791:
767:
758:
390:
779:
358:
746:
60:
715:
691:
679:
822:
703:
126:
619:
43:
631:
607:
810:
727:
643:
476:
655:
506:, and miners habitations. In addition to the Buddhist monasteries and other structures from the Buddhist era that have already been identified, Mes Aynak also holds the remains of prior civilizations likely going as far back as the 3rd century BC. Historians are particularly excited by the prospect of learning more about the early science of metallurgy and mining by exploring this site. It is known to contain coins, glass, and the tools for making these, going back thousands of years.
484:
667:
595:
843:, directed by Brent E. Huffman, tells the story of the archaeological site, as well as the dangerous environment the mine has created for archaeologists, Chinese workers, and local Afghans. The film follows several main characters, including Philippe Marquis, a French archaeologist leading emergency conservation efforts; Abdul Qadeer Temore, an Afghan archaeologist at the Afghan National Institute of Archaeology; Liu Wenming, a manager for the
93:
464:
133:
100:
67:
451:. International experts have warned that the project, and other similar projects in Afghanistan, could be threatened because MCC has not fulfilled promises made to the Afghan government, such as the lack of provision of proper housing for relocated villagers. Other investments that have yet to be fulfilled include a railway, a 400-megawatt power plant and a coal mine. A report by
548:
to work to save Mes Aynak's cultural treasures. The site could either become a positive model for mineral extraction working to preserve cultural heritage or become an irreparable failure. However, a number of measures, that are not currently in place, must be met first. The site is still scheduled for destruction in
January 2013.
564:
has provided a million dollars of U.S. military funding to help save the
Buddhist ruins. As of June 2013 there is an international team of 67 archaeologists on site, including French, English, Afghans and Tajiks. There are also approximately 550 local labourers, which is set to increase to 650 in the
547:
in
Washington, D.C., to assess the situation in Mes Aynak. The provisional findings were tentatively encouraging: because of the length of time before mining can actually start at the site (approximately five years), it is indeed possible for collaboration between archaeologists and mining engineers
531:
housed before the war. The site covers roughly 400,000 square metres (4,300,000 sq ft), encompassing several separate monasteries and a commercial area. It appears that
Buddhists who began settling the area almost two millennia ago were drawn by the availability of copper. More recently, a
431:
The Afghan Mining
Ministry estimates that the mine holds some six million tons of copper (5.52 million metric tons). The mine is expected to be worth tens of billions of dollars, and to generate jobs and economic activity for the country, but threatens the site's archaeological remains. The site is
284:
and market areas. The site contains artifacts from the Bronze Age, and some of the artifacts recovered have dated back over 3000 years. The wealth of Mes Aynak's residents has been well represented in the site's far-reaching size and well-guarded perimeter. Archaeologists are only beginning to find
428:(MCC) for US$ 3 billion, making it the biggest foreign investment and private business venture in Afghanistan's history. Allegations have persisted that the then-minister of mines obstructed the contracting process and accepted a large bribe to eliminate the other companies involved in the bid.
576:
The rescue work was continuing as of June 2014, in spite of difficulties. There were only 10 international experts working at the site, and fewer than 20 Afghan archaeologists from Kabul's
Institute of Archaeology. A team of seven Tajik archaeologists was also helping. Marek Lemiesz, a senior
518:
was put in place. This plan still foresees the destruction of the site and everything still buried beneath it, but it does allow for the removal of whatever artifacts can be carried away by a small archaeological team led by DAFA, the French archaeological mission to
Afghanistan.
1955:
551:
Excavators at Mes Aynak have been denounced as "promoting
Buddhism" and threatened by the Taliban and many of the Afghan excavators who are working for purely financial reasons don't feel any connection to the Buddhist artifacts.
790:
495:" by French archaeologist, Philippe Marquis. There are thought to be 19 separate archaeological sites in the valley including two small forts, a citadel, four fortified monasteries, several Buddhist stupas and a
296:
Afghanistan's eagerness to unearth the copper below the site is leading to the site's destruction rather than its preservation. Archaeologists have photographed the site and the relics have been excavated.
766:
509:
All of this historical material is in imminent danger of destruction by the mining endeavor. In response to negative reports in the press comparing the
Chinese mining company to those who destroyed the
365:
As its name suggests, the presence of copper at Mes Aynak has been known about for some time, while the site's archaeological wealth had been discovered by
Russian and Afghan geologists in 1973–1974.
778:
455:, an independent advocacy group that focuses on natural resource exploitation, said there was a "major gap" between the government's promises of transparency and its follow-through.
1128:
2048:
536:, found in 2010 has been identified as a depiction of Prince Siddhartha before he founded Buddhism and has been taken to support the idea that there was an ancient monastic
745:
1247:
565:
summer. When this occurs Mes Aynak will become "the largest rescue dig anywhere in the world". All these personnel are protected by 200 armed guards. The team are using
2043:
544:
1231:
880:
In April 2015, Brent E. Huffman announced a plan to raise awareness of Mes Aynak through a #SaveMesAynak Global Screening Day and a fundraising campaign.
