33:
283:
266:
In 1788, Klaproth became an unsalaried member of the Berlin
Academy of Sciences. In 1800, he became the salaried director of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He sold the apothecary and moved to the academy, where he convinced the university to build a new laboratory. Upon completion in 1802, Klaproth
470:
reported the existence of a new element common to emerald and beryl in 1798, and suggested that it be named "glucine". Klaproth confirmed the presence of a new element, and became involved in a lengthy and ongoing debate over its name by suggesting "beryllia". The element was first isolated in 1828,
251:
as manager of his business. Following Rose's death, Klaproth passed the required examinations to become senior manager. Following his marriage in 1780, he was able to buy his own establishment, the
Apotheke zum Baren. Between 1782 and 1800, Klaproth published 84 papers based on researches carried
158:. His attention to detail and refusal to ignore discrepancies in results led to improvements in the use of apparatus. He was a major figure in understanding the composition of minerals and characterizing the elements. Klaproth discovered
669:
455:
independently studied and reported on the properties of strontianite, the preparation of compounds of strontium, and their differentiation from those of barium. In
September 1793, Klaproth published on the separation of strontium from
492:
373:
from
Hungary in 1795. Klaproth suggested the name "titanium". It was later determined that menachanite and titanium were the same element, from two different minerals, and Klaproth's name was adopted.
498:
1838:
369:
from the
Menachan valley. He proposed the name "menachanite", but his discovery attracted little attention. Klaproth verified the presence of an oxide of an unknown element in the ore
329:. Klaproth analyzed a brightly-colored form of the mineral called "hyacinth" from Ceylon. He gave the new element the name zirconium based on its Persian name "zargun", gold-colored.
849:
New narratives in eighteenth-century chemistry : contributions from the First
Francis Bacon Workshop, 21–23 April 2005, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
715:
1644:"Electrochemical Researches, on the Decomposition of the Earths; With Observations in the Metals Obtained from the Alkaline Earths, and on the Amalgam Procured from Ammonia"
1853:
1208:
1702:
147:, moving in later life to the university. His shop became the second-largest apothecary in Berlin, and the most productive artisanal chemical research center in Europe.
504:
1848:
1783:
237:
514:
1843:
416:
in 1789. Mueller sent some of his mineral to
Klaproth in 1796. Klaproth isolated the new substance and confirmed the identification of the new element
255:
Beginning in 1782, he was the assessor of pharmacy for the examining board of the Ober-Collegium
Medicum. In 1787 Klaproth was appointed lecturer in
377:
Klaproth clarified the composition of numerous substances until then imperfectly known, including compounds of then newly recognised elements
1612:
619:
606:
593:
412:, an Austrian mining engineer who was examining Transylvanian gold samples. Tellurium was also discovered independently by Hungarian
252:
out in the
Apotheke's laboratory. His shop was the most productive site of artisanal chemistry investigations in Europe at that time.
1818:
443:
in
Scotland, was different from barium-based minerals. Klaproth was one of several scientists involved in the characterization of
228:. In 1759, when he was 16 years old, he apprenticed at Quedlinburg. In 1764, he became a journeyman. He trained in pharmacies at
193:
Klaproth was a member and director of the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He was recognized internationally as a member of the
1706:
1863:
1833:
1813:
1686:
1349:
993:
966:
409:
321:. On 24 September 1789 he announced his discovery to the Royal Prussian Academy of sciences in Berlin. He also discovered
916:
1434:
856:
1528:
1322:
1295:
1234:
1160:
1070:
526:
202:
801:
1858:
1574:
765:
1317:(Dover reprint of the 1970 3rd printing by Harper and Row ed.). New York: Harper and Row/Dover. p. 375.
1382:
Weeks, Mary Elvira (March 1932). "The discovery of the elements. V. Chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and uranium".
1868:
631:
302:. His appreciation of the value of quantitative methods led him to become one of the earliest adherents of the
432:
268:
1545:
509:
1206:
Klaproth, M. H. (1789). "Chemische Untersuchung des Uranits, einer neuentdeckten metallische Substanz".
