348:($ 192,000) to get a ten-year license by the Minister of Communication. Considering that the amount is huge when compared to the economic level of the country, the authorities created the so-called principle of “administrative tolerance”, which enabled media entrepreneurs to run their television stations before being fully licensed. Being this a discretional principle, media operators work under threat, as it is sufficient to make a reportage that the authorities do not like to be shut down for illegal exercise of the profession. A case in point is Equinoxe television, banned for several months in 2008, after taking position against the change of the constitution promoted by President Paul Biya.
352:
cable bouquets elsewhere. The only
Cameroonian cable distribution enterprise is TV+, owned by Emmanuel Chatue, who also runs the television station Canal 2 International. TV+ sells images which are broadcast by foreign television channels to Cameroonian consumers, especially western movies and soap-operas. However, there are many other abusive small cable distributors who illegally distribute foreign images for very cheap fees. In addition, many of them run abusive TV channels that broadcast global media products acquired mainly through illegal internet download.
104:. In June 1962, several journalists were arrested in a policy known as the "law of silence". However, no legal changes were implemented until 1966, when the law of liberty of the press was changed requiring editors to give copies of their final proofs to the office of the Minister of Territorial Administration (MINAT) and the local prefect four hours before publication or distribution. MINAT was allowed to censor each issue. After the change in the law, the number of newspapers was reduced from 30 to 9 in the following five years.
1428:
295:, in occasion of the congress of the single party, in which the Cameroonian National Union became the Cameroon People’s Democratic Party. Until the end of the 1990s there was only one official television channel, which was the state-owned CRTV. While Paul Biya and its entourage presented television as a mean of development, many others saw it as a propaganda tool in the hand of the regime to tendentiously inform the population, praise the government, and denigrate its opponents.
1223:
1199:
319:(1989, dir. Daouda Mouchangou), the story of a young girl who escapes from an arranged marriage with an old village chief and becomes a prostitute in the city. In addition to these successful telefilms, CRTV produced many other low quality TV series, which remained almost unnoticed among the public, docu-fictions with a declared didactic purpose, in collaboration with the
131:), and new independent newspapers surged. However, the press law of 1966 remained until December 1990. A new law concerning the print media reaffirmed press freedom but maintained some restrictions. After this reform, editors were not required to get authorization before the publication of newspapers. Censors decisions could be appealed to a judge.
291:(1987). For the construction of the television centre at Mballa II and the training centre at Ekounou in Yaounde were invested ninety billion francs CFA and antennas and repeater stations were built in different strategic sites to assure decent coverage by television signals all around the country. The first broadcast was in 1985, in
347:
Even in the new liberalized media environment, government maintains tight control over television, by the institutionalization of a broadcasting license for audiovisual exploitation. According to the article 15 of the April 2000 decree, commercial television stations must pay 100 million francs CFA
351:
It is estimated that CRTV covers 60% of the country through 64 transmitters. Since 2001 it has also offered satellite transmission. Private TV stations have their own transmitters. Both STV and Canal 2 International are received in the
Southern half of Cameroon and are available over satellite and
343:
and television broadcasting was allowed only in April 2000, following the decree n° 2000/158. The liberalization of the audio-visual sector led to the mushrooming of private television stations in the main cities of the country, which tried to beat the competition of state television with programs
338:
In addition to CRTV, other private TV channels were broadcasting illegally, before the media liberalization. The best known was TV Max, finally forced to close down after a legal queerly with CRTV, at the beginning of the 2000s. In
December 1990 the law n° 90/052 on social communication authorized
780:
In 2018, Cameroon reportedly had 6.13 million internet users (25% penetration). The majority of these, 5.79 million, access the internet through their mobile phones. Social media penetration was reportedly at 14% in 2018 (3.6 million people). Men and women appear to use the internet equally.
298:
Beyond news and political event coverage, in the 1980s and 1990s, CRTV produced good quality TV series with the aim to entertain and educate the
Cameroonian public, against a perceived moral decadence. The most famous productions among the viewers were
344:
more attuned to the interests and needs of the population. The local viewers welcomed this change and new television stations, such as Canal 2 International, Equinoxe television, and STV, have quickly become the most appreciated by the public.
37:
Cameroon's media includes print publications that are both public and privately owned; a public television station and privately owned channels; radio stations that are public, privately owned, and foreign; and the
Internet.