1663:
1599:
Kartemquin Films announced today that they will make director Brent E. Huffman's film Saving Mes Aynak available for free to the people of Afghanistan.
946:
3743:
2289:
1945:
1272:
1181:
1450:
1688:
1503:
1411:
1394:
1369:
3728:
491:
Archaeologists believe that Mes Aynak is a major historical heritage site. It has been called "one of the most important points along the
389:
3447:
2337:
1080:
543:
In June 2012, a conference of experts in the fields of geology, mining engineering, archaeology, history and economic development met at
1213:
3382:
2092:
1834:
1654:
1125:
714:
3600:
1437:
1168:
757:
59:
2471:
1743:
1556:
42:
3702:
357:
280:
The site of Mes Aynak possesses a vast 40 ha (100 acres) complex of Buddhist monasteries, homes, over 400 Buddha statues,
161:
3723:
1905:
1260:
1196:
975:
844:
1676:
2038:
874:
690:
3657:
2282:
1824:
1328:
561:
1026:
3652:
2653:
1925:
1829:
1715:
125:
1583:
678:
3063:
1930:
1920:
1476:
821:
702:
3733:
2199:
630:
618:
3662:
2932:
2312:
2246:
606:
583:
On 24 July 2024, the start of the mes aynak mine project was inaugurated with the start of the road to the mine.
1346:
3697:
3642:
2892:
2275:
1146:
528:
809:
726:
654:
3186:
2648:
2164:
1935:
1313:
1217:
383:
A period of slow decline began in the 8th Century, and the settlement was finally abandoned 200 years later.
1039:
642:
3647:
399:
954:
580:
There were also indications that mining plans were being delayed because of the declining copper prices.
447:, and the plan regarding the opening and closing of the mine, as well as any guarantees contained in the
1649:
92:
2912:
1326:
Experts Show How to Preserve Ancient Mes Aynak Ruins While Safely Mining Copper Near Kabul, Afghanistan
443:
As of July 2012, MCC has not developed an environmental impact plan, and has remained secretive about
3148:
2442:
1900:
537:
515:
425:
1111:
1066:
527:
Between May 2010 and July 2011 archaeologists excavated approximately 400 items; more than what the
432:
accessed via a 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) motorable track from the surfaced road between Kabul and
3595:
3168:
2882:
2872:
2867:
2462:
2452:
2417:
1748:
1683:
566:
444:
215:
203:
1530:
3692:
3580:
3457:
3362:
3206:
3088:
2497:
2447:
2298:
2251:
2087:
1658:
1415:
1391:
1377:
927:
1287:
666:
3672:
3432:
2457:
2392:
2194:
1758:
1708:
368:
Mes Aynak was at the peak of its prosperity between the 5th and 7th centuries AD. Coins of the
220:
1084:
3738:
3507:
3482:
3392:
3023:
2857:
2119:
848:
419:
3442:
3289:
2824:
2622:
594:
1614:
Lerner, Judith A. (2018). "A prolegomenon to the study of pottery stamps from Mes Aynak".
8:
3682:
3616:
3472:
2897:
2887:
2617:
2542:
577:
archaeologist at the site, said that more help was needed. Security was also a concern.
3632:
3585:
3452:
3367:
3352:
3309:
3264:
3128:
2917:
2703:
2592:
2552:
2477:
2322:
2219:
2184:
2174:
2099:
2077:
1950:
1814:
1763:
1631:
1560:
1001:
916:
898:
870:
511:
393:
Statue of a donator. Polychrome stucco on a clay core. Mes Aynak, 3rd - 6th century CE
3687:
2796:
2638:
2612:
2607:
2507:
2492:
2382:
2377:
2347:
2327:
2214:
1701:
1689:"Rescuing Mes Aynak". Hannah Bloch, photographs by Simon Norfolk. National Geographic
1635:
1096:
1051:
290:
17:
380:
were found here, which confirms the Alchon presence in this area around 450-500 CE.
3677:
3605:
3226:
3113:
2922:
2907:
2756:
2602:
2562:
2517:
2502:
1798:
1738:
1623:
1534:
922:
859:
839:
244:
1325:
3667:
3610:
3550:
3540:
3502:
3244:
2937:
2736:
2693:
2675:
2512:
2482:
2387:
2362:
2317:
2235:
2229:
1398:
1332:
1292:
1132:
3627:
3590:
3412:
3347:
3221:
3073:
3058:
3028:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2746:
2597:
2587:
2547:
2332:
2256:
2209:
2179:
2169:
2053:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1819:
1773:
1768:
1753:
1451:"Start of Mes Aynak Mine Project: A Catalyst for Afghanistan's Economic Growth"
475:
452:
407:
270:
208:
1557:"Filmmakers Launch 'Saving Mes Aynak' Campaign for Afghan Archaeological Site"
1169:
Chinese Copper Mine In Afghanistan Threatens 2,600-Year-Old Buddhist Monastery
3717:
3622:
3575:
3467:
3299:
3284:
3216:
2975:
2741:
2713:
2698:
2658:
2557:
2412:
2397:
2352:
2241:
2189:
2144:
1915:
1910:
1865:
1778:
176:
163:
1182:
Are Chinese Miners Destroying a 2,000-Year-Old Buddhist Site in Afghanistan?