401:, in a mineral from the Ural mountains. Klaproth confirmed chromium's independent status as an element.
1118:
1775:
1745:
806:
770:
467:
394:
294:
An exact and conscientious worker, Klaproth did much to improve and systematise the processes of
248:
1426:
946:
348:
1676:
1312:
1285:
1184:
1150:
844:
1339:
1097:
1060:
1488:
1224:
983:
1828:
1823:
1459:
1391:
548:
295:
155:
151:
1250:
8:
448:
1463:
1395:
1366:
472:
1419:
1099:
History of the Royal Society: From Its Institution to the End of the Eighteenth Century
1019:
813:
530:
460:, and in 1794 on the preparation of strontium oxide and strontium hydroxide. In 1808,
344:
198:
63:
1682:
1524:
1430:
1345:
1318:
1291:
1287:
Encyclopedia of the elements : technical data, history, processing, applications
1230:
1156:
1066:
989:
962:
890:
852:
747:
724:
701:
678:
655:
602:
589:
537:
615:
1655:
1586:
1467:
1399:
1126:
954:
573:
352:
333:
267:
moved the equipment from his apothecary laboratory into the new building. When the
38:
1720:
1518:
569:
552:
958:
413:
775:
452:
428:
358:
1590:
1807:
1130:
522:
476:
398:
194:
1660:
1643:
1341:
Machining difficult-to-cut materials : basic principles and challenges
881:
751:
728:
692:
461:
436:
421:
32:
894:
810:(in German), vol. 11, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 707–709
705:
682:
659:
490:
Klaproth published extensively, collecting over 200 papers by himself in
365:
in 1791, correctly concluding that he had found a new element in the ore
318:
287:
229:
214:
59:
561:
420:
in 1798. He credited Mueller as its discoverer, and suggested that the
314:
299:
225:
144:
1471:
1403:
271:
was founded in 1810 he was selected to be the professor of chemistry.
738:
646:
556:
484:
444:
440:
417:
405:
382:
378:
325:
in 1789, separating it in the form of its “earth” zirconia, oxide ZrO
322:
303:
256:
187:
183:
171:
163:
124:
1776:"Julius Klaproth. His Life and Works with Special Emphasis on Japan"
1185:"The discovery of uranium by Martin Heinrich Klaproth 200 years ago"
915:
Marshall, James L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia R. Marshall (2008).
166:(1789). He was also involved in the discovery or co-discovery of
1450:
Weeks, Mary Elvira (September 1935). "The discovery of tellurium".
390:
386:
366:
362:
179:
167:
286:
Memorial plate on the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof in Berlin, by
310:
260:
233:
159:
140:
1517:
Fontani, Marco; Costa, Mariagrazia; Orna, Mary Virginia (2014).
282:
947:"Instrumental Analytical Techniques for Archaeological Geology"
457:
370:
340:
241:
221:, and attended the Latin school at Wernigerode for four years.
218:
175:
81:
953:. Natural Science in Archaeology. Springer. pp. 207–246.
317:
but doing the majority of his research on it with the mineral
480:
1839:
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
1421:
Nature's building blocks : an A-Z guide to the elements
541:
464:
became the first to successfully isolate the pure element.
1371:(6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education.
1520:
The lost elements : the periodic table's shadow side
670:
Zeitschrift fĂĽr die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete
643:
332:
Klaproth characterised uranium and zirconium as distinct
397:
and independently discovered in 1798 by Klaproth and by
1681:(6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 117.
1155:. Vol. 3. London: Macmillan. pp. 654–658.
224:For much of his life he followed the profession of
1854:
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
1613:"Science and Celebrity: Humphry Davy's Rising Star"
845:"Apothecary-Chemists in Eighteenth-Century Germany"
644:Hoppe, G; Damaschun F; Wappler G (April 1987). "".
