393:. These branches are characterized by their respective governing equations, which include Maxwell's equations (a wave equation describing transverse waves), other wave equations (for longitudinal and transverse waves), and diffusion equations (pertaining to diffusion processes). Crafted to govern a range of diffusion activities, diffusion metamaterials prioritize diffusion length as their central metric. This crucial parameter experiences temporal fluctuations while remaining immune to frequency variations. In contrast, wave metamaterials, designed to adjust various wave propagation paths, consider the wavelength of incoming waves as their essential metric. This wavelength remains constant over time, though it adjusts with frequency alterations. Fundamentally, the key metrics for diffusion and wave metamaterials present a stark divergence, underscoring a distinct complementary relationship between them. For comprehensive information, refer to Section I.B, "Evolution of metamaterial physics," in Ref.
31:
4357:(RAM) or by purpose shaping of the targets such that the scattered energy can be redirected away from the source. While RAMs have narrow frequency band functionality, purpose shaping limits the aerodynamic performance of the target. More recently, metamaterials or metasurfaces are synthesized that can redirect the scattered energy away from the source using either array theory or generalized Snell's law. This has led to aerodynamically favorable shapes for the targets with the reduced RCS.
418:
10467:
4415:). Subwavelength structures like metamaterials can be integrated with for instance silicon waveguides to develop and polarization beam splitters and optical couplers, adding new degrees of freedom of controlling light propagation at nanoscale for integrated photonic devices. Other applications such as integrated mode converters, polarization (de)multiplexers, structured light generation, and on-chip bio-sensors can be developed.
1348:
10024:
353:) display negative permittivity; the challenge was achieving negative permeability (Ό < 0). In 1999 Pendry demonstrated that a split ring (C shape) with its axis placed along the direction of wave propagation could do so. In the same paper, he showed that a periodic array of wires and rings could give rise to a negative refractive index. Pendry also proposed a related negative-permeability design, the
4051:. The local electromagnetic fields of the inclusions in nonlinear metamaterials can be much larger than the average value of the field. Besides, remarkable nonlinear effects have been predicted and observed if the metamaterial effective dielectric permittivity is very small (epsilon-near-zero media). In addition, exotic properties such as a negative refractive index, create opportunities to tailor the
4457:. When the electromagnetic field passes through the ring, an induced current is created. The generated field is perpendicular to the light's magnetic field. The magnetic resonance results in a negative permeability; the refraction index is negative as well. (The lens is not truly flat, since the structure's capacitance imposes a slope for the electric induction.)
1793:
4112:
processes. Through meticulous adjustment of their structure and composition, meta-biomaterials hold promise in augmenting various biomedical technologies such as medical imaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. This underscores the importance of comprehending biological systems through the interdisciplinary lens of materials science.
2120:. A magneto-optic effect is a phenomenon in which an electromagnetic wave propagates through such a medium. In such a material, left- and right-rotating elliptical polarizations can propagate at different speeds. When light is transmitted through a layer of magneto-optic material, the result is called the
4024:
Typically materials found in nature, when homogeneous, are thermally isotropic. That is to say, heat passes through them at roughly the same rate in all directions. However, thermal metamaterials are anisotropic usually due to their highly organized internal structure. Composite materials with highly
4553:
The
Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials "Metamorphose VI AISBL" is an international association to promote artificial electromagnetic materials and metamaterials. It organizes scientific conferences, supports specialized journals, creates and manages research
4098:
proved mathematically that one can in principle invert the sign of a 3 materials based composite in 3D made out of only positive or negative sign Hall coefficient materials. Later in 2015 Muamer Kadic et al. showed that a simple perforation of isotropic material can lead to its change of sign of the
76:
engineered to have a property, typically rarely observed in naturally occurring materials, that is derived not from the properties of the base materials but from their newly designed structures. Metamaterials are usually fashioned from multiple materials, such as metals and plastics, and are usually
2946:
also exists and a planar object is said to be chiral if it cannot be superposed onto its mirror image unless it is lifted from the plane. 2D-chiral metamaterials that are anisotropic and lossy have been observed to exhibit directionally asymmetric transmission (reflection, absorption) of circularly
2222:
EBGs have the goal of creating high quality, low loss, periodic, dielectric structures. An EBG affects photons in the same way semiconductor materials affect electrons. PCs are the perfect bandgap material, because they allow no light propagation. Each unit of the prescribed periodic structure acts
1365:
Negative-index metamaterials (NIM) are characterized by a negative index of refraction. Other terms for NIMs include "left-handed media", "media with a negative refractive index", and "backward-wave media". NIMs where the negative index of refraction arises from simultaneously negative permittivity
4111:
Meta-biomaterials have been purposefully crafted to engage with biological systems, amalgamating principles from both metamaterial science and biological areas. Engineered at the nanoscale, these materials adeptly manipulate electromagnetic, acoustic, or thermal properties to facilitate biological
4102:
In 2015, it was also demonstrated by
Christian Kern et al. that an anisotropic perforation of a single material can lead to a yet more unusual effect namely the parallel Hall effect. This means that the induced electric field inside a conducting media is no longer orthogonal to the current and the
4071:
oil. The spheres compress under pressure, and regain their shape when the pressure is relieved. Their properties differ across those two states. Unpressurized, they scatter light, making them opaque. Under pressure, they collapse into half-moon shapes, focusing light, and becoming transparent. The
3274:
These metamaterials use different parameters to achieve a negative index of refraction in materials that are not electromagnetic. Furthermore, "a new design for elastic metamaterials that can behave either as liquids or solids over a limited frequency range may enable new applications based on the
3256:
Frequency selective surface-based metamaterials block signals in one waveband and pass those at another waveband. They have become an alternative to fixed frequency metamaterials. They allow for optional changes of frequencies in a single medium, rather than the restrictive limitations of a fixed
2180:
and therefore it is called a hyperbolic metamaterial. The extreme anisotropy of HMMs leads to directional propagation of light within and on the surface. HMMs have showed various potential applications, such as sensing, reflection modulator, imaging, steering of optical signals, enhanced plasmon
4532:
The
Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) encompasses dozens of Universities and a few government organizations. Participating universities include UC Berkeley, UC Los Angeles, UC San Diego, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Imperial College in London. The sponsors are
4495:
Three-dimensional composites of metal/non-metallic inclusions periodically/randomly embedded in a low permittivity matrix are usually modeled by analytical methods, including mixing formulas and scattering-matrix based methods. The particle is modeled by either an electric dipole parallel to the
321:
In 1995, John M. Guerra fabricated a sub-wavelength transparent grating (later called a photonic metamaterial) having 50 nm lines and spaces, and then coupled it with a standard oil immersion microscope objective (the combination later called a super-lens) to resolve a grating in a silicon
182:
d=λ/(2NA) that can be achieved by conventional lenses having a numerical aperture NA and with illumination wavelength λ. Sub-wavelength optical metamaterials, when integrated with optical recording media, can be used to achieve optical data density higher than limited by diffraction. A form of
2207:
metamaterials (EBG or EBM) control light propagation. This is accomplished either with photonic crystals (PC) or left-handed materials (LHM). PCs can prohibit light propagation altogether. Both classes can allow light to propagate in specific, designed directions and both can be designed with
2215:, because the PC derives its properties from its bandgap characteristics. PCs are sized to match the wavelength of light, versus other metamaterials that expose sub-wavelength structure. Furthermore, PCs function by diffracting light. In contrast, metamaterial does not use diffraction.
