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899:. According to the Constitution, under Article XVI, Section 10, the State is obligated to "provide the policy environment for … the balanced flow of information into, out of, and across the country, in accordance with a policy that respects the freedom of speech and of the press." The Constitution also guarantees freedom of the press under Article III, Section 4. The Office of the President is responsible for managing the government's policy toward the press.
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35:
732:(FEBC). AM stations usually broadcast in news and talk formats; FM stations usually broadcast both local and foreign popular music, but has also seen usage by news/talk and community radio broadcasters especially in the provinces. Most radio stations broadcast in Tagalog and regional languages, and the rest in English.
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signed a law expanding the Shield Law or Sotto Law; the new law expanded protection of journalists to include broadcast and online journalists from disclosing confidential sources of "any news item, report or information appearing or being reported or disseminated" unless the court or
Congress "finds
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and for subjecting journalists to harassment and surveillance. In addition to killings, journalists in the
Philippines have been victims of various forms of threats and attacks, including verbal assault and intimidation, physical assault, and libel charges. Journalists have also been blacklisted from
843:
While the media companies are predominantly owned by moneyed and influential tycoons, the
Filipino readers are given the option with the advent of the new media and this has leveled the playing field. Reputable online news publications or news portals, blog sites, and other online available resources
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Before the declaration of martial law in
September 1972, mass media in the Philippines functioned as a government watchdog and source of information for citizens. Marcos exerted considerable effort to stifle the free press, which is considered a key feature of a functioning democracy. He shut down
991:
Libel and online libel are criminal offenses in the
Philippines. Penalties for online libel include imprisonment for a maximum of 12 years and a fine of a maximum of ₱1,000,000. Since the American colonial period in the Philippines, libel laws have been used to stifle dissent. Media organizations
1072:
and other forms of harassment, such as surveillance, doxing, and extortion. Red-tagging endangers journalists and makes them vulnerable to violence and to being jailed on trumped up charges, such as illegal possession of firearms. Media organizations and journalists have also been subjected to
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of the
Alliance of Concerned Teachers party list filed House Bill 569, which aimed to decriminalize libel. Castro said the criminalization of libel has "caused the gagging of media practitioners, the concealment of the truth from public knowledge, prior restraint and chilling effect, and the
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supports the decriminalization of libel, citing concerns on libel laws being used to suppress freedom of the press. Media watchdogs have called on
Congress to decriminalize libel and cyber libel, with the NUJP noting how these are "commonly used weapons against independent journalism."
1092:, which publishes articles critical of the Philippine government. The filing of cases has been seen as part of efforts to intimidate, threaten, and ultimately shut down the website. Then-President Rodrigo Duterte also threatened to shut down over alleged tax liabilities the
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filed Senate Bill 1593 or the
Decriminalization of Libel Act, stating that "Our libel laws have been weaponized to stifle very basic fundamental rights." She also said the large number of libel cases have led to the congestion of court dockets.
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Much media ownership is concentrated in the hands of prominent families and businesses. Consequently, some reports tend to be one-sided presentations favoring special interests. The privately owned press also tends toward
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banner, as well as smaller community and information radio stations on both AM and FM bands, either as O&Os or through affiliates. Since 2017, PBS has also ventured into music broadcasting, with the top 40-formatted
692:
Broadcast radio stations in the
Philippines are assigned four-letter callsigns, containing the two-letter prefixes DW, DX, DY and DZ. The suffix usually indicates the island group the station is in (DW and DZ used for
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technology for digital broadcasting. Internet radio, in the form of live online audio streams of terrestrial radio stations and online-only stations, has also a presence, primarily aimed toward niche audiences and
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chaired by the
President of the Philippines, have used red-tagging against journalists. From June 2016 to April 2021, there have been 51 cases of intimidation of journalists, including 30 cases of red-tagging.
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ranked the Philippines among the deadliest and most dangerous places for journalists. The Philippines was also ranked as the most dangerous country in Asia for journalists in 2018 according to the Philippine
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Government-owned radio broadcasting is primarily under the Presidential Broadcast Service (PBS), which operates a network of owned-and-operated news and talk stations in the AM and shortwave bands under the
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The Philippines is among the most dangerous countries in the world according to various media watchdogs. The fifth annual Worldwide Press Freedom Index released by the international press freedom watchdog
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and increased legal harassment in the form of libel suits as part of the problem in the Philippines. Between 1986 and 2005, 52 journalists have been murdered and most of their killers go unpunished.
