36:
402:
670:
2707:
1150:
2307:
734:, and the title, which was frequently used in warrants dealing with precedence and in public notifications, was basically one of ceremony used in connection with the state and social functions of the sovereign's representative. The governor-general continued to be the sole representative of the Crown, and the government of India continued to be vested in the Governor-General-in-Council.
2262:
all of them under the India-the Twelve orders of the supreme
Government of India, consisting of Provinces, the Governor-General in Council. The Governor-General, who also bears the title of Viceroy, holds his court and government at Calcutta in the cold weather, and during summer at Simla, an outer
1476:
who acted as king's representative in
Croatian lands and supreme commander of Croatian army. In the 18th century, Croatian bans eventually become chief government officials in Croatia. They were at the head of Ban's Government, effectively the first prime ministers of Croatia. The last ban held his
583:(1509–1515) centralized the post into a plenipotentiary office, which it remained after his tenure. The typical duration in office was usually three years, although powerful viceroys might extend their tenure; of the thirty-four governors of India in the 16th century, only six had longer mandates.
454:
attack, but the captains general were usually given political powers over the provinces under their command. Because the long distances to the viceregal capital would hamper effective communication, both audiencias and captains general were authorized to communicate directly with the crown through
1924:
The series of images of
English kings from Edward the Confessor to Edward I in London, British Library, Cotton MS Vitellius A. XIII/1 is widely familiar from television, textbooks, websites, and exhibitions. In spite of this, the origins and context of this set of four leaves are mysterious. The
449:
or town council. Audiencias primarily functioned as superior judicial tribunals, but unlike their
European counterparts, the New World audiencias were granted by law both administrative and legislative powers. Captaincies general were primarily military districts set up in areas with a risk of
1642:, he never openly declared himself independent. Adopting the title of viceroy was yet another way to walk the thin line between challenging the Sultan's power explicitly and respecting his jurisdiction. Muhammad Ali Pasha's grandson,
276:, the Spanish monarchy was shorn of its Italian possessions. These Italian territories, however, continued to have viceroys under their new rulers for some time; Naples until 1734, Sicily until 1816 and Sardinia until 1848.
1638:(1805–1848). This officer established an almost autonomous regime in Egypt, which officially still was under Ottoman rule. Although Mehemet Ali/Muhammad Ali used different symbols to mark his independence from the
2222:
This presidency comprises the lower basins of the Ganges and
Mahanuddy. Its chief towns are Calcutta, on the Hooghly, an arm of the Ganges, the capital of India, its seat of government, and the residence of the
1525:
In cultures all over the continent of Africa, the role of viceroy has been subsumed into a hereditary noble as opposed to strictly administrative position. In the Arabo-Berber north, for example, the title of
2675:
Aznar, Daniel/Hanotin, Guillaume/May, Niels F. (dir.), À la place du roi. Vice-rois, gouverneurs et ambassadeurs dans les monarchies française et espagnole (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles). Madrid: Casa de Velázquez,
535: – including, until 1752, all Portuguese possessions in the Indian Ocean, from southern Africa to Southeast Asia and Australasia – was governed alternatively by either a viceroy (Portuguese
1907:
852:, respectively. The portraits of the governors-general still hang in a room on the ground floor of the Presidential Palace, one of the last vestiges of both the viceroys and the British Raj.
2263:
spur of the Himálayas, 7000 feet above the level of the sea. The
Viceroy of India, and the Governors of Madras and Bombay, are usually British states- men appointed in England by the Queen
1925:
limited attention given to them has focused on the images rather than the Anglo-Norman captions attached to them, which forms a genealogy of the kings, derived from earlier sources. "
944:
also provide that all royal powers in
Australia, except the actual appointment of the governor-general and the governors, are exercisable by the viceregal representatives. The noun
1057:(генерал-губернатор). For example, during Vorontsov's term of office in Bessarabia, seven governor-generals were in, and at the same time he held the office of governor general of
2525:
2553:
Loi PRMG1721017V du 2017-07-20 Avis de vacance d'un emploi de directeur départemental interministériel adjoint, délégué à la mer et au littoral (DDTM des Pyrénées-Atlantiques)
1101:
1517:
As with many princely and administrative titles, viceroy is often used, generally unofficially, to render somewhat equivalent titles and offices in non-western cultures.
1855:
In Siam before 1885, the title was used for the heir-apparent or heir presumptive (Thai: กรมพระราชวังบวรสถานมงคล) The title was abolished and replaced with that of the
808:, the viceroy was the public face of the British presence in India, attending to many ceremonial functions as well as political affairs. As the representative of the
2744:. Jacinto Freire de Andrada. Translated into English by Peter Wyche. (1664) Henry Herrington, New Exchange, London. Facsimile edition (1994) AES Reprint, New Delhi.
