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sparked a huge priority elevation of the cancer in people's consciousness. This was because news media began to report on the risks of prostate cancer, which in turn prompted a greater public awareness about the disease and the need for screening. This ability for the media to be able to change how the public thinks and behaves has occurred on other occasions. In mid-1970s when Betty Ford and Happy
Rockefeller, wives of the then-President and then-Vice President, respectively, were both diagnosed with breast cancer. J. J. Davis states that "when risks are highlighted in the media, particularly in great detail, the extent of agenda setting is likely to be based on the degree to which a public sense of outrage and threat is provoked". When wanting to set an agenda, framing can be invaluably useful to a mass media organisation. Framing involves "taking a leadership role in the organisation of public discourse about an issue". The media is influenced by the desire for balance in coverage, and the resulting pressures can come from groups with particular political action and advocacy positions. Finnegan and Viswanath say, "groups, institutions and advocates compete to identify problems, to move them onto the public agenda, and to define the issues symbolically" (1997, p. 324).
1060:, but has far wider reach, with 3.3 billion mobile phone users at the end of 2007 to 1.3 billion internet users (source ITU). Like email on the internet, the top application on mobile is also a personal messaging service, but SMS text messaging is used by over 2.4 billion people. Practically all internet services and applications exist or have similar cousins on mobile, from search to multiplayer games to virtual worlds to blogs. Mobile has several unique benefits which many mobile media pundits claim make mobile a more powerful media than either TV or the internet, starting with mobile being permanently carried and always connected. Mobile has the best audience accuracy and is the only mass media with a built-in payment channel available to every user without any credit cards or PayPal accounts or even an age limit. Mobile is often called the 7th Mass Medium and either the fourth screen (if counting cinema, TV and PC screens) or the third screen (counting only TV and PC).
983:, too, has become a pervasive form of media. A blog is a website, usually maintained by an individual, with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or interactive media such as images or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order, with most recent posts shown on top. Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images and other graphics, and links to other blogs, web pages, and related media. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (artlog), photographs (photoblog), sketchblog, videos (vlog), music (MP3 blog) and audio (podcasting), are part of a wider network of social media.
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entertainment, because the colour and sound engaged the viewers/listeners and because it was easier for the general public to passively watch TV or listen to the radio than to actively read. In recent times, the
Internet become the latest and most popular mass medium. Information has become readily available through websites, and easily accessible through search engines. One can do many activities at the same time, such as playing games, listening to music and social networking, irrespective of location. Whilst other forms of mass media are restricted in the type of information they can offer, the internet comprises a large percentage of the
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327:) provide a common gaming experience to millions of users across the globe and convey the same messages and ideologies to all their users. Users sometimes share the experience with one another by playing online. Excluding the Internet, however, it is questionable whether players of video games are sharing a common experience when they play the game individually. It is possible to discuss in great detail the events of a video game with a friend one has never played with, because the experience is identical to each. The question, then, is whether this is a form of mass communication.
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portraying a particular set of beliefs, values and traditions (an entire way of life), as reality. That is, by portraying a certain interpretation of reality, they shape reality to be more in line with that interpretation. Mass media also play a crucial role in the spread of civil unrest activities such as anti-government demonstrations, riots and general strikes. That is, the use of radio and television receivers has made the unrest influence among cities not only by the geographic location of cities, but also by proximity within the mass media distribution networks.
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advertising in sports stadiums. Tobacco and alcohol manufacturers used billboards and other outdoor media extensively. However, in 1998, the Master
Settlement Agreement between the US and the tobacco industries prohibited the billboard advertising of cigarettes. In a 1994 Chicago-based study, Diana Hackbarth and her colleagues revealed how tobacco- and alcohol-based billboards were concentrated in poor neighbourhoods. In other urban centers, alcohol and tobacco billboards were much more concentrated in African-American neighbourhoods than in white neighbourhoods.
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gang violence and other forms of anti-social behavior has resulted in a distorted and harmful public perception of
African Americans. In his 1999 article "Mass Media and Racism", Balkaran states: "The media has played a key role in perpetuating the effects of this historical oppression and in contributing to African Americans' continuing status as second-class citizens." This has resulted in an uncertainty among white Americans as to what the genuine nature of African Americans really is. Despite the resulting
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companies, but they have recently merged to form an elite which have the power to control the narrative of stories and alter people's beliefs. In the new media-driven age we live in, marketing has more value than ever before because of the various ways it can be implemented. Advertisements can convince consumers to purchase or avoid a particular product. What a society accepts can be dictated by the amount and kind of attention the media gives it.
1008:, and personal blogs. It is a family of Web feed formats used to publish frequently updated content such as blog entries, news headlines, and podcasts. An RSS document (which is called a "feed" or "web feed" or "channel") contains either a summary of content from an associated web site or the full text. RSS makes it possible for people to keep up with web sites in an automated manner that can be piped into special programs or filtered displays.
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and men to be buff. After the attacks of 9/11, the media gave extensive coverage of the event and exposed Osama Bin Laden's guilt for the attack, information they were told by the authorities. This shaped the public opinion to support the war on terrorism, and later, the war on Iraq. A main concern is that due to this extreme power of the mass media, portraying inaccurate information could lead to an immense public concern. In his book
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682:" refers to one that is played on a device specifically designed for the use of such, while interfacing with a standard television set. A "video game" (or "videogame") has evolved into a catchall phrase that encompasses the aforementioned along with any game made for any other device, including, but not limited to, advanced calculators, mobile phones,
1237:. It may be general or special interest, most often published daily or weekly. The most important function of newspapers is to inform the public of significant events. Local newspapers inform local communities and include advertisements from local businesses and services, while national newspapers tend to focus on a theme, which can be exampled with
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result of the TV, the effect is often based on socioeconomic factors. Having a prolonged exposure to TV or movie violence might affect a viewer to the extent where they actively think community violence is a problem, or alternatively find it justifiable. The resulting belief is likely to be different depending on where people live, however.
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remained too expensive really to be called a mass-medium for at least a century after that. Newspapers developed from about 1612, with the first example in
English in 1620; but they took until the 19th century to reach a mass-audience directly. The first high-circulation newspapers arose in London in the early 1800s, such as
1655:, and were made possible by the invention of high-speed rotary steam printing presses, and railroads which allowed large-scale distribution over wide geographical areas. The increase in circulation, however, led to a decline in feedback and interactivity from the readership, making newspapers a more one-way medium.
1629:", printed in China in 868 AD, although it is clear that books were printed earlier. Movable clay type was invented in 1041 in China. However, due to the slow spread of literacy to the masses in China, and the relatively high cost of paper there, the earliest printed mass-medium was probably European
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Theorist Lance
Bennett explains that excluding a few major events in recent history, it is uncommon for a group big enough to be labeled a mass, to be watching the same news via the same medium of mass production. Bennett's critique of 21st-century mass media argues that today it is more common for a
2060:). This can directly correlate with how individuals may perceive certain groups of people, as the only media coverage a person receives can be very limited and may not reflect the whole story or situation; stories are often covered to reflect a particular perspective to target a specific demographic.
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in 1453. The invention of the printing press gave rise to some of the first forms of mass communication, by enabling the publication of books and newspapers on a scale much larger than was previously possible. The invention also transformed the way the world received printed materials, although books
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however. Paid circulation is declining in most countries, and advertising revenue, which makes up the bulk of a newspaper's income, is shifting from print to online; some commentators, nevertheless, point out that historically new media such as radio and television did not entirely supplant existing.
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is a computer-controlled game in which a video display, such as a monitor or television set, is the primary feedback device. The term "computer game" also includes games which display only text or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device. There always must
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people are influenced in how they think about issues due to the selective nature of what media groups choose for public consumption. After publicly disclosing that he had prostate cancer prior to the 2000 New York senatorial election, Rudolph
Giuliani, the mayor of New York City (aided by the media)
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have been sued in the past, the plaintiffs claiming that it was the fault of their liminal and subliminal advertising that "forced" them to purchase the product. The Barbie and Ken dolls of the 1950s are sometimes cited as the main cause for the obsession in modern-day society for women to be skinny
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Between 1985 and 2018, about 76,720 deals have been announced in the media industry. This sums up to an overall value of around US$ 5,634 billion. There have been three major waves of M&A in the mass media sector (2000, 2007 and 2015), while the most active year in terms of numbers was 2007 with
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files, karaoke, music videos, music streaming services, etc.); over $ 5 billion worth of mobile gaming; and various news, entertainment and advertising services. In Japan mobile phone books are so popular that five of the ten best-selling printed books were originally released as mobile phone books.