108:
2118:
107:
The 1970s were the low point of
Cameroon journalism. Most newspapers avoided political topics and were focused on sports. No new publications appeared until 1974, when the government created the
1873:
335:, Canal France International, and Canal Plus. Most of these programs were in French, although Cameroon is a bilingual country, with both English and French as official languages.
89:("The Truth"), which was produced in France. Due to their critics of French colonization, Mbale was shut down after three issues in 1929. From 1945 to 1959, nationalist spirit and
2144:
283:
first came to
Cameroon in 1985 (relatively late, if compared to other African countries). It arrived as part of the development and modernization project of the President
173:
2191:
2187:
181:
2183:
381:
188:
2043:
2174:
1918:
1898:
2170:
2161:
2152:
1943:
800:
2148:
637:
85:, in the 1920s, written by Cameroonians criticizing European colonization. Some of them were written and printed outside of Cameroon, such as
1888:
758:
network is still inadequate by international standards; the fixed line infrastructure, owned by the monopoly fixed-line service provider
213:
1343:
601:
2222:
762:, has outdated equipment and service in the country is irregular. Only 1 out of every 100 Cameroonians has a fixed-line telephone.
1810:
1382:
2033:
1546:
1287:
455:
311:(1986, dir. Daouda Mouchangou), a semi-documentary telefilm on the funeral and successor ceremonies in a bamileke chiefdom,
1392:
1568:
1463:
1893:
1763:
1448:
1356:
465:
Cameroon has several public radio stations, regulated by the Radio de l'office national de radio et télévision (CRTV).
327:, and adaptations of theatrical performances. The rest of the airtime was dedicated to European sport, South-American
17:
1417:
127:. The transition period renewed interest in political issues due to Biya's democratization program "Le Renouveau" (
57:
In the early's 1900s, European religious missions released the first newspapers in what is now
Cameroon, including
2217:
2227:
1621:
1556:
1264:
1245:
100:
After independence, the opposition press lost influence and pro-government and neutral media appeared, such as
47:
1697:
1611:
1531:
1336:
1302:
790:
769:
1011:
Atemsing
Ndenkop, Olivier. 2015. “Entrepreneurial trajectories and figures of the Cameroonian mediascape”.
307:(1989–1990, dir. Ndamba Eboa), the misadventure of an orphan who suffers victimization by his stepmother,
1722:
1536:
734:
1908:
1803:
1662:
1563:
1473:
1191:
795:
1682:
1606:
1372:
361:
97:. Most writers in this period weren't journalists and influencing public opinion was the main goal.
1672:
1575:
1519:
1504:
1427:
1329:
1601:
1524:
34:
includes independent outlets. The nation has only one national newspaper, which is state owned.
1948:
1509:
810:
315:(1987, dir. Ndamba Eboa), the story of a village girl who is beaten hard by the city life, and
1297:
1155:
Francis Beng
Nyamnjoh (1990). "How to 'Kill' an underdeveloped press: Lessons from Cameroon".
829:
2058:
2048:
1853:
1796:
1702:
1677:
1631:
1551:
1541:
1514:
1458:
1436:
124:
70:
287:, who saw it as a mean of education for the youths, as he stated in his political manifesto
2063:
1953:
1883:
1732:
1727:
1717:
1657:
1492:
1478:
90:
8:
2123:
2008:
1993:
1978:
1933:
1868:
1756:
1667:
1645:
1626:
1589:
1468:
1453:
1364:
1237:
1182:
1128:
1998:
1692:
1616:
1207:
1177:
805:
765:
As of 2018, 76% of the population (19.1 million people) had mobile phone subscriptions.
755:
1222:
1198:
93:
in Cameroon allowed the emergence of political newspapers, most of them attached to a
2098:
2073:
1923:
1863:
1848:
1772:
1737:
1712:
1707:
1311:
1283:
1260:
1241:
2083:
2053:
2038:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1968:
1963:
1913:
1858:
1833:
1687:
1412:
1400:
1164:
946:
Butake, Bole. 2005. “Cinema, CRTV, and the Cable Television Syndrome in Cameroon”.
881:
743:
156:
2093:
2088:
2028:
1983:
1838:
1819:
1777:
1407:
1377:
1277:
1231:
320:
94:
82:
1218:(3) – via Michigan State University Libraries, African e-Journals Project.