1505:"ruler") with more discretion and autonomy than was granted other categories of governor. This was an extraordinary break from the centralized traditions of the
916:
1291:
868:
1254:
2807:
2802:
2599:
876:
1530:
is often used by individuals who derive their authority to rule from someone else in much the same way as a viceroy would. Elsewhere, subordinate
555:
tried to distribute power with three governors in different areas of jurisdiction: a government covering the area and possessions in East Africa,
189:
188:
The position of a viceroy is by royal appointment rather than a noble rank. An individual viceroy often also held a separate noble title, such as
864:
1622:
were military governors who were also appointed to provincial government, but they were appointed for military rather than civilian government.
405:
1451:
1497:
to receive regular instruction or reinforcement. The chosen governors of these provinces were empowered to act in place of the monarch (hence
342:
and South
America. The viceroys of these two areas had oversight over the other provinces, with most of the North American, Central American,
2787:
382:
established two additional viceroyalties to promote economic growth and new settlements on South
America. New viceroyalties were created for
1251:
Troilus de
Mesgouez, marquis de la Roche-Mesgouez (died February 1606): viceroy from 3 January 1578, lieutenant-general from 12 January 1598
2797:
2725:
2320:
2015:...the kings of England have retained the custom of using the Old Norman language when they give the royal assent... as: Le roy le veult;
1134:
904:
860:
813:
701:
2081:
2027:
2314:
2148:
1082:
872:
2719:
514:
832:
until 1911 and New Delhi afterwards. Additionally, whilst Calcutta was the capital of India, the viceroys spent the summer months at
128:), meaning "king". This denotes the position as one who acts on behalf of a king or monarch. A viceroy's territory may be called a
1235:
628:
2168:
2644:
2376:
2351:
2289:
1573:
as the customary representatives of their respective principals in the various areas that are under their immediate control.
587:
463:, which was appointed directly by the crown and had broad fiscal and administrative powers in political and military issues.
509:
391:
2487:
1127:
331:
2126:
Diffie, Bailey W. and George D. Winius (1977), "Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580", p.323-325, Minneapolis:
1970:
1929:" "Sir Louis, the son of Philip king of France, came into England.... King John reigned for seventeen and a half years..."
1606:
had a system of administration which involved both official governors appointed from the capital, and local feudal lords (
415:
The viceroyalties of the Spanish Americas and the Spanish East Indies were subdivided into smaller, autonomous units, the
934:
745:. They were largely unencumbered in the exercise of their authority and were among the most powerful men on earth in the
35:
2656:
697:
451:
2749:
2243:
2180:
2156:
2135:
1729:
1189:
727:
366:
on the island of Hispaniola for most of the colonial period). These large administrative territories became known as
1999:
334:, the institution of viceroys was adapted to govern the highly populated and wealthy regions of the north overseas:
1427:
by 1154. His war affairs are documented as he fought several notable battles. He also maintained ties with knights
1383:
1299:
1228:
1089:
723:
722:, although it was most frequently used in ordinary parlance, had no statutory authority, and was never employed by
47:
726:. Although the Proclamation of 1858 announcing the assumption of the government of India by the Crown referred to
641:
that were members of the Portuguese high nobility started to use the title of Viceroy. Brazil became a permanent
503:
43:
2691:
2498:
1171:
164:
can serve as a gender-neutral term. Vicereine is more commonly used to indicate a viceroy's wife, known as the
879:. Lord Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of India, but continued on as the first governor-general of the
2777:
2127:
1469:
1036:
481:
295:
273:
1097:(Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia; first under governors in Tbilisi 1802–1844) had viceroys of Transcaucasia.
730:
as "first viceroy and governor-general", none of the warrants appointing his successors referred to them as
2613:
1493:
towards the end of the sixth century for governors of important areas too far from the imperial capital of
1395:
774:
766:
762:
738:
707:
612:
401:
305:
290:
2456:
Ledonne, John P. (January–March 2002). "Administrative Regionalization in the Russian Empire 1802–1826".
2113:, p.65, Maria Cecília Costa Veiga de Albuquerque Ramos, Universidade de Lisboa, 2009 (In Portuguese) <
1986:
Languages: Anglo-Norman "Edward III and Henry, Duke of Lancaster, of the Order of the Garter "Roy Edward"
1379:
1106:
300:
2660:
2172:
892:
825:
821:
498:
383:
363:
315:
310:
285:
805:
693:
470:
241:
2114:
1265:(resident in France) from 8 October 1611 to 1672. Later there were governors and governors-general.
1856:
1167:
1123:
982:. It can be translated as "viceroy", "deputy", "lieutenant" (in the broadest sense of the word) or
492:
476:
429:(military districts), which in most cases became the bases for the independent countries of modern
335:
20:
1908:"Les roys de Engeltere: An illustrated genealogy for King Edward I (Cotton MS Vitellius A XIII/1)"
615:, as the king had multiple realms throughout Europe and delegated his powers to various viceroys.