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Although independent observers credit the government with respecting freedom of the press in general, the government has been criticized for failing to investigate thoroughly summary killings of
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There were 37 cases of libel and oral defamation recorded from July 2016 to April 2021. Eighteen of these were online libel, while 8 of the 37 cases also led to arrests of journalists.
940:
863:. This strategy was strongly considered due to the growing number of Filipinos who use social media instead of television in watching the news through snippets or short video clips.
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1123:. In doing so, he silenced public criticism and opposition by controlling information that the people had access to. This allowed him to have the final say on what passed as truth.
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Television is introduced to the Philippines in the 1950s, becoming the first Southeast Asian nation to do so. As like with radio, television broadcasting is also regulated by the
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was among those convicted of cyber libel in a 2020 case involving the retroactive application of a then new cybercrime law to an article that had been published years before.
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resulting incapacitation of the people from gaining a meaningful understanding of the various public issues that are of paramount concern". In the Philippine Senate, Senator
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in 2024 urged the government to do more to stop the killing of journalists in the Philippines. Khan described the killings as "most egregious form of censorship".
705:). The Philippines is one of the few Asian countries that use callsigns for broadcast radio stations (the others being Indonesia, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan).
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Alternative media outlets present in the Philippines include Tudla Productions, Southern Tagalog Exposure, Mayday Multimedia, Altermidya, and
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689:(NTC), on content, frequency and licensing matters. There are about 1,000 radio stations in the Philippines, both on the AM and FM bands.
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and United Nations Special Rapporteur Irene Khan have also called for the decriminalization of libel. Former Congress Representative
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The Philippines has not yet adopted a digital radio standard, but some stations in the larger cities have adopted North American
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By controlling the press, the dictatorship was able to suppress negative news and create an exaggerated perception of progress.
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had 225 television stations, 369 AM radio broadcast stations, 583 FM radio broadcast stations, 10 internet radio stations, 5
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785:(NTC). The majority of free-to-air TV networks are operated by private broadcasters, the largest by viewer share being
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Some giant media companies in the broadcasting industry have adapted also in the online news portal this include
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Radio is introduced to the Philippines under the American colonial era. Radio broadcasting is regulated by the
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950:(RSF) has placed the Philippines among the worst-ranked countries for 2006 at 142nd place. It indicated the
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contend that libel has been "used by people in power to harass journalists and muzzle critical reportage".
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797:. There is no public television network, but there are multiple government-owned networks, such as the
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1490:"PH out of top 5 deadliest countries for journalists after 10 years, but still 7th most dangerous"
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2018:
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1779:"Calls to decriminalize libel resurface as Rappler journalists face yet another libel suit"
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media outlets and set up set up print and broadcast outlets that he controlled through his
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Radio networks are primarily owned by private broadcasters, some of the largest being the
8:
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There was a rise in libel and cyber libel cases in the country in 2020, according to the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Digital TV broadcasting in the Philippines was introduced in 2010, using the Japanese
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1622:"Digital Martial Law: 10 Scary Things About the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012"
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standard. Shutdown of analog TV transmissions is planned by the end of 2027.
906:, which aims to protect freedom of expression and the freedom of the press.
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1938:"FAST FACTS: How Marcos silenced, controlled the media during Martial Law"
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1541:"UN urges Philippines to curb killings of journalists – DW – 02/02/2024"
1303:"Int'l body tells Duterte, NTC: PH a signatory of UN press freedom pact"
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Suppression of press freedom during the Marcos dictatorship (1972-1986)
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filed bills seeking to decriminalize libel. In the 19th Congress, Rep.
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1805:"UN expert calls for, Makabayan bloc seeks decriminalization of libel"
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633:(radio), are government-run, while most outlets are privately owned.
611:
284:
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Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality § Control of mass media
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Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines
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753:
698:
1831:"Walden Bello files a 'decriminalize libel' case in Supreme Court"
1193:"Inquirer most trusted broadsheet, Digital News Report 2024 shows"
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has disrupted the readership of other giant news media companies.
1882:"Red tagging and vilification will not cow the independent media"
1419:"Philippines among worst-ranked countries in press freedom index"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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that such revelation is demanded by the security of the State".
