244:
226:
525:, problems with the credibility of the Porte and attitudes of the British ministers that ... really prevented the loan's materialization rather than Namık Pasha's 'amateurishness' and unwillingness. Under such conditions, anyone in his place could be equally unsuccessful,” according to one commentator (see Badem, p. 273). History would nevertheless record his name as the man who initiated the search for the loans, as these would be secured very soon after, as a result of the steps he had taken and the paths he had opened.
543:(Commander in chief). During Namık Pasha's term as Viceroy of Jeddah, a blundering move by the local British Vice-Consul and a ham-fisted military intervention by the British marines in a property dispute led to events that ended in the death of 22 foreigners including the British Consul and his wife, as well as the French Consul's wife. Namık Pasha was away at Mecca during the events, and dealt swiftly with the aftermath on his return, though not before the bombardment of Jeddah by
517:
However, he had come back empty-handed. Commentators are at variance in interpreting this outcome: the directives he was given were too rigid and he was not vested with sufficient authority to make the necessary decisions. For some he was too proud on behalf of the
Ottoman state, for others; the interest rates insisted by the European bankers were too high and the parties were mutually too hesitant, and too distrustful, according to others. “It had become very clear that the
66:
586:
Rivers, had bridges built, and made the land arable through irrigation. He had various government buildings, military barracks, schools and roads constructed. He made sure the customs revenue would enter the
Baghdad treasury, increased commerce, put a stop to fraudulent practices in title deeds and
357:
with the
Russians. In 1826 also, the Order of Janissaries was dissolved, and in preparation for the restructuring of the military, he was given the job of translating French texts concerning military rules and regulations. As he did a good job, Sultan Mahmud II, who gave great importance to these
396:
Once back in
Istanbul, Namık Pasha reintegrated his post as brigade-general. When the establishment of a military college for officers became indispensable, it is to Namık Pasha, alongside Marshal Ahmed Fevzi Pasha, already the director of a military school in Selimiye, that the Sultan turned to
516:
saw the
Ottoman state in dire need and it was to Namık Paşa, as Minister of Commerce, that the duty fell of looking for funds in Europe, a venture which took him to Paris and London for the whole of winter during 1853-1854 (from November to May) and during which he was received by Napoleon III.
366:
was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and was sent to Saint-Petersburg as military attaché with the duty first and foremost of studying the organization of the
Russian army. He returned a year later, to be appointed as colonel to a regiment which he succeeded to turn into an exemplary
375:
in due pomp but the
British proved ultimately unable to provide what he requested. He did however, take advantage of the opportunity: he secured arms from the U.K., and obtained the possibility of fourteen students to be sent by the Ottoman government to study in artillery, infantry and naval
493:— only to be called back a year later (in 1852) because the way he had dealt with one of the cases of rebellion had caused an upset — to his own immense satisfaction however, as he wrote in his letters, since he had been away from Istanbul for nine consecutive years. British Major General
389:
553:
In 1860 Namık Pasha was nominated by the
Ottoman Empire to be the Ottoman special envoy to Syria. However, France and England opposed this appointment, in part possibly due to resentment over the events in Jeddah, and the Porte appointed Fuad Pasha instead.
660:
His descendants live today mostly in Turkey (although some are located in the US, the U.K., France, Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia), and many are prominent personalities in the
Turkish mainstream. His late great-grandson, Ahmet Sinaplı, authored
601:
Namık Pasha commissioned the construction, with his own savings, of a building to house the
Ministry of War, the edifice which now functions as Istanbul University's main building in Beyazit and has come to symbolize “university” in Turkey.