4395:. The materials can be made through a high-precision, multi-layer deposition process. The thickness of each layer can be controlled within a fraction of a wavelength. The material is then compressed, creating precise wrinkles whose spacing can cause scattering of selected frequencies.
1314:
structured metamaterials. However, these are usually considered distinct from metamaterials, as their function arises from diffraction or interference and thus cannot be approximated as a homogeneous material. However, material structures such as photonic crystals are effective in the
2923:. The first refers to one of the two circularly polarized waves that are the propagating modes in chiral media. The second relates to the triplet of electric field, magnetic field and Poynting vector that arise in negative refractive index media, which in most cases are not chiral.
2951:, where the arrangement of a (achiral) structure together with the radiation wave vector is different from its mirror image, and observed large, tuneable linear optical activity, nonlinear optical activity, specular optical activity and circular conversion dichroism. Rizza
4504:
coefficients. In general, this procedure is known as the "point-dipole approximation", which is a good approximation for metamaterials consisting of composites of electrically small spheres. Merits of these methods include low calculation cost and mathematical simplicity.
4496:
electric field or a pair of crossed electric and magnetic dipoles parallel to the electric and magnetic fields, respectively, of the applied wave. These dipoles are the leading terms in the multipole series. They are the only existing ones for a homogeneous sphere, whose
1252:, another class of electromagnetic materials. Unlike the local resonances, Bragg scattering and corresponding Bragg stop-band have a low-frequency limit determined by the lattice spacing. The subwavelength approximation ensures that the Bragg stop-bands with the
1797:
2947:
polarized waves due to circular conversion dichrosim. On the other hand, bianisotropic response can arise from geometrical achiral structures possessing neither 2D nor 3D intrinsic chirality. Plum and colleagues investigated magneto-electric coupling due to
1794:
2955:
suggested 1D chiral metamaterials where the effective chiral tensor is not vanishing if the system is geometrically one-dimensional chiral (the mirror image of the entire structure cannot be superposed onto it by using translations without rotations).
4544:
MURI supports research that intersects more than one traditional science and engineering discipline to accelerate both research and translation to applications. As of 2009, 69 academic institutions were expected to participate in 41 research efforts.
2721:, I is the identity matrix, N is a symmetric trace-free tensor, and J is an antisymmetric tensor. Such decomposition allows us to classify the reciprocal bianisotropic response and we can identify the following three main classes: (i) chiral media (
2218:
PCs have periodic inclusions that inhibit wave propagation due to the inclusions' destructive interference from scattering. The photonic bandgap property of PCs makes them the electromagnetic analog of electronic semi-conductor crystals.
1239:
The unusual properties of metamaterials arise from the resonant response of each constituent element rather than their spatial arrangement into a lattice. It allows considering the local effective material parameters (permittivity and
4191:
Tunable metamaterials allow arbitrary adjustments to frequency changes in the refractive index. A tunable metamaterial expands beyond the bandwidth limitations in left-handed materials by constructing various types of metamaterials.
1796:
1260:
diagram in a parameter space, for example, size and permittivity of the constituent element. Such diagram displays the domain of structure parameters allowing the metamaterial properties observation in the electromagnetic material.
2167:
Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) behave as a metal for certain polarization or direction of light propagation and behave as a dielectric for the other due to the negative and positive permittivity tensor components, giving extreme
9361:
Halir, Robert; Cheben, Pavel; Luque-GonzĂĄlez, JosĂ© Manuel; Sarmiento-Merenguel, Jose DarĂo; Schmid, Jens H.; WangĂŒemert-PĂ©rez, Gonzalo; Xu, Dan-Xia; Wang, Shurui; Ortega-Moñux, Alejandro; Molina-FernĂĄndez, Ăñigo (November 2016).
5109:
Haid, Daniel; Foster, Leon; Hart, John; Greenwald, Richard; Allen, Tom; Sareh, Pooya; Duncan, Olly (1 November 2023). "Mechanical metamaterials for sports helmets: structural mechanics, design optimisation, and performance".
2150:
Joining a slab of ENG material and slab of MNG material resulted in properties such as resonances, anomalous tunneling, transparency and zero reflection. Like negative-index materials, SNGs are innately dispersive, so their
4319:(ideally, infinite resolution). Such a behaviour is enabled by the capability of double-negative materials to yield negative phase velocity. The diffraction limit is inherent in conventional optical devices or lenses.
1488:
2352:
a non-zero value, different results appear. Either a backward wave or a forward wave can occur. Alternatively, two forward waves or two backward waves can occur, depending on the strength of the chirality parameter.
2265:
Categorizing metamaterials into double or single negative, or double positive, normally assumes that the metamaterial has independent electric and magnetic responses described by Δ and Ό. However, in many cases, the
2667:
2401:
5894:
Yang, F.B.; Zhang, Z.R.; Xu, L.J.; Liu, Z.F.; Jin, P.; Zhuang, P.F.; Lei, M.; Liu, J.R.; Jiang, J.-H.; Ouyang, X.P.; Marchesoni, F.; Huang, J.P. (2024). "Controlling mass and energy diffusion with metamaterials".