813:
720:. The remainder fall under government broadcasters such as the
1857:"'Red-tagging' of journalists looms over Philippine elections"
2990:
2807:
1441:"52 journalists killed since the return to democracy in 1986"
1387:"Online, broadcast journos now protected from baring sources"
694:
512:
1057:
1516:"Philippines: Most dangerous place for journalists in Asia"
1963:"Breaking the News: Silencing the Media Under Martial Law"
1649:"Philippine press freedom ranking slides down on 3rd year"
902:
The Philippines is also a signatory to the United Nations
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National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict
1911:"A New Weapon Against Press Freedom in the Philippines"
1328:"Philippines: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report"
636:
The most trusted newspapers in the Philippines are the
1989:"Balikwas: Literature and the media under Martial Law"
1015:
987:
People of the Philippines v. Santos, Ressa and Rappler
1421:. freeexpressionasia.wordpress.com/. October 24, 2006
904:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1463:"Journalist shot dead by gunman in the Philippines"
100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
614:stations and 7 million newspapers in circulation.
1674:"World Report 2021: Rights Trends in Philippines"
1225:"The Good Kind of Independent, Alternative Media"
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1886:National Union of Journalists of the Philippines
1361:"2021 State of Press Freedom in the Philippines"
1073:vilification and various forms of intimidation.
1000:National Union of Journalists of the Philippines
930:
1365:Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism
1088:filed five cases in Philippine courts against
777:List of television stations in the Philippines
3072:
2061:
2027:Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism
1726:"Hontiveros files bill decriminalizing libel"
1276:"On Freedom of the Press and the Rule of Law"
937:List of journalists killed in the Philippines
724:(PBS) and religious broadcasters such as the
550:
1701:"ACT rep refiles bill decriminalizing libel"
1753:"CHR pushes for decriminalization of libel"
1751:Cabico, Gaea Katreena (December 21, 2022).
1020:In the 14th, 15th, and 18th Congress, Rep.
964:Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3079:
3065:
2068:
2054:
1567:"Criminal Libel Suits Against Journalists"
1096:, which published reports critical of the
859:, and government owned television network
557:
543:
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1255:J Source: The Canadian Journalism Project
1114:Journalism during the Marcos dictatorship
1058:Red-tagging and other forms of harassment
799:Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation
681:List of radio stations in the Philippines
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
2075:
1802:
1776:
1592:Felongco, Gilbert (September 19, 2012).
1591:
1384:
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1141:Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas
976:
568:
1854:
1698:
1594:"Journalists wary of new web libel law"
1487:
873:
14:
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1987:Lapeña, Carmela (September 20, 2012).
1986:
1936:Elemia, Camille (September 19, 2020).
1935:
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1513:
1190:
783:National Telecommunications Commission
687:National Telecommunications Commission
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2049:
2041:from the original on December 6, 2023
1905:
1903:
1616:
1614:
1385:Parrocha, Azer (September 25, 2019).
1301:Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (May 21, 2020).
1251:"Alternative News in the Philippines"
745:and the adult contemporary-formatted
664:List of newspapers in the Philippines
2016:
1828:
1699:Mendoza, John Eric (July 16, 2022).
1646:
1354:
1352:
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1300:
1160:
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1098:Philippine government's war on drugs
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583:consists of several types of media:
171:
98:adding citations to reliable sources
69:
28:
1777:Gregorio, Xave (January 15, 2021).
1068:Journalists have been subjected to
1016:Proposed decriminalization of libel
24:
2010:
1900:
1803:Valmonte, Kaycee (July 17, 2022).
1611:
969:United Nations Special Rapporteur
249:
25:
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1514:Dancel, Raul (November 2, 2018).
1488:Manahan, Job (October 29, 2020).
1359:De Jesus, Melinda (May 5, 2021).
1345:
1153:
1076:Government agencies, such as the
983:Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
952:continuing murders of journalists
44:This article has multiple issues.
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1861:Committee to Protect Journalists
1191:Loreto, Russel (June 18, 2024).
959:Committee to Protect Journalists
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176:
74:
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1980:
1955:
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1829:Buan, Lian (December 5, 2023).
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880:Human rights in the Philippines
109:"Mass media in the Philippines"
85:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
3403:British Indian Ocean Territory
1855:Crispin, Shawn (May 5, 2022).
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1268:
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1217:
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722:Presidential Broadcast Service
631:Presidential Broadcast Service
13:
1:
3482:Mass media in the Philippines
3477:Mass media in Asia by country
1647:Peña, Dawn (April 20, 2021).
