345:
40:
453:
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to her in 1932, volunteering their services for China against Japan, she turned them down and fed them instead because "they looked starved". The pilots "ate everything she gave them, except eggs" because when they were destitute, the only vendor who would lend the pilots food on credit was an egg farmer. Prior to the United States entry into World War II, Chung would give her "adopted son" pilots a jade Buddha to wear around their necks, which would become a token by which the pilots would recognize each other throughout the world. Non-aviation naval officers "adopted" by Chung were called "Golden
Dolphins."
373:
in 1917; she was later appointed state criminologist for
Illinois. After two years in Illinois, Chung resigned from her position with Cook County in November 1918 and returned to Los Angeles following her father's death, accepting a position as a surgeon at Santa Fe Railroad Hospital, where she would
1120:
Dr. Margaret J. Chung, a graduate of the
University of Southern California Medical School, having taken Dr. Singer's course for assistant physicians at Kankakee, and having passed the civil service examination, has been appointed resident assistant in psychiatry, the Board of County Commissioners of
412:
She also treated seven Navy reserve pilots during this time; part of her care was making them meals, and they reportedly soon began calling themselves "Mom Chung's Fair-Haired
Bastard Sons" as a tribute to her. An alternative origin story for the "Mom Chung" nickname is that after eight pilots came
332:
scholarship to study at USC by selling newspaper subscriptions to raise funds for her education and worked her way through college as a waitress, a seller of surgical instruments, and by winning cash prizes in several speech contests. In 1909, Chung graduated from USC. Chung enrolled in the medical
307:
again in 1906 for her poem "Missionary Giving," delivered at the eighteenth anniversary of the Los
Angeles Congregational Chinese mission. Chung would write and deliver a paper entitled "Comparisons of Chinese and American Costumes" at the first anniversary of the Pasadena Congregational mission in
293:
in
Ventura County. Her mother, Ah Yane, also emigrated from China to California in the 1870s where she spent time in a mission home before working in agriculture and sometimes as a court interpreter. Her parents were denied form obtaining U.S. citizenship, and faced difficulty finding work. The
356:
After graduating with a medical degree in 1916, she applied to be a medical missionary. Her application was rejected three times. by administrative boards because, despite being born on United States soil, she was considered
Chinese and therefore could not secure funds for missionary work. She
480:
A pioneer in both professional and political realms, Chung led an unconventional personal life. As the only woman in her class, she adopted masculine dress and called herself "Mike," but after having established a professional practice she reverted to conventional dress and her female name.
308:
1907. By that fall when she was 17, Chung had graduated from the eighth grade at the
Seventh Street School and enrolled in the preparatory school at USC, being hailed as a "bright particular star" of the women's gymnasium class. In 1910, Chung won second place in a speech contest.
420:." During the war, Chung would serve up to 175 people at Thanksgiving at her house and wrapped and addressed 4,000 gifts at Christmas. Her houseguests included high ranking officers and US senators and congressmen; leaning on these connections, she helped establish the
294:
family moved to Los
Angeles by 1902. Chung's father eventually died from injuries sustained in a car accident after being denied care at hospitals. She supported the family and helped to raise her younger siblings from when she was ten, disrupting her schooling.
440:
in June 1944. She also started a social network for pilots and other military personnel, politicians, and celebrities in
California where she used her connections to recruit for war efforts and lobby for the creation of a women's naval reserve.
333:
school in 1911, according to a 1914 profile that noted her belief that she was "the first Chinese girl to enter a medical school in this state." Chung took on a different identity, going by "Mike" and dressed in a long blazer, shirt, and tie.
397:. Her practice was one of the few which would provide Chinese and Chinese Americans with Western medical care during a time when hospitals would often turn them away. In 1925, San Francisco's Chinese Hospital opened. Chung led the
312:
Women of every nation, every country, should learn medicine, so that they can teach the women of their countries and their races how to care for themselves and their children—how to improve the coming generation.