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and other portable devices, and today the total value of media consumed on mobile vastly exceeds that of internet content, and was worth over $ 31 billion in 2007 (source
Informa). The mobile media content includes over $ 8 billion worth of mobile music (ringing tones, ringback tones, truetones, MP3
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With the exception of the Super Bowl and national crises such as 9/11 or the invasion of Iraq, it makes little sense to talk about a mass media audience any longer, at least one defined by large numbers of people gathering around televisions and watching the same information fed from a few sources.
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which generally assumed that the development of mass communication has had a largely negative impact on modern social life, creating a kind of bland and homogeneous culture which entertains individuals without challenging them. However, interactive digital media have also been seen to challenge the
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from about 1400. Although these were produced in huge numbers, very few early examples survive, and even most known to be printed before about 1600 have not survived. The term "mass media" was coined with the creation of print media, which is notable for being the first example of mass media, as we
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Eco (2014), p. 135: "Not long ago, if you wanted to seize political power in a country, you had merely to control the army and the police. Today it is only in the most backward countries that fascist generals, in carrying out a coup d'etat, still use tanks. If a country has reached a high level of
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is confused. Interpersonal/niche communication is an exchange of information and information in a specific genre. In this form of communication, smaller groups of people are consuming news/information/opinions. In contrast, mass media in its original form is not restricted by genre and it is being
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The phrase "the media" began to be used in the 1920s. The notion of "mass media" was generally restricted to print media up until the post-Second World War, when radio, television and video were introduced. The audio-visual facilities became very popular, because they provided both information and
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Outdoor media is a form of mass media which comprises billboards, signs, placards placed inside and outside commercial buildings/objects like shops/buses, flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, skywriting, AR advertising. Many commercial advertisers use this form of mass media when
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as they offer news on finance and business related-topics. The first printed newspaper was published in 1605, and the form has thrived even in the face of competition from technologies such as radio and television. Recent developments on the
Internet are posing major threats to its business model,
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is a series of digital-media files which are distributed over the
Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and computers. The term podcast, like broadcast, can refer either to the series of content itself or to the method by which it is syndicated; the latter is also
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The Internet is quickly becoming the center of mass media. Everything is becoming accessible via the internet. Rather than picking up a newspaper, or watching the 10 o'clock news, people can log onto the internet to get the news they want, when they want it. For example, many workers listen to the
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technologies may have begun the process of making the cost of bandwidth manageable. Although a vast amount of information, imagery, and commentary (i.e. "content") has been made available, it is often difficult to determine the authenticity and reliability of information contained in web pages (in
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When the study of mass media began the media was compiled of only mass media which is a very different media system than the social media empire of the 21st-century experiences. With this in mind, there are critiques that mass media no longer exists, or at least that it does not exist in the same
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According to Stephen Balkaran, an Instructor of Political Science and African American Studies at Central Connecticut State University, mass media has played a large role in the way white Americans perceive African Americans. The media focus on African American in the contexts of crime, drug use,
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Mass media play a significant role in shaping public perceptions on a variety of important issues, both through the information that is dispensed through them, and through the interpretations they place upon this information. They also play a large role in shaping modern culture, by selecting and
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the extent to which media exposure shapes audience perceptions over time is known as cultivation. Television is a common experience, especially in places like the United States, to the point where it can be described as a "homogenising agent" (S. W. Littlejohn). However, instead of being merely a
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their reports prior to publication, adhering to each organisation's standards of accuracy, quality and style. Many news organisation claim proud traditions of holding government officials and institutions accountable to the public, while media critics have raised questions about holding the press
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in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can use the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media
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use marketing public relations to convey information about the products they manufacture or services they provide to potential customers to support their direct sales efforts. Typically, they support sales in the short and long term, establishing and burnishing the corporation's branding for a
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networks and programing, video news, sports entertainment, and other—were owned by six major companies (GE, News-Corp, Disney, Viacom, Time Warner and CBS). According to Morris Creative Group, these six companies made over $ 200 billion in revenue in 2010. More diversity is brewing among many
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relies on the Internet. Teachers can contact the entire class by sending one e-mail. They may have web pages on which students can get another copy of the class outline or assignments. Some classes have class blogs in which students are required to post weekly, with students graded on their
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games), or a combination of any of the above. Also, more esoteric devices have been used for input, e.g., the player's motion. Usually there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of the virtual universe.
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many cases, self-published). The invention of the Internet has also allowed breaking news stories to reach around the globe within minutes. This rapid growth of instantaneous, decentralised communication is often deemed likely to change mass media and its relationship to society.
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outlet is often forced to cover national and international news due to it having to cater for and be relevant for a wide demographic. As such, it has to skip over many interesting or important local stories because they simply do not interest the large majority of their viewers.
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group of people to be receiving different news stories, from completely different sources, and thus, mass media has been re-invented. As discussed above, filters would have been applied to original mass medias when the journalists decided what would or would not be printed.
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Corporations also use public relations as a vehicle to reach legislators and other politicians, seeking favorable tax, regulatory, and other treatment, and they may use public relations to portray themselves as enlightened employers, in support of human-resources recruiting
2068:, the fact that these people are undeniably American has "raised doubts about the white man's value system". This means that there is a somewhat "troubling suspicion" among some Americans that their white America is tainted by the black influence. Mass media, as well as
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industrialization the whole scene changes. The day after the fall of Khrushchev, the editors of Pravda, Izvestiia, the heads of the radio and television were replaced; the army wasn't called out. Today a country belongs to the person who controls communications."
952:"Cross-media" means the idea of distributing the same message through different media channels. A similar idea is expressed in the news industry as "convergence". Many authors understand cross-media publishing to be the ability to publish in both
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the mass media influences knowledge gaps due to factors including "the extent to which the content is appealing, the degree to which information channels are accessible and desirable, and the amount of social conflict and diversity there is in a
857:(also known simply as "the Net" or less precisely as "the Web") is a more interactive medium of mass media, and can be briefly described as "a network of networks". Specifically, it is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected
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programs are distributed over frequency bands which are highly regulated in the United States. Such regulation includes determination of the width of the bands, range, licensing, types of receivers and transmitters used, and acceptable content.
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is anyone who gained fame on the Internet, whether it be creating contenton social media sites or creating posts on blogging platforms and making a revenue through it through means such as sponsorships and advertisements. One such example is a
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of symbolic forms" – as the production of materials relies on its ability to manufacture and sell large quantities of the work; as radio stations rely on their time sold to advertisements, so too newspapers rely on their space for the same
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The history of mass media can be traced back to the days when dramas were performed in various ancient cultures. This was the first time when a form of media was "broadcast" to a wider audience. The first dated printed book known is the
1436:, including schools and universities, hospitals, and human and social service agencies, use public relations in support of awareness programs, fund-raising programs, staff recruiting, and to increase patronage of their services.
1159:, distinct from those periodicals produced by scientific, artistic, academic or special interest publishers which are subscription-only, more expensive, narrowly limited in circulation, and often have little or no advertising.
812:. Modern music videos were primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when
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Politicians use public relations to attract votes and raise money, and when successful at the ballot box, to promote and defend their service in office, with an eye to the next election or, at career's end, to their
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by their content and point of view. Alternative media are also "mass media" outlets in the sense that they use technology capable of reaching many people, even if the audience is often smaller than the mainstream.
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Developers may use publishers to reach larger or foreign markets, or to avoid focussing on marketing. Or publishers may use developers to create software to meet a market need that the publisher has identified.
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Since the 1950s, when cinema, radio and TV began to be the primary or only source of information for most of the population, these media became the central instruments of mass control. When a country reaches a
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Toward the end of the 20th century, the advent of the World Wide Web marked the first era in which most individuals could have a means of exposure on a scale comparable to that of mass media. Anyone with a
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The term "mass" suggests that the recipients of media products constitute a vast sea of passive, undifferentiated individuals. This is an image associated with some earlier critiques of "mass culture" and
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to the number of copies sold, and as volumes went up, unit costs went down, increasing profit margins further. Vast fortunes were to be made in mass media. In a democratic society, the media can serve the
606:. Films comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown in rapid succession, an illusion of motion is created. Flickering between frames is not seen because of an effect known as
347:"omprises both technical and institutional methods of production and distribution" – This is evident throughout the history of mass media, from print to the Internet, each suitable for commercial utility
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In the late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries: books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings and television. The explosion of digital
610:, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion: a psychological effect identified as
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Software publishers often license software from developers with specific limitations, such as a time limit or geographical region. The terms of licensing vary enormously, and are typically secret.
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The internet has challenged the press as an alternative source of information and opinion but has also provided a new platform for newspaper organisations to reach new audiences. According to the
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form as it once did. This original form of mass media put filters on what the general public would be exposed to in regards to "news" something that is harder to do in a society of social media.