1076:
Kouétcha, Christelle. 2010. “Douala: Canal Sat suspend les câblodistributeurs”.
2068:
2018:
1973:
1958:
1938:
1928:
1903:
1843:
1168:
242:
139:
Cameroon's print media includes several publications, including the following:
120:
78:
2211:
2078:
1988:
1878:
1307:
622:
1315:
1273:
538:
69:
in 1908 (by the Protestant missionaries). They were written primarily in
1067:. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
328:
74:
1050:
Njipou, Alain. 2010 “Les camerounais préfèrent Canal 2 et Le Messager”.
389:
280:
160:: official national daily, published bilingually in French and English
607:
550:
332:
284:
116:
1321:
1063:
Adam, Lishan, Mike Jensen, Steve Song, and Russell Southwood. 2013.
1015:. Ute Roschenthaler and Dorothea Schulz (eds.). New York: Routledge.
1352:
950:. Alexie Tcheuyap (Ed.). Bayreuth: Bayreuth African Studies. 39–62.
628:
30:
1788:
1387:
906:
The Power to Name: A History of Anonymity in Colonial West Africa
544:
292:
81:
of the "new civilization". Opposition press appeared during the
1272:
991:
Soffo, Rodrigue. 2001. “Le chemin de croix des télés privées”,
759:
559:
487:
1257:
Mass media and democratisation in Cameroon in the early 1990s
964:
Mass media and democratisation in Cameroon in the early 1990s
340:
1113:
924:. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
737: : French, with some broadcasts in English and Spanish
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
1102:
1037:
Djimeli, Alexandre T. 2009. “Qui regard quoi et quand?”.
728:
324:
1175:
1065:
Practical Guide for digital switchover (DSO) in Cameroon
486:
RTS (Radio Tiemeni Siantou), has a website, Yaoundé and
1276:; Daniel Jean-Jacques, eds. (2015). "Cameroon: Media".
882:"Public and Private Press in Cameroon: A Brief History"
731:
World Service: English, with some broadcasts in French
1190:(3) – via Michigan State University Libraries,
1154:
672:
Chamba Community Radio (Balikumbat) FM 103.0 MHz
525:
FM Suellaba (known mainly be the name FM 105), Douala
1178:"Right to Inform and the 1990 Press Law in Cameroon"
1091:
Repenser la production cinématographique au Cameroun
1254:
61:in 1903 (by the Evangelical missionaries in Buea),
2209:
1205:
908:. Athens : Ohio University Press, page 194.
801:Internet censorship and surveillance in Cameroon
456:List of radio stations in Africa § Cameroon
469:The national station, transmitting from Yaoundé
1279:Africa: an Encyclopedia of Culture and Society
1804:
1337:
331:, Hollywood and French films downloaded from
150:Journal officiel de la RĂ©publique du Cameroun
1024:T.K. 2001. “Radios et télés enfin libres”,
109:Societé de Presse et d'Editions du Cameroun
1811:
1797:
1344:
1330:
339:the opening of private media, but private
879:
693:Radio Evangelium, Archdiocese of Bamenda
65:in 1906 (by the Baptists in Douala) and
948:Cinema and Social Discourse in Cameroon
270:
177:: weekly best selling private newspaper
14:
2210:
1206:Francis Nyamnjoh; et al. (1996).
1133:DataReportal – Global Digital Insights
134:
1792:
1351:
1325:
1208:"Media and Civil Society in Cameroon"
1123:
1121:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
749:
519:Radio Equinoxe, has a website, Douala
445:RTV Evangelium Archdiocese of Bamenda
228:: weekly, economic and financial news
209:: English, includes an online edition
203:: English, includes an online edition
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
974:
972:
958:
956:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
916:
914:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
476:
368:
73:and their main purpose was to teach
1818:
1157:International Communication Gazette
1013:Cultural Entrepreneurship in Africa
880:Gallagher, David F. (Spring 1991).
705:Divine Mercy Radio, Diocese of Buea
397:Kopra TV, channel under development
152:: announces the publication of laws
24:
1230:"Cameroon: Directory: the Press".
1118:
303:(1988–1989, dir. Ndamba Eboa) and
165:
25:
2239:
1236:. Regional Surveys of the World.
1176:Ewumbue-Monono Churchill (1992).