370:
Namık Pasha was sent the same year as special envoy to London, with the rank of ambassador plenipotentiary, to ask for naval assistance against the insurgent Khedive Mohammed Ali of Egypt whom France was protecting. He was received by
425:
in such capitals as Paris and London. When an embassy was indeed opened in London, it fell to Namık Pasha to be the first to fill the post. He remained in London from 1834 to 1836, and had contacts with statesmen such as
338:(Imperial Cabinet) where he polished his education with courses in Arabic, Persian, grammar, Turkish elocution, and religious studies, as well as in French and English. He was sent to Paris during the reign of Sultan
310:(Head of Imperial Ministers). During a long career that spanned a long lifetime (he lived to be eighty-eight), he was one of the personalities who shaped, as well as were themselves shaped by, what historian
462:
began reigning in 1839.) This military success was a turning point in his career as it paved the way for his many positions as army commander and imperial administrator, and steered him away from diplomacy.
376:
schools in the U.K. In fact, he spent all the time he had left from visits of courtesy he was obliged to make, on touring military schools, factories, and shipyards—although he also befriended the likes of
578:. He succeeded in quieting down rebellious tribes and accomplished much in the way of construction. He replenished the Basra shipyard with ships he ordered from Istanbul, increased the traffic on the
587:
thus was able to regularize tax revenue. In 1867, when he returned, he brought to the public's purse in Istanbul a considerable amount of money as his office had amassed in Baghdad.
326:
Mehmed Namık was born in Constantinople, the son of Halil Ramis Agha, an instructor at the Ottoman Court, whose grandfather, Ümmeti Konevî (Ümmet from Konya) had migrated from
458:) alongside Tahir Pasha to fight rebellious troops. Fifteen months later the rebellion had been crushed and for his valor Namık Pasha was promoted (1837/1838). (Sultan
509:
Awarded a medal for the second rank of the Mecidî Order, Namık Pasha was made on his return, first, Marshall of Tophane (1852); then, Minister of Commerce (1853).
930:
669:
the only monograph so far dedicated to this Ottoman statesman who had represented throughout his life the proud and refined face of the Ottoman Empire.
380:, a French ambassador in London at the time. For example, one of the technological advancements he brought back was an improved lamp for Lighthouses.
915:
618:
acceded to the throne in 1876). He was a member of the delegation which signed the Edirne Armistice with the Russians after the 1877-1878 war.
362:, an act which, beyond being a token of appreciation, signaled Namık Efendi's entry into the ranks of the military. A year later Mehmed Namık
910:
566:
ascended the throne), he was sent on his second and longer post as viceroy to the province of Baghdad, to which were added the provinces of
498:
427:
657:
As befits an Ottoman grandee, he was married four times but divorced one of his wives. From the other three, he had eleven children.
306:(Supreme Commander of the Ottoman Army), he served as the Minister of War, became a Cabinet minister, and was conferred the title of
434:. Namık Pasha was well received in London, and displayed both fluency with language but also at adapting to local social customs.
431:
32:
274:(1804 – 1892) was an Ottoman statesman and military reformer, who is considered to be one of the founding fathers of the modern
925:
895:
521:
would not be able to borrow without the guarantees of the allied governments. Thus it was rather the Porte's instructions, the
522:
827:
651:
when she came to Constantinople. The "Namık Paşa Yokuşu" street in the area where his estate had been is named after him.
550:, while authority from the Sultan was awaited. However he would nevertheless be held responsible in the eyes of England.
342:(1808–1839). Mahmud II selected him as one of the Divanı Hümayun şakirds to be sent to study in Europe, and attended the
900:
905:
745:
494:
372:
625:(aide de camp to His Imperial Majesty), and it is in that capacity that he carried a note from the Sultan to
851:
Badem, Candan. “The Ottomans and the Crimean War.” Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Sabancı University, 2007.
421:
On his dispatches from London, Namık Pasha had indicated the necessity of a permanent representative of the
611:
275:
737:
330:. He was taught privately by his father until the age of fourteen, when, in 1816, he was appointed (as
590:
For his achievements in Baghdad, he received the medal of the first rank of the Order of Osman. The
284:
703:
British Diplomacy in Turkey, 1583 to the Present: A Study in the Evolution of the Resident Embassy
402:
626:
349:
On his return, one of the duties of Mehmed Namık Efendi, as a member of the secretariat of the
346:
there, improving at the same time his capacity of the French language he had already acquired.