388:
From the standpoint of governing equations, contemporary researchers can classify the realm of metamaterials into three primary branches: Electromagnetic/Optical wave metamaterials, other wave metamaterials, and
3114:
2447:
1913:
do not have to be negative for a passive material to display negative refraction. Indeed, a negative refractive index for circularly polarized waves can also arise from chirality. Metamaterials with negative
6494:
Pianelli, A., Kowerdziej, R., Dudek, M., Sielezin, K., Olifierczuk, M., & Parka, J. (2020). Graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterial as a switchable reflection modulator. Optics
Express, 28(5), 6708â6718.
2781:
41:
and wires mounted on interlocking sheets of fiberglass circuit board. The total array consists of 3Ă20Ă20 unit cells with overall dimensions of 10 mm Ă 100 mm Ă 100 mm (0.39
376:
technology. In 2003, complex (both real and imaginary parts of) negative refractive index and imaging by flat lens using left handed metamaterials were demonstrated. By 2007, experiments that involved
2905:
2843:
2344:
of the wave. The effect of the chirality parameter is to split the refractive index. In isotropic media this results in wave propagation only if Δ and Ό have the same sign. In bi-isotropic media with
1319:. The middle of the visible spectrum has a wavelength of approximately 560 nm (for sunlight). Photonic crystal structures are generally half this size or smaller, that is < 280 nm.
7921:
Grebenyuk, Sergei; Abdel Fattah, Abdel Rahman; Kumar, Manoj; Toprakhisar, Burak; Rustandi, Gregorius; Vananroye, Anja; Salmon, Idris; Verfaillie, Catherine; Grillo, Mark; Ranga, Adrian (2023-01-12).
9003:
Modi, Anuj Y.; Balanis, Constantine A.; Birtcher, Craig R.; Shaman, Hussein N. (2017). "Novel Design of
Ultrabroadband Radar Cross Section Reduction Surfaces Using Artificial Magnetic Conductors".
2237:
EBGs have been manufactured for frequencies ranging from a few gigahertz (GHz) to a few terahertz (THz), radio, microwave and mid-infrared frequency regions. EBG application developments include a
2026:
9622:
Guo, Rui; Decker, Manuel; Setzpfandt, Frank; Gai, Xin; Choi, Duk-Yong; Kiselev, Roman; Chipouline, Arkadi; Staude, Isabelle; Pertsch, Thomas; Neshev, Dragomir N.; Kivshar, Yuri S. (2017-07-07).
2257:. Permittivity and magnetic permeability are both positive and wave propagation is in the forward direction. Artificial materials have been fabricated which combine DPS, ENG and MNG properties.
3178:
9079:
Li, Yongfeng; Zhang, Jieqiu; Qu, Shaobo; Wang, Jiafu; Chen, Hongya; Xu, Zhuo; Zhang, Anxue (2014). "Wideband radar cross section reduction using two-dimensional phase gradient metasurfaces".
6889:
Fedotov, V. A.; Mladyonov, P. L.; Prosvirnin, S. L.; Rogacheva, A. V.; Chen, Y.; Zheludev, N. I. (2006). "Asymmetric propagation of electromagnetic waves through a planar chiral structure".
2582:
6634:
2699:
3358:
2321:
and Ï or permittivity, permeability, strength of chirality, and the
Tellegen parameter, respectively. In this type of media, material parameters do not vary with changes along a rotated
7836:
6700:(Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Photonic Crystals and Light Localization, Crete, Greece, June 18â30, 2000 ed.). London: Springer London, Limited. pp. xi.
1643:
9852:
Li, Y.; Bowler, N. (2012). "Traveling waves on three-dimensional periodic arrays of two different magnetodielectric spheres arbitrarily arranged on a simple tetragonal lattice".
2983:
is non-zero. Wave propagation properties in such chiral metamaterials demonstrate that negative refraction can be realized in metamaterials with a strong chirality and positive
8925:
Modi, A. Y.; Alyahya, M. A.; Balanis, C. A.; Birtcher, C. R. (2019). "Metasurface-Based Method for
Broadband RCS Reduction of Dihedral Corner Reflectors with Multiple Bounces".
5893:
6579:
Valentine, J.; Zhang, S.; Zentgraf, T.; Ulin-Avila, E.; Genov, D. A.; Bartal, G.; Zhang, X. (2008). "Three-dimensional optical metamaterial with a negative refractive index".
3205:
3008:
1884:
1830:
1744:
1682:
1573:
1515:
1397:
1795:
6212:
1606:
1256:
effects are at higher frequencies and can be neglected. The criterion for shifting the local resonance below the lower Bragg stop-band make it possible to build a photonic
2467:
7572:
Capretti, Antonio; Wang, Yu; Engheta, Nader; Dal Negro, Luca (2015). "Enhanced third-harmonic generation in Si-compatible epsilon-near-zero indium tin oxide nanolayers".
9296:
Meng, Yuan; Chen, Yizhen; Lu, Longhui; Ding, Yimin; Cusano, Andrea; Fan, Jonathan A.; Hu, Qiaomu; Wang, Kaiyuan; Xie, Zhenwei; Liu, Zhoutian; Yang, Yuanmu (2021-11-22).
7285:
105:, acoustic, or even seismic waves: by blocking, absorbing, enhancing, or bending waves, to achieve benefits that go beyond what is possible with conventional materials.
8341:
Siddiqui, O.F.; Mo
Mojahedi; Eleftheriades, G.V. (2003). "Periodically loaded transmission line with effective negative refractive index and negative group velocity".
3232:
3035:
1911:
1857:
1771:
1709:
1542:
1427:
7187:
C. Rizza; Andrea Di Falco; Michael
Scalora & Alessandro Ciattoni (2015). "One-Dimensional Chirality: Strong Optical Activity in Epsilon-Near-Zero Metamaterials".