586:
Beiträge Zur Chemischen Kenntniss Der Mineralkörper
143:. He trained and worked for much of his life as an
109:
Discovery of uranium, zirconium, and other elements
1418:
799:
493:Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntnis der Mineralkörper
361:of Cornwall was the first to identify the element
182:(1797) and confirmed the previous discoveries of
1750:Kunth | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"
1338:Kishawy, Hossam A.; Hosseini, Sayyed Ali (2019).
247:In 1771, Klaproth returned to Berlin to work for
1849:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1805:
1546:"Thomas Charles Hope, MD, FRSE, FRS (1766–1844)"
1516:
914:
139:(1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German
1674:
1648:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1337:
525:of London in 1795, and a foreign member of the
1229:. New York: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 8–9.
1144:
1142:
1140:
508:(1807–1810), and edited a revised edition of
274:He died in Berlin on New Year's Day in 1817.
1568:
1566:
1489:"A Periodic Table of Rejected Element Names"
666:
1844:Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
1703:"Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660–2015"
1523:. Oxford University Press. pp. 79–80.
1255:Periodic Table – Royal Society of Chemistry
1182:
1176:
1572:
1512:
1510:
1148:
1137:
1020:"KLAPROTH, Martin Heinrich. (1743 - 1817)"
910:
908:
906:
904:
878:
689:
1773:
1767:
1675:Bingham, Eula; Cohrssen, Barbara (2012).
1659:
1563:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1091:
1089:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
988:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 5.
612:Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts
499:Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts
1375:
1205:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1102:. London: R. Baldwin. p. lxiv, 485.
1014:
1012:
981:
944:
588:. Vol. 1–5 . Rottmann, Berlin 1795–1810
521:Klaproth became a foreign member of the
336:, though he was unable to isolate them.
281:
1705:. London: Royal Society. Archived from
1668:
1507:
1331:
1095:
1058:
975:
938:
917:"Rediscovery of the elements: Klaproth"
901:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
637:
620:University and State Library DĂĽsseldorf
607:University and State Library DĂĽsseldorf
594:University and State Library DĂĽsseldorf
1806:
1610:
1604:
1416:
1410:
1283:
1268:
1086:
1037:
795:
793:
791:
483:rule exclusively in favor of the name
424:be named "tellus", Latin for 'earth'.
1573:Partington, J.R. (15 December 1942).
1537:
1483:
1481:
1449:
1381:
1364:
1358:
1106:
1062:Mining and selling radium and uranium
1009:
842:
667:Sepke, H; Sepke I (August 1986). "".
410:Franz-Joseph Mueller von Reichenstein
150:Klaproth was a major systematizer of
1641:
1425:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1310:
1304:
1222:
1216:
951:Techniques in Archaeological Geology
819:
735:
712:
601:. Vol. 1–9 . Voss, Berlin 1807–1819
447:compounds and minerals. Klaproth,
1314:The Development of Modern Chemistry
879:Rocchietta, S (February 1967). "".
788:
690:Rocchietta, S (February 1967). "".
339:Klaproth independently discovered
309:Klaproth was the first to discover
13:
1478:
847:. In Principe, Lawrence M. (ed.).
14:
1880:
1799:
1543:
529:in 1804. He also belonged to the
527:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
203:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
154:, and an independent inventor of
1819:Discoverers of chemical elements
1575:"The early history of strontium"
736:Dann, G E (September 1953). "".
277:
31:
1738:
1713:
1695:
1635:
1443:
1243:
1199:
625:
408:was first suggested in 1783 by
872:
1:
1452:Journal of Chemical Education
1384:Journal of Chemical Education
1368:The discovery of the elements
1024:The Mineralogical Record, Inc
851:. Springer. pp. 97–137.
781:
716:Svensk Farmaceutisk Tidskrift
1864:19th-century German chemists
1834:Fellows of the Royal Society
1814:18th-century German chemists
1344:. Springer. pp. 57–58.
1284:Enghag, Per (27 July 2004).
1065:. Springer. pp. 59–60.
632:Publication list of Klaproth
502:(1815). He also published a
435:determined that the mineral
7:
1550:The University of Edinburgh
1365:Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956).
982:Dahlkamp, Franz J. (1991).