990:"From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush"
3545:
3512:
3492:
3397:
3304:
3259:
3236:
3153:
3048:
2965:
2955:
2847:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2527:
2467:
2432:
2357:
2129:
2124:
2033:
2023:
2008:
1970:
1860:
1508:
2267:
1627:
883:
In June 2015, the film was offered for free streaming within Afghanistan.
573:
and aerial 3D images to produce a comprehensive digital map of the ruins.
483:
3637:
3570:
3522:
3487:
3462:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3402:
3357:
3337:
3329:
3158:
3143:
3093:
3083:
3038:
2995:
2771:
2766:
2731:
2532:
2487:
2427:
2224:
2204:
2139:
2134:
2082:
2069:
1985:
1895:
1793:
1788:
1783:
904:
503:
499:
496:
424:
In November 2007, a 30-year lease was granted for the copper mine to the
266:
196:
16:
This article is about the archaeological site. For the cricket team, see
1202:. Afghanistan Geological Survey and the British Geological Survey. 2005.
1005:
989:
3517:
3342:
3274:
3269:
3196:
3178:
3138:
3123:
3103:
3068:
3053:
3015:
3005:
2990:
2980:
2947:
2834:
2761:
2537:
2437:
2367:
2058:
1980:
1875:
1870:
978:, Afghanistan Geological Survey and the British Geological Survey, 2005
570:
369:
336:
286:
261:, was a major Buddhist settlement 40 km (25 mi) southeast of
2721:
1370:"Mega Copper Deal in Afghanistan Fuels Rush to Save Ancient Treasures"
1081:"Militants attacks kill 8 Afghan security personnel in Logar province"
796:
Statue of bodhisattva Śäkyamuni, Schist. Mes Aynak, 3rd-5th century CE
3437:
3319:
3254:
3201:
3191:
3163:
3098:
3043:
3033:
2970:
2960:
2806:
2683:
2643:
2572:
2422:
1965:
1940:
492:
772:
Head of a donator, polychromed stucco, Mes Aynak, 3rd-6th century CE
3497:
3477:
3078:
2902:
2816:
2751:
2522:
1851:
1724:
1232:
Afghanistan’s Mineral Wealth Could Be a Bonanza—or Lead to Disaster
1027:
Mes Aynak: Afghanistan's Buddhist buried treasure faces destruction
910:
892:
448:
373:
586:
463:
410:. Eight security guards were killed and five others were wounded.
3377:
3372:
3314:
3249:
3133:
3118:
2985:
2862:
2852:
2801:
2407:
2109:
2104:
2028:
2018:
2013:
1975:
1960:
1670:
437:
403:
3279:
3211:
2842:
2776:
2688:
2402:
2003:
1995:
1273:"Ancient treasures on shaky ground as Chinese miners woo Kabul"
847:; and Laura Tedesco, an American archaeologist working for the
433:
377:
274:
240:
3108:
3000:
2927:
2877:
2726:
2372:
858:
will be completed by the end of 2014, and is being made with
533:
468:
281:
262:
1088:
784:
King and his warriors, relief, Mes Aynak, 3rd-6th century CE
502:, as well as ancient copper workings, smelting workshops, a
3532:
3294:
2342:
1693:
1261:
Future of Afghan mining sector threatened by weak contracts
1184:
1147:"Is China really eyeing Afghanistan's mineral resources?"
1043:
273:. The site is also the location of Afghanistan's largest
1288:"Deciding Between Heritage and Hard Cash in Afghanistan"
1504:"Afghanistan archeological site in a race for survival"
1477:"A New Dawn for Afghanistan's Mes Aynak Copper Mine?"
1314:
Ancient Statue Reveals Prince Who Would Become Buddha
1126:
Race to save Buddhist relics in former Bin Laden camp
361:
Statue of the Buddha, Mes Aynak, 3rd-6th century CE.
1584:"Saving Mes Aynak is free to watch in Afghanistan"
540:dedicated to Siddhartha's pre-enlightenment life.
253:, meaning "little source of copper"), also called
751:Drachm, Vahram IV, Silver, Mes Aynak, 388–399 CE.
479:The archeologists' camp sits beneath a monastery.
