143:
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to form distinct groups according to their CRE ages and formation ages, again indicating ejection of several different shergottites from Mars by a single impact. However, CRE ages of shergottites vary considerably (~0.5–19 Ma), and several impact events are required to eject all the known shergottites. It had been asserted that there are no large young craters on Mars that are candidates as sources for the
Martian meteorites, but subsequent studies claimed to have a likely source for
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56:
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714:. The meteorites cluster in families that seem to correspond to distinct impact events on Mars. It is thought that the meteorites all originate in relatively few impacts every few million years on Mars. The impactors would be kilometers in diameter and the craters they form on Mars tens of kilometers in diameter. Models of impacts on Mars are consistent with these findings.
927:
674:
older than about 1400 Ma (Ma = million years). All nakhlites, as well as
Chassigny and NWA 2737, give similar if not identical formation ages around 1300 Ma, as determined by various radiometric dating techniques. Formation ages determined for many shergottites are variable and much younger, mostly ~150–575 Ma.
262:
Bogard gave a survey of all the arguments used to conclude the SNC meteorites (of which 14 had been found at the time) were from Mars. They wrote, "There seems little likelihood that the SNCs are not from Mars. If they were from another planetary body, it would have to be substantially identical to Mars as it now is understood."
182:. As of September 2020, 277 meteorites had been classified as Martian, less than half a percent of the 72,000 meteorites that have been classified. The largest complete, uncut Martian meteorite, Taoudenni 002, was recovered in Mali in early 2021. It weighs 14.5 kilograms (32 pounds) and is on display at the
673:
activity was present on Mars only a few hundred million years ago. The young formation ages of
Martian meteorites was one of the early recognized characteristics that suggested their origin from a planetary body such as Mars. Among Martian meteorites, only ALH 84001 and NWA 7034 have radiometric ages
852:
in the meteorite could have been produced by
Martian microbes. The study, published in the journal of the Geochemical and Meteoritic Society, used more advanced high resolution electron microscopy than was possible in 1996. A serious difficulty with the claims for a biogenic origin of the magnetites
682:
particles. Thus, all measured nakhlites give essentially identical CRE ages of approximately 11 Ma, which when combined with their possible identical formation ages indicates ejection of nakhlites into space from a single location on Mars by a single impact event. Some of the shergottites also seem
415:
The shergottites appear to have crystallised as recently as 180 million years ago, which is a surprisingly young age considering how ancient the majority of the surface of Mars appears to be, and the small size of Mars itself. Because of this, some have advocated the idea that the shergottites are
853:
is that the majority of them exhibit topotactic crystallographic relationships with the host carbonates (i.e., there are 3D orientation relationships between the magnetite and carbonate lattices), which is strongly indicative that the magnetites have grown in-situ by a physico-chemical mechanism.
261:
Then in 1983, various trapped gases were reported in impact-formed glass of the EET79001 shergottite, gases which closely resembled those in the
Martian atmosphere as analyzed by Viking. These trapped gases provided direct evidence for a Martian origin. In 2000, an article by Treiman, Gleason and
677:
The chronological history of shergottites is not totally understood, and a few scientists have suggested that some may actually have formed prior to the times given by their radiometric ages, a suggestion not accepted by most scientists. Formation ages of SNC meteorites are often linked to their
253:
By the early 1980s, it was obvious that the SNC group of meteorites (Shergottites, Nakhlites, and
Chassignites) were significantly different from most other meteorite types. Among these differences were younger formation ages, a different oxygen isotopic composition, the presence of aqueous
1081:
Smith, M.R.; Laul, J. C.; Ma, M. S.; Huston, T.; Verkouteren, R. M.; Lipschutz, M. E.; Schmitt, R. A. (February 15, 1984). "Petrogenesis of the SNC (Shergottites, Nakhlites, Chassignites) Meteorites: Implications for Their Origin From a Large
Dynamic Planet, Possibly Mars".
817:). Ejection from Mars seems to have taken place about 16 million years ago. Arrival on Earth was about 13 000 years ago. Cracks in the rock appear to have filled with carbonate materials (implying groundwater was present) between 4 and 3.6 billion-years-ago. Evidence of
821:(PAHs) have been identified with the levels increasing away from the surface. Other Antarctic meteorites do not contain PAHs. Earthly contamination should presumably be highest at the surface. Several minerals in the crack fill are deposited in phases, specifically,
840:
Schopf, who described several important terrestrial bacterial assemblages, examined ALH 84001 and opined that the structures are too small to be
Earthly bacteria and don't look especially like lifeforms to him. The size of the objects is consistent with Earthly
520:
It has been shown that the nakhlites were suffused with liquid water around 620 million years ago and that they were ejected from Mars around 10.75 million years ago by an asteroid impact. They fell to Earth within the last 10,000 years.
2660:
Ojha, Lujendra; Wilhelm, Mary Beth; Murchie, Scott L.; McEwen, Alfred S.; Wray, James J.; Hanley, Jennifer; Massé, Marion; Chojnacki, Matt (2015-11-01). "Spectral evidence for hydrated salts in recurring slope lineae on Mars".
2270:
McKay, D.; Gibson Jr, EK; Thomas-Keprta, KL; Vali, H; Romanek, CS; Clemett, SJ; Chillier, XD; Maechling, CR; Zare, RN (1996). "Search for Past Life on Mars: Possible Relic
Biogenic Activity in Martian Meteorite AL84001".
592:). For this reason it is classified within its own group, the "OPX Martian meteorites". This meteorite received much attention after an electron microscope revealed structures that were considered to be the
318:(3), and ones otherwise (15) (containing the orthopyroxenite (OPX) Allan Hills 84001, as well as 10 basaltic breccia meteorites). Consequently, Martian meteorites as a whole are sometimes referred to as the
1117:
Allan H. Treiman; Michael J. Drake; Marie-Josee
Janssens; Rainer Wolf; Mitsuru Ebihara (January 1986). "Core formation in the Earth and Shergottite Parent Body (SPB):Chemical evidence from basalts".
868:) are a topic of debate among planetary scientists, but generally consistent with the earlier evidence provided by Martian meteorites. Any liquid water present is likely too minimal to support life.
848:
Many studies disputed the validity of the fossils. For example, it was found that most of the organic matter in the meteorite was of terrestrial origin. But, a recent study suggests that
404:
content. These two classification systems do not line up with each other, hinting at complex relationships between the various source rocks and magmas from which the shergottites formed.
4365:
4320:
1992:
Borg, L.E.; et al. (2005). "Constraints on the U-Pbisotopic systematics of Mars inferred from a combined U-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Sm-Nd isotopic study of the martian meteorite Zagami".
1518:
Lagain, A.; Benedix, G. K.; Servis, K.; Baratoux, D.; Doucet, L. S.; Rajšic, A.; Devillepoix, H. a. R.; Bland, P. A.; Towner, M. C.; Sansom, E. K.; Miljković, K. (2021-11-03).
805:
Several Martian meteorites have been found to contain what some think is evidence for fossilized Martian life forms. The most significant of these is a meteorite found in the
710:
The amount of time spent in transit from Mars to Earth can be estimated by measurements of the effect of cosmic radiation on the meteorites, particularly on isotope ratios of
2595:
Agee, Carl B.; Wilson, Nicole V.; McCubbin, Francis M.; Ziegler, Karen; Polyak, Victor J.; Sharp, Zachary D.; Asmerom, Yemane; Nunn, Morgan H.; Shaheen, Robina (2013-02-15).
349:
ratios that are be consistent with each other and inconsistent with the Earth. The names derive from the location of where the first meteorite of their type was discovered.
505:. Their crystallization ages, compared to a crater count chronology of different regions on Mars, suggest the nakhlites formed on the large volcanic construct of either
1863:
Cassata, William S.; Cohen, Benjamin E.; Mark, Darren F.; Trappitsch, Reto; Crow, Carolyn A.; Wimpenny, Joshua; Lee, Martin R.; Smith, Caroline L. (2018-05-01).
1806:
Nyquist, Laurence E.; Shih, Chi-Yu; McCubbin, Francis M.; Santos, Alison R.; Shearer, Charles K.; Peng, Zhan X.; Burger, Paul V.; Agee, Carl B. (2016-02-17).
423:, 58.5 km in diameter, was a potential source of these meteorites. A paper published in 2021, however, disputes this, proposing instead the 28 km crater
2424:
650:
of other Mars meteorites found on Earth. The meteorite contains components as old as 4.42 ± 0.07 Ga (billion years), and was heated during the
258:. Several scientists suggested these characteristics implied the origin of SNC meteorites from a relatively large parent body, possibly Mars.