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allowed the electronic duplication of information for the first time. Mass media had the economics of linear replication: a single work could make money. An example of Riel and Neil's theory.
1537:; (1) as the process of giving formal notice to the world of a significant intention, for example, to marry or enter bankruptcy, and; (2) as the essential precondition of being able to claim
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In common usage, the term "mass" denotes not that a given number of individuals receives the products, but rather that the products are available in principle to a plurality of recipients.
119:, and Internet-based radio and television. Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing
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in 1979 but became a mass media only in 1998 when the first downloadable ringing tones were introduced in Finland. Soon most forms of media content were introduced on mobile phones,
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in the late 20th and early 21st centuries made prominent the question: what forms of media should be classified as "mass media"? For example, it is controversial whether to include
140:; flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes); placards or kiosks placed inside and outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or
314:
While a telephone is a two-way communication device, mass media communicates to a large group. In addition, the telephone has transformed into a cell phone which is equipped with
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Film has emerged as an important art form. They entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences. Any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of
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and various other technologies built atop the general distribution network. The sixth and seventh media, Internet and mobile phones, are often referred to collectively as
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816:'s format was based on them. In the 1980s, the term "rock video" was often used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into disuse.
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is the art and science of managing communication between an organisation and its key publics to build, manage and sustain its positive image. Examples include:
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around 3,808 deals. The United States is the most prominent country in media M&A with 41 of the top 50 deals having an acquirer from the United States.
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Mass media sources, through theories like framing and agenda-setting, can affect the scope of a story as particular facts and information are highlighted (
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Powers, Shawn; el-Nawawy, Mohammed (December 2009). "Al-Jazeera English and global news networks: clash of civilizations or cross-cultural dialogue?".
1394:), because journalists often record important events, producing news articles on short deadlines. While under pressure to be first with their stories,
1895:, Matthew P. McAllister says that "a well-developed media system, informing and teaching its citizens, helps democracy move toward its ideal state".
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combines the other two theories and claims that people interact with media to create their own meanings out of the images and messages they receive.
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programs are often broadcast simultaneously with radio and television programs, but have a more limited audience. By coding signals and requiring a
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theorizes that because people usually choose what media to interact with based on what they already believe, media exerts a negligible influence.
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Video games may also be evolving into a mass medium. Video games (for example, massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as
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devices with mutually incompatible data and screen formats make it even more difficult to achieve the objective "create once, publish many".
1640:'s invention of the printing press allowed the mass production of books to sweep the nation. He printed the first book, a Latin Bible, on a
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is a large contributor to the change from mass media to a new paradigm because through social media what is mass communication and what is
1576:. In some companies, two or all three of these roles may be combined (and indeed, may reside in a single person, especially in the case of
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Mass media encompasses much more than just news, although it is sometimes misunderstood in this way. It can be used for various purposes:
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in the definition. In the early 2000s, a classification called the "seven mass media" came into use. In order of introduction, they are:
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access. A question arises whether this makes cell phones a mass medium or simply a device used to access a mass medium (the Internet).
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Contrary to some common usage, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not synonymous: the Internet is the system of interconnected
674:" refers to a game designed to be played in an establishment in which patrons pay to play on a per-use basis. A "computer game" or "
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using purely mechanical techniques, the field has advanced with the invention of electrical recording, the mass production of the
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Each mass medium has its own content types, creative artists, technicians and business models. For example, the Internet includes
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1678:, record pressing and film duplication allowed the duplication of books, newspapers and movies at low prices to huge audiences.
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that control these technologies include movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations; they often form
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1255:, where the dramatic increase in sales in a few select countries has offset falls in historically strong Asian markets such as
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476:. On the other hand, two or more organisations may share a channel and each use it during a fixed part of the day, such as the
873:(IP). It consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business and governmental networks, which together carry various
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In just one decade, between 1993 and 2004, the percentage of people who regularly watched network TV news dropped 34 percent.
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Magazines fall into two broad categories: consumer magazines and business magazines. In practice, magazines are a subset of
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Turner, Graeme (November 2016). "2015 Henry Mayer Lecture: critical media studies and the re-invention of the media".
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1476:– the activity of making information available for public view. In some cases, authors may be their own publishers.
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Sex, love & romance in the mass media: analysis & criticism of unrealistic portrayals & their influence
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were kept together in a book resembling a photo album. The first collection of records to be called an "album" was
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543:' encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. The name comes from the
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An album is a collection of related audio recordings, released together to the public, usually commercially.
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928:. The World Wide Web is accessible through the Internet, along with many other services including e-mail,
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in 1983 brought massive improvements in ruggedness and quality. The most recent developments have been in
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such as microphones, recording devices and loudspeakers. From early beginnings with the invention of the
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In 1997, J. R. Finnegan Jr. and K. Viswanath identified three main effects or functions of mass media:
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The shots seen 'round the world: The impact of the images of Mogadishu on American military operations
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is a format for syndicating news and the content of news-like sites, including major news sites like
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and emergency alerts (that can be used as political device to communicate propaganda to the public).
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is often used. In 2004, a new phenomenon occurred when a number of technologies combined to produce
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2112:, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a small number of firms.
1342:
1757:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
5611:
5596:
5440:
5391:
5314:
5214:
4892:
4778:
4773:
4476:
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4299:
4289:
4012:
3961:
3822:
3817:
2186:
2146:
1732:
1573:
1515:
1390:-oriented journalism is sometimes described as the "first rough draft of history" (attributed to
1239:
4552:
3525:
3343:
5838:
5533:
5319:
5134:
5079:
5074:
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3162:
2736:
2629:
2573:
2316:
2191:
1863:
argues that the media reflects and projects the view of a minority elite, which controls it.
1667:. Modern-day mass media includes the internet, mobile phones, blogs, podcasts and RSS feeds.
1144:
that is in advance of the date it is actually published. They are often printed in colour on
1141:
607:
70:
4768:
3517:
Peter Medlin, WNIJ, "Illinois Is the First State to Have High Schools Teach News Literacy",
2778:
2602:
5349:
5309:
5279:
5036:
4971:
4793:
4682:
4481:
4431:
4396:
4386:
4381:
3971:
3394:
Mass Media and Historical Change: Germany in International Perspective, 1400 to the Present
3358:
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018
3356:
2983:
2770:
1219:
1168:
1156:
750:
618:
340:
31:
2670:
1233:
containing news and information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called
428:. With all technological endeavours a number of technical terms and slang have developed.
8:
5823:
5359:
5299:
5058:
5020:
4818:
4803:
4627:
4602:
4106:
3792:
3706:
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2308:
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2102:
1976:, depicting a drunken Irishman lighting a powder keg and swinging a bottle. Published in
1926:
1523:
446:
3918:
2987:
2223:
741:, gave a major boost to the mass distribution of music recordings, and the invention of
364:"nformation distribution" – a "one to many" form of communication, whereby products are
5586:
5543:
5474:
5344:
5274:
5249:
5184:
5031:
4752:
4466:
4441:
4416:
4341:
4284:
4085:
4027:
3951:
3863:
3853:
3776:
3690:
3668:
3582:
3484:
3467:
3138:
3046:
3006:
2971:
2453:
2176:
2065:
1978:
1873:
1637:
1596:
1569:
1554:
663:
555:
for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms for film exist, such as
489:
403:
261:
191:
74:
4567:
3491:
2346:
5626:
5548:
5462:
5445:
5408:
5254:
5084:
5053:
4919:
4813:
4497:
4065:
3883:
3858:
3771:
3678:
3658:
3622:
3602:
3587:
3449:
3379:
3322:
3289:
3268:
3238:
3192:
3142:
3101:
3072:
3050:
3011:
2850:
2843:
2821:
2784:
2744:
2715:
2686:
2635:
2608:
2581:
2531:
2505:
2403:
2322:
2279:
1968:
1565:
1057:
870:
768:
742:
730:
544:
382:
229:
125:
5294:
2870:
2021:
1819:
1760:
361:
Its "reach to those 'far removed' in time and space, in comparison to the producers"
5631:
5591:
5571:
5538:
5467:
5425:
5339:
5194:
5179:
5154:
5129:
5089:
4939:
4798:
4783:
4622:
4314:
4111:
4080:
4033:
3976:
3941:
3913:
3888:
3832:
3766:
3612:
3597:
3304:
3130:
3038:
3001:
2991:
2181:
1415:
1316:
1252:
1215:
1186:
999:
968:
940:
has the potential to address a global audience, although serving to high levels of
866:
862:
858:
828:
813:
777:
734:
651:
552:
497:
442:
378:
222:(books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc.) from the late 15th century
4547:
3726:
2604:
Mass media unleashed: how Washington policymakers shortchanged the American public
2565:
2527:
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 201/2018
2084:
Lack of local or specific topic focus is a common criticism of mass media. A mass
1604:, which is an internet celebrity who creates content on the social media platform
5259:
5114:
4882:
4857:
4845:
4657:
4617:
4607:
4597:
4532:
4522:
4512:
4507:
4334:
4121:
3986:
3956:
3908:
3685:
3532:
3443:
3373:
3309:
3156:
2996:
2397:
2057:
2025:
1823:
1696:
1511:
1458:
1377:
1049:
710:
659:
591:
477:
365:
351:
304:
165:
80:
1027:
called podcasting. The host or author of a podcast is often called a podcaster.