772:
758:
717:
702:
687:
477:(imperial minister), Namık Paşa was appointed Commander of the Arabian Army, with the rank of
610:
In 1872 he was made Minister of Naval Forces, and selected as a member of the Meclis-i Âyân (
812:
732:
648:
890:
885:
644:
489:
In 1851 he was made Marshall of the Iraqi and Hejaz armies and viceroy of the province of
8:
688:
The London and Edinburgh philosophical magazine and journal of science, January-June 1836
354:
759:
The Bankers' magazine; Journal of the Money Market, and Commercial Digest, Vol. 14, 1854
920:
533:
Several other posts, administrative or diplomatic, ensued. He was appointed viceroy of
311:
343:
741:
442:
On his return to the Ottoman capital, and once again serving as general, he was made
353:
n, was to join as second interpreter the Ottoman delegation which signed in 1826 the
481:(Marshall), a position he would assume a year later and would carry for five years.
615:
410:
392:
Marshal Ahmed Fevzi Pasha, one of the founding fathers of the modern Ottoman army
20:
459:
143:
117:
451:
293:
231:
198:
194:
65:
879:
518:
446:(a rank between general and marshal, instituted after the dismantling of the
422:
297:
774:
The Annual Register, or a View of the History and Politicks of the Year 1858
537:
in 1856, then was made President of the Military Council in 1860, and later
249:
501:, strongly criticizing Namık Pasha's harsh approach to maintaining order.
544:
513:
629:. He received from the latter the medal of the Alexander Nevsky Order.
377:
24:
579:
563:
447:
339:
169:
96:
813:
An occasion for war: civil conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860
664:
539:
302:
48:
639:
Namık Pasha spent the last years of his life in retirement in the
490:
289:
282:
and acted as counsellor to at least four of them. He founded the
733:
The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: a documentary economic history
583:
534:
473:
413:(School of War for Ground Forces), which is still functioning.
406:
388:
367:
regiment. He was made brigade-general for his efforts in 1832.
279:
259:
471:
Various other posts followed and in 1843, elevated to being a
405:(Atatürk) as a student, has been moved from Constantinople to
571:
567:
455:
327:
56:
37:
595:
591:
575:
397:
entrust in 1834 the organization and administration of the
363:
800:. No. 28592. London. 3 September 1858. p. 6.
557:
777:. London: F & J Rivington. 1859. pp. 267–268
484:
497:
wrote a letter dated 1852 to then Foreign Secretary
314:
called “the longest century” of the Ottoman state (
621:Among the various titles he held was also that of
816:". page 104. University of California Press. 1994
383:
877:
466:
401:. Today the College, which boasts of having had
334:- student apprentice) to the secretariat of the
828:The Middle East in the world economy, 1800-1914
647:. It is in that mansion that he played host to
358:texts, rewarded him in 1827 with the rank of
931:Members of the Senate of the Ottoman Empire
865:. 1983. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2000.
605:
288:(The Ottoman Military Academy), was twice
64:
870:Şeyhül Vüzera, Serasker Mehmet Namık Paşa
856:Ottoman Administration of Iraq, 1890-1908
916:Political people from the Ottoman Empire
844:Akalın, Şehabeddin. “Mehmed Namık Paşa.”
831:" p. 181 IB Tauris. 1981 Reprinted 2002.
387:
150:Ottoman Ambassador to the United Kingdom
858:. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
643:he owned that extended from Ayapaşa to
504:
416:
878:
654:His death marked the end of an epoch.
300:at Saint-James's Court, was appointed
911:Field marshals of the Ottoman Empire
528:
872:. İstanbul: Yenilik Basımevi, 1987.
