495:
324:. It was the second-to-last jurisdiction on the Cape to undergo the process. Mashpee Wampanoag held every seat in Town Government until 1967. With European Americans moving to Mashpee in growing numbers and taking seats in town government, ultimately the Mashpee Wampanoag lost control of town government. The majority of the Tribeâs citizens live in and around Mashpee today. Many also worked on whaling and other ships that operated from Cape and other Massachusetts ports in the 19th century. They continue to identify as Mashpee Wampanoag by their common culture. Census rolls of the Tribe grew from marriages and
219:, and two Wampanoag interpreters convened a week-long meeting in Mashpee to hear from the Tribe regarding their petition (hearing the confessions) and report back to the General Court. The petition being granted, the Mashpees now governed themselves via the law of âpraying townsâ. Praying Town status afforded tribes protection of the English Crown and a greater chance to remain on their homelands. While this helped to maintain tenure in the land, these new laws also patterned English systems of justice and took away freedoms of the Wampanoag to live traditionally.
525:, which it then had under a purchase agreement. This is about 48 miles driving distance from Mashpee. They were challenged by the Pocasset Wampanoag, which was also seeking an agreement for a casino. The state said it would accept the tribe's bid for a casino at that location, as one of three the state intends to authorize. By 2014, the tribe was completing an FEIS for development of the property in Taunton, as well as property it owns in Mashpee. The latter is to be developed for administrative office needs.
55:
67:
223:
211:. In 1629, the Mashpee Wampanoag, along with eight other Wampanoag tribes, granted âIndian Titleâ to the King of England to a tract of land that would become Plymouth Colony. In 1660, Bourne assisted the tribe in codifying the territory in at least one of two deeds. Beginning in 1665, the Wampanoag, petitioned the General Court for Mashpeeâs status as a âpraying townâ, a form of government established by missionary Rev
514:. It contains a general prohibition against gaming on lands acquired into trust by federally recognized tribes after October 17, 1988, the date of the act. The tribe's attempts to gain approvals have been met with legal and government approval challenges, as it did not continuously control a reservation before this date. It had become landless because of colonial and local Massachusetts town actions against it.
1524:
451:, a Boston-based social services provider and advocacy group. On June 6, a US District Court ruling reversed the Department of Interior's ruling and ordered the DOI to maintain the reservation status of the tribe's 321 acres of land until the department issues a new decision. On February 20, 2021, the federal government decided to drop the legal battle against the Mashpee lands.
361:, they no longer were "Indians." But the Mashpee Wampanoag had experience in continuing their culture, and most of their descendants identified as Wampanoag. The federal acknowledgment petition documents were a collection of 54,000 pages before the petition was considered by the Department of Interior Office of Federal Acknowledgement.
589:
lacked authority to take tribal land into trust for the benefit of the tribe. On March 27, 2020, the Trump administration announced it would remove over 300 acres of land from the federal trust and take away the designation of "reservation." A hearing was scheduled for U.S. District Court in
Washington, D.C., on May 7, 2020.
588:
In July 2016, the U.S. district court found that the BIA had exceeded its authority, entered summary judgment for the plaintiffs, and ordered the matter remanded to the BIA. In
February 2020, the First Circuit Court of Appeals sided with the district court, maintaining that the Department of Interior
408:
During this period, there was considerable internal tension within the tribe. Tribal elders sought access to the tribal council records detailing the council's involvement in the Ring scandal, filing a complaint in
Barnstable Municipal Court. The tribal council voted to formally "shun" these members,
368:
lawsuit, suing the Town of
Mashpee for the return of ancestral homelands. The US District Court ruled that, lacking federal recognition as a tribe, the Mashpee Wampanoag people had no standing to pursue the land claim. The tribe continued to pursue federal recognition for three decades, gaining it in
281:
maintain order in their area, but otherwise subjected them to colonial government. The
Wampanoag population of the plantation declined steadily due to social disruption and infectious disease contracted from the colonists. They also suffered from continuing encroachment on their lands by the English.