5457:
5329:
5304:
5264:
5234:
5109:
4944:
4872:
4830:
4692:
4687:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4612:
4587:
4572:
4562:
4557:
4502:
3946:
3928:
3893:
3848:
3827:
3711:
3166:
1941:
1641:
1630:
894:
790:
603:
335:
Five characteristics of mass communication have been identified by sociologist
176:
2663:
412:
5817:
5606:
5379:
5369:
5284:
5174:
5169:
5159:
5144:
4966:
4825:
4642:
4637:
4577:
4537:
4517:
4446:
4391:
4279:
4219:
4017:
3996:
3592:
3568:
3474:
Mass Communications, Society, and Politics from the Empire to the Third Reich
3134:
3042:
2765:
Mass Communications, Society, and Politics from the Empire to the Third Reich
2679:""The role of feedback in assessing the news on mass media and the Internet""
2105:, the mass media of cinema, radio and TV have a key role in political power.
1887:
1882:
1634:
use the term today. This form of media started in Europe in the Middle Ages.
1626:
1561:
1519:
1326:
984:
886:
844:
832:
782:
726:
722:
611:
485:
417:
300:
237:
233:
96:
1479:
Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as
5484:
5324:
5269:
5199:
5164:
5099:
4998:
4988:
4840:
4652:
4592:
4582:
4527:
4229:
4214:
4126:
4116:
3898:
3807:
3797:
3663:
3637:
3348:
3015:
2128:
2094:
1936:
1692:
1664:
1645:
1403:
1194:
1145:
1041:
1036:
987:
is another type of blogging which consists of blogs with very short posts.
945:
929:
746:
679:
647:
501:
493:
461:
454:
450:
280:
208:
112:
37:"Popular Press" redirects here. For the publisher named Popular Press, see
1929:, the country itself "belongs to the person who controls communications".
5684:
5334:
5244:
5229:
5189:
5149:
5008:
4632:
4239:
3991:
3812:
3749:
3721:
3642:
2359:
2196:
1961:
1872:
In 2012, an article asserted that 90 percent of all mass media—including
1716:
1473:
1422:
1391:
1369:
1304:
1280:
1260:
1230:
1174:
1149:
1114:
1110:
1098:
956:
and on the web without manual conversion effort. An increasing number of
941:
909:
882:
874:
824:
797:
772:
671:
465:
464:
may broadcast several programs simultaneously, through several channels (
308:
179:
on the cover of Al-Kawakeb magazine, March 1961, an example of mass media
129:
57:
4142:
2845:
News Incorporated: Corporate Media Ownership And Its Threat To Democracy
2562:
Campbell, Cecilia. 2017. "World Press Trends 2017". Frankfurt: WAN-IFRA.
5689:
5396:
5094:
5003:
4959:
4929:
4907:
4309:
4259:
4070:
3903:
3754:
3627:
2171:
2156:
2085:
2073:
2069:
1992:
1683:
1671:
1558:
1538:
1469:
1465:
1395:
1381:
1365:
1312:
801:
714:
642:
548:
516:
481:
435:
407:
267:
241:
212:
141:
104:
92:
1952:
1944:
lampooned the assumed stupidity of black people. Detail from cover of
377:
The term "mass media" is sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for "
358:"eparate contexts between the production and reception of information"
5674:
5139:
4954:
4721:
4294:
4050:
3759:
3632:
3617:
1651:
1577:
1507:
1484:
1368:
is the discipline of collecting, analyzing, verifying and presenting
1308:
1234:
1226:
1137:
1133:
1069:
921:
848:
820:
718:
655:
622:
599:
323:
157:
133:
51:
171:
5669:
5659:
5576:
5401:
5224:
3966:
2972:"Global Civil Unrest: Contagion, Self-Organization, and Prediction"
2341:
Sashwat Yogi "Role Of Media In Social Awareness (A Review Study)."
1675:
1601:
1527:
1503:
1488:
1341:
along with light reading; since the late 20th century also through
1320:
1300:
1180:
1125:
1106:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1005:
957:
953:
937:
913:
890:
854:
786:
698:
315:
296:
274:
219:
161:
153:
100:
46:
3087:
5664:
5649:
4867:
4351:
4319:
4075:
3981:
3936:
1605:
1492:
1399:
1338:
1211:
1023:
1017:
916:
connections etc.; the Web is the contents, or the interconnected
819:
Music videos can accommodate all styles of filmmaking, including
738:
675:
521:
512:
508:
473:
469:
292:
144:. Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as
120:
116:
3537:
3422:
Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States
1946:
The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels
1670:
During the 20th century, the growth of mass media was driven by
1407:
itself accountable to the standards of professional journalism.
1380:, issues and people. Those who practice journalism are known as
5694:
5654:
4976:
4329:
4324:
3404:
Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present
3375:
History of the mass media in the United States: an encyclopedia
3281:
1449:
1330:
944:
is still relatively expensive. It is possible that the rise of
905:
595:
149:
1695:
about issues regarding government and corporate entities (see
5679:
5616:
4924:
1679:
1542:
1334:
1264:
1256:
1129:
1045:
878:
805:
760:
706:
702:
678:" refers to a game that is played on a personal computer. A "
515:. Podcasting is an asynchronous broadcast/narrowcast medium.
431:
137:
108:
107:
mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as
88:
30:"Mass Media" redirects here. For the video game company, see
2877:. Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA).
2699:
2266:. Buzzle.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011
1616:
1206:
808:
that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a
27:
Media that can reach a large audience via mass communication
5621:
2780:
Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet
1754:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1496:
1480:
1387:
1373:
1121:
980:
809:
534:
288:
255:
145:
84:
3302:
Riesman, David and Gitlin, Todd and Glazer, Nathan (1950)
2808:. Buzzle.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011
2683:
Encyclopedia of library and information science, Volume 65
2502:
Converging Media: A New Introduction to Mass Communication
2318:
Arguing for a general framework for mass media scholarship
2108:
Contemporary research demonstrates an increasing level of
1303:, both for business and social concerns. This can include
3402:
Cull, Nicholas John, David Culbert and David Welch, eds.
1720:
1534:
1487:. With the advent of digital information systems and the
1457:
demonstrates printing with a 19th-century, hand-operated
995:
925:
764:
249:
3062:
3060:
2728:
1960:
from March 1952 stereotyping women drivers. It features
1113:
containing a variety of articles, generally financed by
964:
radio through the Internet while sitting at their desk.
637:
Shopping carts for children fitted with gaming computers
449:
at individual recipients' locations, cable also enables
2776:
1193:
Special interest magazines (women's, sports, business,
245:
3371:
2101:
Since the 1950s, in the countries that have reached a
372:
83:
transmit information electronically via media such as
3057:
2797:
2656:"Concise History of the British Newspaper Since 1620"
654:
combinations (on arcade games), a keyboard and mouse/
424:
The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a
2901:"6 Corporations Control 90% Of The Media in America"
507:
When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term
3158:
Environmental Development Plan (EDP): Photovoltaics
1715:The largest deal in history was the acquisition of
1355:
689:
311:have developed into a distinct mass form of media.
2842:
2627:
2578:Radical mass media criticism: a cultural genealogy
2435:David Bordwell, Kristin Thompson, and Jeff Smith,
1491:, the scope of publishing has expanded to include
3476:(Oxford University press 2010) 448 pp, on Germany
3267:. Translated by Waever, William. San Diego: HMH.
3066:
2803:
2734:
2504:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 75.
2402:. Stanford University Press. pp. 26–28, 74.
1468:is the industry concerned with the production of
1218:, showing newspaper headlines from the day after
368:and disseminated to a great quantity of audiences
5815:
3441:
2940:
2938:
2737:"The Origins of Mass Media in the United States"
2571:
2314:
3429:Media Studies: Media History, Media and Society
3351:work. Licensed under CC BY SA 3.0 IGO (
3288:. Manchester University Press. pp. 26–27.