998:
969:
953:
927:
911:
840:
708:Renaissance Community Radio (Ndu)
702:Radio Evangelium Diocese of Mamfe
699:Radio Evangelium Diocese of Kumba
696:Radio Evangelium Diocese of Kumbo
439:PSTV (PEFSCOM TELEVISION) (buea)
289:Pour le libéralisme communautaire
2119:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1889:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1426:
1418:Union of the Peoples of Cameroon
1221:
1197:
922:Mass Media in Sub-Saharan Africa
721:
2223:Mass media in Africa by country
1233:Africa South of the Sahara 2004
1148:
1107:
1096:
1083:
1070:
1057:
1044:
1031:
1018:
742:It is also possible to receive
714:SANTA COMMUNITY RADIO (95.3 FM)
654:Calvary Good News (Radio Kumba)
985:
898:
822:
657:Ocean City Radio (Radio Kumba)
403:Vision 4, in the testing phase
400:DBS, channel under development
48:List of newspapers in Cameroon
41:
13:
1:
1259:, Bamenda, Cameroun: Langaa,
816:
791:Freedom of Speech in Cameroon
770:Telephone numbers in Cameroon
618:Eternity Gospel Radio (Limbe)
531:RTM (Real Time Radio), Douala
513:Radio Bonne Nouvelle, Yaoundé
472:Ten provincial radio stations
275:
1255:Francis B. Nyamnjoh (2011),
504:Radio Environnement, Yaoundé
409:Africa TV, under development
197:: includes an online edition
7:
962:Nymanjoh, Francis B. 2011.
920:Bourgault, Louise M. 1995.
784:
775:
460:
355:
313:Kabiyene ou Ă qui la faute?
10:
2244:
1192:African e-Journals Project
1169:10.1177/001654929004600104
796:Communications in Cameroon
767:
453:
309:La succession de Wabo Defo
52:
45:
2132:
2107:
1826:
1750:
1653:
1644:
1597:
1588:
1500:
1491:
1444:
1435:
1424:
1363:
681:Skysports Radio (Bamenda)
663:Abakwa FM Radio (Bamenda)
406:New TV, under development
364:Télé: maintains a website
142:
1874:Central African Republic
1129:"Digital 2019: Cameroon"
1089:Nguéa, Annette A. 2012.
980:Au Cameroun de Paul Biya
660:Radio Hotcocoa (Bamenda)
615:Ocean City Radio (Limbe)
555:Radio Batcham, Bafoussam
449:
111:(SOPECAM), and released
1114:KCBS Television (Kumba)
904:Stephanie Newell 2013.
711:Community Radio (Kumbo)
666:NDEFCAM Radio (Bamenda)
528:Radio Nostalgie, Douala
483:Radio Jeunesse, Yaoundé
430:KCBS Television (Kumba)
2218:Mass media in Cameroon
1240:. 2004. p. 180+.
978:Pigeaud, Fanny. 2011.
886:www.lightningfield.com
811:Literature of Cameroon
651:Lakesite Radio (Kumba)
642:Radio Casmando, Douala
588:Revival Gospel Radio,
510:Sky One Radio, Yaoundé
507:Radio Lumière, Yaoundé
195:La Nouvelle Expression
83:French Colonial period
2228:Mass media by country
2034:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1894:Republic of the Congo
1393:West Africa campaign
717:CAM ONE RADIO (LIMBE)
648:Stone FM Radio (Ndop)
633:Satellite FM, Yaoundé
612:Eden Radio FM (Limbe)
534:Radio Veritas, Douala
421:T.L under development
382:Canal 2 International
378:STV 2 (Spectrum TV 2)
375:STV1 (spectrum TV 1)
264:The Rambler Newspaper
125:President of Cameroon
1303:Freedom of the Press
768:For additional, see
576:MediaAfrique Radio,
501:Radio Venus, Yaoundé
271:Radio and television
102:Le Press du Cameroun
2109:States with limited
1238:Europa Publications
1212:Africa Media Review
1183:Africa Media Review
1103:Liberty TV (Douala)
1093:. Paris: Harmattan.
1028:n° 1161. 3 January.