400:
shergottites, based on their crystal size and mineral content. They can be categorised alternatively into three or four groups based on their
2056:"Concordant Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, and Ar-Ar ages for Northwest Africa 1460: A 446 Ma old basaltic shergottite related to "lherzolitic" shergottites"
2027:
Shih, C-Y; et al. (2005). "Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd dating of olivine-phyric shergottite Yamato 980459: Petrogenesis of depleted shergottites".
960:
1264:
1584:
3641:
856:
While water is no indication of life, many of the meteorites found on Earth have shown water, including NWA 7034 which formed during the
428:
4183:
635:, Kaidun is not a Martian meteorite in the strict sense. However, it may contain small fragments of material from the Martian surface.
1808:"Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic and REE studies of igneous components in the bulk matrix domain of Martian breccia Northwest Africa 7034"
549:
in August 2000 by meteorite hunters Bruno Fectay and Carine Bidaut, who gave it the temporary name "Diderot." It was shown by Beck
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4025:
2129:
651:
7500:
829:, that are claimed to be typical of biodepositation on Earth. There are also small ovoid and tubular structures that might be
678:
cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) ages, as measured from the nuclear products of interactions of the meteorite in space with energetic
2446:
Bada, J. L.; Glavin, DP; McDonald, GD; Becker, L (1998). "A Search for Endogenous Amino Acids in Martian Meteorite ALH84001".
7639:
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4398:
4133:
8098:
2766:
7355:
3533:
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1611:
Cohen, Benjamin E.; Mark, Darren F.; Cassata, William S.; Lee, Martin R.; Tomkinson, Tim; Smith, Caroline L. (2017-10-03).
494:
from at least four eruptions, spanning around 90 million years, from 1416 ± 7 to 1322 ± 10 million years ago. They contain
416:
much older than this. This "Shergottite Age Paradox" remains unsolved and is still an area of active research and debate.
7853:
7440:
4537:
2923:
612:. ALH 84001 is as old as the basaltic and intermediate shergottite groups – i.e., 4.1 billion years old.
254:
weathering products, and some similarity in chemical composition to analyses of the Martian surface rocks in 1976 by the
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541:
in 1815. There has been only one other chassignite recovered, named Northwest Africa (NWA) 2737. NWA 2737 was found in
17:
7722:
4243:
3550:
2349:"A red herring in vascular calcification: 'nanobacteria' are protein–mineral complexes involved in biomineralization"
1212:
1054:
7103:
5953:
3555:
2232:
Irradiation Records, Cosmic-Ray Exposure Ages, and Transfer Times of Meteorites, see section 4.5 Martian Meteorites
818:
1283:
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2323:
1219:
The letters SNC (pronounced `snick') stand for the three main classes: shergottites, nakhlites and chassignites.
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Roughly three-quarters of all Martian meteorites can be classified as shergottites. They are named after the
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The majority of SNC meteorites are quite young compared to most other meteorites and seem to imply that
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1420:; Albarède, Francis (2009). "Martian meteorite chronology and the evolution of the interior of Mars".
900:, which includes the speculation that life on Earth may have arrived as microbes on Martian meteorites
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The Martian meteorites are divided into three groups (orange) and two grouplets (yellow). SHE =
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2597:"Unique Meteorite from Early Amazonian Mars: Water-Rich Basaltic Breccia Northwest Africa 7034"
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A meteorite that fell in 1986 in Dayanpo, China contained a magnesium silicate mineral called "
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As of April 25, 2018, 192 of the 207 Martian meteorites are divided into three rare groups of
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In a 2014 paper, several researchers claimed that all shergottites meteorites come from the
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2001:
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1865:"Chronology of martian breccia NWA 7034 and the formation of the martian crustal dichotomy"
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Schlieper, Georg; KrĂśger, Thilo; Heiss, Alexander; Jahnen-Dechent, Willi (November 2011).
1737:. 36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. League City, Texas. abstract no.1326
1520:"The Tharsis mantle source of depleted shergottites revealed by 90 million impact craters"
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in carbonate material in crack fills (investigators McKay, Gibson, Thomas-Keprta, Zare).
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Nyquist, L.E.; et al. (2001). "Ages and geologic histories of martian meteorites".
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2538:"Origin of supposedly biogenic magnetite in the Martian meteorite Allan Hills ALH84001"
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Thomas-Keprta, K.L.; Clemett, S.J.; McKay, D.S.; Gibson, E.K.; Wentworth, S.J. (2009).
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1769:"The Kaidun Microbreccia Meteorite: A Harvest from the Inner and Outer Asteroid Belt"
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as the crater source of the depleted olivine-phyric shergottites ejected 1.1 Ma ago.
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2713:"A survey of shergottite, nakhlite and chassigny meteorites whole-rock compositions"
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A Martian meteorite crafted into a small pendant and suspended from a gold necklace.
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2260:– site maintained by Tony Irving for up to date information on Martian meteorites
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4721:
4716:
4694:
4674:
4639:
4622:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4313:
4233:
3762:
3707:
3692:
3280:
3189:
3106:
2928:
2911:
2884:
2114:
1636:
1543:
1441:
1018:
Treiman, A.H.; et al. (October 2000). "The SNC meteorites are from Mars".
546:
255:
222:
2522:
2079:
2013:
1978:
1394:
1230:
1152:
Bogard, D. D.; Johnson, P. (1983). "Martian gases in an Antarctic meteorite".
561:
revealed an unambiguous Martian origin and strong affinities with Chassigny."
8212:
8201:
8173:
7941:
7770:
7753:
7745:
7679:
7634:
7555:
7490:
7405:
7320:
7310:
7300:
7195:
7158:
7026:
7021:
6891:
6781:
6771:
6761:
6646:
6361:
6321:
6281:
6105:
6085:
6070:
6055:
5763:
5738:
5668:
5580:
5530:
5525:
5460:
5450:
5345:
5310:
5285:
5260:
5250:
5235:
5230:
5203:
5183:
5143:
5118:
5098:
5078:
5063:
4981:
4946:
4888:
4858:
4828:
4699:
4644:
4634:
4629:
4587:
4413:
4288:
4178:
4123:
4072:
3985:
3737:
3727:
3712:
3596:
3502:
3492:
3324:
3307:
3154:
2827:
2690:
2630:
1896:
1841:
1644:
1551:
1318:
861:
643:
624:
589:
2621:
2596:
2165:"The rayed crater Zunil and interpretations of small impact craters on Mars"
1792:
1487:
1462:
1310:
1103:
8132:
8127:
8068:
8000:
7980:
7644:
7400:
7345:
7285:
6556:
6446:
6406:
6157:
6140:
6135:
5838:
5605:
5585:
5550:
5505:
5435:
5430:
5377:
5372:
5360:
5355:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5300:
5295:
5280:
5265:
5255:
5240:
5225:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5058:
5048:
5031:
5026:
4991:
4961:
4941:
4898:
4883:
4863:
4773:
4736:
4704:
4669:
4654:
4649:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4557:
4138:
3767:
3722:
3697:
3687:
3586:
3342:
3229:
3194:
3062:
3004:
2904:
2638:
2581:
2562:
2382:
2093:
Bouvier, A.; et al. (2008). "The case for old basaltic shergottites".
1914:
1888:
1662:
1569:
1496:
1181:
842:
830:
480:
370:
202:
194:
167:
2475:
2300:
845:", but the existence of nanobacteria itself has been largely discredited.
7877:
7872:
7335:
6162:
5565:
5535:
5480:
5290:
5198:
5128:
5053:
5011:
4878:
4848:
4659:
4328:
4298:
3757:
3752:
3514:
3410:
3394:
3389:
3096:
3057:
3052:
2938:
2862:
2425:"Controversy Continues: Mars Meteorite Clings to Life - Or Does It?]"
2364:
1080:
806:
658:
605:
283:
275:
234:
151:, nicknamed "Black Beauty," weighs approximately 320 g (11 oz).