3285:Mass communications: a comparative introduction
3282:Lorimer, Rowland & Scannell, Patty (1994).
3028:
2928:
2926:
2840:
2098:read-only paradigm of earlier broadcast media.
2079:
1279:Political advertisements on a billboard in the
3071:. The Yale Political Quarterly. Archived from
2739:. In Wells, Allen; Hakenen, Ernest A. (eds.).
2676:
2600:
2594:
2499:
2395:
1101:on the cover for Al-Mawwid magazine, June 1972
781:, release in April 1909 as a four-disc set by
701:or mechanical re-creation or amplification of
4737:
4158:
3553:
3512:The Media: Carriers of Contagious Information
3489:
3093:
2935:
2010:The examples and perspective in this section
1808:The examples and perspective in this section
1620:Early wooden printing press, depicted in 1520
1590:
303:; and the fourth and fifth, radio and TV, as
55:
3347: This article incorporates text from a
3314:
2923:
2834:
2705:
168:can also be considered forms of mass media.
5752:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
3321:. James Lorimer & Company. p. 88.
2460:
2261:
1706:
1056:Similar to the internet, mobile is also an
381:". Mainstream media are distinguished from
5788:
4744:
4730:
4165:
4151:
3560:
3546:
2743:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10.
2607:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 1–2.
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2028:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1986:
1826:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1726:
1530:and other works dealing with information.
1267:'s print circulation grew by 89 per cent.
525:, are principal proponents of podcasting.
4172:
3005:
2995:
2767:(Oxford University Press 2010) on Germany
2576:. In Berry, David; Theobald John (eds.).
2292:
2044:Learn how and when to remove this message
1893:The Commercialization of American Culture
1842:Learn how and when to remove this message
1783:Learn how and when to remove this message
197:
2965:
2963:
2952:
2950:
2442:
2343:Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
1967:
1951:
1935:
1615:
1448:
1329:, traditionally through performances of
1274:
1205:
1092:
1080:Publishing § Industry sub-divisions
632:
411:
170:
124:transmits information via such media as
45:
3464:The Encyclopedia of American journalism
3445:Mass Media: a bibliography with indexes
3434:Graber, Doris A., and Johanna Dunaway.
3420:Folkerts, Jean and Dwight Teeter, eds.
3179:
2777:Briggs, Asa & Burke, Peter (2010).
2382:
1506:, publishing includes the development,
1263:. Most notably, between 2012 and 2016,
14:
5829:Promotion and marketing communications
5816:
4751:
3230:
3120:
2500:Pavlik, John; McIntosh, Shawn (2017).
1548:
625:that translate the original language.
392:
4725:
4146:
3541:
2969:
2960:
2947:
2932:Lorimer and Scannell (1994) pp. 26–27
2544:from the original on 13 December 2021
2495:
2493:
2255:
2209:
1004:, news-oriented community sites like
5798:
3191:(9 ed.). Pearson. p. 237.
2881:from the original on 3 November 2020
2478:from the original on 2 December 2006
1996:
1794:
1736:
3481:Encyclopedia of American Journalism
3260:
2648:
1974:The Usual Irish Way of Doing Things
1533:Publication is also important as a
1410:
975:
496:programming, with several channels
373:Mass vs. mainstream and alternative
24:
3526:The Evolution of Global Mass Media
3365:
3208:from the original on 3 August 2020
3149:
3097:The Sage Handbook of Media Studies
3067:Balkaran, Stephen (October 1999).
2710:. In Valdivia, Angharad N. (ed.).
2490:
1972:American political cartoon titled
1120:Magazines are typically published
397:
330:
25:
5850:
3567:
3505:
3406:(2003) 479 pp; worldwide coverage
2370:from the original on 27 June 2013
2230:from the original on 7 April 2020
2072:, tend to reinforce or introduce
1723:Inc. for US$ 164,746.86 million.
1518:of newspapers, magazines, books,
1166:General interest magazines (e.g.
838:
763:originated from the fact that 78
737:in the 1960s, followed by Sony's
5797:
5787:
5778:
5777:
5766:
5387:Free-space optical communication
4706:
4705:
4360:
4056:Concentration of media ownership
3436:Mass media and American politics
3342:
2714:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 102.
2634:. Psychology Press. p. 69.
2580:. Black Rose Books. p. 41.
2574:"In Pursuit of Socialized Press"
2110:concentration of media ownership
2001:
1799:
1741:
1701:concentration of media ownership
1356:Professions involving mass media
1270:
1162:Magazines can be classified as:
695:Sound recording and reproduction
690:Audio recording and reproduction
658:combination (computer games), a
73:that reach a large audience via
4225:Computer-mediated communication
3372:Blanchard, Margaret A. (1998).
3264:Travels in Hyperreality: Essays
3224:
3182:"The Political Economy of News"
3173:
3114:
3022:
2893:
2863:
2757:
2556:
2518:
2429:
2264:"Different Types of Mass Media"
2167:History of newspaper publishing
2103:high level of industrialisation
1927:high level of industrialisation
3254:
3189:News: The Politics of Illusion
3161:. Department of Energy. 1977.
2970:Braha, Dan (31 October 2012).
2907:. 15 June 2012. Archived from
2450:"Recording Technology History"
2424:glossary of broadcasting terms
2416:
2352:
2335:
2242:
1063:
889:transfer, and the interlinked
628:
69:include the diverse arrays of
13:
1:
3498:Institute of European History
3415:Rhetoric & Public Affairs
3123:Media International Australia
2841:Elliot D. Cohen, ed. (2005).
2708:"Approaches to Media History"
2530:. UNESCO. 2018. p. 202.
1886:describes how companies like
1703:to be a threat to democracy.
1455:International Printing Museum
1444:
1360:
39:University of Wisconsin Press
5773:Telecommunication portal
5554:Telecommunications equipment
4897:
4347:Text and conversation theory
3353:license statement/permission
2997:10.1371/journal.pone.0048596
2712:A companion to media studies
2305:online version November 2010
2115:
2080:Ethical issues and criticism
1349:Public service announcements
1201:
990:
932:and others described below.
598:, or by creating them using
551:), historically the primary
252:) from the late 19th century
7:
5290:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
3094:Downing, John, ed. (2004).
2783:. Polity Press. p. 1.
2628:Galician, Mary-Lou (2004).
2139:
2133:interpersonal communication
2024:, discuss the issue on the
1917:Cultivation of Perceptions:
1822:, discuss the issue on the
1291:
1088:
893:and other documents of the
709:. This involves the use of
62:), an example of mass media
10:
5855:
4994:Telecommunications history
3396:(Berghahn, 2015). 212 pp.
3336:
2735:Pace, Geoffrey L. (1997).
2685:. CRC Press. p. 210.
1990:
1730:
1611:
1591:Internet-based professions
1545:must have been published.
1077:
1067:
1034:
1015:
1011:
842:
532:
401:
36:
29:
5761:
5703:
5640:
5602:Public Switched Telephone
5562:
5526:
5483:
5424:
5414:telecommunication circuit
5375:Fiber-optic communication
5358:
5120:Francis Blake (telephone)
5067:
4915:Optical telecommunication
4759:
4701:
4490:
4369:
4358:
4198:
4180:
4099:
4043:
4005:
3927:
3876:
3841:
3785:
3742:
3735:
3699:
3651:
3575:
3442:Martin, James B. (2002).
3409:Dauber, Cori Elizabeth. "
3031:Media, War & Conflict
2826:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2572:Splichal, Slavko (2006).
2437:Film art: An introduction
2315:Potter, W. James (2008).
2301:Oxford English Dictionary
2284:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2152:Digital rights management
1453:A member of staff at the
1030:
650:, usually in the form of
5513:Orbital angular-momentum
4950:Satellite communications
4789:Communications satellite
4305:Nonviolent communication
4235:History of communication
4132:Society of the Spectacle
3531:20 February 2023 at the
3479:Vaughn, Stephen L., ed.
3318:The mass media in Canada
3135:10.1177/1329878x16659549
3043:10.1177/1750635209345185
2741:Mass media & society
2681:. In Kent, Allen (ed.).
2360:"All the world's a game"
2203:
2136:consumed by the masses.
1956:A magazine feature from
1707:Mergers and acquisitions
1343:video and computer games
1117:or purchase by readers.
594:people and objects with
519:and his associates, the
416:A family listening to a
205:communication technology
184:Mass media organisations
5392:Molecular communication
5215:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
5044:Undersea telegraph line
4779:Cable protection system
4300:Nonverbal communication
4290:Models of communication
4013:Influence of mass media
3818:Narcotizing dysfunction
3355:). Text taken from
3310:preview at google books
3231:Turner, Graeme (2015).