959:10.1007/978-3-662-05163-4_7
802:"Klaproth, Martin Heinrich"
800:Dann, Georg Edmund (1977),
759:
713:Dann, G E (July 1958). "".
559:), from Central America as
10:
1885:
1754:Plants of the World Online
1617:Chemical Heritage Magazine
1290:. Wiley-VCH. p. 515.
1209:Chem. Ann. Freunde Naturl.
1149:Partington, J. R. (1962).
1059:Robison, Roger F. (2015).
393:was discovered in 1797 by
347:, around the same time as
313:, identifying it first in
306:doctrines outside France.
16:German chemist (1743–1817)
1591:10.1080/00033794200201411
555:(belonging to the family
496:(5 vols., 1795–1810) and
355:, in the winter of 1803.
208:
130:
120:
113:
105:
97:
89:
70:
45:
30:
23:
1183:Schuettmann, W. (1989).
1131:10.1063/PT.6.6.20171201a
1096:Thomson, Thomas (1812).
945:Garrison, Ervan (2003).
807:Neue Deutsche Biographie
614:. Nicolai, Berlin 1815
579:
137:Martin Heinrich Klaproth
1859:People from Wernigerode
1311:Ihde, Aaron J. (1970).
1226:The Elements: Zirconium
468:Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
395:Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
249:Valentin Rose the Elder
1661:10.1098/rstl.1808.0023
1642:Davy, Humphry (1808).
1611:Kenyon, T. K. (2008).
843:Klein, Ursula (2007).
291:
240:); Berlin (1768); and
217:. He was the son of a
1869:Rare earth scientists
1784:Japonica Humboldtiana
1774:Walravens, H (2006).
1417:Emsley, John (2003).
599:Chemisches Wörterbuch
551:published a genus of
505:Chemisches Wörterbuch
285:
238:August Hermann Brande
213:Klaproth was born in
1223:Watt, Susan (2008).
1152:History of Chemistry
985:Uranium Ore Deposits
638:Additional resources
549:Carl Sigismund Kunth
544:is named after him.
349:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
296:analytical chemistry
269:University of Berlin
156:gravimetric analysis
152:analytical chemistry
84:, Kingdom of Prussia
1721:"Klaproth H (Moon)"
1709:on 15 October 2015.
1464:1935JChEd..12..403W
1396:1932JChEd...9..459W
1125:. 1 December 2017.
515:Handbuch der Chemie
479:. Only in 1949 did
449:Thomas Charles Hope
433:William Cruickshank
1678:Patty's toxicology
547:In 1823, botanist
531:Institut de France
345:rare earth element
292:
199:Institut de France
64:Kingdom of Prussia
1725:We name the stars
1688:978-0-470-41081-3
1579:Annals of Science
1495:. 30 January 2016
1493:Compound Interest
1472:10.1021/ed012p403
1404:10.1021/ed009p459
1351:978-3-319-95966-5
1119:"Martin Klaproth"
995:978-3-662-02892-6
968:978-3-662-05163-4
766:Philip Ralshleigh
471:independently by
404:The existence of
263:Royal Artillery.
236:(1766–1768, with
134:
133:
115:Scientific career
1876:
1793:
1792:
1780:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1424:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1281:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1146:
1135:
1134:
1115:
1104:
1103:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1056:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
979:
973:
972:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
921:
912:
899:
898:
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
840:
817:
814:full text online
811:
797:
755:
732:
723:(19–20): 433–7.
709:
686:
663:
553:flowering plants
473:Friedrich Wöhler
353:Wilhelm Hisinger
77:
55:
53:
39:Ambroise Tardieu
35:
21:
20:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1673:
1669:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1571:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1515:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1415:
1411:
1380:
1376:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1282:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1221:
1217:
1204:
1200:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1147:
1138:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1094:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1057:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1000:
998:
996:
980:
976:
969:
943:
939:
929:
927:
919:
913:
902:
877:
873:
863:
861:
859:
841:
820:
798:
789:
784:
762:
640:
628:
616:Digital edition
603:Digital edition
590:Digital edition
582:
565:in his honour.