103:
93:
65:
2409:
7985:
7970:
7305:
7235:
5490:
5350:
5193:
5088:
5016:
5006:
4971:
4921:
4709:
4308:
3429:
3101:
3079:
1929:"A Mineral Unknown On Earth Could Be The Most Abundant Mineral On Mars"
1832:
1807:
810:
679:
585:
554:
465:
397:
378:
299:
238:
78:
2956:
407:
55:
8137:
8073:
7707:
7570:
4966:
4552:
4358:
4213:
3603:
3465:
3434:
3347:
3169:
3159:
3126:
3116:
2985:
2894:
2870:
2858:
2682:
1248:
849:
826:
711:
608:
were not indicative of Martian life, but of contamination by earthly
461:
381:
362:
303:
287:
198:
179:
61:
7395:
4908:
2498:
2055:
1954:
1768:
8147:
7859:
7840:
7712:
6436:
4476:
4218:
3571:
3239:
3121:
2158:
1585:"We Now Know Exactly Which Crater the Martian Meteorites Came From"
639:
597:
451:
439:
385:
291:
279:
148:
98:
2816:
2743:
Note: at the time of this article 12 SNC meteorites had been found
2346:
2163:; Golombek, M; Hurst, M; Kirk, R; Burr, D; Christensen, P (2005).
584:
has a different rock type from other Martian meteorites: it is an
7350:
4466:
3772:
3384:
3164:
3149:
3144:
2761:
2499:"Origins of magnetite nanocrystals in Martian meteorite ALH84001"
2243:
L.E. NYQUIST, D.D. BOGARD1, C.-Y. SHIH, A. GRESHAKE, D. STĂ–FFLER
670:
609:
542:
506:
502:
499:
393:
389:
346:
218:
961:"Researchers Identify Water Rich Meteorite Linked To Mars Crust"
623:
on December 3, 1980, may have originated on the Martian moon of
213:. These meteorites are interpreted as Martian because they have
5648:
4163:
3591:
2889:
2496:
2269:
1275:
833:
727:
593:
538:
495:
488:
484:
1681:"The nakhlite meteorites: Augite-rich igneous rocks from Mars"
241:. The term does not include meteorites found on Mars, such as
7051:
5403:
3581:
860:
of Martian geological history. Other signs of surface liquid
697:
620:
491:
469:
374:
366:
175:
2767:
Anatomy of A Martian Meteorite Poster and Information Packet
1613:"Taking the pulse of Mars via dating of a plume-fed volcano"
1415:
7218:
4278:
3658:
1517:
1059:
964:
822:
601:
569:
473:
163:
126:
1862:
1766:
2777:
Archive for Planetary Science Research Discoveries | PSRD
2594:
1805:
411:
NWA 6963, a shergottite found in Morocco, September 2011.
334:
2659:
2445:
1284:"The SNC meteorites: basaltic igneous processes on Mars"
7187:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
2781:
2396:
Powell and, Corey S.; Gibbs, W. Wayt (October 1996).
1463:"The Source Crater of Martian Shergottite Meteorites"
446:'s two sides and its inner surfaces after breaking it
337:
331:
328:
1347:
1244:"Meteorite's Black Glass May Reveal Secrets of Mars"
1055:"NASA Rover Confirms Mars Origin of Some Meteorites"
419:
It has been suggested the 3-million-year-old crater
1610:
992:"World's largest Martian meteorite goes on display"
3649:
2245:AGES AND GEOLOGIC HISTORIES OF MARTIAN METEORITES
2230:O. Eugster, G. F. Herzog, K. Marti, M. W. Caffee
1151:
456:Nakhlites are named after the first of them, the
8199:
2258:Martian Meteorites – has graphs of ejection ages
2130:"Birthplace of famous Mars meteorite pinpointed"
687:, and a possible source for other shergottites.
604:. As of 2005, scientific consensus was that the
2395:
2322:Young, John D.; Martel, Jan (January 1, 2010).
1457:
954:
952:
615:In March 2004 it was suggested that the unique
557:, major and trace element chemistry as well as
472:in 1911 and had an estimated weight of 10
2857:
1013:
1011:
7203:
3635:
2843:
2404:. Vol. 275, no. 4. pp. 20–22.
1731:The Diderot meteorite: The second chassignite
1678:
1453:
1451:
1281:
1674:
1672:
1297:(2). Geological Society of London: 229–251.
1205:Encyclopedia of Astronomy & Astrophysics
1046:
949:
800:
717:Ages since impact determined so far include
27:Meteorite made of rock originating from Mars
2535:
2321:
1728:Beck, P.; et al. (March 14–18, 2005).
1203:Murdin, P (January 2001). "SNC Meteorite".
1008:
7210:
7196:
3642:
3628:
2850:
2836:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
1448:
698:Age estimates based on cosmic ray exposure
54:
4486:
2736:
2620:
2571:
2561:
2372:
2128:Chandler, David L. (September 16, 2005).
1904:
1831:
1669:
1652:
1559:
1486:
1384:
928:"Search results for 'Martian meteorites'"
922:
920:
918:
642:(nicknamed "Black Beauty"), found in the
2127:
1727:
701:
588:(an igneous rock dominantly composed of
568:
438:
406:
384:. They fall into three main groups, the
269:
2707:
2207:
2092:
2053:
1362:
1052:
1017:
564:
209:. Several other Martian meteorites are
14:
8200:
2159:McEwen, A.S.; Preblich, B; Turtle, E;
1202:
915:
735:Dhofar 019, olivine-phyric shergottite
631:and because the Kaidun meteorite is a
7191:
4514:
3961:
3669:
3623:
2831:
2772:On the Question of the Mars Meteorite
2422:
1955:"39Ar-40Ar ages of martian nakhlites"
1606:
1604:
1582:
1265:"An unusually pristine piece of Mars"
1262:
989:
958:
888:List of Martian meteorites (on Earth)
627:. Because Phobos has similarities to
136:277 as of 15 September 2020
2536:Barber, D.J.; Scott, E.R.D. (2002).
2026:
1991:
1952:
1461:; Ody, A.; Poulet, F. (2014-03-06).
1282:Bridges, J.C.; Warren, P.H. (2006).
1242:Choi, Charles Q. (11 October 2012).
1241:
1074:
396:group found in Morocco in 2011) and
166:, was ejected from the planet by an
2717:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
2353:Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
2054:Nyquist, L.E.; et al. (2009).
1812:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
1767:Zolensky, M. and Ivanov A. (2003).
1422:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
24:
2738:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1998.tb01331.x
1601:
1341:"Northwest Africa 6963 (NWA 6963)"
40:Martian meteorite (SNC meteorites)
30:For meteorites found on Mars, see
25:
8229:
4481:
4471:
4462:Martian meteorites found on Earth
3256:
2750:
1291:Journal of the Geological Society
1263:Morin, Monte (October 12, 2012).
1053:Webster, Guy (October 17, 2013).
661:", a mineral not found on Earth.
580:Among these, the famous specimen
221:compositions that are similar to
8180:
8169:
8168:
2815:
2803:
2791:
2423:David, Leonard (20 March 2002).
819:polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
783:Five olivine-phyric shergottites
324:
141:
3670:
2653:
2588:
2529:
2503:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
2490:
2439:
2416:
2389:
2340:
2315:
2263:
2250:
2237:
2152:
2121:
2086:
2047:
2020:
1985:
1946:
1921:
1856:
1799:
1760:
1749:
1721:
1576:
1511:
1409:
1333:
1256:
1235:
1231:Shergotty Meteorite - JPL, NASA
1224:
1119:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
1084:Journal of Geophysical Research
646:during 2011, has ten times the
524:
352:
4515:
2762:Mars Meteorite Home Page (JPL)
2324:"The Truth about Nanobacteria"
1953:Park, J.; et al. (2009).
1756:Meteoritical Bulletin Database
1196:
1145:
1110:
983:
265:
229:, which have been measured by
13:
1:
1040:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00105-7
909:
7625:Recurring slope lineae (RSL)
2468:10.1126/science.279.5349.362
2293:10.1126/science.273.5277.924
2194:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.02.009
2029:Antarctic Meteorite Research
1708:10.1016/j.chemer.2005.01.004
1174:10.1126/science.221.4611.651
1139:10.1016/0016-7037(86)90389-3
434:
184:Maine Mineral and Gem Museum
7:
8059:Inspiration Mars Foundation
3962:
1020:Planetary and Space Science
990:Baker, Harry (2021-09-02).
871:
529:The first chassignite, the
290:), BBR = Basaltic Breccia (
10:
8234:
8094:Artificial objects on Mars
3881:Mare Australe (South Pole)
3488:extraterrestrial materials
2757:List of Martian Meteorites
2542:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
2115:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.006
1637:10.1038/s41467-017-00513-8
1583:Gough, Evan (2021-11-08).