3715:
1197:"Aynak Information Package Part I Introduction"
587:Site overview-archaeological excavation gallery
1438:Saving Buddhist statues: Afghanistan’s big dig
1390:Global Heritage Fund blog article (July 2012)
436:. The mining lease holders propose to build a
289:site beneath the Buddhist level, including an
2283:
1709:
1242:
1240:
1144:
1040:"Insurgents kill guards of Logar copper mine"
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
320:
315:) literally means "little source of copper";
1248:Afghanistan mining wealth thwarted by delays
344:
330:
310:
248:
47:Remains of a Buddhist monastery at Mes Aynak
2297:
1214:"Agreement signed for north-south corridor"
901:— archaeological site in Nangarhar Province
2290:
2276:
1716:
1702:
1523:
1347:"Ancient site needs saving not destroying"
1237:
1012:
895:— archaeological site in Kandahar Province
3601:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
1392:GHF Supports Buddhas of Aynak Documentary
1335:ARCH International, archinternational.org
907:— archaeological site in Baghlan Province
487:Archeologists excavating the monasteries.
482:
474:
462:
406:attacked a security checkpoint near the
388:
356:
3448:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
2338:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
1744:Achaemenid invasion of the Indus Valley
1549:
1344:
873:in Amsterdam and in the US at the 2015
3744:Former populated places in Afghanistan
3716:
3703:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
1613:
1531:"Saving Mes Aynak comes to Kartemquin"
1145:Trakimavicius, Lukas (22 March 2021).
555:
458:
2271:
1697:
1581:
1367:
1285:
987:
845:China Metallurgical Group Corporation
720:Mes Aynak hill top excavation workers
522:
1501:
1495:
1345:Huffman, Brent (24 September 2012).
1319:
1189:
947:"Rescuing Mes Aynak - Photo Gallery"
875:Full Frame Documentary Film Festival
285:remnants of an older 5,000-year-old
25:Place in Logar Province, Afghanistan
3729:Archaeological sites in Afghanistan
3658:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
1825:Hellenistic influence on Indian art
854:In July 2014 it was announced that
345:
331:
321:
311:
249:
13:
3653:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
2654:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1830:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
1607:
14:
3755:
3064:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
1643:
1502:Ward, Olivia (14 December 2012).
1409:
1250:The Australian, theaustralian.com
1025:Dalrymple, William (31 May 2013)
132:
99:
66:
2200:Post-Mauryan coinage of Gandhara
1650:A restored Buddha from Mes Aynak
1368:Bloch, Hannah (September 2015).
1286:Baker, Aryn (17 November 2011),
1246:Nissenbaum, Dion (14 June 2012)
1230:Benard, Dr Cheryl (4 July 2012)
820:
808:
789:
777:
765:
756:
744:
725:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
269:, located in a barren region of
131:
124:
98:
91:
65:
58:
41:
3663:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
2933:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
2247:Silver Reliquary of Indravarman
1575:
1469:
1443:
1430:
1403:
1384:
1361:
1338:
1306:
1279:
1265:
1253:
1224:
1206:
1174:
1167:Vogt, Heidi (14 November 2010)
696:Mes Aynak hill top excavation 2
413:
3698:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
3643:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
1455:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1161:
1138:
1118:
1087:on 19 August 2020 – via
1073:
1032:
981:
969:
939:
919:— archaeological site in Bannu
913:— archaeological site in Bolan
832:
660:Mes Aynak monastery structure
529:National Museum of Afghanistan
1:
2649:Silk Road transmission of art
2165:Aramaic Inscription of Taxila
1665:Ancient Buddhas, Modern Peril
1218:Railway Gazette International
1083:. 17 May 2020. Archived from
933:
684:Mes Aynak hill top excavation
636:Mes Aynak monastery structure
3724:Central Asian Buddhist sites
3648:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
1723:
1180:Huffman, Brent (17 May 2012)
1124:Bailey, Martin (April 2010)
827:Photography of wall painting
801:
737:
708:Mes Aynak overview East hill
624:Mes Aynak monastery overview
612:Mes Aynak monastery overview
300:
230:2,120 m (6,958 ft)
7:
1582:Corey, Joe (25 June 2015).
886:
10:
3760:
1312:Jarus, Owen (6 June 2012)
1042:. 17 May 2020 – via
440:to serve the copper mine.
417:
352:
15:
3563:
3531:
3328:
3235:
3177:
3149:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
3014:
2946:
2833:
2815:
2712:
2674:
2667:
2631:
2305:
2157:
2067:
1994:
1850:
1843:
1835:Art of Gandhara by museum
1807:
1731:
1089:http://www.xinhuanet.com/
976:Aynak Information Package
815:Mes Aynak Buddha painting
732:Mes Aynak overview East 2
516:archaeological excavation
467:Newly excavated Buddhist
426:China Metallurgical Group
349:), which means "source".
226:
214:
202:
192:
157:
52:
40:
30:
3596:Mogao Christian painting
3169:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
2883:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
2873:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
1749:Greek conquests in India
1131:28 February 2012 at the
994:The Numismatic Chronicle
648:Mes Aynak north overview
571:georectified photography
567:ground-penetrating radar
3734:Buddhism in Afghanistan
3693:Saksanokhur gold buckle
3581:Hephthalite silver bowl
3458:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
2498:Second Turkic Khaganate
2299:History of Central Asia
2252:Hephthalite silver bowl
1659:Global Heritage Network
988:Alram, Michael (2014).