416:
to the position of council chair and president. Cromwell's campaign had promised reforms. He worked to distance himself from the previous chairmen, although he had served on the tribal council for the prior six years during which the
Marshall and Abramoff scandals took place. He was among those who
384:
Marshall was removed from office by the Tribe and was a succeeded by tribal council vice-chair Shawn
Hendricks. He held the position until Marshall pleaded guilty in 2009 to federal charges of embezzling, wire fraud, mail fraud, tax evasion, and election finance law violations. Marshall had steered
1182:
On August 22, 2023, with an
Enrollment Committee quorum and full present, it was unanimously voted to implement a moratorium for all new tribal citizen applications effective September 21, 2023 with reasonable notice provided to the Tribal membership. A moratorium is a delay or a suspension of an
312:
The legislature passed laws prohibiting
European Americans from encroaching on Wampanoag land, but the state did not enforce these. The competing settlers also stole wood from the reservation. The Wampanoag held a large region, once rich in wood, fish and game, which was desired by white settlers.
423:
Meanwhile, the tribe continued to negotiate with the state to gain a license to develop a casino on its land in
Taunton. In 2013, the Mashpee tribe and the state formed a compromise that would see the group giving Massachusetts "17 percent of all casino revenue" generated. However, these payments
308:
In 1834, the state returned a certain level of self-government to the Wampanoag, although they were not completely autonomous. With the idea that emulating European-American farming would encourage assimilation, in 1842, the state broke up some of the Wampanoag communal land. It distributed 2,000
356:
for recognition. Like other "landless" tribes of the Atlantic Coast area, they encountered difficulties documenting their continuity. The recognition process required documentation of continued existence since first contact with European arrivals. In many areas, outsiders assumed that, as tribes
198:
in the 17th century. The Wampanoag also controlled a considerable amount of coastal area. They are one of the several Algonquian-speaking tribal nations in what are now considered Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The Wampanoag and English (later European Americans) have interacted and shaped each
517:
In November 2011, the Massachusetts legislature passed a law to license up to three sites, each in a separate region of the state, for gaming resort casinos and one for a slot machine parlor. The Wampanoag were given a "headstart" to develop plans for a casino in southeastern part of the state.
280:
of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, against the will of the Wampanoag. By this designation, the Crown gave the colonial district of Mashpee authority to integrate into its territory the area governed by the Mashpee Wampanoag. The colony gave the natives the "right" to elect their own officials to
202:
English colonists began to settle in and around the traditional tribal community of present-day Mashpee, Massachusetts, which was also called Marshapoag (Big Pond), and Saukatukett (South Sea) when Rev Leverech of Sandwich began preaching there in the 1630s. He was later replaced in 1658 by
568:, approved the tribe's application to take 321 acres of land into federal trust to create the Mashpee Wampanoag reservation; this included 170 acres of land the tribe already controlled in Mashpee and also gave the tribe jurisdiction over 150 newly acquired acres in Taunton.
427:
In September 2015, the Department of Interior took into trust 321 acres in Mashpee and Taunton, MA as a reservation for the Mashpee Wampanoag, who had held the land in fee simple. As reported by Casino.org, "This is a reclamation of land that was once ours," tribal chairman
347:
Beginning in the 1970s, the Mashpee Wampanoag worked to regain its political power; it sought federal recognition of its tribal status by the federal government. The Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council, Inc was incorporated in 1972 under the leadership of its first president,
473:
In 2022, in partial resolution of the architectural firm bribery case, former chair Cedric Cromwell was required to repay $ 210,000 and was sentenced to three years in prison, and David DeQuattro "was sentenced to a year of probation under home confinement."
404:
to pursue a plan to develop Indian gaming, as this seemed a route to generate revenues to help the tribe take care of its people. In 2008, Ring was indicted and convicted on federal corruption charges linked to his work for the Mashpee band.