2600:"Interview: Christian Schwarz-Schilling, High Representative for BiH: 'The Last Bosnian Viceroy'"
2089:
2061:
2035:
1541:
1160:
849:
433:. These units gathered the local provinces which could be governed by either a crown official, a
55:
2444:
1941:
1208:
2551:
1791:
abolished the post in order to increase the imperial direct ruling power in all over Vietnam.
718:, the Governor-General as representing the Crown became known as the Viceroy. The designation
669:
2782:
2279:
1927:
Sir Lowys fiz le Roy Phylippe de Fraunce en Engletere. Le Roy Jon regna .xvii. aunz e demy...
1635:
1279:
674:
580:
456:
435:
111:
1817:
dynasties, there existed positions of viceroys having control over various provinces (e.g.,
1424:
1081:; 20 June 1815 – 5 November 1916), had only one viceroy, 9 December 1815 – 1 December 1830:
1073:
782:
552:
548:
193:
2427:Тархов, Сергей, "Изменение административно-территориального деления России в XIII-XX в." (
1375:), until 27 November 1941, when the last Italian administrator surrendered to the Allies.
8:
1344:
1314:
1269:
1004:, or "knyaz deputies") were in charge of local administration. In particular, they ruled
841:
758:
487:
409:
347:
343:
339:
237:
178:
828:. During the office's history, the governors-general of India were based in two cities:
2465:
2339:
1748:
1658:
1399:
1356:
941:
926:
900:
845:
837:
711:
679:
1614:
were the former, and can be seen as equivalents of viceroys, governing the provinces (
220:
came to appoint numerous viceroys to rule over various parts of the increasingly vast
2792:
2745:
2440:
2436:
2382:
2372:
2347:
2285:
2239:
2176:
2152:
2131:
1565:
continue to occupy statutorily recognized positions in the contemporary countries of
1310:
880:
817:
778:
556:
445:
261:
257:
233:
174:
27:
2758:
2400:
1673:), denoted hereditary rulers of Ottoman vassal states, under the Sultan's titles of
789:
in 1947. Both countries finally severed complete ties with Britain when they became
1873:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1700:
denote officials who were, at least nominally, appointed to their positions by the
1670:
1643:
1490:
1368:
1348:
1066:
1053:
974:
922:
809:
798:
742:
608:
532:
430:
327:
265:
69:
985:
543:. The government started seven years after the discovery of sea route to India by
2631:
1800:
1776:
1666:
1545:
1537:
1432:
1403:
1352:
1318:
1220:
1020:
856:
654:
646:
638:
624:
379:
268:
to the Spanish throne, the historic Aragonese viceroyalties were replaced by new
205:
2614:
A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide: Portraits of Evil and Good
2428:
208:, where, beginning in the 14th century, it referred to the Spanish governors of
2065:
1725:
1587:
1494:
1473:
1463:
1440:
1334:
1119:
979:
658:
417:
221:
1306:
2771:
2713:
2645:
Encyclopædia Britannica: Ismail Pasha, Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt and New Spain
2275:
1788:
1720:
in 1867 ended the eyalet system, replacing it with more centrally-controlled
1701:
1639:
1603:
1415:
1094:
930:
750:
746:
634:
604:
600:
544:
217:
2386:
232:
In Europe, until the 18th century, the Habsburg crown appointed viceroys of
2618:
1850:
1814:
1810:
1697:
1662:
1566:
1506:
1290:(a post previously occupied by the king of France) and continues to send a
754:
564:
560:
395:
51:
2566:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century
1420:
99:
in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory.
2526:"L'île des Faisans, le mini-royaume des vice-rois d'Espagne et de France"
1806:
1717:
1559:
1555:
1058:
1024:
642:
351:
129:
2469:
1883:
1818:
1678:
1562:
1283:
1274:
1213:
1174: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1044:
1032:
794:
118:
39:
1439:
to their order. His own biological brother Dominic was on record as a
2111:
O Secretário dos despachos e coisas da Índia pero d´Alcáçova Carneiro
1822:
1709:
1689:
1619:
770:
715:
460:
426:
375:
359:
269:
133:
2502:
1477:
position until 1941 and the collapse of Yugoslavia in World War II.
1149:
387:
1868:
1752:
1611:
1607:
1436:
1372:
1048:
937:: "The Governor-General is the viceroy of the Queen of Australia".
790:
786:
765:, viceroys shared some limited aspects of their authority with the
422:
253:
249:
209:
156:
2712:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2576:
Judith Mary Upton-Ward, H. J. A. Sire. "24. The Priory of Vrana".