3180:Bennett, Lance (2011).
3069:"Mass Media and Racism"
2871:"M&A by Industries"
2806:"History of Mass Media"
2804:Bhattacharyya, Ajanta.
2677:Newhagen, J.E. (1999).
2601:Ramey, Carl R. (2007).
2399:The Media and Modernity
2396:Thompson, John (1995).
2187:Media-system dependency
2147:Commercial broadcasting
2076:to the general public.
1987:Racism and stereotyping
1733:Influence of mass media
1727:Influence and sociology
1663:through such things as
1541:; that is, the alleged
1434:Nonprofit organisations
1426:strong, ongoing market.
1240:The Wall Street Journal
1148:, and are bound with a
793:15 in modern currency.
733:. The invention of the
528:
164:. Event organising and
5534:Communication protocol
5320:Charles Sumner Tainter
5135:Walter Houser Brattain
5080:Edwin Howard Armstrong
4888:Information revolution
3674:Freedom of information
3519:National Public Radio,
3490:Wilke, Jürgen (2011).
3361:, 202, UNESCO.
3261:Eco, Umberto (2014) .
3234:Re-Inventing the Media
1983:
1965:
1949:
1855:Limited-effects theory
1763:by rewriting it in an
1661:sum of human knowledge
1621:
1462:
1398:organisations usually
1284:
1222:
1102:
877:and services, such as
638:
590:Films are produced by
421:
198:Issues with definition
180:
63:
56:
5508:Polarization-division
5240:Narinder Singh Kapany
5205:Erna Schneider Hoover
5125:Jagadish Chandra Bose
5105:Alexander Graham Bell
4836:online video platform
4452:Mediated cross-border
4174:Communication studies
4061:Exploitation of women
3315:Vipond, Mary (2000).
3100:. Sage. p. 296.
2905:Morris Creative Group
2706:Nerone, John (2006).
2192:Mediatization (media)
1991:Further information:
1971:
1955:
1939:
1861:Class-dominant theory
1699:). Some consider the
1619:
1452:
1278:
1209:
1096:
831:, and non-narrative,
785:. It retailed for 16
751:digital audio players
670:In common usage, an "
646:also be some sort of
636:
608:persistence of vision
415:
174:
91:, recorded music, or
49:
5350:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5310:Almon Brown Strowger
5280:Charles Grafton Page
4935:Prepaid mobile phone
4863:Electrical telegraph
4387:Communication theory
4382:Communication design
3462:Paneth, Donald, ed.
3378:. Fitzroy Dearborn.
2849:. Prometheus Books.
2472:www.terramedia.co.uk
2366:. 10 December 2011.
2321:. Sage. p. 32.
2022:improve this section
2012:may not represent a
1820:improve this section
1810:may not represent a
1253:Asia and the Pacific
583:and, most commonly,
453:-based channels and
341:Cambridge University
188:mass media companies
175:Egyptian movie star
32:Mass Media (company)
5834:Main topic articles
5300:Johann Philipp Reis
5059:Wireless revolution
5021:The Telephone Cases
4878:Hydraulic telegraph
4107:Advanced capitalism
3793:Cult of personality
3707:Advanced capitalism
3424:(5th Edition, 2008)
3417:4.4 (2001): 653–687
3075:on 24 November 2011
2988:2012PLoSO...748596B
2944:Vipond (2000) p. 88
2468:"Chronomedia: 1909"
2439:(McGraw-Hill, 1993.
2345:1.1 (2013): 71–73,
2162:Internet censorship
1549:Software publishing
1249:World Trends Report
1044:were introduced in
869:using the standard
447:cable converter box
393:Forms of mass media
192:media conglomerates
5498:Frequency-division
5475:Telephone exchange
5345:Charles Wheatstone
5275:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
5250:Innocenzo Manzetti
5185:Reginald Fessenden
4920:Optical telegraphy
4753:Telecommunications
4417:Discourse analysis
4342:Telecommunications
4285:Meta-communication
4028:Semiotic democracy
3952:Civil disobedience
3864:Media manipulation
3854:Crowd manipulation
3777:Tabloid journalism
3691:Media transparency
3669:Media independence
3583:24-hour news cycle
3427:Fourie, Pieter J.
2911:on 6 December 2019
2875:N&A Statistics
2666:on 3 October 2008.
2252:(1950) ch. 2 p. 50
2177:Media echo chamber
1984:
1966:
1950:
1903:The Knowledge Gap:
1867:Culturalist theory
1765:encyclopedic style
1752:is written like a
1638:Johannes Gutenberg
1622:
1597:internet celebrity
1555:software publisher
1463:
1285:
1223:
1103:
800:(also promo) is a
639:
492:may also transmit
490:digital television
422:
404:Radio broadcasting
307:. Some argue that
230:gramophone records
181:
75:mass communication
64:
5811:
5810:
5549:Store and forward
5544:Data transmission
5458:Network switching
5409:Transmission line
5255:Guglielmo Marconi
5220:Internet pioneers
5085:Mohamed M. Atalla
5054:Whistled language
4719:
4718:
4140:
4139:
4066:Freedom of speech
3884:Theodor W. Adorno
3872:
3871:
3859:Managing the news
3679:Freedom of speech
3659:Media development
3623:News broadcasting
3603:Independent media
3588:Alternative media
3455:978-1-59033-262-7
3385:978-1-57958-012-4
3328:978-1-55028-714-1
3295:978-0-7190-3946-1
3274:978-0-547-54596-7
3244:978-1-317-38147-1
3198:978-0-205-08241-4
3107:978-0-7619-2169-1
2790:978-0-7456-4495-0
2750:978-1-56750-288-6
2721:978-1-4051-4174-1
2692:978-0-8247-2065-0
2641:978-0-8058-4832-8
2614:978-0-7425-5570-9
2587:978-1-55164-246-8
2537:978-92-3-100242-7
2511:978-0-19-027151-0
2456:on 12 March 2010.
2409:978-0-8047-2679-5
2328:978-1-4129-6471-5
2262:Manohar, Uttara.
2054:
2053:
2046:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1566:software industry
1261:Republic of Korea
1142:date on the cover
1058:interactive media
902:computer networks
871:Internet Protocol
859:computer networks
743:digital recording
565:the silver screen
545:photographic film
383:alternative media
126:augmented reality
16:(Redirected from
5846:
5801:
5800:
5791:
5790:
5781:
5780:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5642:Notable networks
5632:Wireless network
5572:Cellular network
5564:Types of network
5539:Computer network
5426:Network topology
5340:Thomas A. Watson
5195:Oliver Heaviside
5180:Philo Farnsworth
5155:Daniel Davis Jr.
5130:Charles Bourseul
5090:John Logie Baird
4799:Data compression
4794:Computer network
4746:
4739:
4732:
4723:
4722:
4709:
4708:
4364:
4315:Public relations
4210:Biocommunication
4167:
4160:
4153:
4144:
4143:
4112:Culture industry
4081:Social influence
4034:The Lonely Crowd
3977:Political satire
3942:Call-out culture
3919:Jacques Rancière
3914:Marshall McLuhan
3889:Jean Baudrillard
3833:Viral phenomenon
3767:Public relations
3740:
3739:
3613:Mainstream media
3598:Electronic media
3562:
3555:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3501:
3459:
3438:(CQ Press, 2017)
3389:
3346:
3332:
3305:The Lonely Crowd
3299:
3278:
3249:
3248:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3207:
3186:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3009:
2999:
2967:
2958:
2954:
2945:
2942:
2933:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2848:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2825:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2774:
2768:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2662:. Archived from
2652:
2646:
2645:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2452:. Archived from
2446:
2440:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2393:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2356:
2350:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2220:
2182:Media regulation
2049:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1880:The documentary
1847:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1416:Public relations
1411:Public relations
1317:public relations
1216:Washington, D.C.