1544:10.1038/s41467-021-26648-3
1442:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.042
904:Mars sample-return mission
893:List of meteorites on Mars
743:ALH 84001, orthopyroxenite
449:
369:in 1865. Shergottites are
248:
29:
8163:
8111:List of films set on Mars
8086:
8037:
8019:
7963:
7954:
7934:
7926:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
7918:
7839:
7791:
7744:
7735:
7723:Classical albedo features
7693:
7481:
7374:
7276:
7243:
7234:
7225:
5954:Eagle (Acidalia Planitia)
5604:
5393:
4907:
4757:
4525:
4521:
4510:
4254:
4244:Classical albedo features
4199:
3974:
3970:
3957:
3786:
3680:
3676:
3665:
3564:
3523:
3428:
3403:
3377:
3333:
3279:
3208:
3180:
3135:
3087:
3078:
2984:
2947:
2869:
2523:10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.064
2080:10.1016/j.gca.2009.04.008
2014:10.1016/j.gca.2005.08.007
1979:10.1016/j.gca.2008.12.027
959:Staff (January 3, 2013).
801:Possible evidence of life
775:Six basaltic shergottites
664:
652:Amazonian geologic period
427:, or possibly the crater
286:, OPX = Orthopyroxenite (
227:atmospheric gases on Mars
162:is a rock that formed on
140:
132:
120:
84:
72:
53:
44:
39:
8029:List of missions to Mars
7217:
5959:Eagle (Meridiani Planum)
4423:Meteorites found on Mars
3886:Mare Boreum (North Pole)
2060:Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
1994:Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
1959:Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
205:, collectively known as
8187:Solar System portal
3267:Meteorites on Mars list
3262:Martian meteorites list
2729:1998M&PSA..33..183L
2622:10.1126/science.1228858
2107:2008E&PSL.266..105B
2095:Earth Planet. Sci. Lett
1824:2016M&PS...51..483N
1793:10.1078/0009-2819-00038
1488:10.1126/science.1247282
1434:2009E&PSL.280..285B
1395:10.1023/A:1011993105172
1311:10.1144/0016-764904-501
1104:10.1029/JB089iS02p0B612
1032:2000P&SS...48.1213T
883:Glossary of meteoritics
7801:Solar eclipses on Mars
7660:"Swiss cheese" feature
7516:Concentric crater fill
4011:Concentric crater fill
2563:10.1073/pnas.102045799
1889:10.1126/sciadv.aap8306
1679:Treiman, A.H. (2005).
866:recurring slope lineae
707:
638:The Martian meteorite
633:carbonaceous chondrite
577:
535:Chassigny, Haute-Marne
447:
412:
295:
193:of Martian meteorite:
4154:Swiss cheese features
3416:Nonmagmatic meteorite
1617:Nature Communications
1524:Nature Communications
1365:Space Science Reviews
932:Meteoritical Bulletin
705:
572:
487:and were formed from
442:
410:
392:-phyric (such as the
273:
133:Total known specimens
32:List of rocks on Mars
8001:Permanent settlement
5591:Angustus Labyrinthus
4184:discovery chronology
4129:Scalloped topography
4083:Lineated valley fill
3483:Ca–Al-rich inclusion
1418:Blichert-Toft, Janne
1026:(12–14): 1213–1230.
936:Meteoritical Society
565:Ungrouped meteorites
172:interplanetary space
8143:Timekeeping on Mars
7820:Planetary transits
7805:Satellite transits
7718:Observation history
7566:Lobate debris apron
5546:Deuteronilus Mensae
4869:Syrtis Major Planum
4680:Syrtis Major Planum
4229:Observation history
4089:Lobate debris apron
2675:2015NatGe...8..829O
2613:2013Sci...339..780A
2554:2002PNAS...99.6556B
2515:2009GeCoA..73.6631T
2460:1998Sci...279..362B
2402:Scientific American
2398:"Bugs in the Data?"
2328:Scientific American
2285:1996Sci...273..924M
2186:2005Icar..176..351M
2072:2009GeCoA..73.4288N
2041:2005AMR....18...46S
2006:2005GeCoA..69.5819B
1971:2009GeCoA..73.2177P
1881:2018SciA....4.8306C
1785:2003ChEG...63..185Z
1700:2005ChEG...65..203T
1629:2017NatCo...8..640C
1536:2021NatCo..12.6352L
1479:2014Sci...343.1343W
1377:2001SSRv...96..105N
1303:2006JGSoc.163..229B
1166:1983Sci...221..651B
1131:1986GeCoA..50.1071T
1096:1984LPSC...14..612S
838:Micropaleontologist
531:Chassigny meteorite
515:Syrtis Major Planum
359:Shergotty meteorite
231:orbiting spacecraft
8218:Martian meteorites
6972:Teisserenc de Bort
5596:Noctis Labyrinthus
5576:Nilokeras Scopulus
3896:Margaritifer Sinus
2365:10.1093/ndt/gfr521
1833:10.1111/maps.12606
1090:(S02): B612–B630.
751:Dunite (Chassigny)
708:
619:, which landed in
578:
448:
413:
402:rare-earth element
296:
174:before landing on
147:Martian meteorite
60:Martian meteorite
18:Martian meteorites
8195:
8194:
8148:Sol (day on Mars)
8116:Martian scientist
8099:Memorials on Mars
8082:
8081:
8053:The Case for Mars
7950:
7949:
7731:
7730:
7665:Terrain softening
7630:Ring mold craters
7598:North Polar Basin
7521:Dark slope streak
7366:Vastitas Borealis
7263:Dust devil tracks
7185:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7176:
5624:Tithoniae Catenae
5561:Protonilus Mensae
5556:Nilosyrtis Mensae
5446:Hephaestus Fossae
4814:Eridania Planitia
4779:Amazonis Planitia
4769:Acidalia Planitia
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4467:Balsaltic Breccia
4169:Upper plains unit
4159:Terrain softening
4119:Ring mold craters
4094:North Polar Basin
4016:Dark slope streak
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3778:Vastitas Borealis
3718:Hyperboreae Undae
3617:
3616:
3609:Near-Earth object
3577:Atmospheric entry
3424:
3423:
3373:
3372:
3275:
3274:
2663:Nature Geoscience
2607:(6121): 780–785.
2359:(11): 3436–3439.
2279:(5277): 924–930.
2066:(14): 4288–4309.
2000:(24): 5819–5830.
1416:Bouvier, Audrey;
1269:Los Angeles Times
1160:(4611): 651–654.
798:
797:
582:Allan Hills 84001
574:Allan Hills 84001
483:that are rich in
160:Martian meteorite
156:
155:
16:(Redirected from
8225:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8172:
8171:
8046:The Mars Project
7961:
7960:
7909:
7899:
7889:
7867:
7865:
7864:
7742:
7741:
7603:Ocean hypothesis
7453:Outflow channels
7241:
7240:
7212:
7205:
7198:
7189:
7188:
5511:Tithonium Fossae
5421:Ceraunius Fossae
5037:Tithonium Chasma
4844:Meridiani Planum
4809:Elysium Planitia
4784:Arcadia Planitia
4742:Ceraunius Tholus
4563:Apollinaris Mons
4523:
4522:
4512:
4511:
4443:Meridiani Planum
4109:Outflow channels
4099:Ocean hypothesis
3972:
3971:
3959:
3958:
3678:
3677:
3667:
3666:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3442:Characteristics
3218:Basaltic Breccia
3085:
3084:
2982:
2981:
2954:
2953:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2745:
2740:
2695:
2694:
2683:10.1038/ngeo2546
2657:
2651:
2650:
2624:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2565:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2431:. Archived from
2420:
2414:
2413:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2241:
2235:
2228:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2169:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2136:. Archived from
2125:
2119:
2118:
2101:(1–2): 105–124.
2090:
2084:
2083:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1965:(7): 2177–2189.
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1869:Science Advances
1860:
1854:
1853:
1835:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1764:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1490:
1473:(6177): 1343–6.
1455:
1446:
1445:
1428:(1–4): 285–295.
1413:
1407:
1406:
1388:
1360:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1125:(6): 1071–1091.