928:Buddhism in Afghanistan
148:Show map of Afghanistan
145:Mes Aynak (Afghanistan)
3673:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
3433:Alexandria Prophthasia
2458:First Turkic Khaganate
2393:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
2195:Saptarishi Tila statue
1759:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
1185:http://asiasociety.org
1044:http://www.menafn.com/
869:premiered at the 2014
488:
480:
472:
394:
362:
291:ancient copper smelter
221:Mohammad Agha District
115:Show map of Hindu-Kush
112:Mes Aynak (Hindu-Kush)
82:Show map of South Asia
3483:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
2858:Karsakpay inscription
2313:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
1628:10.3366/afg.2018.0016
1440:america.aljazeera.com
849:U.S. State Department
837:A documentary titled
562:U.S. Embassy in Kabul
514:, a plan for minimal
486:
478:
466:
420:Mining in Afghanistan
392:
360:
325:) is "copper", while
3290:Kutlug Timur Minaret
2825:Noin-Ula burial site
2623:Chinese Central Asia
1412:"Rescuing Mes Aynak"
1397:26 July 2012 at the
1331:29 June 2012 at the
1220:. 23 September 2010.
3683:Siberian Ice Maiden
3473:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
2888:Petrovka settlement
2618:Soviet Central Asia
2543:Great Seljuq Empire
1374:National Geographic
1275:. 15 November 2010.
1171:The Huffington Post
1135:theartnewspaper.com
951:National Geographic
556:Recent developments
459:Archaeological work
445:feasibility studies
173: /
3633:Buddhas of Bamiyan
3586:Chilek silver bowl
3453:Buddhas of Bamiyan
3129:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
2918:Talapty Settlement
2704:Filippovka kurgans
2593:Khanate of Bukhara
2553:Khwarazmian Empire
2478:Ikhshids of Sogdia
2323:Afanasievo culture
2220:Treasure of Begram
2185:Buddhas of Bamiyan
2175:Kanishka reliquary
1815:Greco-Buddhist art
1764:Indo-Greek kingdom
1380:on 14 August 2015.
917:Sheri Khan Tarakai
871:IDFA film festival
672:Mes Aynak overview
523:Rescue excavations
512:Buddhas of Bamiyan
489:
481:
473:
395:
363:
3711:
3710:
3688:Ai-Khanoum plaque
3559:
3558:
3363:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
2639:Central Asian art
2613:Russian Turkestan
2608:Chinese Turkestan
2508:Abbasid Caliphate
2472:Anxi Protectorate
2418:Kushano-Sasanians
2383:Macedonian Empire
2378:Achaemenid Empire
2348:Andronovo culture
2328:Sintashta culture
2265:
2264:
2215:Rukhuna reliquary
2153:
2152:
2088:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
2039:Lalchak monastery
1418:on 14 August 2015
1234:thedailybeast.com
1104:External link in
1059:External link in
957:on 15 August 2015
532:stone statue, or
234:
233:
177:34.400°N 69.367°E
18:Mis Ainak Knights
3751:
3678:Seal of Khingila
3606:Penjikent murals
3227:Kalai Kafirnigan
3114:Koi Krylgan Kala
2923:Turkistan (city)
2908:Steppe Geoglyphs
2672:
2671:
2603:Khanate of Khiva
2563:Chagatai Khanate
2518:Saffarid dynasty
2503:Uyghur Khaganate
2292:
2285:
2278:
2269:
2268:
1848:
1847:
1799:Ghaznavid Empire
1739:Gandhara kingdom
1718:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1678:Saving Mes Aynak
1671:Saving Mes Aynak
1639:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1535:Kartemquin Films
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1414:. Archived from
1407:
1401:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1376:. Archived from
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1342:
1336:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1244:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1187:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1142:
1136:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1047:
1036:
1030:
1023:
1010:
1009:
985:
979:
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
953:. Archived from
943:
923:Kharwar District
867:Saving Mes Aynak
865:The documentary
860:Kartemquin Films
856:Saving Mes Aynak
840:Saving Mes Aynak
824:
812:
793:
781:
769:
760:
748:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
633:
621:
609:
597:
348:
347:
334:
333:
324:
323:
314:
313:
252:
251:
188:
187:
185:
184:
183:
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
149:
135:
134:
128:
116:
102:
101:
95:
83:
69:
68:
62:
45:
28:
27:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3668:Afrasiab murals
3611:Sampul tapestry
3555:
3551:Shahr-e Sukhteh
3541:Bandian complex
3527:
3503:Musalla Complex
3383:Tapa-i Kafariha
3324:
3245:Cave of Dzhebel
3231:
3173:
3010:
2942:
2938:Araltobe kurgan
2829:
2811:
2737:Kizilgaha caves
2708:
2694:Pazyryk burials
2676:Southern Russia
2663:
2627:
2513:Tahirid dynasty
2483:Tokhara Yabghus
2388:Seleucid Empire
2363:Pazyryk culture
2318:Yamnaya culture
2301:
2296:
2266:
2261:
2236:Brussels Buddha
2230:Standing Buddha
2149:
2093:Tapa-i Kafariha
2063:
1990:
1839:
1803:
1727:
1722:
1646:
1610:
1608:Further reading
1605:
1592:
1590:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1563:. 26 April 2015
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1410:Bloch, Hannah.