2369:Государев наместник : историческая повестьо М.Н. Кречетникове
844:
in Kolkata. They are used today as the official residences of the
2115:
http://repositorio.ul.pt/bitstream/10451/3387/1/ulfl080844_tm.pdf
1830:
1826:
1780:
1745:
1721:
1647:
1631:
1591:
1570:
1527:
1428:
1387:
1322:
1287:
829:
757:
with a large military force at their disposal in the form of the
576:
245:
213:
1787:
is sometimes translated to English as viceroy. In 1830, emperor
1321:". Pheasant Island is a French-Spanish condominium on the river
2657:
Goddess on the rise: pilgrimage and popular religion in Vietnam
2206:(new ed.), Vol. 4, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909, vol 4, p. 31.
2194:(new ed.), Vol. 4, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909, vol 4, p. 16.
1878:
1713:
1705:
1674:
1654:
1550:
1532:
1486:
836:. The two historic residences of the viceroys still stand: the
833:
572:
216:. After the unification, at the end of the 15th century, later
96:
1343:: The highest colonial representatives in the "federation" of
989:. The term has two periods of usage, with different meanings.
816:, the viceroy served as the grand master of the two principal
87:
1838:
1834:
1764:
1685:
1615:
1298:
viceroy to rule on their behalf (as does their co-ruler, the
1005:
999:
568:
103:
2742:
The Life of Dom John de Castro: The Fourth Vice Roy of India
1888:
1728:
was the only provincial governor entitled to a seat in the
1447:
1446:
Due to his vast powers over Bosnian politics and essential
1255:
Jean de Biencourt, sieur de Poutrincourt, baron de St. Just
1116:
355:
78:
1509:
and was an early example of the principle of viceroyalty.
2688:
Viceregal Administration in the Spanish American Colonies
1693:
1023:
powers. The latter has traditionally been translated as "
540:
2260:, London,UK: Trübner and Co., Ludgate Hill, p. 43,
1423:
was the first ruler and viceroy of Bosnia, appointed by
1035:" (or, as a common blunder, "viceregent"). For example,
769:, one of the first steps in the establishment of Indian
2149:"The Portuguese empire, 1415–1808: a world on the move"
2004:
Origins of the English People and the English Languages
1957:
C16: from French, from vice3 + roy king, from Latin rex
1732:, but only when a matter fell within his jurisdiction.
539:) or governor and commission located in the capital of
459:. The Bourbon Reforms introduced the new office of the
2484:
Handbook for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland
1775:, while Nguyen emperors ruled only the central region
1077:, while under the emperors of Russia as kings (styled
917:
List of current viceregal representatives of the Crown
2718:
2337:
2313:
81:
2220:, William Collins, Sons, & Company, p. 22,
1242:
1500 – 1560): 15 January 1541 – September 1543)
252:
during the brief period known as the Iberian Union,
84:
75:
2344:
A course in Russian history—the seventeenth century
2258:
The Indian Empire: Its People, History and Products
1751:(1802–1830). From 1802, under the reign of emperor
1105:, lasted from July 30, 1903, to June 8, 1905, with
378:viceroyalties until the 18th century, when the new
72:
26:"Viceregal" redirects here. For the racehorse, see
1744:) was a political post in the early period of the
1367:from 5 May 1936, when Italian forces occupied the
567:(Gujarat); a second one ruling the possessions in
1051:(1844–1854). Sometimes the term is confused with
978:) was an official position in the history of the
338:(Mexico and Philippines) and the south overseas:
224:in Europe, the Americas, and overseas elsewhere.
2769:
1347:(six provinces, each under a governor; together
1309:director, delegate for the sea and coast of the
2284:. Melbourne University Publishing. p. 38.
1759:who administered Vietnam's northern part named
154:is sometimes used to indicate a female viceroy
2333:
2331:
2249:
2209:
1452:high representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
1402:di San Savino and after his departure General
1236:Jean François de la Rocquet, sieur de Roberval
921:The term has occasionally been applied to the
710:, which transferred control of India from the
354:and the South American ones by the viceroy in
173:The term has occasionally been applied to the
132:, though this term is not always applied. The
190:Bernardo de Gálvez, 1st Viscount of Galveston
2544:
2066:http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50277245
1216:, in present Canada, had a single governor:
812:, who were also the kings and queens of the
2726:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
2328:
2321:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
2076:
2074:
1968:
1650:which was almost an equivalent to viceroy.
1512:
1135:List of viceroyalties of the Russian Empire
905:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
855:Notable governors-general of India include
814:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
702:Presidencies and provinces of British India
362:, which was overseen by the high court, or
2701:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1947.
1712:were appointed to govern provinces called
1128:colonization of the northwestern New World
777:and ultimately led to the independence of
227:
2523:
2517:
1634:of Egypt, especially during the reign of
1468:From the earliest medieval period in the
1190:Learn how and when to remove this message
358:, (with the exception of most of today's
2071:
1454:has been compared to that of a viceroy.