3137:
2981:
2719:
2602:
2527:
8423:
de
Oliveira Neto, A. M.; Beccaro, W.; de Oliveira, A. M.; Justo, J.F. (2023). "Exploring the Internal Patterns in the Design of Ultrawideband Microwave Absorbers".
7519:
Vincenti, M. A.; De Ceglia, D.; Ciattoni, A.; Scalora, M. (2011). "Singularity-driven second- and third-harmonic generation at epsilon-near-zero crossing points".
2507:
2487:
8171:"Negative Effective Mass in Plasmonic Systems II: Elucidating the Optical and Acoustical Branches of Vibrations and the Possibility of Anti-Resonance Propagation"
5575:
Bowers J. A.; Hyde R. A. et al. "Evanescent electromagnetic wave conversion lenses I, II, III" US Patent and Trademark Office, Grant US-9081202-B2, 14 juli 2015,
4013:, but with the same density have been created. Such materials can withstand a load of at least 160,000 times their own weight by over-constraining the materials.
7682:
Kadic, Muamer; Schittny, Robert; BĂŒckmann, Tiemo; Kern, Christian; Wegener, Martin (22 June 2015). "Hall-Effect Sign Inversion in a Realizable 3D Metamaterial".
4237:
In 2007, one researcher stated that for metamaterial applications to be realized, energy loss must be reduced, materials must be extended into three-dimensional
8960:
Modi, A. Y.; Balanis, C. A.; Birtcher, C. R.; Shaman, H. (2019). "New Class of RCS-Reduction Metasurfaces Based on Scattering Cancellation Using Array Theory".
4047:. Most optical materials have a relatively weak response, meaning that their properties change by only a small amount for large changes in the intensity of the
3055:
5279:
3965:
and chirality. The bulk modulus and density are analogs of permittivity and permeability in electromagnetic metamaterials. Related to this is the mechanics of
975:
6778:
Rill, M. S.; et al. (2008-12-22). "Negative-index bianisotropic photonic metamaterial fabricated by direct laser writing and silver shadow evaporation".
5628:
AIP News, Number 628 #1, March 13 Physics Today, May 2003, Press conference at APS March Meeting, Austin, Texas, March 4, 2003, New Scientist, vol 177, p. 24.
6059:
372:
and thin wire structures. A method was provided in 2002 to realize negative-index metamaterials using artificial lumped-element loaded transmission lines in
9808:
6395:
6067:
5815:
4647:
2234:. Various geometries and structures have been proposed to fabricate EBG's special properties. In practice it is impossible to build a flawless EBG device.
2208:
bandgaps at desired frequencies. The period size of EBGs is an appreciable fraction of the wavelength, creating constructive and destructive interference.
8559:
Yu, Peng; Besteiro, Lucas V.; Huang, Yongjun; Wu, Jiang; Fu, Lan; Tan, Hark H.; Jagadish, Chennupati; Wiederrecht, Gary P.; Govorov, Alexander O. (2018).
6167:
Depine, Ricardo A.; Lakhtakia, Akhlesh (2004). "A new condition to identify isotropic dielectric-magnetic materials displaying negative phase velocity".
4625:
1336:(AMC) or High Impedance Surfaces (HIS). FSS display inductive and capacitive characteristics that are directly related to their subwavelength structure.
948:
2112:. Gyrotropic or gyromagnetic materials exhibit this characteristic. A gyrotropic material is one that has been altered by the presence of a quasistatic
6722:
5850:
Caloz, C.; Itoh, T. (2002). "Application of the transmission line theory of left-handed (LH) materials to the realization of a microstrip "LH line"".
5076:
Duncan, Olly; Shepherd, Todd; Moroney, Charlotte; Foster, Leon; Venkatraman, Praburaj D.; Winwood, Keith; Allen, Tom; Alderson, Andrew (6 June 2018).
4951:
9689:"Guided mode meta-optics: metasurface-dressed waveguides for arbitrary mode couplers and on-chip OAM emitters with a configurable topological charge"
5813:
Eleftheriades, G.V.; Iyer A.K. & Kremer, P.C. (2002). "Planar Negative Refractive Index Media Using Periodically L-C Loaded Transmission Lines".
1272:. Microwave frequency metamaterials are usually constructed as arrays of electrically conductive elements (such as loops of wire) that have suitable
960:
6950:
Plum, E.; Fedotov, V. A.; Zheludev, N. I. (2009). "Planar metamaterial with transmission and reflection that depend on the direction of incidence".
3234:
be negative for backward wave propagation. A negative refractive index due to chirality was first observed simultaneously and independently by Plum
9976:
8409:
8096:
7782:
Kern, Christian; Kadic, Muamer; Wegener, Martin (28 September 2015). "Parallel Hall effect from three-dimensional single-component metamaterials".
5977:
5940:
322:
wafer also having 50 nm lines and spaces. This super-resolved image was achieved with illumination having a wavelength of 650 nm in air.
7466:
Ciattoni, A.; Rizza, C.; Palange, E. (2010). "Extreme nonlinear electrodynamics in metamaterials with very small linear dielectric permittivity".
4554:
programs, provides training programs (including PhD and training programs for industrial partners); and technology transfer to European Industry.
4063:
Metafluids offer programmable properties such as viscosity, compressibility, and optical. One approach employed 50-500 micron diameter air-filled
10056:
8376:
Wu, B.-I.; W. Wang, J. Pacheco, X. Chen, T. Grzegorczyk and J. A. Kong; Pacheco, Joe; Chen, Xudong; Grzegorczyk, Tomasz M.; Kong, Jin Au (2005).
6642:
1439:
9750:
Flueckiger, Jonas; Schmidt, Shon; Donzella, Valentina; Sherwali, Ahmed; Ratner, Daniel M.; Chrostowski, Lukas; Cheung, Karen C. (2016-07-11).
5758:
2607:
9429:"Chip-integrated metasurface for versatile and multi-wavelength control of light couplings with independent phase and arbitrary polarization"
9114:
Yu, Nanfang; Genevet, Patrice; Kats, Mikhail A.; Aieta, Francesco; Tetienne, Jean-Philippe; Capasso, Federico; Gaburro, Zeno (October 2011).