1146:
884:Censorship in the Philippines
771:Television in the Philippines
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730:Far East Broadcasting Company
657:
581:Mass media in the Philippines
2535:Business process outsourcing
1050:filed a petition asking the
931:Violence against journalists
7:
1165:Philippines country profile
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826:Internet in the Philippines
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803:People's Television Network
10:
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1039:Commission on Human Rights
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922:In August 2019, President
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242:Culture of the Philippines
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1705:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1307:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1198:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1172:Federal Research Division
1094:Philippine Daily Inquirer
948:Reporters Without Borders
807:Radio Philippines Network
639:Philippine Daily Inquirer
185:This article needs to be
3152:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2439:House of Representatives
2332:Administrative divisions
2029:, University of Oxford,
2017:Chua, Yvonne T. (2020),
1467:South China Morning Post
1054:to decriminalize libel.
914:covering public events.
675:Radio in the Philippines
668:
573:Communication towers in
18:Media in the Philippines
3413:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
617:Media outlets, such as
233:Part of a series on the
3036:Philippines portal
2580:Science and technology
1392:Philippine News Agency
726:Catholic Media Network
714:Radio Mindanao Network
577:
254:
3472:Mass media by country
2991:Sport and martial art
2407:Executive departments
1086:Department of Justice
977:Libel and cyber libel
895:are enshrined in the
878:Further information:
629:(television) and the
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513:Sport and martial art
253:
3327:United Arab Emirates
2856:Fashion and clothing
2697:Environmental issues
2624:Water and sanitation
2461:Regional Trial Court
2306:World Heritage Sites
1399:on December 27, 2023
893:freedom of the press
874:Freedom of the press
353:Fashion and clothing
94:improve this article
3354:limited recognition
2846:Cultural properties
2612:Tourist attractions
2159:Japanese occupation
2023:Digital News Report
1888:. February 29, 2020
1732:. December 13, 2022
1680:. December 16, 2020
1231:. November 24, 2017
1229:Esquire Philippines
1169:Library of Congress
1044:Makabayan lawmakers
853:ABS-CBN Corporation
651:The Philippine Star
384:Cultural Properties
325:Arts and literature
2861:Historical markers
2719:Indigenous peoples
2595:Telecommunications
2369:Political families
2210:Biosphere reserves
1967:Martial Law Museum
1917:. December 6, 2018
1915:Human Rights Watch
1678:Human Rights Watch
1628:. October 12, 2020
1573:. February 5, 2016
1547:. February 2, 2024
1469:. October 31, 2021
759:overseas Filipinos
578:
533:Philippines portal
394:Historical markers
295:indigenous peoples
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3396:other territories
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2918:Traditional games
2753:Income inequality
2736:Human trafficking
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2374:Political parties
2347:Foreign relations
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2163:Postcolonial era
1520:The Straits Times
1280:UP College of Law
1136:Philippine cinema
918:Source protection
897:1987 Constitution
889:Freedom of speech
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2412:Executive office
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1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1395:. Archived from
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1205:on June 17, 2024
1201:. Archived from
1188:
1182:
1162:
1064:ABS-CBN Shutdown
603:, and websites.
559:
552:
545:
530:
459:
243:
234:
228:
227:
219:
212:
201:
198:
192:
180:
179:
172:
165:
158:
154:
151:
145:
143:
102:
78:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3427:
3395:
3386:
3367:Northern Cyprus
3353:
3346:
3088:
3085:
3055:
3050:
3030:
3028:
3000:
2927:
2896:Public holidays
2812:
2741:Sex trafficking
2633:
2499:
2417:Law enforcement
2378:
2310:
2274:Protected areas
2183:
2152:American period
2120:
2080:
2074:
2013:
2011:Further reading
2008:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1993:GMA News Online
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1757:Philippine Star
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1730:GMA News Online
1724:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1645:
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1631:
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1620:
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1612:
1602:
1600:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1565:
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1560:
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1548:
1539:
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1534:
1524:
1522:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
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1472:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1357:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1189:
1185:
1163:
1154:
1149:
1132:
1116:
1106:
1066:
1060:
1037:The Philippine
1031:Risa Hontiveros
1018:
989:
979:
943:
933:
924:Rodrigo Duterte
920:
886:
876:
833:
828:
822:
779:
773:
767:
738:Radyo Pilipinas
710:MBC Media Group
701:and DY for the
683:
677:
671:
666:
660:
645:Manila Bulletin
563:
531:
457:
436:Public holidays
241:
232:
220:
209:
208:
207:
202:
196:
193:
190:
181:
177:
166:
155:
149:
146:
103:
101:
91:
79:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3495:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3443:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2702:Climate change
2694:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2619:Transportation
2616:
2615:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2587:
2585:Stock exchange
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
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2501:
2500:
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2490:
2485:
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2464:
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2419:
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2409:
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2388:
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2377:
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2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2279:National parks
2271:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2247:Extreme points
2244:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2225:Climate change
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2177:Fifth Republic
2174:
2169:
2167:Third Republic
2161:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2147:Spanish period
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079: articles
2073:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1979:
1954:
1928:
1899:
1873:
1847:
1821:
1795:
1769:
1743:
1717:
1691:
1665:
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1610:
1584:
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1480:
1454:
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1410:
1377:
1344:
1319:
1293:
1267:
1242:
1216:
1183:
1174:(March 2006).