1114:
1108:
1107:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
967:. Archived from
956:
947:
946:
944:
942:
924:
858:Amazonian period
720:
719:
629:C-type asteroids
617:Kaidun meteorite
460:, which fell in
458:Nakhla meteorite
444:Nakhla meteorite
361:, which fell at
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
243:Heat Shield Rock
189:There are three
170:, and traversed
145:
113:Basaltic Breccia
58:
37:
36:
21:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8222:
8208:Meteorite clans
8198:
8197:
8196:
8191:
8181:
8179:
8159:
8153:Darian calendar
8078:
8033:
8015:
7946:
7930:
7914:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7862:
7861:
7858:
7835:
7787:
7781:Voltaire crater
7759:Stickney crater
7727:
7689:
7531:Fretted terrain
7477:
7377:
7370:
7331:Sinus Meridiani
7316:Planum Australe
7291:Cerberus (Mars)
7272:
7230:
7228:Outline of Mars
7221:
7216:
7186:
7173:
5609:
5600:
5501:Tantalus Fossae
5486:Olympica Fossae
5476:Memnonia Fossae
5466:Mareotis Fossae
5456:Labeatis Fossae
5426:Cerberus Fossae
5416:Amenthes Fossae
5402:
5389:
5022:Juventae Chasma
5002:Hydraotes Chaos
4957:Coprates Chasma
4912:
4903:
4874:Utopia Planitia
4854:Planum Australe
4834:Isidis Planitia
4824:Hesperia Planum
4819:Hellas Planitia
4804:Daedalia Planum
4799:Chryse Planitia
4794:Argyre Planitia
4789:Argentea Planum
4760:
4753:
4690:Tartarus Montes
4685:Tartarus Colles
4665:Nereidum Montes
4598:Charitum Montes
4593:Centauri Montes
4568:Ariadnes Colles
4548:Acidalia Colles
4541:
4534:
4530:
4517:
4498:
4438:Mackinac Island
4257:
4250:
4195:
4174:Valley networks
4068:Inverted relief
4043:Fretted terrain
3977:
3966:
3945:
3921:Phoenicis Lacus
3782:
3748:Sinus Meridiani
3733:Planum Australe
3672:
3661:
3648:
3618:
3613:
3560:
3519:
3432:
3420:
3399:
3369:
3329:
3271:
3245:Orthopyroxenite
3204:
3176:
3131:
3074:
2974:
2966:
2943:
2865:
2856:
2826:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2753:
2748:
2698:
2669:(11): 829–832.
2658:
2654:
2593:
2589:
2548:(10): 6556–61.
2534:
2530:
2495:
2491:
2454:(5349): 362–5.
2444:
2440:
2421:
2417:
2394:
2390:
2345:
2341:
2332:
2330:
2320:
2316:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2238:
2229:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2167:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2126:
2122:
2091:
2087:
2052:
2048:
2025:
2021:
1990:
1986:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1875:(5): eaap8306.
1861:
1857:
1804:
1800:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1688:Chemie der Erde
1683:
1677:
1670:
1609:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1581:
1577:
1516:
1512:
1456:
1449:
1414:
1410:
1386:10.1.1.117.1954
1361:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1261:
1257:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1201:
1197:
1150:
1146:
1115:
1111:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1051:
1047:
1016:
1009:
1000:
998:
988:
984:
974:
972:
971:on May 29, 2018
957:
950:
940:
938:
926:
925:
916:
912:
898:Lithopanspermia
878:Colin Pillinger
874:
803:
700:
667:
586:orthopyroxenite
567:
559:oxygen isotopes
527:
454:
437:
355:
327:
323:
268:
251:
235:surface landers
152:
116:
109:Orthopyroxenite
68:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8231:
8221:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8189:
8176:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8090:
8088:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8064:Mars Institute
8061:
8056:
8049:
8041:
8039:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8025:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7967:
7965:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7944:
7938:
7936:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7928:
7922:
7920:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7870:
7869:
7868:
7851:
7845:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7833:
7832:
7831:
7826:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7811:
7803:
7797:
7795:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7784:
7783:
7778:
7768:
7767:
7766:
7761:
7750:
7748:
7739:
7733:
7732:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7699:
7697:
7691:
7690:
7688:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7640:Seasonal flows
7637:
7635:Rootless cones
7632:
7627:
7622:
7621:
7620:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7583:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7487:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7463:Valley network
7460:
7455:
7450:
7448:Observed rocks
7445:
7444:
7443:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7382:
7380:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7361:Ultimi Scopuli
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7341:Terra Cimmeria
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7282:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7249:
7247:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7215:
7214:
7207:
7200:
7192:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7075:
7074:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6302:Jarry-Desloges
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6153:Columbia Hills
6150:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6131:Apollo 1 Hills
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5989:Matijevic Hill
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5629:Tractus Catena
5626:
5621:
5619:Artynia Catena
5615:
5613:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5571:Claritas Rupes
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5541:Cydonia Mensae
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5521:Ulysses Fossae
5518:
5516:Tractus Fossae
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5496:Sirenum Fossae
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5471:Medusae Fossae
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5441:Elysium Fossae
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5412:
5410:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5044:List of valles
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4997:Hydaspis Chaos
4994:
4989:
4987:Gorgonum Chaos
4984:
4979:
4977:Galaxias Chaos
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4952:Chasma Boreale
4949:
4944:
4939:
4937:Atlantis Chaos
4934:
4932:Aromatum Chaos
4929:
4927:Arsia Chasmata
4924:
4918:
4916:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4894:Pityusa Patera
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4747:Uranius Tholus
4744:
4739:
4729:
4727:Ulysses Tholus
4724:
4722:Tyrrhenus Mons
4719:
4717:Tharsis Tholus
4714:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4695:Tharsis Montes
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4675:Phlegra Montes
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4640:Hadriacus Mons
4637:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4623:Hecates Tholus
4620:
4615:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4583:Avernus Colles
4580:
4578:Ausonia Montes
4575:
4573:Astapus Colles
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4538:list by height
4535:
4519:
4518:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4453:Shelter Island
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:Jake Matijevic
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:Bathurst Inlet
4262:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4134:Seasonal flows
4131:
4126:
4124:Rootless cones
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3968:
3967:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3891:Mare Tyrrhenum
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Mare Acidalium
3873:
3868:
3866:Ismenius Lacus
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:Terra Cimmeria
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3693:Aspledon Undae
3690:
3684:
3682:
3674:
3673:
3663:
3662:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3530:Meteorites by
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3439:
3437:
3426:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3404:Obsolete terms
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:Impact breccia
3186:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2979:
2951:
2949:Classification
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2929:Micrometeorite
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2867:
2866:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2832:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2752:
2751:External links
2749:
2747:
2746:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2652:
2587:
2528:
2489:
2438:
2435:on 2002-04-04.
2415:
2388:
2339:
2314:
2262:
2249:
2236:
2206:
2180:(2): 351–381.
2151:
2120:
2085:
2046:
2019:
1984:
1945:
1920:
1855:
1818:(3): 483–498.
1798:
1779:(3): 185–246.
1759:
1748:
1720:
1694:(3): 203–270.
1668:
1600:
1589:Universe Today
1575:
1510:
1447:
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744:
740:
739:
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732:
731:
724:
699:
696:
666:
663:
566:
563:
547:Western Sahara
526:
523:
479:Nakhlites are
450:Main article:
436:
433:
354:
351:
267:
264:
256:Viking landers
250:
247:
207:SNC meteorites
154:
153:
146:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
124:
118:
117:
115:
114:
111:
106:
101:
96:
90:
88:
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
59:
51:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8230:
8219:
8216:
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8211:
8209:
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8030:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7996:Human mission
7994:
7992:
7991:Sample return
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7953:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7933:
7927:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7917:
7908:
7901:
7898:
7891:
7888:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7871:
7866:
7857:
7856:
7855:
7854:Mars-crossers
7852:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7842:
7838:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7798:
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7782:
7779:
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7762:
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7757:
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7755:
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7751:
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7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7698:
7696:
7692:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7670:Tharsis bulge
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7619:
7616:
7615:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7608:Ore resources
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7577:
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7559:
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7554:
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7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7501:Chaos terrain
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7491:Brain terrain
7489:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7480:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7406:Chaos terrain
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7384:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7373:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7321:Planum Boreum
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7311:Olympia Undae
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7301:Eridania Lake
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7279:
7275:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
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7250:
7248:
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7242:
7239:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7224:
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7213:
7208:
7206:
7201:
7199:
7194:
7193:
7190:
7170:
7167:
7165:
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7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
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7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
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7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
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7100:
7097:
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7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
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7055:
7053:
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7033:
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7028:
7025:
7023:
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7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
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6888:
6885:
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6408:
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6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
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6288:
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6268:
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6255:
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6228:
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6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6171:
6170:Sleepy Hollow
6168:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
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6049:
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6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
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5937:
5935:
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5927:
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5902:
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5887:
5885:
5882:
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5877:
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5872:
5870:
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5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
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5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
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5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
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5732:
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5727:
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5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5581:Olympus Rupes
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5531:Ausonia Mensa
5529:
5527:
5526:Aeolis Mensae
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5461:Mangala Fossa
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5451:Icaria Fossae
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
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5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
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5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
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5180:
5177:
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5142:
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5137:
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5115:
5112:
5110:
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5018:
5015:
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5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4982:Ganges Chasma
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:Candor Chasma
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4889:Peneus Patera
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4859:Planum Boreum
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4829:Icaria Planum
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4756:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4733:
4732:Uranius group
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4645:Hellas Montes
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Galaxius Mons
4633:
4631:
4630:Erebus Montes
4628:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:Biblis Tholus
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4513:
4509:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:Oileán Ruaidh
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Barnacle Bill
4352:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4253:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:Ore resources
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:Chaos terrain
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3986:Brain terrain
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3956:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:Sinus Sabaeus
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3738:Planum Boreum
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Olympia Undae
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Eridania Lake
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3557:
3556:Organizations
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:find location
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3508:Widmanstätten
3506:
3504:
3503:Neumann lines
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3493:meteoric iron
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3358:Eagle Station
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:: A183–A190.