4277:
A metamaterial absorber manipulates the loss components of metamaterials' permittivity and magnetic permeability, to absorb large amounts of
3907:
3251:
2359:
4315:
is a two or three-dimensional device that uses metamaterials, usually with negative refraction properties, to achieve resolution beyond the
7430:
4263:. Materials that can attain negative permeability allow for properties such as small antenna size, high directivity and tunable frequency.
9922:
4353:, which reduces RCS in any of various ways (e.g., absorption, diffusion, redirection). Conventionally, the RCS has been reduced either by
4289:
applications. Loss components are also relevant in applications of negative refractive index (photonic metamaterials, antenna systems) or
9194:
4854:
3063:
2915:
Handedness of metamaterials is a potential source of confusion as the metamaterial literature includes two conflicting uses of the terms
6508:
2604:
is the chiral tensor describing chiral electromagnetic and reciprocal magneto-electric response. The chiral tensor can be expressed as
2405:
1211:
980:
9687:
He, Tiantian; Meng, Yuan; Liu, Zhoutian; Hu, Futai; Wang, Rui; Li, Dan; Yan, Ping; Liu, Qiang; Gong, Mali; Xiao, Qirong (2021-11-22).
4601:
s)âcomposed of super-wavelength structures, such as small arrays of prisms and lenses and can operate over a broad band of frequencies
4379:
Metamaterials textured with nanoscale wrinkles could control sound or light signals, such as changing a material's color or improving
6388:"Guided Modes in a Waveguide Filled With a Pair of Single-Negative (SNG), Double-Negative (DNG), and/or Double-Positive (DPS) Layers"
2274:
polarization, while the magnetic field induces electrical polarization, known as magnetoelectric coupling. Such media are denoted as
8290:
Enoch, Stefan; Tayeb, GéRard; Sabouroux, Pierre; Guérin, Nicolas; Vincent, Patrick (2002). "A Metamaterial for Directive Emission".
2724:
4538:
990:
2927:
9240:
Rudykh, S.; Boyce, M. C. (2014). "Transforming Wave Propagation in Layered Media via Instability-Induced Interfacial Wrinkling".
8718:
2848:
2786:
10321:
9427:
Meng, Yuan; Hu, Futai; Liu, Zhoutian; Xie, Peng; Shen, Yijie; Xiao, Qirong; Fu, Xing; Bae, Sang-Hoon; Gong, Mali (2019-06-10).
9219:
4080:
or a non-Newtonian fluid. Under pressure, it becomes non-Newtonian â meaning its viscosity changes in response to shear force.
815:
9555:
Li, Zhaoyi; Kim, Myoung-Hwan; Wang, Cheng; Han, Zhaohong; Shrestha, Sajan; Overvig, Adam Christopher; Lu, Ming; Stein, Aaron;
2948:
2529:
are the two magneto-electric tensors. If the medium is reciprocal, permittivity and permeability are symmetric tensors, and
8023:
7864:
7351:
6705:
6563:
6366:
5959:
5867:
4980:
4831:
4785:
830:
825:
452:
840:
252:
began at the end of the 19th century. Some of the earliest structures that may be considered metamaterials were studied by
6295:
Zhang, S.; Park, Y.-S.; Li, J.; Lu, X.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, X. (2009). "Negative Refractive Index in Chiral Metamaterials".
1992:
10410:
10049:
4509:
4214:. Under specific conditions, the incident light couples with the surface plasmons to create self-sustaining, propagating
9896:
3142:
10169:
8909:
3998:
2078:), but not both. They act as metamaterials when combined with a different, complementary SNG, jointly acting as a DNG.
1329:, which are packets of electrical charge that collectively oscillate at the surfaces of metals at optical frequencies.
7103:
6387:
5243:. Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II. 5649 Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II (Poster session): 826â38.
5239:; Abbott, Derek (9 March 2005). Al-Sarawi, Said F (ed.). "T-ray sensing applications: review of global developments".
364:
et al. reported the experimental demonstration of functioning electromagnetic metamaterials by horizontally stacking,
6120:
4517:
3900:
442:
5323:
Alici, Kamil Boratay; Ăzbay, Ekmel (2007). "Radiation properties of a split ring resonator and monopole composite".
5290:
4435:(the refractive index). In a split ring resonator the ring and wire units act as atomic dipoles: the wire acts as a
2532:
710:
10281:
7283:
Tretyakov, S.; Sihvola, A.; JylhÀ, L. (2005). "Backward-wave regime and negative refraction in chiral composites".
4259:
that use metamaterials to improve performance. Demonstrations showed that metamaterials could enhance an antenna's
6092:
2672:
8228:
Oliveri, G.; Werner, D.H.; Massa, A. (2015). "Reconfigurable electromagnetics through metamaterials â A review".
3985:
system and the mechanical (sonic) resonance may be excited by appropriate sonic frequencies (for example audible
3314:
1400:
1241:
625:
4886:
Shelby, R. A.; Smith, D. R.; Schultz, S. (2001). "Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction".
1228:
that impinge on or interact with its structural features, which are smaller than the wavelength. To behave as a
10042:
10028:
4234:
Metamaterials are under consideration for many applications. Metamaterial antennas are commercially available.
3873:
2926:
Generally a chiral and/or bianisotropic electromagnetic response is a consequence of 3D geometrical chirality:
1204:
970:
447:
9991:
8667:
Fang, N.; Lee, H; Sun, C; Zhang, X (2005). "Sub-Diffraction-Limited Optical Imaging with a Silver Superlens".
8045:
Takayama, O.; Bogdanov, A. A., Lavrinenko, A. V. (2017). "Photonic surface waves on metamaterial interfaces".
4492:. Other component distinctions call for the use of one of these models, depending on its polarity or purpose.
1611:
1366:
and negative permeability are also known as double negative metamaterials or double negative materials (DNG).
10471:
10437:
9947:
Tretyakov, Prof. Sergei; President of the Association; Dr. Vladmir Podlozny; Secretary General (2009-12-13).
7641:
6840:
3574:
3411:
2227:
1333:
985:
690:
17:
8502:
7616:
6761:
5041:
Veselago, V. G. (1968). "The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of Δ and Ό".
4678:
4025:
aligned internal particles or structures, such as fibers, and carbon nanotubes (CNT), are examples of this.