571:
In February 2016, a group of Taunton property owners filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court against the Mashpee Wampanoag's plans to build a gaming casino on the tribe's land in Taunton. They challenged the land-into-trust deal, citing
482:
The Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council has established criteria for enrollment as a member. The tribe requires that a person be able to document descent from recognized members, must live in or near Mashpee, and be active in the tribe.
582:. The City of Taunton filed a brief in favor of the casino, as its residents had voted strongly in favor of its development, and Interior Department lawyers brought into question of Congress' original intent in making the 1934 law.
288:, the State in 1788 revoked Mashpee self-government, which European-American officials considered a failure. They appointed a committee of overseers, consisting of five European-American members, to supervise the Mashpee. When
1275:
462:
as an agent of an Indian tribal government and one count of conspiring to commit bribery. Chairman Cromwell was also indicted on four counts of extortion under color of official right and one count of conspiring to commit
381:. Marshall led the group until 2007, when it was disclosed that he had a prior conviction for rape, had lied about having a military record, and was under investigation associated with the tribe's casino lobbying efforts.
417:
voted to shun tribal members who tried to investigate. A challenge to Cromwell's election by defeated candidates, following allegations of tampering with voting and enrollment records, was filed with the Tribal Court.
309:
acres (8.1 km) of their 13,000-acre (53 km) property in allotments of 60-acre (240,000 m) parcels to heads of households, so that each family could have individual ownership for subsistence farming.
299:
preacher, helped the Mashpee Wampanoag lead a peaceful protest in 1837 against the overseers, the governor threatened a military response. Rule by the overseers resulted in the loss of additional Wampanoag lands.
1295:
1075:
1314:
313:
They envied the growing community of Mashpee. The Mashpee Indians suffered more conflicts with their white neighbors than did other more isolated or less desirable Indian settlements in the state.
827:
467:. According to the indictment, Cromwell contracted with an architecture company owned by David DeQuattro, in connection with the Wampanoag Tribeâs plans to build a resort and casino in Taunton.
1366:
349:
409:
banning these elders from the tribe for seven years. The federal government had also sought records from the tribe as part of its 2007 investigation into Abramoff and his colleagues.
802:
764:
389:. The latter was convicted of numerous charges in a much larger fraud scheme associated with Native American gaming, especially related to his representation of a Mississippi tribe.
903:
880:
672:
544:, who is working as a lobbyist to represent the casino project. Both Kerry and Delahunt received campaign contributions from the Wampanoag Tribe in transactions authorized by
857:
1255:
1292:
1580:
927:"Mashpee Wampanoag elders gather outside tribal headquarters yesterday, seeking information about the tribe's finances since Chairman Cedric Cromwell took over"
1311:
215:
and confirmed by the General Court of the colony. In May 1666, a delegation of English leaders, including Richard Bourne, John Eliot and his son, John Cotton,
929:
447:. Cedric Cromwell, the tribal chair, said this action is "unnecessary" and "cruel." "This is an existential crisis for tribes," said Jean-Luc Pierite, of the
1585:
1033:
1013:
1541:
1389:
443:
reportedly told the tribe that their reservation will be dis-established and their land taken out of trust, per an order from Secretary of the Interior
166:
In March 2024, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe had approximately 3,200 enrolled citizens. Their 170 acres in Mashpee, as well as an additional 150 acres in
1060:
397:
436:. "Tribal lands once stretched from Cape Ann to Rhode Island, and this new reservation represents only a dot on the map, but it feels really good."
1590:
1236:
545:
378:
1363:
470:
In May 2021, Brian Weeden was elected chairman of the Mashpee Wampanoagâs Tribal Council, as the youngest person ever to serve in this capacity.
596:
dropped the appeal. A December 2021 ruling from the Department of the Interior gives the Mashpee Wampanoag "substantial control" over the land.
1474:
1452:
900:
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1422:
578:(2009), a U.S. Supreme Court decision which held that the government could not take land into trust for tribes recognized after the 1934
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783:
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on Cape Cod. The colonists sold many Wampanoag men into slavery in the Caribbean, and enslaved women and children in New England.