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2140:on 2006-01-13
2139:
2135:
2134:New Scientist
2131:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
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1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1605:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:Werner, S. C.
1454:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1214:9781000523034
1210:
1207:. CRC Press.
1206:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1012:
997:
996:Lives Science
993:
986:
970:
966:
962:
955:
953:
937:
933:
929:
923:
921:
919:
914:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
869:
867:
863:
862:water on Mars
859:
854:
851:
846:
844:
839:
835:
832:
828:
825:deposited as
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
781:
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
765:
761:
759:Six nakhlites
758:
757:
753:
750:
749:
745:
742:
741:
737:
734:
733:
729:
725:
722:
721:
718:
715:
713:
704:
695:
693:
692:Mojave Crater
688:
686:
681:
675:
672:
662:
660:
655:
653:
649:
648:water content
645:
644:Sahara desert
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:orthopyroxene
587:
583:
575:
571:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
522:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:
497:
493:
490:
486:
482:
481:igneous rocks
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
445:
441:
432:
430:
426:
422:
417:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:
376:
372:
371:igneous rocks
368:
364:
360:
350:
348:
345:). They have
342:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
263:
259:
257:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
150:
144:
139:
135:
131:
128:
125:
123:
119:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
91:
89:
87:
83:
80:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
57:
52:
49: —
48:
45:—
43:
38:
33:
19:
8133:Life on Mars
8128:Flag of Mars
8069:Mars Society
8051:
8044:
8011:Terraforming
8006:Colonization
7776:Swift crater
7618:polar wander
7575:
7346:Terra Sabaea
7286:Arabia Terra
6867:Schiaparelli
6812:Robert Sharp
6652:Orson Welles
5949:Du Martheray
5839:Chryse Alien
5834:Chincoteague
5674:Arkhangelsky
5586:Rupes Tenuis
5551:Ganges Mensa
5506:Tempe Fossae
5436:Cyane Fossae
5431:Coloe Fossae
5109:Green Valley
5032:Ophir Chasma
5027:Melas Chasma
4992:Hebes Chasma
4962:Echus Chasma
4942:Aureum Chaos
4899:Siloe Patera
4884:Orcus Patera
4864:Syria Planum
4839:Lunae Planum
4774:Aeolis Palus
4737:Uranius Mons
4670:Olympus Mons
4655:Libya Montes
4650:Jovis Tholus
4618:Albor Tholus
4613:Elysium Mons
4603:Echus Montes
4558:Anseris Mons
4482:Shergottites
4472:Chassignites
4461:
4428:Block Island
4366:
4346:
4321:
4266:
3931:Syrtis Major
3768:Terra Sabaea
3723:Ogygis Undae
3698:Arabia Terra
3688:Abalos Undae
3587:Impact event
3568:
3343:Mesosiderite
3257:Shergottites
3230:Chassignites
3209:
3195:Mare basalts
2994:Carbonaceous
2905:strewn field
2798:Solar System
2742:
2720:
2716:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2509:(21): 6631.
2506:
2502:
2492:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2433:the original
2428:
2418:
2401:
2391:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:
2317:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2256:Tony Irving
2252:
2239:
2197:. Retrieved
2177:
2171:
2161:Artemieva, N
2154:
2144:September 8,
2142:. Retrieved
2138:the original
2133:
2123:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2032:
2028:
2022:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1937:. Retrieved
1935:. 2021-08-09
1932:
1923:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1776:
1773:Geochemistry
1772:
1762:
1751:
1741:September 8,
1739:. Retrieved
1730:
1723:
1711:. Retrieved
1691:
1687:
1620:
1616:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:
1578:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1470:
1466:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1368:
1364:
1335:
1294:
1290:
1277:
1268:
1258:
1247:
1237:
1226:
1218:
1204:
1198:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1058:
1048:
1023:
1019:
999:. Retrieved
995:
985:
973:. Retrieved
969:the original
939:. Retrieved
931:
855:
847:
843:nanobacteria
831:nanobacteria
804:
794:0.73 ± 0.15
716:
709:
689:
676:
668:
656:
637:
614:
606:microfossils
579:
550:
528:
525:Chassignites
519:
478:
455:
418:
414:
356:
353:Shergottites
322:(pronounced
319:
316:chassignites
315:
311:
308:shergottites
307:
297:
260:
252:
206:
203:chassignites
195:shergottites
188:
168:impact event
159:
157:
7956:Exploration
7878:5261 Eureka
7546:Groundwater
7511:Composition
7336:Tempe Terra
7326:Quadrangles
7253:Circulation
7084:Vinogradsky
7042:Tycho Brahe
6992:Tikhonravov
6927:Spallanzani
6857:Santa Maria
6817:Roddenberry
6036:Flaugergues
5566:Sacra Mensa
5536:Capri Mensa
5481:Nili Fossae
5012:Ister Chaos
4879:Eden Patera
4849:Oxia Planum
4660:Mount Sharp
4433:Heat Shield
4389:Pot of Gold
4339:Last Chance
4322:Opportunity
4224:Volcanology
4058:Groundwater
4036:Nili Patera
4026:Dune fields
4006:Composition
3916:Phaethontis
3871:Lunae Palus
3788:Quadrangles
3758:Tempe Terra
3753:Siton Undae
3743:Quadrangles
3671:Cartography
3515:CI1 fossils
3411:Amphoterite
3395:Octahedrite
3390:Hexahedrite
3097:Acapulcoite
3024:C ungrouped
2939:Parent body
2863:meteoritics
2810:Outer space
1530:(1): 6352.
1371:: 105–164.
1066:October 29,
807:Allan Hills
767:Lherzolites
762:10.8 ± 0.8
754:11.1 ± 1.6
746:15.0 ± 0.8
738:19.8 ± 2.3
712:noble gases
596:remains of
576:(ALH 84001)
398:Lherzolitic
300:achondritic
284:Chassignite
276:Shergottite
266:Subdivision
122:Parent body
104:Chassignite
94:Shergottite
66:shergottite
8202:Categories
7613:Polar caps
7593:Mud cracks
7576:Meteorites
7561:Lava tubes
7496:Carbonates
7431:Labyrinthi
7306:Iani Chaos
7245:Atmosphere
7149:Wislicenus
7104:Von Kármán
7079:Vinogradov
7072:Cape Verde
6907:Sklodowska
6862:Schaeberle
6842:Rutherford
6802:Richardson
6747:Ptolemaeus
6682:Perepelkin
6597:Montevallo
6592:Molesworth
6562:Milankovic
6537:McLaughlin
6487:Magelhaens
6412:Le Verrier
6237:Hipparchus
6031:Flammarion
5964:Eberswalde
5859:Copernicus
5774:Bonneville
5754:Boeddicker
5714:Barabashov
5491:Oti Fossae
5408:labyrinthi
5321:Shalbatana
5124:Her Desher
5017:Ius Chasma
5007:Iani Chaos
4972:Eos Chasma
4922:Aram Chaos
4516:Topography
4379:Home Plate
4374:Adirondack
4334:El Capitan
4309:Rocknest 3
4279:Coronation
4114:Polar caps
4078:Lava tubes
3991:Carbonates
3911:Oxia Palus
3456:weathering
3430:Mineralogy
3378:Structural
3353:Main group
3335:Stony-iron
3137:Asteroidal
3102:Brachinite
3080:Achondrite
2900:statistics
2859:Meteorites
2822:Technology
2709:Lodders, K
2333:2024-01-22
2199:2006-09-08
1939:2021-08-18
1933:Geology In
1623:(1): 640.