1187:The Sunday Times
1109:is a periodical
976:Blogs (web logs)
969:education system
867:packet switching
814:Music Television
778:Nutcracker Suite
735:compact cassette
725:followed by the
563:and "picture"),
443:Cable television
379:mainstream media
61:
21:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5843:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5767:
5765:
5757:
5699:
5636:
5558:
5522:
5479:
5428:
5420:
5361:
5354:
5260:Robert Metcalfe
5115:Tim Berners-Lee
5063:
4883:Information Age
4755:
4750:
4720:
4715:
4697:
4486:
4365:
4356:
4203:
4201:
4194:
4176:
4171:
4141:
4136:
4122:Media franchise
4095:
4039:
4001:
3957:Culture jamming
3923:
3909:Walter Lippmann
3868:
3837:
3781:
3731:
3695:
3686:Media pluralism
3647:
3571:
3566:
3533:Wayback Machine
3508:
3456:
3386:
3368:
3366:Further reading
3339:
3329:
3296:
3275:
3257:
3252:
3245:
3229:
3225:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3092:
3088:
3078:
3076:
3065:
3058:
3027:
3023:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2839:
2835:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2809:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2775:
2771:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2675:
2671:
2660:British Library
2654:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2538:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2498:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2394:
2383:
2373:
2371:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2313:
2309:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2142:
2118:
2082:
2058:media influence
2050:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2019:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1979:Harper's Weekly
1910:Agenda Setting:
1874:radio broadcast
1848:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1817:
1804:
1800:
1789:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1761:help improve it
1758:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1709:
1697:Media influence
1614:
1593:
1551:
1459:Columbian press
1447:
1413:
1363:
1358:
1294:
1273:
1210:A panel in the
1204:
1091:
1086:
1076:
1068:Main articles:
1066:
1039:
1033:
1020:
1014:
993:
978:
972:contributions.
851:
841:
721:, the magnetic
711:audio equipment
692:
652:button/joystick
631:
604:special effects
557:motion pictures
537:
531:
478:Cartoon Network
468:), for example
460:A broadcasting
410:
402:Main articles:
400:
398:Broadcast media
395:
375:
352:commodification
333:
331:Characteristics
305:broadcast media
283:from about 2000
277:from about 1990
270:from about 1950
264:from about 1910
258:from about 1900
200:
166:public speaking
99:comprises both
81:Broadcast media
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Media companies
15:
12:
11:
5:
5852:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5795:
5785:
5775:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5713:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5493:Space-division
5489:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5443:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5372:
5366:
5364:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5330:Camille Tissot
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5305:Claude Shannon
5302:
5297:
5295:Tivadar Puskás
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5265:Antonio Meucci
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5235:Charles K. Kao
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5210:Harold Hopkins
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5110:Emile Berliner
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5049:Videotelephony
5046:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5024:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4952:
4947:
4945:Radiotelephone
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4831:Internet video
4823:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:Organizational
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4407:Cross-cultural
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Intrapersonal
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:Cancel culture
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3929:Counterculture
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Edward Bernays
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3849:Catch and kill
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3828:Sensationalism
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3717:Bipartisanship
3714:
3712:American Dream
3709:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3649:
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3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3521:12 August 2021
3514:
3507:
3506:External links
3504:
3503:
3502:
3487:
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3470:
3460:
3454:
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3407:
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3392:Bösch, Frank.
3390:
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3129:(1): 101–108.
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3037:(3): 263–284.
3021:
2982:(10): e48596.
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2299:"Mass media".
2291:
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2226:. eNotes.com.
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2016:of the subject
2014:worldwide view
2009:
2007:
2000:
1988:
1985:
1942:minstrel shows
1922:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1850:
1849:
1814:of the subject
1812:worldwide view
1807:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1790:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1731:Main article:
1728:
1725:
1708:
1705:
1642:printing press
1631:popular prints
1613:
1610:
1592:
1589:
1550:
1547:
1520:literary works
1499:and the like.
1446:
1443:
1442:
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1437:
1431:
1427:
1412:
1409:
1374:current events
1362:
1359:
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1323:communication.
1293:
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1090:
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1065:
1062:
1035:Main article:
1032:
1029:
1016:Main article:
1013:
1010:
992:
989:
977:
974:
895:World Wide Web
861:that transmit
840:
839:Internet media
837:
691:
688:
630:
627:
602:techniques or
533:Main article:
530:
527:
399:
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374:
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362:
359:
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350:Involves the "
348:
332:
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285:
284:
278:
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234:magnetic tapes
223:
199:
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177:Salah Zulfikar
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5851:
5840:
5839:Communication
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5804:
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5709:
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5608:
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5555:
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5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5518:Code-division
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5503:Time-division
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:and switching
5427:
5423:
5415:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5380:optical fiber
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5370:Coaxial cable
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5357:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5285:Radia Perlman
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
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5231:
5228:
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5218:
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5208:
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5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:Lee de Forest
5173:
5171:
5170:Thomas Edison
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:Donald Davies
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5145:Claude Chappe
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
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5018:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4989:Smoke signals
4987:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4967:Semiconductor
4965:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
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4938:
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4909:
4906:
4905:
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4899:
4896:
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4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4826:Digital media
4824:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4795:
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4777:
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4772:
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4489:
4483:
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4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:Media studies
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4437:International
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Environmental
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:Developmental
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:Communicology
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4280:Media ecology
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:Interpersonal
4248:
4246:
4245:Intercultural
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4220:Communication
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4168:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:Mediatization
4021:
4019:
4018:Media studies
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3997:Strike action
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3962:Demonstration
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3727:Pensée unique
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:Digital media
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3569:Media culture
3563:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3472:Ross, Corey.
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3398:online review
3395:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3246:
3240:
3237:. Routledge.
3236:
3235:
3227:
3220:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3090:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2964:
2953:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2858:
2856:1-59102-232-0
2852:
2847:
2846:
2837:
2829:
2823:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2752:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2694:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2559:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2494:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2419:
2411:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2369:
2365:
2364:The Economist
2361:
2355:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2066:racial divide
2061:
2059:
2048:
2045:
2037:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:as the model.
1963:
1959:
1958:Beauty Parade
1954:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1883:Super Size Me
1878:
1875:
1870:
1868:
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1806:
1797:
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1776:
1773:February 2013
1766:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1750:This section
1748:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1713:
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1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
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1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
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1042:Mobile phones
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868:
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845:Digital media
836:
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833:abstract film
830:
829:documentaries
826:
822:
817:
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799:
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792:
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783:Odeon Records
780:
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728:
727:tape recorder
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723:wire recorder
720:
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624:
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613:
612:beta movement
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582:
578:
577:picture shows
574:
570:
566:
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547:(also called
546:
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483:
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418:crystal radio
414:
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387:
384:
380:
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366:mass-produced
363:
360:
357:
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346:
345:
344:
342:
338:
337:John Thompson
328:
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319:
317:
312:
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302:
301:digital media
298:
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290:
282:
281:Mobile phones
279:
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209:mobile phones
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5485:Multiplexing
5360:Transmission
5325:Nikola Tesla
5315:Henry Sutton
5270:Samuel Morse
5200:Robert Hooke
5165:Amos Dolbear
5100:John Bardeen
5019:
4999:Telautograph
4903:Mobile phone
4858:Edholm's law
4841:social media
4774:Broadcasting
4264:
4230:Conversation
4215:Broadcasting
4127:Post-Fordism
4117:Mass society
4086:Transparency
4032:
3899:Noam Chomsky
3877:Philosophers
3823:Recuperation
3808:Media circus
3798:Dumbing down
3664:Media policy
3638:Social media
3607:
3518:
3493:Media Genres
3492:
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3473:
3463:
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3349:free content
3317:
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3188:
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3073:the original
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2909:the original
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2874:
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2799:
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2763:Corey Ross,
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2257:
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2224:"Mass Media"
2129:Social media
2127:
2123:
2119:
2107:
2100:
2095:mass society
2091:
2083:
2062:
2055:
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2031:
2011:
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1973:
1957:
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1931:
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1779:
1770:
1751:
1714:
1710:
1688:proportional
1669:
1665:Google Books
1657:
1650:
1646:movable type
1636:
1623:
1594:
1585:
1582:
1568:between the
1552:
1532:
1516:distribution
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1478:
1464:
1423:Corporations
1414:
1386:
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1224:
1195:scuba diving
1185:
1179:
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1146:coated paper
1119:
1104:
1055:
1040:
1037:Mobile media
1021:
1000:
994:
979:
966:
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951:
946:peer-to-peer
934:
930:file sharing
920:, linked by
917:
904:, linked by
901:
899:
852:
818:
795:
776:
769:disc records
761:record album
758:
755:
747:compact disc
729:, the vinyl
693:
680:Console game
669:
648:input device
640:
616:
589:
584:
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568:
564:
560:
556:
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538:
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506:
462:organisation
459:
455:pay-per-view
451:subscription
441:
430:
423:
420:in the 1920s
388:
376:
334:
322:
320:
313:
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201:
187:
183:
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113:social media
79:
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5685:NPL network
5397:Radio waves
5335:Alfred Vail
5245:Hedy Lamarr
5230:Dawon Kahng
5190:Elisha Gray
5150:Yogen Dalal
5075:Nasir Ahmed
5009:Teleprinter
4873:Heliographs
4377:Closed-loop
4240:Information
4202:terminology
4006:In academia
3992:Review bomb
3813:Media event
3750:Advertising
3722:Consumerism
3643:State media
3255:Works cited
3079:28 November
2915:21 November
2812:26 November
2482:15 November
2270:26 November
2197:State media
2074:stereotypes
1962:Bettie Page
1906:community".