1554:
1502:
648:
448:
145:
1216:
1112:
1408:
854:
734:
969:
1335:
749:
828:"Final Determination for Federal Acknowledgment of the Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribal Council, Inc. of Massachusetts"
1140:
507:
277:
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1099:
926:
251:
385:
tens of thousands of dollars in illegal campaign contributions to politicians through the tribe's hired lobbyist
549:
190:
are one of 69 tribes of the original Wampanoag Nation; they are the Native people encountered by the English
420:
Cromwell's administration has been hampered by a series of protests by elders over casino-related finances.
511:
1559:
1253:
Mark Arsenault, "Developers start to jockey for casino sites/Early groundwork laid in Springfield, Palmer"
1052:
258:
400:, who was elected to succeed Marshall, tribe representatives worked with Abramoff's lobbyist colleague
285:
129:
585:
Meanwhile, despite the court challenge, the Mashpee Wampanoag began development of the Taunton site.
579:
592:
A federal judge blocked Trump administration actions, a ruling the federal government appealed. The
1480:
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561:
440:
353:
227:
970:
Kevin Horridge, "Surprise Massachusetts Casino Could Result from New Mashpee Wampanoag Land Grant"
454:
On November 13, 2020, the chairman of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and a small business owner from
623:
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212:
208:
273:
meaning "water." It is named for Mashpee/Wakeby Pond, the largest fresh water pond on Cape Cod.
522:
317:
167:
141:
1550:
1546:
1194:
455:
1549:
1979-04-01, WGBY, The Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection at the
1276:"Pocasset Mashpee Wampanoags at odds over which tribe should get casino license for Taunton"
593:
235:
183:
149:
344:
helped lead a cultural revival in Mashpee and to rededicate the Old Indian Meeting House.
8:
574:
1053:"Federal Government Revoking Reservation Status for Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe's 300 Acres"
182:
Indigenous peoples have been living on Cape Cod for at least 12,000 years. The historic
617:
502:
After gaining federal recognition, the tribe lobbied the state for approval to build a
230:", built in 1684 at Mashpee, is the oldest Native American church in the United States.
89:
1117:
337:
486:
There is currently a moratorium on membership enrollment with no end date in sight.
199:
other's cultures for centuries, with marriage between the groups also taking place.
1213:
1166:
1144:
730:
Chapter: "Indians of Southern New England and Long Island, late period," p. 178ff;
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133:
112:
85:
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were tentative, and depended "on the state not licensing a casino in the region."
1448:
1370:
1318:
1299:
1259:
1220:
1201:
1018:
987:"Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe To Lose Its Reservation, U.S. Interior Secretary Orders"
933:
907:
884:
861:
806:
753:
738:
528:
By 2010, the Wampanoag Tribe's plan had agreement for financing by the Malaysian
444:
429:
413:
195:
1390:
Sean P. Murphy, "Judge promises quick decision on challenge to Taunton casino"
1076:"Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Wins Ruling in Federal Court Battle Over Sovereignty"
731:
1569:
541:
537:
529:
401:
386:
289:
216:
137:
72:
60:
1503:"Black Native Americans beginning to assert identity - the Bay State Banner"
746:
1535:
1312:"Former Congressman Bill Delahunt to Represent the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe"
358:
247:
243:
156:
392:
On May 23, 2007, the Mashpee Tribe gained formal federal recognition as a
316:
In 1870, the state, against a vote of the tribe, incorporated the Town of
222:
1034:"Trump administration revokes tribe's reservation status in 'power grab'"
1014:"Trump administration revokes tribe's reservation status in 'power grab'"
699:
261:
in Massachusetts. The town's name is an Anglicization of a Native name,
1113:"Wampanoag Tribe Leader Indicted for Bribery in Connection With Casino"
632:, professional basketball player, New York City Basketball Hall of Fame
629:
533:
365:
325:
204:
716:
The Mashpee tribe currently has approximately 3,200 enrolled citizens.