668:
400:
326:The Americas were incorporated into the
34:
2808:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
2803:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
2578:The Military Orders: On Land and by Sea
2455:
2274:
1450:powers, the modern-day position of the
1083:Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov
899:after 1700 until 1922, even though the
629:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
515:List of viceroys of the Río de la Plata
2770:
2632:"Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas"
2629:
2476:
2255:
2215:
1997:
1480:
1472:, the position of viceroy was held by
1139:
910:
773:. This process was accelerated by the
737:The viceroys reported directly to the
425:with the authority to judge), and the
2371:(in Russian). Kaluga: Золотая аллея.
2366:
1646:, subsequently received the title of
973:
588:List of governors of Portuguese India
204:The title was originally used by the
50:members, in front of the portrait of
2788:Spanish colonization of the Americas
1971:"Roy Edward (Edward III) manuscript"
1735:
1172:adding citations to reliable sources
1143:
797:republic in 1950 and Pakistan as an
547:, in 1505, under the first viceroy,
521:
332:Spanish colonization of the Americas
110:, meaning "in the place of" and the
1618:) by appointment from the capital.
1328:
1317:" carries the title of "viceroy of
935:Australian House of Representatives
579:to the Far East. However, Governor
350:areas supervised by the viceroy in
95:) is an official who reigns over a
13:
2798:Positions of subnational authority
2734:
2524:Richardot, Robin (2 August 2019).
1794:
1742:governor of all military provinces
1704:rather than hereditary privilege.
1202:
948:is rarely used, but the adjective
741:in London and were advised by the
698:List of governors-general of India
613:viceroys to govern Portugal itself
510:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
321:
14:
2819:
1625:
1581:
1576:
1491:Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire
1485:An equivalent office, called the
1457:
1257:(1557–1615): February 1606 – 1614
955:
903:had been merged in 1801 into the
664:
645:in 1763, when the capital of the
551:(b.1450–d.1510). Initially, King
199:
2705:
2630:Thapar, Romila (16 April 1961).
2305:
1716:, until the promulgation of the
1597:
1409:
1305:The French position of "adjunct
1223:: 24 July 1534 – 15 January 1541
1148:
185:representatives of the monarch.
68:
2669:
2649:
2638:
2623:
2606:
2592:
2583:
2570:
2559:
2491:
2449:
2418:
2393:
2360:
2298:
2268:
2228:
2197:
2185:
2161:
2141:
1248:September 1543 – 3 January 1578
1159:needs additional citations for
504:List of viceroys of New Granada
44:governor-general of New Zealand
2692:University of California Press
2683:. London: Edward Arnold, 1963.
2120:
2104:
2050:
2020:
1991:
1962:
1934:
1900:
1771:with administrative center in
1763:with administrative center in
1554:in the realms of the reigning
1011:In the 18th–20th centuries, a
1:
2699:The Spanish Empire in America
2486:, 1888, p. 460. Google Print
2346:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
2169:"A concise history of Brazil"
2128:University of Minnesota Press
2058:The Oxford English Dictionary
1969:Bruges, William (1430–1440).
1894:
1239:
1109:being the sole office holder.
810:emperors and empress of India
603:, between 1580 and 1640, the
482:List of viceroys of New Spain
296:List of viceroys of Catalonia
274:War of the Spanish Succession
2086:OxfordDictionariesOnline.com
2060:, 2nd ed. 1989, OED Online,
2032:OxfordDictionariesOnline.com
1396:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
1365:viceroy and governor-general
993:In the 12th–16th centuries,
775:Government of India Act 1935
767:Central Legislative Assembly
763:Government of India Act 1919
753:eras, ruling over an entire
739:secretary of state for India
708:Government of India Act 1858
306:List of viceroys of Sardinia
291:List of viceroys of Valencia
264:. With the ascension of the
7:
2204:Imperial Gazetteer of India
2192:Imperial Gazetteer of India
1975:William Bruges’ Garter Book
1862:
1107:Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev
1102:Viceroyalty of the Far East
1090:Viceroyalty of the Caucasus
893:lords lieutenant of Ireland
599:During some periods of the
594:
301:List of viceroys of Navarre
56:former Queen of New Zealand
16:Representative of a monarch
10:
2824:
2661:University of Hawaii Press
2173:Cambridge University Press
2151:, p. 66, JHU Press, 1998,
1848:
1798:
1461:
1413:
1332:
1206:
1132:
1074:Congress Kingdom of Poland
1015:was a person in charge of
914:
895:were often referred to as
886:
826:Order of the Indian Empire
822:Order of the Star of India
706:Following adoption of the
691:
687:
637:in 1640, the governors of
622:
499:Viceroyalty of New Granada
364:Audiencia of Santo Domingo
316:List of viceroys of Naples
311:List of viceroys of Sicily
286:List of viceroys of Aragon
102:The term derives from the
25:
18:
2686:Fisher, Lillian Estelle.
2681:Imperial Spain, 1469–1716
2367:Larin, Aleksandr (2004).