1717:Time Warner
1574:distributor
1474:information
1392:Phil Graham
1382:journalists
1370:information
1305:advertising
1281:Netherlands
1231:publication
1175:India Today
1157:periodicals
1115:advertising
1111:publication
1099:Mervat Amin
1064:Print media
942:web traffic
910:fibre-optic
883:online chat
875:information
825:live-action
798:music video
773:Tchaikovsky
767:phonograph
705:, often as
672:arcade game
629:Video games
494:multiplexed
466:frequencies
309:video games
213:video games
130:advertising
58:El Universo
5824:Mass media
5818:Categories
5731:Antarctica
5690:Toasternet
5612:Television
5095:Paul Baran
5027:Television
5011:(teletype)
5004:Telegraphy
4982:transistor
4960:Phryctoria
4930:Photophone
4908:Smartphone
4898:Mass media
4693:Wertheimer
4573:Horkheimer
4310:Propaganda
4265:Mass media
4260:Journalism
4200:Topics and
4071:Media bias
3972:Occupation
3904:Guy Debord
3786:Techniques
3755:Propaganda
3652:Principles
3628:News media
3608:Mass media
3212:17 January
2172:Media bias
2157:Journalism
2086:news media
2070:propaganda
2034:March 2015
1993:Stereotype
1888:McDonald's
1832:March 2015
1693:electorate
1684:television
1672:technology
1559:publishing
1539:defamation
1512:production
1485:newspapers
1470:literature
1466:Publishing
1445:Publishing
1396:news media
1372:regarding
1366:Journalism
1361:Journalism
1313:propaganda
1150:soft cover
1078:See also:
922:hyperlinks
843:See also:
802:short film
715:phonograph
699:electrical
660:controller
643:video game
573:the cinema
569:photoplays
549:film stock
539:The term '
517:Adam Curry
513:podcasting
509:webcasting
498:compressed
482:Adult Swim
457:services.
436:television
408:Television
268:Television
242:cartridges
226:Recordings
158:newspapers
142:skywriting
134:billboards
93:television
67:Mass media
50:Copy of a
5715:Americas
5704:Locations
5675:Internet2
5436:Bandwidth
5140:Vint Cerf
5037:streaming
5015:Telephone
4955:Semaphore
4846:streaming
4477:Technical
4462:Political
4370:Subfields
4295:New media
4051:Anonymity
3760:Fake news
3736:Deception
3633:Old media
3618:New media
3143:151648889
3051:144850273
2116:Criticism
2026:talk page
1824:talk page
1652:The Times
1578:shareware
1570:developer
1508:marketing
1430:programs.
1404:proofread
1321:political
1309:marketing
1235:newsprint
1227:newspaper
1202:Newspaper
1169:Frontline
1140:, with a
1138:quarterly
1134:bimonthly
1070:Newspaper
991:RSS feeds
967:Even the
918:documents
891:web pages
849:New media
821:animation
787:shillings
759:The term
731:LP record
719:78 record
656:trackball
623:subtitles
600:animation
592:recording
559:(or just
500:into one
324:RuneScape
297:web sites
238:cassettes
162:pamphlets
154:magazines
52:newspaper
5783:Category
5670:Internet
5660:CYCLADES
5577:Ethernet
5527:Concepts
5451:terminal
5402:wireless
5225:Bob Kahn
5068:Pioneers
4893:Internet
4784:Cable TV
4711:Category
4663:Richards
4588:Jakobson
4568:Habermas
4523:Castells
4513:Benjamin
4491:Scholars
4100:Synonyms
4091:Violence
3967:Graffiti
3700:Ideology
3529:Archived
3448:. Nova.
3203:Archived
3167:87571696
3163:ProQuest
3016:23119067
2976:PLOS ONE
2879:Archived
2822:cite web
2542:Archived
2476:Archived
2368:Archived
2280:cite web
2248:Riesman
2228:Archived
2140:See also
2020:You may
1818:You may
1676:printing
1602:YouTuber
1572:and the
1528:software
1504:business
1493:websites
1489:Internet
1339:TV shows
1301:Advocacy
1292:Purposes
1259:and the
1181:The Week
1126:biweekly
1107:magazine
1097:Actress
1089:Magazine
1084:Printing
1074:Magazine
1006:Slashdot
981:Blogging
958:wireless
938:web site
914:wireless
912:cables,
855:Internet
745:and the
561:pictures
502:ensemble
426:schedule
316:Internet
293:podcasts
275:Internet
121:QR codes
117:websites
101:Internet
5803:Commons
5793:Outline
5746:Oceania
5665:FidoNet
5650:ARPANET
5463:circuit
5032:digital
4761:History
4683:Tankard
4678:Shannon
4673:Schramm
4658:Quebral
4653:Postman
4643:Packard
4623:McLuhan
4618:Marcuse
4613:Luhmann
4608:Lippman
4603:Kincaid
4598:Johnson
4563:Goffman
4558:Gerbner
4548:Flusser
4528:Chomsky
4508:Bateson
4503:Barthes
4472:Science
4402:Climate
4352:Writing
4320:Reading
4270:Meaning
4190:Outline
4185:History
4076:Privacy
3982:Protest
3937:Boycott
3803:Framing
3483:(2007)
3466:(1983)
3337:Sources
3007:3485346
2984:Bibcode
2885:25 June
2374:28 June
2234:25 June
1982:, 1871.
1948:, 1843.
1759:Please
1612:History
1606:YouTube
1564:in the
1562:company
1440:legacy.
1283:in 2019
1212:Newseum
1197:, etc.)
1190:, etc.)
1130:monthly
1050:tablets
1024:podcast
1018:Podcast
1012:Podcast
908:wires,
827:films,
789:—about
739:Walkman
697:is the
686:, etc.
676:PC game
664:console
619:dubbing
596:cameras
522:Podshow
470:BBC One
355:reasons
115:sites,
5741:Europe
5711:Africa
5695:Usenet
5655:BITNET
5592:Mobile
5468:packet
4977:MOSFET
4972:device
4769:Beacon
4688:Tannen
4668:Rogers
4648:Peirce
4633:Morgan
4578:Huxley
4553:Gasset
4543:Fisher
4498:Adorno
4482:Visual
4432:Health
4427:Global
4397:Crisis
4330:Symbol
4325:Speech
4044:Issues
3842:Others
3485:online
3468:online
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3431:(2008)
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2250:et al.
1940:Early
1514:, and
1378:trends
1331:acting
1122:weekly
1082:, and
1031:Mobile
906:copper
585:movies
581:flicks
553:medium
256:Cinema
150:comics
138:blimps
105:mobile
5724:South
5719:North
5680:JANET
5617:Telex
5607:Radio
5446:Nodes
5441:Links
5362:media
4940:Radio
4925:Pager
4853:Drums
4819:video
4814:image
4804:audio
4593:Janis
4583:Innis
4538:Ellul
4533:Craig
4518:Burke
4275:Media
3743:Forms
3576:Media
3206:(PDF)
3185:(PDF)
3139:S2CID
3047:S2CID
2204:Notes
1680:Radio
1644:with
1557:is a
1543:libel
1502:As a
1497:blogs
1481:books
1335:music
1265:India
1257:Japan
1229:is a
1046:Japan
1001:Wired
954:print
879:email
806:video
707:music
703:sound
432:Radio
289:blogs
262:Radio
220:Print
160:, or
146:books
128:(AR)
109:email
89:radio
85:films
71:media
5736:Asia
5622:UUCP
5582:ISDN
4628:Mead
4467:Risk
4442:Mass
4335:list
3987:Punk
3772:Spin
3450:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3323:ISBN
3290:ISBN
3269:ISBN
3239:ISBN
3214:2019
3193:ISBN
3102:ISBN
3081:2011
3012:PMID
2917:2019
2887:2019
2851:ISBN
2828:link
2814:2011
2785:ISBN
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2636:ISBN
2609:ISBN
2582:ISBN
2550:2018
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2484:2006
2422:See
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2376:2013
2323:ISBN
2286:link
2272:2011
2236:2019
1682:and
1483:and
1402:and
1400:edit
1388:News
1337:and
1319:and
1220:9/11
1072:and
926:URLs
924:and
887:file
863:data
853:The
847:and
810:song
684:PDAs
541:film
535:Film
529:Film
488:and
472:and
434:and
406:and
273:The
250:DVDs
248:and
211:and
103:and
5627:WAN
5597:NGN
5587:LAN
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3131:doi
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