991:
506:
on their Mashpee land. Indian gaming operations are regulated by the
296:
187:
160:
1547:âPeople Of The First Light, Episode 107; The Wampanoags Of Mashpee,â
1453:"Wampanoag, who helped Pilgrims survive, win rights to tribal lands"
1237:
Associated Press, "Massachusetts: Casino Bill Passes in Both Houses"
949:
742:
608:(1999), describes the effect of 1970s land claims by the Wampanoag.
878:"Fed letter demands 8 pages of tribe's letters to Abramoff, others"
239:
673:"Mashpee Wampanoag's young leader takes reins at tumultuous time"
459:
191:
1473:
Mark Ganning and Maureen McNamara, producers (Director) (1984).
1214:"City ends deal to sell land for Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe casino"
1523:
1141:"Ex-tribal leader ordered to pay nearly $ 210K in bribery case"
635:
532:. It had gained the political support of Massachusetts Senator
503:
293:
1423:"Mashpee tribe's request to halt land order to be heard May 7"
377:
In 2000, the Mashpee Wampanoag Council was headed by chairman
498:
Location of the land holdings of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
257:
The colonists designated Mashpee on Cape Cod as the largest
521:
The tribe proposed a $ 500 million casino on land owned in
321:
238:(1675â1676), those on the mainland were resettled with the
303:
974:
Casino.org, September 21, 2015; accessed January 19, 2017
765:"WampaGate â Glenn Marshall: There is still much to tell"
174:
in 2015, establishing these parcels as reservation land.
822:
1364:"Mashpee Receive 321 Acres: First Trust Land Decision"
953:
2009 Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe Election Committee Chair
458:, were indicted on two counts of accepting or paying
955:, Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Court, January 17, 2012.
276:In 1763, the British Crown designated Mashpee as a
1348:"Former MA Congressman to Lobby for Tribal Casino"
207:Rev Richard Bourne, from the neighboring town of
1581:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1567:
140:. Recognized in 2007, they are headquartered in
328:children as they formed unions with neighbors.
246:. Other Wampanoag were forced to settle in the
170:, were taken into trust on their behalf by the
1404:
1402:
144:on Cape Cod. The other Wampanoag tribe is the
1409:Littlefield v. Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribe
855:"Cape tribe feels heat from lobbyist scandal"
732:The Seaconke Wampanoag Tribe official website
126:Mashpee Wampanoag Indian Tribal Council, Inc.
747:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head Aquinnah webpage
611:
1586:Native Americans in the American Revolution
1399:
965:
963:
961:
1562:, maintained by Plimoth Plantantion museum
1396:, July 11, 2016; accessed January 18, 2017
1336:"Wampanoag federal campaign contributions"
922:
920:
1385:
1383:
1246:
850:
848:
412:In 2009 the tribe elected council member
1446:
1293:"Sen. Kerry to support tribe land trust"
1073:
958:
951:Nellie Hicks Ramos v. Patricia Keliinui,
779:
777:
493:
221:
1591:Native American tribes in Massachusetts
1555:American Archive of Public Broadcasting
1050:
917:
816:
666:
664:
649:Native American tribes in Massachusetts
548:. Marshall was later implicated in the
540:, and former Massachusetts Congressman
304:19th-century restrictions and land loss
155:The tribe has its own health services,
1568:
1380:
984:
845:
670:
449:North American Indian Center of Boston
352:. In 1974, the Council petitioned the
146:Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
16:Native American tribe in Massachusetts
1111:Young, Colin A. (November 13, 2020).
1110:
1100:Indian Country Today February 20,2021
774:
721:
599:
1420:
1063:from the original on March 31, 2020.
661:
364:In 1976, the tribe filed a landmark
47:Regions with significant populations
1204:, National Indian Gaming Commission
784:"Former Wampanoag leader sentenced"
728:Handbook of North American Indians.