1408:
1404:
1399:Wayback Machine
1389:
1385:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1339:
1333:Wayback Machine
1324:
1320:
1316:livescience.com
1311:
1307:
1298:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1259:(24 April 2012)
1258:
1254:
1245:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1133:Wayback Machine
1123:
1119:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1013:
986:
982:
974:
970:
960:
958:
945:
944:
940:
936:
889:
835:
828:
825:
816:
813:
804:
797:
794:
785:
782:
773:
770:
761:
752:
749:
740:
733:
730:
721:
718:
709:
706:
697:
694:
685:
682:
673:
670:
661:
658:
649:
646:
637:
634:
625:
622:
613:
610:
601:
600:Mes Aynak Stupa
598:
589:
558:
525:
461:
422:
416:
397:
386:
355:
303:
181:
179:
175:
172:
167:
164:
162:
160:
159:
153:
152:
151:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:
136:
119:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
103:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
76:
75:
74:
70:
48:
36:
33:
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3757:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3628:Bimaran Casket
3625:
3620:
3617:Sogdian Daēnās
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Gardez Ganesha
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3413:Takht-e Rostam
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3348:Dilberjin Tepe
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3222:Takht-i Sangin
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3074:Guldursun-Kala
3071:
3066:
3061:
3059:Dalverzin Tepe
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Akchakhan-Kala
3026:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Dunhuang Caves
2784:
2782:Bezeklik Caves
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:Subashi Temple
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2598:Durrani Empire
2595:
2590:
2588:Timurid Empire
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:Vakhsh culture
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2257:Gardez Ganesha
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2210:Shinkot casket
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2180:Stone palettes
2177:
2172:
2170:Bimaran Casket
2167:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2074:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1906:Sikri Yusufzai
1903:
1898:
1893:
1891:Loriyan Tangai
1888:
1886:Kanishka stupa
1883:
1881:Shaji-ki-Dheri
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1820:Greco-Buddhism
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1774:Indo-Parthians
1771:
1769:Indo-Scythians
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:Mauryan Empire
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1721:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1652:
1645:
1644:External links
1642:
1641:
1640:
1622:(2): 239–256.
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1574:
1548:
1522:
1494:
1483:. 31 July 2024
1468:
1457:. 24 July 2024
1442:
1436:24 June 2014,
1429:
1402:
1383:
1360:
1337:
1318:
1305:
1278:
1264:
1252:
1236:
1223:
1205:
1188:
1173:
1160:
1137:
1117:
1072:
1031:
1029:guardian.co.uk
1011:
980:
968:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
925:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
888:
885:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
819:
817:
814:
807:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
788:
786:
783:
776:
774:
771:
764:
762:
755:
753:
750:
743:
739:
736:
735:
734:
731:
724:
722:
719:
712:
710:
707:
700:
698:
695:
688:
686:
683:
676:
674:
671:
664:
662:
659:
652:
650:
647:
640:
638:
635:
628:
626:
623:
616:
614:
611:
604:
602:
599:
592:
588:
585:
557:
554:
524:
521:
460:
457:
453:Global Witness
415:
412:
408:Mes Aynak mine
354:
351:
302:
299:
271:Logar Province
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
209:Logar Province
206:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
182:34.400; 69.367
155:
154:
144:
138:
137:
130:
129:
123:
122:
121:
120:
111:
105:
104:
97:
96:
90:
89:
88:
87:
78:
72:
71:
64:
63:
57:
56:
55:
54:
53:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
34:
31:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3756:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:Oxus Treasure
3621:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:Orlat plaques
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:Dasht-e Nawar
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:Monjukli Depe
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Konye-Urgench
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Takht-i Kuwad
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:Koshoy Korgon
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Kumtura Caves
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2714:Western China
2711:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:Salbyk kurgan
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:Arzhan kurgan
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2659:Serindian art
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Mongol Empire
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Ghurid Empire
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:Western Turks
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Kushan Empire