1946:www.collinsdictionary.com
1520:
1126:obviated viceroys in the
1122:'s 1799 formation of the
966:
806:Commander-in-Chief, India
761:. Under the terms of the
694:Governor-General of India
618:
471:Viceroyalty of the Indies
2589:Magyar Országos Levéltár
2256:Hunter, William (1886),
2238:, India Book House Ltd.
2216:Pearce, William (1876),
1513:Non-Western counterparts
1359:) were no longer styled
1124:Russian-American Company
526:
493:List of viceroys of Peru
477:Viceroyalty of New Spain
21:Viceroy (disambiguation)
2281:The Truth of the Matter
2062:Oxford University Press
1844:
1740:The post of Tổng Trấn (
1724:. the beylerbey of the
1542:King of the Zulu Nation
1292:personal representative
850:governor of West Bengal
653:) was transferred from
575:; and a third one from
374:). There were only two
228:In Spanish ruled Europe
2655:Philip Taylor (2004),
2458:Cahiers du Monde Russe
2147:A. J. R. Russell-Wood,
1767:and the southern part
1653:Other titles, such as
1261:Next were a series of
1209:French colonial empire
975:[nɐˈmʲesʲnʲɪk]
971:Russian pronunciation:
820:of British India: the
684:
412:
59:
2338:Klyuchevsky, Vasily;
1998:Roemer, Jean (1888).
1912:Les roys de Engeltere
1489:, was created in the
1462:Further information:
1431:and donated lands in
1414:Further information:
1333:Further information:
1207:Further information:
1133:Further information:
1047:(1823–44) and of the
915:Further information:
692:Further information:
672:
633:After the end of the
623:Further information:
581:Afonso de Albuquerque
457:Council of the Indies
406:Joaquín de la Pezuela
404:
38:
2778:Gubernatorial titles
1857:Crown Prince of Siam
1536:under the rule of a
1168:improve this article
1069:emperors of Russia:
553:Manuel I of Portugal
549:Francisco de Almeida
194:Viceroy of New Spain
19:For other uses, see
2740:Andrada (undated).
2729:(in Russian). 1906.
2505:on 23 November 2011
2340:Duddington, Natalie
2324:(in Russian). 1906.
2064:, 4 April 2000 <
2038:on 11 November 2012
1586:The viceroy in the
1481:Ancient antecedents
1345:Italian East Africa
1282:in the neighboring
1270:president of France
1229:lieutenants-general
1140:Other viceroyalties
952:is standard usage.
927:Commonwealth realms
911:Commonwealth realms
677:, King of England.
563:, overseeing up to
512:(1776–1814) –
501:(1717–1819) –
490:(1542–1824) –
488:Viceroyalty of Peru
479:(1535–1821) –
427:captaincies general
392:the Río de la Plata
270:captaincies general
179:Commonwealth realms
2720:"Наместники"
2315:"Наместники"
2092:on 13 January 2013
1659:Sharifate of Mecca
1636:Muhammad Ali Pasha
1594:(lit. vice king).
1470:Kingdom of Croatia
1425:Géza II of Hungary
1400:Francesco Jacomoni
1398:were the Marchese
1227:Thereafter it had
1065:existed under the
942:Australia Act 1986
901:Kingdom of Ireland
846:president of India
818:orders of chivalry
712:East India Company
685:
680:Bruges Garter Book
531:From 1505 to 1896
413:
394:in 1776 (capital,
386:in 1717 (capital,
60:
2482:Thomas Mitchell,
2378:978-5-7111-0347-9
2353:978-1-56324-317-2
2291:978-0-522-85212-7
2223:governor-general;
1755:, there were two
1736:Vietnamese Empire
1392:viceré of Albania
1378:On 7 April 1939,
1361:high commissioner
1311:Atlantic Pyrenees
1200:
1199:
1192:
1037:Mikhail Vorontsov
1031:as "viceroy" or "
933:in 1973 told the
923:governors-general
881:Dominion of India
869:The Earl of Minto
840:in New Delhi and
557:Arabian Peninsula
522:Portuguese Empire
175:governors-general
167:viceregal consort
48:Executive Council
28:Viceregal (horse)
2815:
2757:
2730:
2722:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2697:Harding, C. H.,
2679:Elliott, J. H.,
2664:
2653:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2627:
2621:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2602:. 31 March 2006.
2596:
2590:
2587:
2581:
2574:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2501:. Archived from
2495:
2489:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2453:
2447:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2253:
2247:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2218:History of India
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2165:
2159:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2118:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2088:. Archived from
2078:
2069:
2056:"Viceroyal, a",
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2034:. Archived from
2024:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2010:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1904:
1874:Governor-General
1730:Imperial Council
1681:, respectively.