336:In the early 1900s, tribal members
13:
1051:Marcelo, Philip (March 30, 2020).
901:"Cedric Cromwell elected chairman"
489:
234:Following the Wampanoag defeat in
14:
1607:
1517:
508:National Indian Gaming Commission
1596:Barnstable County, Massachusetts
1522:
1421:Hill, Jessica (April 13, 2020).
743:Mashpee Wampanoag Nation webpage
638:, musician, writer, and educator
65:
53:
1495:
1466:
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1414:
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1341:
1328:
1305:
1285:
1269:
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1207:
1188:
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1133:
1104:
1093:
1074:Rickerts, Levi (June 6, 2020).
1067:
1044:
1026:
1006:
985:Levine, Elie (March 28, 2020).
978:
943:
894:
671:Alanez, Tonya (June 21, 2021).
566:U.S. Department of the Interior
372:
331:
871:
793:
758:
692:
550:Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal
1:
1411:, No. 16-2484 (1st Cir. 2020)
555:
477:
163:, and education departments.
512:Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
350:Russell "Fast Turtle" Peters
7:
1369:September 20, 2015, at the
1298:September 13, 2010, at the
1200:September 28, 2011, at the
906:September 29, 2011, at the
642:
259:Native American reservation
130:federally recognized tribes
101:traditional tribal religion
10:
1612:
1258:November 20, 2011, at the
1121:. State House News Service
286:American Revolutionary War
177:
883:November 4, 2008, at the
752:October 17, 2016, at the
700:"Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe"
612:Notable Mashpee Wampanoag
580:Indian Reorganization Act
536:, Massachusetts Governor
172:US Department of Interior
110:
105:
100:
95:
84:
79:
51:
46:
41:
36:
29:
1219:October 7, 2011, at the
932:October 6, 2013, at the
824:Bureau of Indian Affairs
654:
562:Bureau of Indian Affairs
441:Bureau of Indian Affairs
354:Bureau of Indian Affairs
228:Old Indian Meeting House
1576:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1536:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1529:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1338:, Campaign Money, 2006.
1317:March 17, 2011, at the
1171:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
737:April 19, 2012, at the
704:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
624:Jessie Little Doe Baird
564:, an agency within the
560:In September 2015, the
439:On March 27, 2020, the
122:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
25:Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
1560:Who are the Wampanoag?
860:July 27, 2013, at the
805:July 25, 2013, at the
523:Taunton, Massachusetts
499:
396:. Led by its chairman
250:, such as Mashpee, in
231:
168:Taunton, Massachusetts
1551:University of Georgia
1531:at Wikimedia Commons
1451:(December 31, 2021).
1375:Indian Country Today,
1195:"Indian Land Options"
826:(February 22, 2007).
604:A documentary video,
497:
456:Warwick, Rhode Island
269:meaning "large" and,
225:
106:Related ethnic groups
1542:Enrollment Ordinance
1509:. December 30, 2014.
1507:The Bay State Banner
1323:Indian Country News,
1302:, September 8, 2010.
1080:nativenewsonline.net
594:Biden administration
1447:Hedgpeth, Danawork=
1334:CampaignMoney.com,
1266:, November 18, 2011
1243:, November 15, 2011
940:September 24, 2009.
868:September 11, 2008.
800:"Marshall Timeline"
620:, author, historian
575:Carcieri v. Salazar
510:established by the
196:New Plymouth Colony
26:
1538:, official website
1483:on January 4, 2013
1377:September 18, 2015
1352:Casino Suite News,
1241:The New York Times
618:Joan Tavares Avant
600:In popular culture
500:
232:
24:
1527:Media related to
1280:Enterprise Press,
1118:WBUR-FM/WBUR News
1040:. March 31, 2020.
1022:. March 31, 2020.
914:February 2, 2009.