1222:
Dr. Margaret Chung, who recently gave up the position of assistant psychiatrist to the Juvenile Psychopathic Institute at Chicago in order to go to France, is now in Los Angeles doing work with the Santa Fe
444:
In 1947, 90% of Chung's medical patients were white. She retired from medical practice within ten years after the end of World War II, and her "adopted sons" purchased a house for her in Marin County.
945:
essay, "Comparison of American and Chinese Habits and Customs," Margaret Chung Those to be graduated are: Margaret Chung, Berta Miller, Josephine Sayers, Harold Gaston, Glenn Smith, Clarence Wilson.
416:
When Japan invaded China in 1937, Chung volunteered as a front-line surgeon, but she was secretly assigned instead to recruit pilots for the 1st American Volunteer Group, better known as the "
385:
in 1922 after experiencing the city while accompanying two patients, where she opened a private office. She treated the local Chinese American population as well as celebrities such as
1672:
344:
554:
1961:
1951:
1946:
369:. Chung would serve as the resident assistant in psychiatry for the first Juvenile Psychopathic Institute of the State of Illinois at the
1936:
1614:
Some of her boys named a Flying Fortress "Mama Chung III," "Mama Chung I" and "Mama Chung II" having been shot down during bombing raids.
1236:
370:
1802:
1072:
362:
484:
Based on personal correspondence, she had close and apparently intense relationships with at least two other women, the writer
1941:
269:
in 1916 and completing her internship and residency in Illinois, she established one of the first Western medical clinics in
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1346:
511:
1921:
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although she was not permitted to join them, as the government suspected that she was gay. Mom Chung adopted the entire
1931:
1774:
1743:
1715:
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squadron, nicknamed "The Rippers" for their logo, which showed a Chinese dragon ripping a flag. VF-2 was assigned to
1971:
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1552:
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266:
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156:
39:
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713:
611:
492:, that some writers have speculated were romantic. Although she was briefly engaged, she never married.
121:
First Chinese-American female physician; "adopting" 1,500+ servicemen in World War II; helped found the
1956:
1627:
1172:"The Status of Scientific Research in Illinois by State Agencies Other than the University of Illinois"
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as a promising student and for her planned future career as a newspaper reporter. She was noted in the
1457:
1926:
282:
262:
63:
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657:
573:
567:
382:
20:
957:
1171:
548:(no. 447), Major General of the United States Marine Corps and U.S. Representative from Minnesota
496:
452:
366:
349:
1704:"6. Doctors and Dentists — Margaret 'Mom' Chung: First Chinese American Physician in California"
876:
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and would set an American record by shooting down 67 Japanese planes in a single day during the
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1201:
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1966:
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1916:
1911:
1806:
1555:. Halliburton either lived briefly in the same building or received mail through Dr. Chung.
1443:
1431:
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Chung reportedly served as inspiration for the character of Dr. Mary Ling in the 1939 film
1650:
1041:
The Lonely Queue: The Forgotten History of The Courageous Chinese Americans in Los Angeles
8:
500:
19:
This article is about the Chinese-American doctor. For the Chinese-Canadian actress, see
265:, was the first known American-born Chinese female physician. After graduating from the
1100:"The Juvenile Psychopathic Institute and the work of the Division of the Criminologist"
533:
299:
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1485:
1770:
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1711:
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328:
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850:
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238:
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142:
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1673:"Introducing Big Alma and Mom Chung, the Central Subway's tunnel boring machines"
1519:
1735:
Horizon Chasers: The Lives and Adventures of Richard Halliburton and Paul Mooney
1521:
Horizon Chasers: The Lives and Adventures of Richard Halliburton and Paul Mooney
614:
were named "Mama Chung" in her honor by her "adopted" sons during World War II.
527:
1905:
1766:
Doctor Mom Chung of the Fair-Haired Bastards: The Life of a Wartime Celebrity
1598:"Dr. Margaret Chung, San Francisco physician, is called "Mother of Aviators""
1487:
Doctor Mom Chung of the Fair-Haired Bastards: The Life of a Wartime Celebrity
1435:
800:
604:
560:
489:
425:
417:
386:
375:
85:
828:
789:"Overlooked No More: Margaret Chung, Doctor Who Was 'Different From Others'"
1458:"Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender History in America"
1426:
1182:(29). The National Research Council of The National Academy of Sciences: 67
186:
1135:
618:
545:
504:
485:
398:
390:
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project on October 11, 2012, an outdoor public display which celebrates
1738:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 129, 178, 191.