1594:2021-11-15
1001:2021-12-15
975:January 3,
910:References
811:Antarctica
786:1.2 ± 0.1
680:cosmic ray
659:Elgoresyte
594:fossilized
555:mineralogy
553:that its "
533:, fell at
466:Alexandria
379:ultramafic
304:meteorites
79:Achondrite
8138:Sub-Earth
8121:Mythology
8074:Mars race
7841:Asteroids
7737:Astronomy
7708:Hesperian
7703:Amazonian
7675:Volcanism
7650:Spherules
7571:Marsquake
7526:Dichotomy
7441:by height
7436:Mountains
7236:Geography
7017:Trouvelot
6757:Quenisset
6737:Priestley
6707:Pickering
6677:Penticton
6667:Pangboche
6632:Nicholson
6567:Millochau
6457:Lomonosov
6287:Ibragimov
6222:Helmholtz
6207:Heaviside
6197:Hargraves
6121:Grindavik
6006:Escalante
5996:Endurance
5984:Endeavour
5979:Emma Dean
5974:Ejriksson
5899:Danielson
5879:Crommelin
5789:Burroughs
5769:Bonestell
5749:Bianchini
5729:Becquerel
5694:Bakhuysen
5679:Arrhenius
5659:Antoniadi
5316:Scamander
5214:Marineris
5134:Huo Hsing
5114:Harmakhis
5069:Athabasca
4967:Eos Chaos
4553:Alba Mons
4532:volcanoes
4527:Mountains
4477:Nakhlites
4347:Sojourner
4267:Curiosity
4214:Hesperian
4209:Amazonian
4144:Spherules
4021:Dichotomy
3941:Thaumasia
3651:Geography
3604:Meteoroid
3569:See also:
3499:Patterns
3466:chondrule
3435:petrology
3348:Pallasite
3240:Nakhlites
3170:Howardite
3160:Diogenite
3127:Winonaite
3117:Lodranite
3089:Primitive
3043:Kakangari
3030:Enstatite
2986:Chondrite
2895:impactite
2871:Meteorite
2691:1752-0894
2647:206544554
2631:0036-8075
2429:Space.com
2234:LPI, 2006
2035:: 46–65.
1897:2375-2548
1850:131565237
1842:1086-9379
1645:2041-1723
1552:2041-1723
1505:206553043
1381:CiteSeerX
1319:0016-7649
1249:Space.com
864:(such as
850:magnetite
827:magnetite
815:ALH 84001
791:EET 79001
694:on Mars.
685:ALH 84001
654:on Mars.
602:lifeforms
462:El-Nakhla
435:Nakhlites
429:09-000015
382:lithology
363:Sherghati
320:SNC group
312:nakhlites
288:ALH 84001
215:elemental
211:ungrouped
199:nakhlites
180:meteorite
86:Subgroups
62:EETA79001
8174:Category
8038:Advocacy
8021:Missions
7964:Concepts
7793:Transits
7764:Monolith
7713:Noachian
7685:Yardangs
7581:on Earth
7541:Glaciers
7386:"Canals"
7378:features
7376:Physical
7134:Williams
7124:Weinbaum
7094:Vishniac
7067:Victoria
7032:Trumpler
7007:Tombaugh
7002:Timbuktu
6887:Sharonov
6882:Semeykin
6797:Reynolds
6787:Renaudot
6777:Rayleigh
6712:Playfair
6702:Phillips
6687:Peridier
6657:Oudemans
6577:Miyamoto
6527:Masursky
6437:Llanesco
6432:Liu Hsin
6397:Lampland
6382:Kunowsky
6232:Herschel
6217:Heinlein
6101:Gledhill
6066:Galdakao
6051:Fournier
6021:Fesenkov
5939:Douglass
5934:Dinorwic
5894:Da Vinci
5854:Columbus
5849:Coblentz
5799:Campbell
5779:Brashear
5276:Patapsco
5104:Granicus
4761:plateaus
4700:Ascraeus
4414:Monolith
4304:Rocknest
4284:Goulburn
4258:observed
4219:Noachian
4191:Yardangs
4053:Glaciers
3978:features
3901:Memnonia
3851:Eridania
3836:Coprates
3831:Cebrenia
3806:Amenthes
3801:Amazonis
3703:Cerberus
3572:Asteroid
3551:Journals
3478:Minerals
3471:presolar
3363:Pyroxene
3250:ALH84001
3223:NWA 7034
3122:Ureilite
3070:Rumuruti
3048:Ordinary
2977:grouplet
2880:Glossary
2711:(1998).
2639:23287721
2582:12011420
2484:32301715
2410:24993389
2383:21965584
2309:40690489
1915:29806017
1713:July 30,
1663:28974682
1570:34732704
1497:24603150
1403:10850454
1190:32043880
1182:17787734
941:27 April
872:See also
778:2.4–3.0
770:3.8–4.7
671:volcanic
640:NWA 7034
610:biofilms
598:bacteria
503:crystals
489:basaltic
452:Nakhlite
386:basaltic
302:(stony)
292:NWA 7034
282:, CHA =
280:Nakhlite
278:, NAK =
219:isotopic
149:NWA 7034
99:Nakhlite
8106:Fiction
8087:Related
7981:Landing
7976:Orbiter
7935:General
7904:2007 NS
7894:1999 UJ
7884:1998 VF
7873:Trojans
7860:2007 WD
7849:Impacts
7829:Mercury
7695:History
7655:Surface
7586:on Mars
7551:Gullies
7536:Geysers
7483:Geology
7473:Gravity
7468:Valleys
7421:Gullies
7411:Craters
7401:Catenae
7396:Canyons
7351:Tharsis
7296:Cydonia
7278:Regions
7268:Methane
7258:Climate
7139:Winslow
7119:Wegener
7114:Wallace
7047:Tyndall
7037:Tugaske
7012:Tooting
6912:Slipher
6872:Schmidt
6837:Russell
6807:Ritchey
6742:Proctor
6717:Pollack
6672:Pasteur
6642:Nipigon
6637:Niesten
6572:Mitchel
6547:Mellish
6542:McMurdo
6532:Maunder
6512:Mariner
6507:Maraldi
6502:Mandora
6492:Maggini
6442:Lockyer
6402:Lassell
6387:Lambert
6367:Korolev
6347:Kinkora
6297:Janssen
6277:Huygens
6257:Huggins
6212:Heimdal
6202:Hartwig
6182:Haldane
6158:Husband
6141:Grissom
6136:Chaffee
6091:Gilbert
6061:Freedom
6046:Fontana
6026:Firsoff
6011:Eudoxus
5944:Dromore
5924:Denning
5874:Crivitz
5829:Chapais
5819:Cerulli
5809:Cassini
5784:Briault
5744:Bernard
5719:Barnard
5709:Bamberg
5704:Baltisk
5689:Bacolor
5664:Arandas
5639:Agassiz
5611:craters
5606:Catenae
5383:Warrego
5306:Sabrina
5246:Naktong
5209:Mangala
5189:MaĘĽadim
5139:Hypanis
5094:Enipeus
5084:Buvinda
5074:Auqakuh
4914:valleys
4909:Canyons
4759:Plains,
4705:Pavonis
4608:Elysium
4399:Big Joe
4395:Viking
4314:Tintina
4201:History
4149:Surface
4063:Gullies
4048:Geysers
3976:Surface
3964:Geology
3936:Tharsis
3906:Noachis
3861:Iapygia
3846:Elysium
3841:Diacria
3816:Arcadia
3773:Tharsis
3708:Cydonia
3681:Regions
3655:geology
3462:Grains
3385:Ataxite
3210:Martian
3165:Eucrite
3150:Aubrite
3145:Angrite
2934:Notable
2924:Largest
2917:hunting
2784:Portals
2725:Bibcode
2701:General
2671:Bibcode
2609:Bibcode
2601:Science
2550:Bibcode
2511:Bibcode
2476:9430583
2456:Bibcode
2448:Science
2374:4176054
2301:8688069
2281:Bibcode
2273:Science
2182:Bibcode
2103:Bibcode
2068:Bibcode
2037:Bibcode
2002:Bibcode
1967:Bibcode
1906:5966191