558:Viceroy of Baghdad, Basra and Mosul
13:
691:" Richard Taylor publishers. 1836.
485:Viceroy of the Province of Baghdad
437:
296:, was the first ambassador of the
41:, and there is no family name.
14:
942:
598:also presented him with a medal.
450:Order), and was sent to Trablus (
562:A year later, in 1861 (the year
242:
224:
762:". Groombridge & Sons. 1854
863:İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı
819:
804:
789:
765:
750:
724:
721:" pg 267. Henry Colbourn. 1837
709:
694:
679:
384:Co-founder of Mekteb-i Harbiye
316:İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı
210:Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
1:
926:Ottoman governors of Damascus
896:Turks from the Ottoman Empire
796:"The Bombardment of Jeddah".
672:
467:Commander of the Arabian Army
321:
7:
574:— in fact, the present-day
10:
947:
838:
738:Oxford University Press US
18:
901:Politicians from Istanbul
730:Issawi, Charles Philip. "
265:
255:
237:
219:
214:
204:
184:
179:
175:
165:
154:
149:
139:
128:
123:
113:
102:
92:
81:
76:
72:
63:
46:
906:Ottoman Military Academy
706:". Martinus Nijhof. 2009
606:Minister of Naval Forces
278:. He served under five
272:Mehmed Emin Namık Pasha
810:Tarazi Fawaz, Leila. "
393:
868:Sinaplı, Ahmet Nuri.
798:The Morning Chronicle
523:political conjuncture
391:
505:Minister of Commerce
417:Ambassador to London
854:Cetinsaya, Gokhan.
718:City of the Sultans
614:) in 1877. (Sultan
355:Akkerman Convention
848:ıv(1953)7:127-145.
700:Berridge, Geoff. "
667:Mehmet Namık Paşa,
394:
294:province of Bagdad
77:Viceroy of Baghdad
529:Viceroy of Jeddah
269:
268:
189:Mehmed Emin Namık
124:Viceroy of Jeddah
53:Mehmed Emin Namık
29:Mehmed Emin Namık
16:Military reformer
938:
861:Ortaylı, İlber.
832:
823:
817:
808:
802:
801:
793:
787:
786:
784:
782:
769:
763:
754:
748:
728:
722:
715:Pardoe, Julia. "
713:
707:
698:
692:
683:
564:Sultan Abdülaziz
399:Mekteb-i Harbiye
285:Mekteb-i Harbiye
248:
246:
245:
230:
228:
227:
215:Military service
180:Personal details
159:
133:
107:
86:
68:
44:
43:
23:style name, the
946:
945:
941:
940:
939:
937:
936:
935:
876:
875:
841:
836:
835:
824:
820:
809:
805:
795:
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780:
778:
771:
770:
766:
755:
751:
729:
725:
714:
710:
699:
695:
684:
680:
675:
663:Şeyhül Vüzera,
649:Empress Eugénie
608:
560:
531:
507:
495:Henry Rawlinson
487:
469:
440:
438:Naval Commander
419:
411:Kara Harp Okulu
386:
373:King William IV
344:École Militaire
324:
243:
241:
225:
223:
209:
193:
191:
190:
160:
155:
134:
129:
108:
103:
87:
82:
59:
54:
51:
42:
21:Ottoman Turkish
17:
12:
11:
5:
944:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
874:
873:
866:
859:
852:
849:
840:
837:
834:
833:
825:Owen, Roger. "
818:
803:
788:
764:
749:
723:
708:
693:
677:
676:
674:
671:
634:Şeyh-ül Vüzera
612:Ottoman Senate
607:
604:
559:
556:
530:
527:
506:
503:
486:
483:
468:
465:
439:
436:
418:
415:
409:and is called
385:
382:
336:Divanı Hümayun
323:
320:
308:Şeyh-ül Vüzera
267:
266:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
239:
238:Branch/service
235:
234:
232:Ottoman Empire
221:
217:
216:
212:
211:
208:1892 (aged 88)
206:
202:
201:
199:Ottoman Empire
195:Constantinople
188:
186:
182:
181:
177:
176:
173:
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167:
163:
162:
152:
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147:
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137:
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94:
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61:
60:
55:
52:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
943:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
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892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
871:
867:
864:
860:
857:
853:
850:
847:
846:Tarih Dergisi
843:
842:
830:
829:
822:
815:
814:
807:
799:
792:
776:
775:
768:
761:
760:
753:
747:
746:0-19-504951-9
743:
739:
735:
734:
727:
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719:
712:
705:
704:
697:
690:
689:
682:
678:
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668:
666:
658:
655:
652:
650:
646:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
624:
623:yaver-i ekrem
619:
617:
616:Abdülhamid II
613:
603:
599:
597:
593:
588:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
555:
551:
549:
548:
542:
541:
536:
526:
524:
520:
515:
510:
502:
500:
496:
492:
482:
480:
476:
475:
464:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
435:
433:
429:
424:
423:Sublime Porte
414:
412:
408:
404:
403:Mustafa Kemal
400:
390:
381:
379:
374:
368:
365:
361:
356:
352:
351:Divanı Hümayu
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
319:
317:
313:
312:İlber Ortaylı
309:
305:
304:
299:
298:Sublime Porte
295:
291:
287:
286:
281:
277:
273:
264:
261:
260:Field marshal
258:
254:
251:
240:
236:
233:
222:
218:
213:
207:
203:
200:
196:
187:
183:
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127:
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106:
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98:
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91:
85:
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71:
67:
62:
58:
50:
45:
40:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
869:
862:
855:
845:
826:
821:
811:
806:
797:
791:
779:. Retrieved
773:
767:
757:
752:
731:
726:
716:
711:
701:
696:
686:
681:
662:
659:
656:
653:
640:
638:
633:
632:He was made
631:
627:Alexander II
622:
620:
609:
600:
589:
561:
552:
546:
538:
532:
511:
508:
488:
478:
472:
470:
443:
441:
420:
398:
395:
369:
359:
350:
348:
335:
331:
325:
315:
307:
301:
283:
276:Ottoman Army
271:
270:
250:Ottoman Army
156:
144:Abdülmecid I
130:
118:Abdülmecid I
104:
83:
36:
28:
891:1892 deaths
886:1804 births
781:10 December
514:Crimean War
454:in today's
880:Categories
736:". p.113.
673:References
499:Malmesbury
460:Abdülmecit
432:Wellington
428:Palmerston
378:Talleyrand
220:Allegiance
31:, the
25:given name
921:Seraskers
636:in 1883.
580:Euphrates
545:HMS
448:Janissary
340:Mahmud II
322:Biography
318:, 1983).
170:Mahmud II
161:1834–1836
157:In office
135:1856–1860
131:In office
109:1851–1852
105:In office
97:Abdulaziz
88:1861–1867
84:In office
740:(1988).
665:Serasker
540:Serasker
360:alayemin
303:Serasker
49:Serasker
19:In this
839:Sources
645:Kabataş
547:Cyclops
491:Baghdad
452:Tripoli
292:of the
290:Viceroy
280:Sultans
166:Monarch
140:Monarch
114:Monarch
93:Monarch
744:
584:Tigris
535:Jeddah
407:Ankara
332:şakird
247:
229:
641:konak
572:Mosul
568:Basra
519:Porte
479:Müşir
474:vezir
456:Libya
444:ferik
328:Konya
57:Pasha
38:Pasha
33:title
783:2015
742:ISBN
596:Iran
592:Shah
582:and
576:Iraq
570:and
512:The
430:and
256:Rank
205:Died
192:1804
185:Born
594:of
364:Bey
35:is
27:is
882::
197:,
785:.
756:"
685:"
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