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:Guiyi Circuit
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:Median Empire
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2353:Tagar culture
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Bajaur casket
2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Buner reliefs
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2145:Tepe Maranjan
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Butkara Stupa
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Sahr-i-Bahlol
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Kushan Empire
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1537:. 1 July 2014
1536:
1532:
1526:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1149:. Energy Post
1148:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1113:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1068:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
984:
977:
972:
956:
952:
948:
942:
938:
929:
926:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
890:
884:
881:
878:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
841:
823:
818:
811:
806:
805:
792:
787:
780:
775:
768:
763:
759:
754:
747:
742:
741:
728:
723:
716:
711:
704:
699:
692:
687:
680:
675:
668:
663:
656:
651:
644:
639:
632:
627:
620:
615:
608:
603:
596:
591:
590:
584:
581:
578:
574:
572:
568:
563:
553:
549:
546:
541:
539:
535:
530:
520:
517:
513:
507:
505:
501:
498:
494:
485:
477:
470:
465:
456:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
429:
427:
421:
411:
409:
405:
401:
391:
387:
384:
381:
379:
375:
371:
366:
359:
350:
342:
338:
328:
318:
308:
298:
294:
292:
288:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
246:
242:
238:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
213:
210:
207:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
186:
158:Coordinates:
156:
127:
94:
61:
51:
44:
39:
29:
23:
19:
3739:Buddhist art
3615:
3546:Mount Khajeh
3513:Qala-i-Jangi
3493:Khair Khaneh
3398:Khair Khaneh
3387:
3305:Namazga-Tepe
3260:Anau culture
3237:Turkmenistan
3154:Tavka Kurgan
3049:Balalyk Tepe
2966:Burana Tower
2956:Aigyr-Zhal 2
2848:Issyk kurgan
2583:Kart dynasty
2578:Sufi dynasty
2568:Golden Horde
2493:Oghuz Yabgus
2468:Tang dynasty
2433:Hephthalites
2358:Uyuk culture
2234:
2130:Sphola Stupa
2125:Khair Khaneh
2114:
2034:Kunala Stupa
2024:Mohra Muradu
2009:Dharmarajika
1971:Pushkalavati
1951:Saidu Sharif
1861:Takht-i-Bahi
1794:Hindu Shahis
1677:
1664:
1619:
1615:
1598:
1591:. Retrieved
1588:Inside Pulse
1587:
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1509:Toronto Star
1507:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:The Diplomat
1480:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1454:
1445:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:the original
1405:
1386:
1378:the original
1373:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1340:
1321:
1308:
1297:, retrieved
1291:
1281:
1267:
1255:
1226:
1208:
1191:
1176:
1163:
1153:30 September
1151:. Retrieved
1140:
1120:
1085:the original
1075:
1034:
997:
993:
983:
971:
959:. Retrieved
955:the original
950:
941:
882:
879:
866:
864:
855:
853:
838:
836:
582:
579:
575:
559:
550:
542:
526:
508:
490:
442:
430:
423:
414:Mining lease
396:
385:
382:
367:
364:
340:
326:
316:
306:
304:
295:
279:
258:
254:
236:
235:
22:
3638:Kabul hoard
3571:Sokh snakes
3523:Surkh Kotal
3488:Haji Piyada
3463:Darra-e Kur
3428:Yemshi Tepe
3423:Tillya Tepe
3418:Tepe Fullol
3408:Tepe Narenj
3403:Tapa Sardar
3393:Fondukistan
3358:Tapa Shotor
3338:Tepe Fullol
3330:Afghanistan
3159:Toprak-Kala
3144:Shahrukhiya
3094:Kampir Tepe
3084:Itchan Kala
3039:Ancient Pap
2996:Shakh Fazil
2868:Krasnyi Yar
2772:Mogao Caves
2732:Kizil Caves
2668:Archaeology
2533:Farighunids
2488:Turk Shahis
2428:Alchon Huns
2225:Wardak Vase
2205:Kabul hoard
2140:Tepe Narenj
2135:Tapa Sardar
2120:Fondukistan
2083:Tapa Shotor
2070:Afghanistan
1986:Sikri stupa
1926:Shingardara
1896:Jamal Garhi
1844:Archaeology
1789:Turk Shahis
1784:Alchon Huns
1680:documentary
1616:Afghanistan
1515:14 December
905:Surkh Kotal
833:Documentary
500:fire temple
497:Zoroastrian
400:17 May 2020
267:Afghanistan
259:Mis-e-Ainak
197:Afghanistan
180: /
3718:Categories
3518:Rag-i-Bibi
3343:Ai-Khanoum
3275:Gonur Depe
3270:Dev-Kesken
3207:Kafir-kala
3197:Ajina tepe
3179:Tajikistan
3139:Sarmishsay
3124:Kyzyl-Kala
3104:Khalchayan
3089:Kafir-kala
3069:Fayaz Tepe
3054:Burchmulla
3016:Uzbekistan
3006:Tash Rabat
2981:Manas Ordo
2948:Kyrgyzstan
2835:Kazakhstan
2538:Ghaznavids
2443:Ustrushana
2438:Tocharians
2368:Massagetae
2059:Bhir Mound
1981:Hashtnagar
1931:Ali Masjid
1921:Aziz Dheri
1876:Aziz Dheri
1871:Baho Dheri
1684:Al Jazeera
1353:3 November
1107:|via=
1062:|via=
934:References
418:See also:
370:Alchon Hun
337:diminutive
287:Bronze Age
3564:Artifacts
3438:Aq Kupruk
3388:Mes Aynak
3320:Ulug Depe
3255:Altyndepe
3202:Cyropolis
3192:Penjikent
3164:Varakhsha
3099:Kara Tepe
3044:Ayaz-Kala
3034:Akhsikath
3024:Afrasiyab
2971:Issyk-Kul
2961:Balasagun
2807:Beshbalik
2684:Sintashta
2644:Silk Road
2573:Ilkhanate
2528:Ma'munids
2423:Kidarites
2158:Artifacts
2115:Mes Aynak
1966:Charsadda
1941:Ahin Posh
1901:Yusufzai
1655:Mes Aynak
1636:194927542
1422:19 August
1299:20 August
961:19 August
802:Paintings
738:Artifacts
493:Silk Road
307:Mes Aynak
305:The word
301:Etymology
277:deposit.