1547:, at 1407 Montgomery Street, which offered matchless views of both the
1400:
510:, as a symbol of the bond of East and West, from Hong Kong to the 1939
406:
402:
67:
1679:(Press release). San Francisco Municipal Transit Agency. March 7, 2013
1237:"The Chinese-American Doctor Who Raised Hell—and 1,500 WW2 Servicemen"
578:
289:
was at its strongest. Her father, Chung Wong, was the foreman of the
200:
1578:. University of California at Berkeley, Ethnic Studies Library. 1933
551:
Chester W. Nimitz (no. 100), Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy
207:
1701:
1136:
Morganti, Mary; Otani, Janice; Peterson, Erin (September 2000).
499:, Chung was a neighbor, friend, and confidante of travel writer
1439:
361:. After several months, she left for Chicago, interning at the
285:, the eldest of eleven children. At the time of her birth, the
1823:"Celebrities and Notables View Lily Pons Home at Housewarming"
1151:. University of California at Berkeley, Ethnic Studies Library
421:
122:
1524:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 129.
357:
settled for work as a surgical nurse in Los Angeles, at the
661:
622:
566:
Walter F. Schlech Jr. (no. 108), Rear Admiral and Chief of
1110:(1). Department of Public Welfare, State of Illinois: 5–13
1708:
Women Trailblazers of California: Pioneers to the Present
212:
1769:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
1568:"Margaret Chung papers, 1933–1958 (bulk 1942–1944), AAS
1490:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
1121:
Cook County having granted maintenance for one resident.
557:, Brigadier General of the United States Army Air Forces
1710:. Charleston, SC: The History Press. pp. 93–107 .
191:
522:
Some of the notable "sons" of "Mom" Chung included:
468:
in San Francisco. Among her pallbearers was Admiral
958:"Margaret Chung, Edith Romig and Lillian Pressman"
740:
711:
536:(no. 600), Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy
16:First known American-born Chinese female physician
1169:
530:(no. 98), Governor and U.S. Senator from Kentucky
1903:
1844:"Fabulous Jam Session is Climax of Housewarming"
1097:
743:"Chinese Woman Physician Seeks War Zone Service"
714:"Chinese American Was 'Mom' to 1,000 Servicemen"
503:(1900–1939), who died in an attempt to sail the
267:University of Southern California Medical School
1841:
1317:"Sino-Japanese War "Spreads" to the West Coast"
374:go on to treat celebrities, including removing
1344:
422:Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service
1340:
1338:
1073:"Dr. Chung, 69, known as 'mom' to vets, dies"
1007:
1005:
984:"Chinese girl secures second prize in debate"
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
363:Mary Thompson Women's and Children's Hospital
161:
147:
1702:Harris, Gloria G.; Cohen, Hannah S. (2012).
1369:
1367:
1259:
1257:
736:
734:
697:
695:
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689:
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685:
683:
681:
679:
617:Chung was commemorated with a plaque in the
517:
1805:. The Ohio State University. Archived from
365:before serving her residency at the nearby
1731:
1517:
1335:
1037:
1002:
38:
1648:
1625:
1476:
1474:
1364:
1347:"Margaret Chung, a one-woman USO in WWII"
1265:"Dr. 'Mom' Chung death grieved by flyers"
1254:
1234:
1176:Bulletin of the National Research Council
1138:"Guide to the Margaret Chung Papers (AAS
1065:
731:
676:
475:
1131:
1129:
640:was named "Mom Chung" on March 7, 2013.
464:Chung died of cancer in January 1959 at
451:
352:model and photos of some of her recruits
343:
1425:
1962:American LGBTQ people of Asian descent
1904:
1471:
786:
741:McMenamin, William (August 23, 1937).