2143:). Two gyrotropic materials with reversed rotation directions of the two principal polarizations are called
5759:"Full-wave verification of the fundamental properties of left-handed materials in waveguide configurations"
4994:
4480:
component of the Lorentz mathematical model is small compared to the other components of the equation. The
3893:
3614:
3500:
2960:
2931:
850:
590:
457:
120:
for particular wavelengths have been the focus of a large amount of research. These materials are known as
7152:
Plum, E.; Fedotov, V. A.; Zheludev, N. I. (2009). "Extrinsic electromagnetic chirality in metamaterials".
5138:
4099:
Hall coefficient. This theoretical claim was finally experimentally demonstrated by Christian Kern et al.
580:
283:
developed materials that had similar characteristics to metamaterials. In the 1950s and 1960s, artificial
4563:
3569:
3478:
3361:
1356:
1143:
1018:
915:
890:
810:
121:
34:
9921:
U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) (2009-05-08).
8375:
5618:. 7th International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques ICATTâ09. Lviv, Ukraine. pp. 19â24.
4143:
lies at the far end of the infrared band, just after the end of the microwave band. This corresponds to
1369:
Assuming a material well-approximated by a real permittivity and permeability, the relationship between
1332:
Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) can exhibit subwavelength characteristics and are known variously as
10442:
10378:
8845:
AlĂč, Andrea; Engheta, Nader (2005). "Achieving transparency with plasmonic and metamaterial coatings".
5525:
Zharov, Alexander A.; Zharova, Nina A.; Noskov, Roman E.; Shadrivov, Ilya V.; Kivshar, Yuri S. (2005).
4850:
4219:
2285:
Four material parameters are intrinsic to magnetoelectric coupling of bi-isotropic media. They are the
643:
361:
4043:
media, whose properties change with the power of the incident wave. Nonlinear media are essential for
3183:
2986:
1862:
1808:
1722:
1660:
1551:
1493:
1375:
329:
was the first to identify a practical way to make a left-handed metamaterial, a material in which the
10493:
10425:
10385:
6232:
Plum, E.; Zhou, J.; Dong, J.; Fedotov, V. A.; Koschny, T.; Soukoulis, C. M.; Zheludev, N. I. (2009).
5181:
Brun, M.; S. Guenneau; and A.B. Movchan (2009-02-09). "Achieving control of in-plane elastic waves".
4278:
3485:
2194:
2133:
1197:
1158:
685:
675:
615:
610:
550:
378:
354:
341:. Pendry's idea was that metallic wires aligned along the direction of a wave could provide negative
280:
109:
8266:
7737:"Experimental Evidence for Sign Reversal of the Hall Coefficient in Three-Dimensional Metamaterials"
5024:
4908:
3925:
10216:
10201:
10179:
5789:
4534:
4354:
4148:
3780:
3775:
3564:
3557:
3390:
3280:
1578:
695:
292:
243:
5078:"Review of Auxetic Materials for Sports Applications: Expanding Options in Comfort and Protection"
2452:
1128:
630:
10390:
10363:
9492:
Cheben, Pavel; Halir, Robert; Schmid, Jens H.; Atwater, Harry A.; Smith, David R. (August 2018).
8458:
Li, W.; Valentine, J. (2014). "Metamaterial Perfect Absorber Based Hot Electron Photodetection".
8230:
7248:
Wang, Bingnan; et al. (November 2009). "Chiral metamaterials: simulations and experiments".
5428:"Near-Field Optical Recording without Low-Flying Heads: Integral Near-Field Optical (INFO) Media"
4609:
4201:
4034:
3970:
3843:
3838:
3507:
1805:
The foregoing considerations are simplistic for actual materials, which must have complex-valued
1322:
1008:
535:
525:
520:
143:
7642:"Homogenization of the Three-dimensional Hall Effect and Change of Sign of the Hall Coefficient"
7448:
1133:
1103:
10498:
10400:
10395:
10368:
9926:
9172:
8827:
5426:
Guerra, John; Vezenov, Dmitri; Sullivan, Paul; Haimberger, Walter; Thulin, Lukas (2002-03-30).
4903:
4618:
4568:
4384:
4164:
4126:
3395:
3292:
1287:
955:
725:
500:
390:
199:
188:
167:
98:
8013:
7339:
6348:
4862:
4371:
Seismic metamaterials counteract the adverse effects of seismic waves on man-made structures.
3210:
3013:
1889:
1835:
1749:
1687:
1520:
1405:
10326:
10189:
10065:
9363:
9116:"Light Propagation with Phase Discontinuities: Generalized Laws of Reflection and Refraction"
8403:
8090:
5934:
4580:
4408:
4366:
4328:
4294:
4290:
4272:
4250:
4215:
4186:
4048:
3818:
3436:
3122:
2966:
2704:
2587:
2212:
1229:
1053:
740:
730:
680:
670:
303:
269:
253:
215:
192:
184:
139:
38:
9751:
9688:
9428:
9364:"Ultra-broadband nanophotonic beamsplitter using an anisotropic sub-wavelength metamaterial"
6695:
4821:
4072:
pressure response could allow them to act as a sensor or as a dynamic hydraulic fluid. Like
2930:
metamaterials are composed by embedding 3D-chiral structures in a host medium and they show
2512:
10373:
10336:
10316:
9861:
9824:
9763:
9700:
9635:
9572:
9561:"Controlling propagation and coupling of waveguide modes using phase-gradient metasurfaces"
9505:
9440:
9385:
9309:
9249:
9127:
9088:
9012:
8969:
8864:
8756:
8676:
8623:
8517:
8467:
8432:
8350:
8299:
8182:
8123:
8054:
7934:
7844:
7801:
7748:
7701:
7581:
7538:
7485:
7411:
7376:
7304:
7257:
7206:
7161:
7118:
7066:
7019:
6969:
6908:
6855:
6797:
6737:
6588:
6453:
6404:
6354:
6304:
6258:
6135:
6076:
6014:
5914:
5824:
5773:
5651:
5548:
5497:
5439:
5392:
5332:
5244:
5201:
5150:
5050:
4960:
4895:
4708:
4662:
3656:
3473:
3453:
3441:
3385:
2231:
2125:
2117:
2056:
1978:
1281:
1225:
1178:
1078:
1043:
795:
660:
560:
545:
480:
369:
249:
9048:"A novel approach for RCS reduction using a combination of artificial magnetic conductors"
7987:
6667:
2492:
2472:
417:
8:
10430:
10405:
10276:
10233:
10111:
10106:
10086:
8529:
7269:
7186:
5485:
4469:
4388:
4260:
4140:
4132:
3997:
Structural metamaterials provide properties such as crushability and light weight. Using
3858:
3706:
3599:
3305:
2282:(which is the case for many metamaterial structures), are referred to as bi-anisotropic.