813:, August 25, 2007
338:Ebenezer Quippish
252:Barnstable County
236:King Philip's War
150:Martha's Vineyard
118:
117:
31:Mâseepee Wôpanâak
1603:
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1511:
1510:
1499:
1493:
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1488:
1479:. Archived from
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1438:
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1427:capecodtimes.com
1418:
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1394:The Boston Globe
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1339:
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1309:
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1264:The Boston Globe
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1227:January 19, 2011
1211:
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1145:Associated Press
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941:
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915:
898:
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891:October 9, 2007.
875:
869:
852:
843:
842:
840:
838:
832:Federal Register
820:
814:
797:
791:
788:The Boston Globe
781:
772:
771:August 26, 2007.
762:
756:
725:
719:
718:
713:
711:
706:. March 21, 2024
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
678:The Boston Globe
668:
434:The Boston Globe
342:Nelson D. Simons
134:Wampanoag people
128:) is one of two
113:Wampanoag people
71:
69:
68:
59:
57:
56:
37:Total population
27:
23:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1566:
1565:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1449:Washington Post
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1388:
1381:
1371:Wayback Machine
1362:
1358:
1354:March 11, 2011.
1346:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1319:Wayback Machine
1310:
1306:
1300:Wayback Machine
1290:
1286:
1282:April 18, 2012.
1274:
1270:
1260:Wayback Machine
1251:
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1212:
1208:
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1012:
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983:
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948:
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938:Cape Cod Times,
934:Wayback Machine
925:
918:
912:Cape Cod Times,
908:Wayback Machine
899:
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889:Cape Cod Today,
885:Wayback Machine
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866:Cape Cod Times,
862:Wayback Machine
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836:
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782:
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769:Cape Cod Times,
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492:
490:Land and casino
480:
445:David Bernhardt
430:Cedric Cromwell
414:Cedric Cromwell
398:Shawn Hendricks
375:
334:
306:
242:in present-day
180:
66:
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54:
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32:
22:
17:
12:
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248:praying towns
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73:Massachusetts
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61:United States
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28:
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1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1475:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
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1174:. Retrieved
1170:
1167:"Enrollment"
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1135:
1125:November 13,
1123:. Retrieved
1116:
1106:
1095:
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1079:
1069:
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1038:The Guardian
1037:
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1008:
996:. Retrieved
990:
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831:
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676:
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373:21st century
363:
359:multi-racial
346:
335:
332:20th century
315:
311:
307:
283:
275:
270:
266:
262:
256:
244:Rhode Island
233:
201:
181:
165:
161:court system
157:police force
154:
125:
121:
119:
21:Ethnic group
18:
1487:December 3,
1291:WPRI News,
1151:February 3,
1570:Categories
1458:January 1,
630:Sonny Dove
626:, linguist
556:Land trust
534:John Kerry
478:Membership
366:land claim
326:mixed-race
278:plantation
213:John Eliot
205:missionary
186:-speaking
184:Algonquian
124:(formerly
1183:activity.
1176:March 28,
998:March 28,
992:WBUR News
710:March 28,
465:extortion
297:Methodist
192:colonists
188:Wampanoag
90:Wampanoag
80:Languages
1367:Archived
1315:Archived
1296:Archived
1256:Archived
1217:Archived
1198:Archived
1061:Archived
930:Archived
904:Archived
881:Archived
858:Archived
837:April 2,
803:Archived
750:Archived
735:Archived
684:June 24,
643:See also
263:Mâseepee
240:Sakonnet
209:Sandwich
96:Religion
1476:Mashpee
1085:June 7,
606:Mashpee
357:became
318:Mashpee
194:of the
178:History
142:Mashpee
86:English
1432:May 5,
1147:. 2022
636:Mwalim
504:casino
460:bribes
369:2007.
294:Pequot
111:other
70:
58:
655:Notes
432:told
394:tribe
320:as a
226:The "
42:3,200
1489:2012
1460:2022
1434:2020
1178:2024
1153:2023
1127:2020
1087:2020
1000:2020
839:2020
712:2024
686:2021
340:and
322:town
292:, a
271:upee
120:The
267:mâs
148:on
136:in
132:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