409:unit as one of four department heads.
339:
1952:Keck School of Medicine of USC alumni
1947:People from Santa Barbara, California
1126:
1013:"Chinese girl here studying medicine"
903:"Chinese celebrate first anniversary"
823:
821:
819:
817:
576:, Rear Admiral and bomb commander of
1842:Crawford, Hildy (January 13, 1955).
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
712:Rasmussen, Cecilia (June 24, 2001).
660:. Bamboo Productions. Archived from
587:(no. 124), U.S. Senator from Indiana
512:Golden Gate International Exposition
1098:Adler, Herman M. (March 31, 1918).
787:Chhita, Nina (September 18, 2023).
13:
1937:American people of Chinese descent
1863:"Arriving at Palm Springs Airport"
1797:
1759:
1480:
1345:Miller, Johnny (January 4, 2009).
1235:Alexandra, Rae (August 27, 2021).
814:
14:
1983:
1791:
1543:At the time lived at the top of
1202:"Mary Thompson Hospital Bulletin"
851:"Chinese Girl to Become Reporter"
761:
592:
1170:White, Leonard D. (March 1923).
472:, one of her "Golden Dolphins."
297:In 1905, Chung was noted in the
1883:"Mom Chung Visiting In Village"
1695:
1665:
1642:
1619:
1590:
1560:
1511:
1450:
1419:
1393:
1309:
1283:
1228:
1194:
1163:
1091:
1031:
976:
950:
929:"Graduates from public schools"
634:San Francisco Municipal Railway
336:Chung was raised Presbyterian.
213:
921:
895:
869:
843:
650:
563:(no. 131), actor and President
192:
162:
148:
1:
1628:"Margaret Chung Plaque Image"
1044:. East West Discovery Press.
877:"Chinese assist in exercises"
829:"Doctor Margaret "Mom" Chung"
643:
276:
1942:LGBTQ people from California
1576:Online Archive of California
1375:"Fliers of Mom Chung Return"
1149:Online Archive of California
44:Margaret "Mom" Chung in 1914
7:
1206:The Woman's Medical Journal
460:"Mom Chung" on May 30, 2013
438:Great Marianas Turkey Shoot
10:
1988:
1922:Physicians from California
1407:. United States Navy. 2016
359:Santa Fe Railroad Hospital
287:1882 Chinese Exclusion Act
261:January 5, 1959), born in
18:
1932:American women physicians
1104:The Institution Quarterly
383:San Francisco's Chinatown
271:San Francisco's Chinatown
263:Santa Barbara, California
242:
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155:
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132:
128:
117:
109:
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93:
74:
49:
37:
30:
1803:"The Chung Family Album"
1401:"The Third Fighting Two"
574:William Sterling Parsons
568:Military Sealift Command
534:William F. "Bull" Halsey
447:
21:Margaret Chung (actress)
1972:American women surgeons
1351:San Francisco Chronicle
528:Albert B. Chandler, Sr.
497:Sino-American relations
367:Kankakee State Hospital
350:Lockheed P-38 Lightning
157:Simplified Chinese
105:Surgeon, philanthropist
495:An advocate of strong
476:Personal relationships
461:
353:
324:
1677:Central Subway (blog)
1444:Harper & Brothers
831:. West Adams Heritage
630:tunnel boring machine
455:
347:
310:
235:Margaret Jessie Chung
32:Margaret Jessie Chung
1653:. The Legacy Project
1630:. The Legacy Project
1291:"Dr. Margaret Chung"
625:history and people.
570:, United States Navy
542:(no. 434), conductor
371:Cook County Hospital
273:in the early 1920s.
1732:Max, Gerry (2007).
1518:Max, Gerry (2007).
1212:(6): 126. June 1919
1038:Smith, Icy (2001).
