046:Adhiį¹į¹hÄna
5028:Sophrosyne
4996:Eutrapelia
4881:Temperance
4861:Solidarity
4851:Simplicity
4811:Resilience
4786:Politeness
4754:Patriotism
4734:Moderation
4607:Good faith
4597:Generosity
4557:Equanimity
4537:Discipline
4495:Compassion
3937:. (2008).
3723:19 January
3693:19 January
3663:19 January
3119:30 January
3093:30 January
2949:30 January
2790:2024-07-17
2249:20 January
1885:References
1857:One Health
1734:dermatitis
1672:meditation
1650:Prolonged
1554:See also:
1518:infectious
1388:See also:
1364:pharmacist
1304:services,
1298:laboratory
1276:services,
1231:physicians
1211:Nurses in
1186:See also:
1093:and other
1083:psychology
866:metabolism
733:See also:
650:well-being
630:remedies.
620:infections
416:human body
223:See also:
156:well-being
140:biological
128:biomedical
76:structural
37:human body
33:well-being
5267:Humanitas
5013:Phronesis
5004:Philotimo
4856:Sincerity
4821:Reverence
4689:Judgement
4677:Emotional
4667:Integrity
4657:Innocence
4612:Gratitude
4592:Frugality
4582:Foresight
4562:Etiquette
4552:Endurance
4527:Diligence
4450:Alertness
4399:Scout Law
4300:Endowment
3592:0973-5070
3509:793902685
3477:205190733
3349:. cmu.edu
3244:7 October
2986:. nih.gov
2691:2045-2322
2620:(4): e2.
2426:. Geneva.
2392:1055-6699
2213:0197-5897
2090:1078-4659
1946:0094-5145
1765:sedentary
1738:urticaria
1714:silicosis
1550:Self care
1502:continent
1370:. In the
1356:physician
1332:radiation
1294:endoscopy
1274:inpatient
1123:. Legal,
1071:nutrition
886:circadian
827:endurance
794:alkaloids
757:nutrients
451:, enough
370:sugar tax
263:Education
240:lifestyle
5260:Gravitas
5243:Dignitas
4989:Ataraxia
4871:Sympathy
4801:Religion
4791:Prudence
4749:Patience
4724:Meekness
4699:Kindness
4647:Humility
4642:Humanity
4577:Fidelity
4522:Courtesy
4485:Chivalry
4480:Chastity
4470:Charisma
4465:Calmness
4455:Altruism
4187:7 August
4171:7 August
4155:7 August
4127:7 August
4087:17290796
4038:19474036
3990:23314208
3982:16176953
3862:17838891
3815:12917273
3774:23599551
3717:Archived
3687:Archived
3657:Archived
3633:16 April
3627:Archived
3623:14763279
3469:29073412
3404:18239586
3332:23924135
3220:23225211
2980:Archived
2926:26963923
2886:PLOS ONE
2815:July 17,
2709:31197192
2642:13859588
2634:18365329
2589:UNESCO.
2445:Archived
2400:39133965
2350:21443899
2313:Archived
2221:27899800
2164:BBC News
2098:23358287
2058:Archived
1810:See also
1785:overwork
1771:and the
1534:children
1514:maternal
1476:outbreak
1472:pathogen
1468:research
1464:policies
1413:pandemic
1335:oncology
1196:hospital
1182:Delivery
1172:ampoules
1115:Medicine
1075:pharmacy
1063:medicine
1011:research
831:strength
806:Exercise
800:Exercise
579:diabetes
539:families
531:Genetics
495:and the
480:ā
449:exercise
354:smallpox
324:Healthy
305:genetics
293:networks
267:literacy
248:economic
136:physical
104:Source:
5315:Sadaqah
5301:Ganbaru
5234:Decorum
5226:Caritas
5181:ÅraddhÄ
5167:Shaucha
5132:Kshanti
5060:Akrodha
4915:Chinese
4816:Respect
4739:Modesty
4709:Loyalty
4694:Justice
4662:Insight
4622:Honesty
4617:Heroism
4547:Empathy
4505:Courage
4475:Charity
4388:PÄramÄ«s
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