328:
280:
211:
197:in London, the
85:
79:
75:
66:
57:
56:1 December 1743
51:
49:
41:
26:
25:Martin Klaproth
17:
12:
11:
5:
1882:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1801:
1800:External links
1798:
1795:
1794:
1766:
1737:
1712:
1694:
1687:
1667:
1634:
1603:
1585:(2): 157–166.
1562:
1536:
1529:
1506:
1477:
1442:
1436:978-0198503408
1435:
1409:
1374:
1357:
1350:
1330:
1323:
1303:
1296:
1267:
1242:
1235:
1215:
1198:
1195:(10): 416–420.
1175:
1161:
1136:
1105:
1085:
1071:
1036:
1008:
994:
974:
967:
937:
900:
885:(in Italian).
871:
858:978-9048175932
857:
818:
786:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
776:William Gregor
773:
768:
761:
758:
757:
756:
733:
710:
696:(in Italian).
687:
664:
639:
636:
635:
634:
627:
624:
623:
622:
609:
596:
581:
578:
453:Richard Kirwan
429:Adair Crawford
359:William Gregor
326:
279:
276:
210:
207:
178:(1803), and
132:
131:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
111:
110:
107:
106:Known for
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
80:
78:(aged 73)
74:1 January 1817
72:
68:
67:
58:
47:
43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1881:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1790:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1770:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1671:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1532:
1530:9780199383344
1526:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1324:9780486642352
1320:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1299:
1297:9783527306664
1293:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1238:
1236:9780761426882
1232:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1212:(2): 387–403.
1211:
1210:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1164:
1162:9781349003099
1158:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:Physics Today
1120:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1092:
1090:
1074:
1072:9783319118291
1068:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
997:
991:
987:
986:
978:
970:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
925:
918:
911:
909:
907:
905:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:
875:
860:
854:
850:
846:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
815:
809:
808:
803:
796:
794:
792:
787:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
717:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:
642:
641:
633:
630:
629:
621:
617:
613:
610:
608:
604:
600:
597:
595:
591:
587:
584:
583:
577:
575:
572:was a famous
571:
566:
564:
563:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
523:Royal Society
519:
517:
516:
511:
510:F. A. C. Gren
507:
506:
501:
500:
495:
494:
488:
486:
482:
478:
477:Antoine Bussy
474:
469:
465:
463:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:, found near
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
399:Tobias Lowitz
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
330:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
289:
284:
278:Contributions
275:
272:
270:
264:
262:
258:
253:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
232:(1759–1766);
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
206:
204:
200:
196:
195:Royal Society
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
73:
69:
65:
61:
48:
44:
40:
37:Engraving by
34:
29:
22:
19:
1788:
1782:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1753:
1747:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1707:the original
1697:
1677:
1670:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1620:
1616:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1582:
1578:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:
1544:Doyle, W.P.
1539:
1519:
1497:. Retrieved
1492:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1420:
1412:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1367:
1360:
1340:
1333:
1313:
1306:
1286:
1258:. Retrieved
1254:
1245:
1225:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1166:. Retrieved
1151:
1122:
1098:
1076:. Retrieved
1061:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
999:. Retrieved
984:
977:
950:
940:
928:. Retrieved
923:
886:
882:Minerva Med.
880:
874:
862:. Retrieved
848:
812:; (
805:
771:John Hawkins
746:(9): 771–9.
743:
737:
720:
714:
697:
693:Minerva Med.
691:
677:(8): 504–6.
674:
668:
654:(4): 266–7.
651:
645:
626:Bibliography
611:
598:
585:
567:
560:
546:
535:
520:
513:
503:
497:
491:
489:
466:
462:Humphry Davy
437:strontianite
426:
414:Pál Kitaibel
403:
376:
357:
338:
331:
308:
304:Lavoisierian
293:
273:
265:
254:
246:
223:
212:
192:
186:(1798) and
162:(1789) and
149:
136:
135:
114:
76:(1817-01-01)
18:
1829:1817 deaths
1824:1743 births
1654:: 339–340.