964:. November 24, 1907
501:Richard Halliburton
340:Professional career
1889:. January 28, 1958
1869:. January 28, 1958
1829:. January 13, 1955
1297:. November 7, 1947
1271:. January 15, 1959
1019:. October 14, 1914
1017:Los Angeles Herald
988:Los Angeles Herald
962:Los Angeles Herald
935:. February 8, 1907
933:Los Angeles Herald
907:Los Angeles Herald
881:Los Angeles Herald
857:. October 10, 1905
855:Los Angeles Herald
793:The New York Times
747:San Bernardino Sun
664:on January 9, 2019
514:in San Francisco.
462:
354:
319:Los Angeles Herald
300:Los Angeles Herald
281:Chung was born in
253:October 2, 1889 –
1957:American surgeons
1799:Wu, Judy Tzu-Chun
1761:Wu, Judy Tzu-Chun
1482:Wu, Judy Tzu-Chun
1381:. October 4, 1944
1323:. August 24, 1937
1079:. January 6, 1959
718:Los Angeles Times
612:Flying Fortresses
600:King of Chinatown
585:Raymond E. Willis
540:Andre Kostelanetz
470:Chester W. Nimitz
466:Franklin Hospital
395:Tallulah Bankhead
348:Dr. Chung with a
329:Los Angeles Times
291:Rancho Guadalasca
232:
231:
220:
219:
180:Standard Mandarin
113:Beginning in 1916
110:Years active
1979:
1927:LGBTQ physicians
1898:
1896:
1894:
1878:
1876:
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1858:
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1838:
1836:
1834:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1809:on March 6, 2005
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1658:
1651:"2012 Inductees"
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1269:Coronado Journal
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1024:
1009:
1000:
999:
997:
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980:
974:
973:
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969:
954:
948:
947:
942:
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919:
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916:
914:
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893:
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888:
873:
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738:
729:
728:
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724:
709:
674:
673:
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488:and entertainer
322:
317:Margaret Chung,
260:
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244:
216:
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195:
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94:Other names
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59:
57:
42:
28:
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1649:Salvo, Victor.
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1626:Salvo, Victor.
1624:
1620:
1607:
1605:
1604:. July 22, 1943
1596:
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1553:Treasure Island
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1111:
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1080:
1077:Chicago Tribune
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1056:
1054:
1052:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1003:
993:
991:
990:. March 5, 1910
982:
981:
977:
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956:
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951:
938:
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927:
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922:
912:
910:
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896:
886:
884:
883:. March 5, 1906
875:
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610:At least three
603:, portrayed by
595:
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555:Russell Randall
520:
518:Military "sons"
478:
450:
381:Chung moved to
342:
323:
316:
279:
256:
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248:
246:
89:
83:
79:
78:January 5, 1959
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61:
60:October 2, 1889
55:
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33:
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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1793:
1792:External links
1790:
1789:
1788:
1776:978-0520938922
1775:
1757:
1745:978-0786426713
1744:
1729:
1717:978-1609496753
1716:
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1807:the original
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137:Chinese name
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80:(1959-01-05)
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1917:1959 deaths
1912:1889 births
658:"Mom Chung"
619:Legacy Walk
546:Melvin Maas
486:Elsa Gidlow
391:Helen Hayes
193:Zhāng Mǎzhū
97:"Mom" Chung
1906:Categories
1887:Desert Sun
1867:Desert Sun
1848:Desert Sun
1827:Desert Sun
1570:ARC 2000/3
1549:Bay Bridge
1295:Desert Sun
1140:ARC 2000/3
644:References
508:Sea Dragon
432:Enterprise
407:pediatrics
403:obstetrics
399:gynecology
277:Early life
257:1959-01-05
249:1889-10-02
68:California
56:1889-10-02
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1873:March 10,
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861:March 14,
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801:0362-4331
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668:March 10,
579:Enola Gay
430:USS
1801:(2005).
1763:(2005).
1484:(2005).
1436:New York
1429:(1947).
1223:Railway.
632:for the
315:—
208:Jyutping
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806:July 3,
239:Chinese
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123:WAVES
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725:2017
670:2017
623:LGBT
505:junk
426:VF-2
75:Died
50:Born
636:'s
458:TBM
243:張瑪珠
163:张玛珠
149:張瑪珠
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