2198:
2173:
1967:
1360:
1299:
1244:). The resonance effect related to the mutual arrangement of elements is responsible for
1138:
1118:
1113:
920:
905:
790:
760:
655:
585:
346:
333:
is not followed. Such a material allows an electromagnetic wave to convey energy (have a
261:
211:
117:
9865:
9828:
9767:
9704:
9639:
9576:
9509:
9444:
9389:
9313:
9253:
9131:
9092:
9016:
8973:
8868:
8760:
8680:
8627:
8521:
8471:
8436:
8354:
8303:
8186:
8127:
8058:
7938:
7848:
7805:
7752:
7705:
7585:
7542:
7489:
7380:
7308:
7261:
7210:
7173:
7165:
7122:
7070:
7023:
6973:
6912:
6888:
6859:
6801:
6741:
6592:
6457:
6408:
6358:
6308:
6262:
6139:
6080:
6018:
5918:
5828:
5777:
5655:
5552:
5501:
5443:
5396:
5336:
5248:
5205:
5154:
5054:
4964:
4899:
4712:
4666:
1490:. All known non-metamaterial transparent materials (glass, water, ...) possess positive
10447:
10149:
9877:
9664:
9623:
9537:
9474:
9409:
9375:
9338:
9297:
9153:
9028:
8985:
8942:
8888:
8854:
8782:
8700:
8649:
8541:
8323:
8247:
8205:
8170:
8146:
8111:
8078:
7963:
7922:
7817:
7791:
7717:
7691:
7664:
7554:
7528:
7501:
7475:
7320:
7294:
7230:
7196:
6985:
6959:
6932:
6898:
6871:
6821:
6787:
6612:
6531:
6477:
6420:
6274:
6248:
6194:
6176:
6035:
6004:
5992:
5971:
5904:
5873:
5743:
5712:
5677:
5538:
5463:
5358:
5260:
5217:
5191:
5012:
4986:
4929:
4648:"Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial"
4461:
4404:
4350:
4341:
was demonstrated on October 19, 2006. No practical cloaks are publicly known to exist.
4338:
4286:
4223:
3878:
3512:
3468:
3463:
3258:
3040:
2939:
1253:
1013:
753:
555:
515:
179:
30:
9813:"Traveling waves on two- and three-dimensional periodic arrays of lossless scatterers"
8907:
Next Generation Cloaking Device Demonstrated: Metamaterial renders object 'invisible'"
8722:
7736:
5852:
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37313)
835:
10248:
10144:
10126:
9970:
9789:
9781:
9726:
9718:
9669:
9651:
9604:
9596:
9588:
9529:
9521:
9478:
9466:
9458:
9413:
9401:
9343:
9325:
9275:
9145:
8946:
8880:
8774:
8692:
8641:
8592:
8545:
8533:
8483:
8315:
8210:
8151:
8070:
8019:
7968:
7950:
7903:
7860:
7821:
7764:
7597:
7505:
7392:
7347:
7324:
7222:
7084:
7035:
7003:
Plum, E.; Liu, X.-X.; Fedotov, V. A.; Chen, Y.; Tsai, D. P.; Zheludev, N. I. (2009).
6989:
6936:
6924:
6813:
6701:
6604:
6559:
6535:
6481:
6469:
6362:
6320:
6278:
6040:
5993:"Phase diagram for the transition from photonic crystals to dielectric metamaterials"
5877:
5863:
5669:
5510:
5467:
5455:
5408:
5183:
4990:
4976:
4921:
4827:
4781:
4726:
4392:
4316:
4174:
3495:
3446:
2322:
2238:
2051:
propagating in electromagnetic metamaterials, the electric field, magnetic field and
1351:
A comparison of refraction in a left-handed metamaterial to that in a normal material
1303:
1295:
1249:
1073:
365:
288:
175:
78:
9881:
9624:"Highâbit rate ultra-compact light routing with mode-selective on-chip nanoantennas"
9541:
9493:
9157:
9032:
8989:
8653:
8327:
8251:
7721:
7558:
7316:
7234:
6875:
6825:
5716:
5610:
5561:
5526:
5264:
5221:
5162:
5062:
4016:
A ceramic nanotruss metamaterial can be flattened and revert to its original state.
1964:
side of the surface normal at an interface of positive and negative index materials.
295:
were researched in the 1980s and 1990s as applications for artificial chiral media.
10415:
10331:
10291:
9952:(See the "About" section of this web site for information about this organization.)