1151:
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1145:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1105:
1102:
1059:
1056:
1017:
1014:
978:
975:
932:
929:
919:
916:
875:
872:
838:sensationalism
832:
829:
824:Main article:
821:
818:
769:Main article:
766:
763:
728:(CMN) and the
673:Main article:
670:
667:
662:Main article:
659:
656:
575:Zamboanga City
565:
564:
562:
561:
554:
547:
539:
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535:
523:
522:
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510:
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453:
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428:
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282:
281:
280:
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262:
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246:
245:
237:
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222:
221:
204:
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197:September 2021
184:
182:
175:
168:
167:
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3494:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:South Ossetia
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3087:Media of Asia
3082:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3047:
3039:
3037:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3011:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:Sign language
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
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2942:
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2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2714:Ethnic groups
2712:
2708:
2707:Deforestation
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:National debt
2563:
2561:
2560:Fiscal policy
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Supreme Court
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
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2392:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
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2367:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
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2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2304:
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2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2252:Island groups
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:Colonial era
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:"Philippines"
2015:
2014:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1836:
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1825:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1784:
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1773:
1758:
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1706:
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1695:
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1595:
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1546:
1542:
1536:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1443:. May 2, 2005
1442:
1436:
1420:
1414:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1333:
1332:Freedom House
1329:
1323:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1282:. May 6, 2020
1281:
1277:
1271:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1178:public domain
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1127:
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1115:
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1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1052:Supreme Court
1049:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1026:France Castro
1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
993:
988:
984:
974:
972:
967:
965:
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949:
942:
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928:
925:
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907:
905:
900:
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894:
890:
885:
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871:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
841:
839:
831:Media culture
827:
817:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
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3022:Bibliography
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2923:Value system
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2826:Architecture
2778:Prostitution
2675:Demographics
2545:Central bank
2488:Marine Corps
2468:Armed Forces
2352:Human rights
2337:Constitution
2286:Ramsar sites
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3352:States with
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1762:January 31,
1736:January 31,
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1632:November 7,
1603:November 7,
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1473:November 9,
1447:January 27,
1370:October 15,
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1286:October 15,
1070:red-tagging
1010:Maria Ressa
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2242:Ecoregions
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2126:Chronology
1425:August 22,
1147:References
1108:See also:
1062:See also:
981:See also:
971:Irene Khan
939: and
935:See also:
840:at times.
805:(PTV) and
775:See also:
765:Television
679:See also:
658:Newspapers
593:newspapers
585:television
498:Great Seal
404:newspapers
358:Literature
317:Honorifics
120:newspapers
49:improve it
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3372:Palestine
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2886:Mythology
2798:Squatting
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2269:Mountains
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1788:April 22,
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55:talk page
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1260:July 17,
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1130:See also
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1121:cronies
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1005:Rappler
809:(RPN).
801:(IBC),
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458:Symbols
379:Cuisine
312:Kinship
268:History
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187:updated
134:scholar
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2291:Rivers
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814:ISDB-T
648:, and
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488:Flower
468:Anthem
448:Sports
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285:People
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371:Other
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141:JSTOR
127:books
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2956:Flag
2946:Bird
2891:Name
2831:Arts
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2205:Bays
2031:OCLC
2000:2022
1974:2022
1949:2022
1923:2022
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1868:2022
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1626:Spot
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1571:CMFR
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1475:2021
1449:2013
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1262:2021
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1084:The
1008:CEO
985:and
957:The
891:and
882:and
861:PTV4
793:and
716:and
518:Tree
483:Flag
473:Bird
338:Arts
113:news
3394:and
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795:TV5
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