1251:"Zirconium"
1189:Kernenergie
924:The Hexagon
889:(13): 229.
700:(13): 229.
574:orientalist
536:The crater
422:heavy metal
319:pitchblende
288:Ralf Sander
230:Quedlinburg
215:Wernigerode
101:Wernigerode
98:Citizenship
90:Nationality
60:Wernigerode
1808:Categories
1791:: 177–191.
1748:Klaprothia
1730:8 December
1623:(4): 30–35
1596:8 December
1555:8 December
1499:8 December
1458:(9): 403.
1390:(3): 459.
1260:8 December
1168:8 December
1078:8 December
1029:8 December
1001:8 December
930:8 December
864:8 December
782:References
562:Klaprothia
343:(1803), a
315:torbernite
300:mineralogy
226:apothecary
201:, and the
145:apothecary
52:1743-12-01
739:Pharmazie
647:Pharmazie
557:Loasaceae
485:beryllium
445:strontium
441:Strontian
418:tellurium
406:tellurium
383:strontium
379:tellurium
323:zirconium
257:chemistry
188:beryllium
184:tellurium
174:(1793),
172:strontium
170:(1795),
164:zirconium
125:Chemistry
1627:22 March
760:See also
752:13120350
729:13580811
568:His son
538:Klaproth
518:(1806).
427:In 1790
391:Chromium
387:chromium
367:ilmenite
363:titanium
334:elements
261:Prussian
244:(1770).
190:(1798).
180:chromium
168:titanium
1460:Bibcode
1392:Bibcode
926:: 20–24
895:5336711
706:5336711
683:3535265
660:3303064
618:by the
605:by the
592:by the
540:on the
451:, and
311:uranium
259:to the
234:Hanover
160:uranium
141:chemist
1759:22 May
1685:
1527:
1433:
1348:
1321:
1294:
1233:
1159:
1069:
992:
965:
893:
855:
750:
727:
704:
681:
658:
570:Julius
458:barium
371:rutile
341:cerium
242:Danzig
219:tailor
209:Career
176:cerium
121:Fields
93:German
82:Berlin
1779:(PDF)
920:(PDF)
580:Works
481:IUPAC
1761:2021
1732:2019
1683:ISBN
1629:2018
1598:2019
1557:2019
1525:ISBN
1501:2019
1431:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1319:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1262:2019
1231:ISBN
1170:2019
1157:ISBN
1080:2019
1067:ISBN
1031:2019
1003:2019
990:ISBN
963:ISBN
932:2019
891:PMID
866:2019
853:ISBN
748:PMID
725:PMID
702:PMID
679:PMID
656:PMID
542:Moon
475:and
431:and
385:and
351:and
298:and
71:Died
46:Born
1656:doi
1587:doi
1468:doi
1427:427
1400:doi
1127:doi
955:doi
512:'s
1810::
1789:10
1787:.
1781:.
1752:.
1723:.
1652:98
1650:.
1646:.
1621:26
1619:.
1615:.
1581:.
1577:.
1565:^
1548:.
1509:^
1491:.
1480:^
1466:.
1456:12
1454:.
1429:.
1398:.
1386:.
1270:^
1253:.
1193:32
1191:.
1187:.
1139:^
1121:.
1108:^
1088:^
1039:^
1022:.
1011:^
961:.
949:.
922:.
903:^
887:58
821:^
804:,
790:^
742:.
721:62
719:.
698:58
675:32
673:.
652:42
650:.
576:.
533:.
487:.
389:.
381:,
205:.
62:,
1763:.
1746:"
1734:.
1691:.
1664:.
1658::
1631:.
1600:.
1589::
1583:5
1559:.
1533:.
1503:.
1474:.
1470::
1462::
1439:.
1406:.
1402::
1394::
1388:9
1354:.
1327:.
1300:.
1264:.
1239:.
1172:.
1133:.
1129::
1082:.
1033:.
1005:.
971:.
957::
934:.
897:.
868:.
816:)
754:.
744:8
731:.
708:.
685:.
662:.
327:2
290:.
54:)
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