1877:Bibcode
1820:Bibcode
1781:Bibcode
1696:Bibcode
1654:5626741
1625:Bibcode
1561:8566585
1532:Bibcode
1475:Bibcode
1467:Science
1430:Bibcode
1373:Bibcode
1327:6815557
1299:Bibcode
1162:Bibcode
1154:Science
1127:Bibcode
1092:Bibcode
1028:Bibcode
834:fossils
543:Morocco
511:Elysium
507:Tharsis
500:olivine
425:Tooting
394:Tissint
390:olivine
347:isotope
310:(169),
249:History
8178:
8167:
7919:Comets
7814:Deimos
7809:Phobos
7771:Deimos
7754:Phobos
7458:Plains
7426:Mensae
7416:Fossae
7154:Wright
7109:Vostok
7089:Virrat
7057:Vernal
6997:Tikhov
6967:Taytay
6962:Tarsus
6947:Stoney
6942:Stokes
6932:Srīpur
6897:Sinton
6877:Secchi
6852:Saheki
6832:Rudaux
6827:Rossby
6727:Porter
6697:Pettit
6692:Persbo
6662:Palana
6622:Newton
6617:Nereus
6612:Nansen
6607:MĂĽller
6602:Moreux
6587:Mojave
6582:Mohawk
6552:Mendel
6482:Mädler
6467:Lowell
6417:Li Fan
6392:Lamont
6377:Kuiper
6357:Knobel
6352:Kipini
6342:Kepler
6337:Keeler
6332:Kaiser
6312:Jezero
6292:Inuvik
6272:Huxley
6267:Hutton
6262:Hussey
6247:Holmes
6242:Holden
6192:Halley
6177:Hadley
6163:McCool
6016:Fenagh
6001:Erebus
5919:Dejnev
5909:Davies
5904:Darwin
5814:Caxias
5794:Burton
5724:Beagle
5699:Baldet
5684:Asimov
5649:Airy-0
5399:mensae
5395:Fossae
5346:Tinjar
5311:Samara
5286:Rahway
5271:Paraná
5261:Nirgal
5251:Nanedi
5236:Mawrth
5231:Maumee
5204:Mamers
5184:Louros
5144:Iberus
5119:Hebrus
5099:Frento
5079:Bahram
5064:Asopus
4405:Other
4367:Spirit
4329:Bounce
4289:Hottah
4234:Canals
4164:Tholus
3856:Hellas
3826:Casius
3821:Argyre
3811:Arabia
3796:Aeolis
3597:shower
3592:Meteor
3546:Awards
3235:Kaidun
2890:bolide
2689:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2580:
2573:124441
2570:
2482:
2474:
2408:
2381:
2371:
2307:
2299:
2173:Icarus
1913:
1903:
1895:
1848:
1840:
1661:
1651:
1643:
1568:
1558:
1550:
1503:
1495:
1401:
1383:
1325:
1317:
1211:
1188:
1180:
665:Origin
625:Phobos
600:-like
551:et al.
539:France
496:augite
485:augite
421:Mojave
314:(20),
239:rovers
191:groups
7986:Rover
7971:Flyby
7942:Orbit
7824:Earth
7746:Moons
7680:Water
7556:Lakes
7506:Color
7356:Undae
7169:Zunil
7164:Zumba
7144:Wirtz
7129:Wells
7099:Vogel
7052:Udzha
6987:Thira
6982:Thila
6977:Terby
6957:Suzhi
6952:Suess
6937:Steno
6922:South
6917:Smith
6902:Sitka
6847:Sagan
6792:Reuyl
6767:Radau
6752:Puńsk
6732:Porth
6722:Poona
6627:Nhill
6522:Martz
6517:Marth
6472:Lyell
6462:Louth
6452:Lohse
6427:Lipik
6422:Liais
6372:Kufra
6327:Jones
6317:JezĹľa
6307:Jeans
6252:Hooke
6227:Henry
6146:White
6126:Gusev
6116:Green
6111:Graff
6081:Garni
6076:Galle
6041:Focas
5969:Eddie
5929:Dilly
5914:Dawes
5889:Curie
5884:Cruls
5869:Crewe
5864:Corby
5844:Clark
5824:Chafe
5804:Canso
5654:Aniak
5634:Adams
5404:rupes
5378:Verde
5373:Vedra
5361:Uzboi
5356:Tyras
5341:Tinia
5336:Tader
5331:Stura
5326:Simud
5301:Sabis
5296:Reull
5281:Peace
5266:Padus
5256:Niger
5241:Minio
5226:Marte
5219:Labes
5179:Licus
5174:Lethe
5169:Ladon
5164:Labou
5159:Kasei
5154:Ituxi
5149:Indus
5059:Arnus
5049:Apsus
4710:Arsia
4487:Other
4369:rover
4349:rover
4324:rover
4269:rover
4256:Rocks
4179:Water
4085:(LVF)
4073:Lakes
4031:Hagal
4001:Color
3582:Comet
3524:Lists
3446:shock
3312:IIIAB
3182:Lunar
3112:IIICD
2972:group
2963:class
2643:S2CID
2480:S2CID
2406:JSTOR
2305:S2CID
2168:(PDF)
1846:S2CID
1735:(PDF)
1684:(PDF)
1501:S2CID
1399:S2CID
1323:S2CID
1287:(PDF)
1186:S2CID
726:Age (
621:Yemen
513:, or
492:magma
470:Egypt
375:mafic
367:India
223:rocks
178:as a
176:Earth
8213:Mars
7645:Soil
7390:list
7219:Mars
7159:Yuty
7062:Very
7027:Trud
7022:Troy
6892:Sibu
6822:Ross
6782:Redi
6772:Rahe
6762:Rabe
6647:Onon
6497:Main
6477:Lyot
6362:Koga
6322:Joly
6282:Iazu
6187:Hale
6106:Gold
6096:Gill
6086:Gasa
6071:Gale
6056:Fram
5764:Bond
5739:Belz
5734:Beer
5669:Argo
5644:Airy
5291:Ravi
5199:Maja
5129:Hrad
5054:Ares
4492:List
4409:Face
4384:Mimi
4359:Yogi
4299:Link
4238:list
4139:Soil
3659:Mars
3653:and
3539:type
3433:and
3318:IIIF
3315:IIIE
3292:IIAB
3281:Iron
3200:List
2975:and
2968:clan
2959:type
2912:Find
2885:Fall
2861:and
2687:ISSN
2635:PMID
2627:ISSN
2578:PMID
2472:PMID
2379:PMID
2297:PMID
2247:2001
2146:2006
1911:PMID
1893:ISSN
1838:ISSN
1743:2006
1715:2011
1659:PMID
1641:ISSN
1566:PMID
1548:ISSN
1493:PMID
1315:ISSN
1209:ISBN
1178:PMID
1068:2013
1060:NASA
977:2013
965:NASA
943:2020
823:iron
723:Type
498:and
237:and
225:and
217:and
201:and
164:Mars
127:Mars
74:Type
47:Clan
6557:Mie
6447:Lod
6407:Lau
5759:Bok
5366:ULM
5351:Tiu
5194:Mad
5089:Dao
3657:of
3451:TKW
3325:IVB
3321:IVA
3308:IIG
3303:IIE
3299:IID
3296:IIC
3155:HED
3107:IAB
2957:By
2873:...
2733:doi
2679:doi
2617:doi
2605:339
2568:PMC
2558:doi
2519:doi
2464:doi
2452:279
2369:PMC
2361:doi
2289:doi
2277:273
2190:doi
2178:176
2111:doi
2099:266
2076:doi
2010:doi
1975:doi
1901:PMC
1885:doi
1828:doi
1789:doi
1704:doi
1649:PMC
1633:doi
1556:PMC
1540:doi
1483:doi
1471:343
1438:doi
1426:280
1391:doi
1307:doi
1295:163
1170:doi
1158:221
1135:doi
1100:doi
1036:doi
809:of
728:mya
545:or
377:to
373:of
186:.
8204::
7886:31
5406:,
5397:,
3288:IC
3063:LL
3037:EL
3034:EH
3021:CV
3018:CR
3015:CO
3012:CM
3009:CK
3005:CI
3001:CH
2998:CB
2970:,
2961:,
2741:.
2731:.
2721:33
2719:.
2715:.
2685:.
2677:.
2665:.
2641:.
2633:.
2625:.
2615:.
2603:.
2599:.
2576:.
2566:.
2556:.
2546:99
2544:.
2540:.
2517:.
2507:73
2505:.
2501:.
2478:.
2470:.
2462:.
2450:.
2427:.
2400:.
2377:.
2367:.
2357:26
2355:.
2351:.
2326:.
2303:.
2295:.
2287:.
2275:.
2209:^
2188:.
2176:.
2170:.
2132:.
2109:.
2097:.
2074:.
2064:73
2062:.
2058:.
2033:18
2031:.
2008:.
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