1671:Khanate of Kazan
1384:Albanian Kingdom
1369:Ethiopian Empire
1329:Italian colonies
1300:Bishop of Urgell
1241:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1152:
1144:
1067:House of Romanov
1061:. The following
1054:governor general
997:(more correctly
977:
972:
968:
877:Lord Mountbatten
842:Government House
799:Islamic republic
743:Council of India
651:Estado do Brasil
609:king of Portugal
571:(Hindustan) and
533:Portuguese India
431:Hispanic America
328:Crown of Castile
272:. At the end of
266:House of Bourbon
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
77:
74:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2812:
2768:
2767:
2755:
2737:
2735:Further reading
2717:
2706:
2704:
2672:
2667:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2639:
2628:
2624:
2611:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2481:
2477:
2454:
2450:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2379:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2336:
2329:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2273:
2269:
2254:
2250:
2236:Dome Over India
2233:
2229:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2166:
2162:
2146:
2142:
2125:
2121:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2008:
2006:
1996:
1992:
1979:
1977:
1967:
1963:
1950:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1865:
1853:
1847:
1803:
1801:Viceroy (China)
1797:
1795:Chinese empires
1738:
1684:Titles such as
1667:Crimean Khanate
1628:
1600:
1584:
1579:
1548:or subordinate
1546:Southern Africa
1538:paramount chief
1523:
1515:
1483:
1466:
1460:
1418:
1412:
1404:Alberto Pariani
1337:
1331:
1319:Pheasant Island
1278:, the title of
1221:Jacques Cartier
1211:
1205:
1203:French colonies
1196:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1165:
1153:
1142:
1137:
1021:plenipotentiary
1017:namestnichestvo
970:
958:
919:
913:
889:
873:Lord Chelmsford
861:Lord Cornwallis
857:Warren Hastings
838:Viceroy's House
704:
690:
667:
647:State of Brazil
631:
625:Colonial Brazil
621:
607:, who was also
597:
529:
524:
410:viceroy of Peru
380:Bourbon dynasty
370:(Spanish term:
324:
322:In the Americas
230:
206:Crown of Aragon
202:
192:, who was also
71:
67:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2702:
2695:
2684:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2648:
2637:
2622:
2605:
2591:
2582:
2569:
2558:
2543:
2516:
2490:
2475:
2448:
2417:
2392:
2377:
2359:
2352:
2327:
2297:
2290:
2276:Whitlam, Gough
2267:
2248:
2227:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2167:Boris Fausto,
2160:
2140:
2119:
2103:
2070:
2049:
2019:
1990:
1961:
1933:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1849:Main article:
1846:
1843:
1799:Main article:
1796:
1793:
1769:Gia Định thành
1749:Nguyễn dynasty
1737:
1734:
1726:Rumelia Eyalet
1627:
1626:Ottoman Empire
1624:
1599:
1596:
1588:Magadha Empire
1583:
1582:Magadha Empire
1580:
1578:
1577:Indian empires
1575:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1495:Constantinople
1482:
1479:
1474:Ban of Croatia
1464:Ban of Croatia
1459:
1458:Ban of Croatia
1456:
1441:Knight Templar
1411:
1408:
1335:Italian Empire
1330:
1327:
1259:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1231:and viceroys:
1225:
1224:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1009:
980:Russian Empire
957:
956:Russian Empire
954:
929:, for example
912:
909:
888:
885:
804:Alongside the
689:
686:
666:
665:British Empire
663:
659:Rio de Janeiro
620:
617:
596:
593:
592:
591:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
518:
507:
496:
485:
474:
408:, penultimate
323:
320:
319:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
282:
281:
229:
226:
222:Spanish Empire
218:kings of Spain
201:
200:Spanish Empire
198:
42:(centre), the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2820:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2750:81-206-0900-X
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2714:public domain
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2641:
2633:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2601:
2595:
2586:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2301:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2244:81-7508-352-2
2241:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2181:0-521-56526-X
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2157:0-8018-5955-7
2154:
2150:
2144:
2137:
2136:0-8166-0782-6
2133:
2129:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1779:from capital
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1702:Sublime Porte
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:Sublime Porte
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:Mughal Empire
1598:Mughal Empire
1595:
1593:
1589:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1518:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1416:Ban of Bosnia
1410:Ban of Bosnia
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1380:Italy invaded
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1194:
1191:
1183:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1157:This section
1155:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:Transcaucasia
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1001:
996:
992:
991:
990:
988:
987:
981:
976:
964:
963:
953:
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
931:Gough Whitlam
928:
924:
918:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
793:– India as a
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:British Crown
713:
709:
703:
699:
695:
682:
681:
676:
671:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:Iberian Union
630:
626:
616:
614:
610:
606:
605:king of Spain
602:
601:Iberian Union
589:
586:
585:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:Vasco da Gama
542:
538:
534:
517:
516:
511:
508:
506:
505:
500:
497:
495:
494:
489:
486:
484:
483:
478:
475:
472:
469:
468:
467:
464:
462:
458:
453:
448:
447:
442:
441:alcalde mayor
438:
437:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:
411:
407:
403:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:viceroyalties
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
279:
278:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
195:
191:
186:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
152:
147:
146:
142:, less often
141:
140:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
92:
65:
57:
53:
49:
46:, appointing
45:
41:
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2783:Noble titles
2760:
2756:(in Russian)
2741:
2724:
2698:
2690:. Berkeley,
2687:
2680:
2670:Bibliography
2651:
2640:
2625:
2619:Google Books
2617:, p. 25, at
2612:
2608:
2594:
2585:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2561:
2552:
2546:
2534:. Retrieved
2529:
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2432:
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2420:
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2234:Nath, Aman,
2230:
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2191:
2187:
2163:
2143:
2130:. David Tan
2122:
2110:
2106:
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2090:the original
2085:
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2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2036:the original
2031:
2022:
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2007:. Retrieved
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1993:
1985:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:
1964:
1956:
1949:. Retrieved
1945:
1936:
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1923:
1918:17 September
1916:. Retrieved
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1507:Roman Empire
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1180:January 2010
1177:
1166:Please help
1161:verification
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2763:: namestnik
2532:(in French)
2530:Le Monde.fr
2509:23 November
2464:(1): 5–33.