690:Savanna Radio (Ndu)
669:CBC Radio (Bamenda)
636:Radio Equatoriale,
516:Moov Radio, Yaoundé
427:Liberty TV (Douala)
226:La Nouvelle Tribune
135:Current print media
67:Elolombe Ya Kamerun
1622:Telecommunications
1383:Colonial governors
982:. Paris: Karthala.
966:. Bamenda: Langaa.
806:Cinema of Cameroon
756:telecommunications
750:Telecommunications
254:The Star Newspaper
217:: humour newspaper
2205:
2204:
2136:other territories
1909:Equatorial Guinea
1786:
1785:
1746:
1745:
1698:Human trafficking
1640:
1639:
1584:
1583:
1547:Political parties
1532:Foreign relations
1487:
1486:
1289:978-1-59884-666-9
1078:Telezoom Cameroon
1041:n° 2904, 24 July.
678:City FM (Bamenda)
645:Hit Radio, Douala
594:Radio Bonakanda,
564:FM Mont Cameroun
492:Magic FM, Yaoundé
317:L'Ă©toile de Noudi
259:The Sun Newspaper
221:La Voix du paysan
63:Mwendi wa Musango
18:Media in Cameroon
16:(Redirected from
2235:
2197:
2196:(United Kingdom)
2192:Tristan da Cunha
2188:Ascension Island
2180:
2167:
2158:
2134:Dependencies and
1827:Sovereign states
1820:Media of Africa
1813:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1766:
1759:
1651:
1650:
1595:
1594:
1498:
1497:
1442:
1441:
1430:
1413:British Cameroon
1401:Kamerun campaign
1396:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1293:
1269:
1251:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1172:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1125:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1087:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1054:n° 3108, 28 May.
1048:
1042:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1009:
996:
989:
983:
976:
967:
960:
951:
944:
925:
918:
909:
902:
896:
895:
893:
892:
877:
838:
837:
834:freedomhouse.org
826:
627:Radio Lolodorf,
558:Radio Salaaman,
522:Sweet FM, Douala
433:cam 1 tv (limbe)
424:CAMNEWS24 Douala
157:Cameroon Tribune
113:Cameroon Tribune
71:native languages
21:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2178:
2165:
2156:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2112:
2110:
2103:
1822:
1817:
1787:
1782:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1742:
1723:Public holidays
1636:
1580:
1537:Law enforcement
1483:
1464:Protected areas
1431:
1422:
1408:French Cameroon
1394:
1378:Mandara kingdom
1359:
1350:
1296:
1290:
1267:
1248:
1229:
1220:
1196:
1151:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1019:
1010:
999:
995:n° 1209. 4 May.
990:
986:
977:
970:
961:
954:
945:
928:
919:
912:
903:
899:
890:
888:
878:
841:
828:
827:
823:
819:
787:
778:
773:
752:
744:Canal+ Horizons
740:
724:
675:
600:Radio Fotouni,
549:Radio Star FM,
479:
477:Privately owned
463:
458:
452:
436:
412:L.T.M TV Douala
371:
369:Privately owned
358:
321:Catholic church
305:Le débrouillard
278:
273:
268:
174:Cameroon Weekly
168:
166:Privately owned
163:
145:
137:
121:Ahamadou Ahidjo
95:political party
55:
50:
44:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2241:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2181:
2168:
2159:
2145:Canary Islands
2141:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1784:
1783:
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1780:
1775:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1752:
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1748:
1747:
1744:
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1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:Child marriage
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1564:Prime Minister
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1949:Guinea-Bissau
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543:Radio Yemba,
542:
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498:FM 94 Yaoundé
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249:Guardian Post
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91:press freedom
88:
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76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
49:
39:
35:
33:
32:
19:
2184:Saint Helena
2155:
2059:South Africa
2049:Sierra Leone
1854:Burkina Faso
1673:Demographics
1576:Trade unions
1520:Human rights
1505:Constitution
1301:
1282:. ABC-CLIO.