255:Mis Ainak
237:Mes Aynak
227:Elevation
139:Mes Aynak
106:Mes Aynak
79:Mes Aynak
73:Mes Aynak
32:Mes Aynak
3498:Mundigak
3478:Firozkoh
3368:Shotorak
3187:Bunjikat
3079:Hazorasp
2903:Shilikty
2893:Boralday
2817:Mongolia
2752:Dunhuang
2523:Samanids
2453:Farghana
2306:Polities
2100:Shotorak
2068:Eastern
2054:Mankiala
2044:Badalpur
1852:Peshawar
1725:Gandhara
1567:26 April
1487:8 August
1461:8 August
1395:Archived
1329:Archived
1129:Archived
1097:cite web
1052:cite web
1006:44710198
911:Mehrgarh
893:Mundigak
887:See also
449:contract
374:Khingila
339:form of
216:District
204:Province
3443:Asqalan
3378:Bimaran
3373:Paitava
3315:Togolok
3250:Abiward
3134:Poykent
3119:Koktepe
2986:Navekat
2863:Kerderi
2853:Jankent
2802:Kashgar
2777:Tumshuq
2722:Bulayïq
2632:Culture
2448:Khuttal
2408:Xiongnu
2110:Bimaran
2105:Paitava
2049:Bhallar
2029:Jandial
2019:Kalawan
2014:Jaulian
1976:Ranigat
1961:Barikot
1956:Chakpat
1916:Bhamala
1808:Culture
1732:History
1673:website
1561:Variety
1000:: 274.
438:railway
404:Taliban
372:rulers
353:History
335:) is a
312:مس عينک
250:مس عينک
245:Persian
193:Country
168:69°22′E
165:34°24′N
35:مس عينک
3508:Nagara
3280:Jeitun
3212:Sarazm
2898:Sawran
2843:Begash
2797:Khotan
2792:Loulan
2403:Yuezhi
2004:Sirkap
1996:Taxila
1936:Sphola
1634:
1593:2 July
1541:7 July
1004:
434:Gardez
402:, the
378:Mehama
282:stupas
275:copper
241:Pashto
3353:Hadda
3109:Khiva
3001:Suyab
2991:Özgön
2928:Urpek
2913:Sumbe
2878:Otrar
2767:Rawak
2757:Miran
2727:Kucha
2078:Hadda
1854:basin
1632:S2CID
1349:. CNN
1200:(PDF)
1002:JSTOR
899:Hadda
534:stele
469:stupa
327:aynak
263:Kabul
3533:Iran
3310:Nisa
3295:Merv
3265:Anau
2762:Niya
2343:Saka
1946:Swat
1595:2015
1569:2015
1543:2014
1517:2012
1489:2024
1463:2024
1424:2015
1355:2012
1301:2012
1293:Time
1155:2021
1112:help
1067:help
963:2015
560:The
545:SAIS
538:cult
504:mint
376:and
332:عينک
1682:on
1657:on
1624:doi
998:174
398:On
346:عين
341:ayn
317:mis
257:or
3720::
1630:.
1618:.
1597:.
1586:.
1559:.
1533:.
1506:.
1479:.
1453:.
1372:.
1290:,
1239:^
1216:.
1101::
1099:}}
1095:{{
1056::
1054:}}
1050:{{
1014:^
996:.
992:.
949:.
877:.
862:.
851:.
569:,
322:مس
293:.
265:,
247::
2474:)
2470:(
2291:e
2284:t
2277:v
1717:e
1710:t
1703:v
1638:.
1626::
1620:1
1571:.
1545:.
1519:.
1491:.
1465:.
1426:.
1357:.
1157:.
1114:)
1110:(
1091:.
1069:)
1065:(
1046:.
1008:.
965:.
471:.
343:(
329:(
319:(
309:(
243:/
239:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