2096:22 November
2082:"vicereine"
2042:22 November
2028:"viceregal"
1914:. 1272–1307
1805:During the
1718:Vilayet Law
1665:(as in the
1657:(as in the
1590:was called
1501:"outside",
1339:In Italian
1307:département
1246:interregnum
1085:(1779–1831)
1059:Novorossiya
1025:viceroyalty
865:Lord Curzon
759:Indian Army
643:Viceroyalty
590:(1505–1961)
473:(1492–1535)
450:foreign or
439:(sometimes
384:New Granada
372:virreinatos
352:Mexico City
348:East Indian
330:. With the
160:, although
148:. The term
130:viceroyalty
2772:Categories
2410:19 January
1895:References
1884:Vicegerent
1819:Liangguang
1746:Vietnamese
1710:beylerbeys
1679:Great Khan
1620:Mansabdars
1563:Yorubaland
1357:Somaliland
1284:microstate
1275:ex officio
1214:New France
1063:namestniks
1045:Bessarabia
1033:vicegerent
1002:namestniks
995:namestniks
967:наме́стник
965:(Russian:
724:Parliament
675:Edward III
466:See also:
443:) or by a
436:corregidor
418:audiencias
181:, who are
119:Old French
40:Cindy Kiro
2580:. p. 221.
2445:0869-5377
1942:"viceroy"
1823:Guangdong
1789:Minh Mạng
1785:Tổng Trấn
1761:Bắc thành
1757:Tổng Trấn
1690:beylerbey
1612:Subahdars
1608:zamindars
1540:like the
1421:Ban Borić
1280:Co-Prince
1272:retains,
1041:namestnik
1029:namestnik
1013:namestnik
986:appointee
984:in place
962:Namestnik
950:viceregal
801:in 1956.
791:republics
787:dominions
771:home rule
751:Edwardian
747:Victorian
461:intendant
376:New World
360:Venezuela
344:Caribbean
336:New Spain
280:See also:
242:Catalonia
183:viceregal
151:vicereine
145:viceroyal
139:viceregal
134:adjective
2793:Viceroys
2663:, p. 36.
2536:2 August
2499:"КАВКАЗ"
2470:20174656
2387:83755197
2342:(1994).
2278:(2005).
2175:, 1999,
2171:, p.50,
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1773:Gia Định
1753:Gia Long
1722:vilayets
1437:Slavonia
1373:Ethiopia
1349:Ethiopia
1296:de facto
1263:viceroys
1093: –
1049:Caucasus
848:and the
830:Calcutta
824:and the
783:Pakistan
732:viceroys
655:Salvador
595:Portugal
537:vice-rei
423:tribunal
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250:Portugal
238:Valencia
210:Sardinia
157:suo jure
136:form is
2761:rono.ru
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1632:Khedive
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1429:Templar
1388:Albania
1386:(today
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1288:Andorra
1019:, with
946:viceroy
925:of the
897:viceroy
887:Ireland
795:secular
720:Viceroy
714:to the
577:Malacca
446:cabildo
246:Navarre
214:Corsica
177:of the
162:viceroy
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1341:viceré
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700:, and
673:"Roy"
639:Brazil
619:Brazil
573:Ceylon
565:Cambay
452:Indian
390:) and
388:Bogotá
262:Naples
260:, and
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2676:2014.
2466:JSTOR
2433:Логос
2000:"roy"
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1765:Hanoi
1686:pasha
1000:knyaz
834:Simla
779:India
688:India
569:India
527:India
108:vice-
104:Latin
2746:ISBN
2538:2022
2511:2011
2441:ISSN
2412:2010
2383:OCLC
2373:ISBN
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2240:ISBN
2177:ISBN
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