1278:
1274:Toyin Falola
1256:
1232:
1215:
1211:
1187:
1181:
1160:
1156:
1149:Bibliography
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1109:
1098:
1090:
1085:
1077:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1012:
992:
987:
979:
963:
947:
921:
905:
900:
889:. Retrieved
885:
833:
824:
779:
764:
753:
741:
687:Sky FM (Ndu)
537:FM Medumba,
495:TBC, Yaoundé
464:
415:canal2 zebra
350:
346:
337:
316:
312:
308:
304:
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297:
288:
279:
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138:
128:
112:
106:
101:
99:
86:
66:
62:
58:
56:
36:
28:
26:
2111:recognition
2064:South Sudan
1954:Ivory Coast
1602:Agriculture
1525:LGBT rights
1052:Le Messager
1039:Le Messager
1026:Le Messager
993:Le Messager
754:Cameroon's
638:Sangmélimad
621:Radio Oku,
570:CBS Radio,
329:telenovelas
182:Le Messager
115:. In 1982,
42:Print media
2212:Categories
2166:(Portugal)
2124:Somaliland
2044:Seychelles
2009:Mozambique
1994:Mauritania
1979:Madagascar
1934:The Gambia
1869:Cape Verde
1510:Corruption
1298:"Cameroon"
1266:9956717185
1247:1857431839
1138:2019-07-05
891:2021-03-22
830:"Cameroon"
817:References
606:FM Pouala
582:Dream FM,
454:See also:
442:HiTv(Buea)
390:Equinox TV
301:L'orphelin
281:Television
276:Television
201:The Herald
59:Mulee-Ngea
46:See also:
1999:Mauritius
1703:Languages
1678:Education
1632:Transport
1612:Companies
1552:President
1515:Elections
1459:Divisions
1437:Geography
1163:: 57–75.
608:Bafoussam
551:Bafoussam
539:Bangangté
386:Ariane TV
333:TV5 Monde
285:Paul Biya
214:Le Popoli
189:Mutations
119:replaced
117:Paul Biya
2190: /
2186: /
2179:(France)
2173: /
2151: /
2147: /
2099:Zimbabwe
2074:Tanzania
1924:Ethiopia
1919:Eswatini
1899:Djibouti
1864:Cameroon
1849:Botswana
1773:Category
1733:Religion
1728:Refugees
1718:Polygamy
1658:Abortion
1607:Currency
1542:Military
1493:Politics
1479:Wildlife
1357:articles
1353:Cameroon
1316:57509361
1310:, 2016,
785:See also
776:Internet
629:Lolodorf
418:SAMBA TV
207:The Post
129:New Deal
31:Cameroon
2175:RĂ©union
2171:Mayotte
2162:Madeira
2157:(Spain)
2153:Melilla
2084:Tunisia
2054:Somalia
2039:Senegal
2024:Nigeria
2014:Namibia
2004:Morocco
1969:Liberia
1964:Lesotho
1914:Eritrea
1884:Comoros
1859:Burundi
1834:Algeria
1757:Outline
1668:Cuisine
1646:Culture
1627:Tourism
1590:Economy
1469:Regions
1454:Climate
1388:Kamerun
1365:History
1306:, USA:
602:Fotouni
545:Dschang
293:Bamenda
232:Le Jour
53:History
2194:
2177:
2164:
2094:Zambia
2089:Uganda
2029:Rwanda
1984:Malawi
1944:Guinea
1839:Angola
1778:Portal
1693:Health
1617:Mining
1474:Rivers
1449:Cities
1355:
1314:
1286:
1263:
1244:
760:Camtel
560:Garoua
488:Bafang
461:Public
394:TV Max
356:Public
237:Dikalo
143:Public
79:values
2149:Ceuta
2069:Sudan
2019:Niger
1974:Libya
1959:Kenya
1939:Ghana
1929:Gabon
1904:Egypt
1844:Benin
1764:Index
1738:Sport
1713:Music
1708:Media
450:Radio
341:radio
87:Mbale
75:norms
2079:Togo
1989:Mali
1879:Chad
1688:Flag
1569:list
1557:list
1373:Baka
1312:OCLC
1284:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1242:ISBN
596:Buea
590:Buea
584:Buea
578:Buea
572:Buea
566:Buea
362:CRTV
325:NGOs
323:and
77:and
27:The
1165:doi
735:RFI
729:BBC
623:Oku
123:as
2214::
1300:,
1216:10
1214:.
1210:.
1186:.
1180:.
1161:46
1159:.
1131:.
1120:^
1000:^
971:^
955:^
929:^
913:^
884:.
842:^
832:.
746:.
1812:e
1805:t
1798:v
1345:e
1338:t
1331:v
1292:.
1250:.
1194:.
1188:6
1171:.
1167::
1141:.
1080:.
894:.
836:.
772:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.