9869:
9832:
9771:
9708:
9659:
9643:
9580:
9513:
9448:
9393:
9333:
9317:
9265:
9261:
9257:
9135:
9096:
9059:
9020:
8977:
8934:
8892:
8872:
8786:
8764:
8704:
8684:
8631:
8582:
8572:
8525:
8475:
8440:
8389:
8358:
8307:
8239:
8200:
8190:
8141:
8131:
8082:
8062:
7958:
7942:
7893:
7852:
7809:
7760:
7756:
7709:
7668:
7656:
7589:
7546:
7493:
7384:
7312:
7265:
7218:
7214:
7169:
7134:
7126:
7074:
7031:
7027:
6977:
6916:
6863:
6805:
6753:
6745:
6616:
6596:
6523:
6461:
6412:
6316:
6312:
6266:
6198:
6186:
6143:
6084:
6030:
6022:
5922:
5855:
5832:
5781:
5739:
5704:
5681:
5659:
5556:
5505:
5447:
5400:
5362:
5348:
5340:
5252:
5209:
5158:
5119:
5089:
5058:
4968:
4933:
4913:
4716:
4670:
4489:
4473:
4207:
4136:
4044:
4040:
3833:
3808:
3721:
3696:
3691:
3646:
2943:
2935:
2356:
In the general case, the constitutive relations for bi-anisotropic materials read
2326:
2241:, woodpiles made of square dielectric bars and several different types of low gain
2190:
2137:
2098:
1774:
1430:
1326:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1173:
1088:
1048:
1038:
925:
880:
863:
780:
715:
485:
409:
350:
315:
223:
203:
128:
102:
8800:
8311:
6920:
6424:
6217:
Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
381:
had been conducted by many groups. At microwave frequencies, the first, imperfect
10266:
10211:
10154:
10139:
8913:
8270:
7412:"New materials developed that are as light as aerogel, yet 10,000 times stronger"
6550:
5926:
5380:
4972:
4777:
4771:
4513:
4485:
4334:
4256:
4077:
3823:
3747:
3711:
3661:
3592:
3581:
3526:
3428:
2242:
2129:
2070:
Single negative (SNG) metamaterials have either negative relative permittivity (Δ
1974:
1778:
1653:. Under such circumstances, it is necessary to take the negative square root for
1339:
Electromagnetic metamaterials can be divided into different classes, as follows:
1307:
1108:
1033:
1028:
895:
770:
735:
595:
495:
382:
330:
311:
299:
276:
219:
9560:
8636:
8611:
5527:"Birefringent left-handed metamaterials and perfect lenses for vectorial fields"
4721:
4696:
1148:
10420:
10286:
10228:
10206:
9321:
8876:
8503:"Dual-band absorber for multispectral plasmon-enhanced infrared photodetection"
8501:
Yu, Peng; Wu, Jiang; Ashalley, Eric; Govorov, Alexander; Wang, Zhiming (2016).
8243:
8066:
7946:
7550:
7497:
7004:
6867:
6749:
6270:
6233:
5708:
5123:
4516:
techniques for analyzing triply-periodic electromagnetic media may be found in
4501:
4497:
4412:
4282:
4052:
3828:
3686:
3651:
3552:
3458:
2294:
2286:
2267:
2144:
2121:
2113:
1922:
1777:. Such materials are opaque for electromagnetic radiation and examples include
1068:
1063:
885:
775:
700:
650:
600:
573:
530:
505:
475:
468:
338:
334:
307:
135:
131:
9946:
9517:
8444:
7713:
7660:
5577:
3948:. As with electromagnetic waves, sonic waves can exhibit negative refraction.
2253:
Double positive mediums (DPS) do occur in nature, such as naturally occurring
27:
Materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature
10487:
10452:
10221:
10174:
10096:
9900:
9873:
9785:
9722:
9655:
9592:
9525:
9462:
9405:
9329:
9024:
8981:
8938:
8596:
8537:
7954:
7907:
7436:. Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois.
6723:"Role of bianisotropy in negative permeability and left-handed metamaterials"
6416:
6383:
5859:
5836:
5484:
Guenneau, S. B.; Movchan, A.; PĂ©tursson, G.; Anantha Ramakrishna, S. (2007).
5459:
5412:
4767:
4697:"Composite Medium with Simultaneously Negative Permeability and Permittivity"
4465:
4436:
4095:
3868:
3701:
3276:
2341:
2310:
2302:
1316:
1311:
1183:
1168:
1153:
1093:
805:
720:
705:
620:
605:
510:
231:
151:
58:
54:
9360:
9140:
9115:
8906:
8769:
8744:
8688:
8362:
6721:
Marques, Ricardo; Medina, Francisco; Rafii-El-Idrissi, Rachid (2002-04-04).
6527:
6213:"Analysis of Ray Tracing Through Optical Systems with Metamaterial Elements"
5381:"Super-resolution through illumination by diffraction-born evanescent waves"
4917:
3252:
Tunable metamaterials § Frequency selective surface based metamaterials
3057:
has distinct values for left and right circularly polarized waves, given by
2032:
Negative index of refraction derives mathematically from the vector triplet
1801:
Video representing negative refraction of light at uniform planar interface.
10356:
10271:
9793:
9730:
9673:
9647:
9608:
9533:
9470:
9397:
9347:
9279:
9149:
8884:
8778:
8696:
8645:
8577:
8560:
8487:
8319:
8214:
8155:
8074:
7972:
7768:
7601:
7396:
7226:
7088:
7039:
6928:
6817:
6608:
6473:
6324:
6044:
5673:
5483:
5344:
5236:
4925:
4730:
4477:
4170:
4152:
3959:
3952:
3853:
3848:
3813:
3545:
2275:
2090:
1483:{\textstyle n=\pm {\sqrt {\varepsilon _{\mathrm {r} }\mu _{\mathrm {r} }}}}
1370:
1163:
1058:
1023:
965:
900:
820:
785:
665:
540:
342:
163:
9584:
6444:
High, A.; et al. (2015). "Visible-frequency hyperbolic metasurface".
6350:
Negative-refraction metamaterials: fundamental principles and applications
4695:
Smith, D. R.; Padilla, WJ; Vier, DC; Nemat-Nasser, SC; Schultz, S (2000).
4645:
1989:
in order to satisfy the wave number dependence on the material parameters
116:
in a manner not observed in bulk materials. Those that exhibit a negative
10351:
10346:
10238:
10116:
10101:
10091:
9837:
9812:
9776:
9556:
9453:
9064:
9047:
8859:
8394:
8377:
7593:
7299:
6809:
6666:
Chappell, William leads the IDEA laboratory at Purdue University (2005).
6630:
6116:
6060:"High-Impedance Electromagnetic Surfaces with a Forbidden Frequency Band"
5451:
4947:
4576:
4572:
4481:
4211:
4089:
3863:
3766:
2489:
are the permittivity and the permeability tensors, respectively, whereas
2279:
2177:
2140:
2052:
1650:
1083:
935:
765:
427:
326:
227:
159:
147:
82:
10034:
9270:
6903:
6600:
6465:
6181:
6026:
5812:
5543:
3119:
It can be seen that a negative index will occur for one polarization if
2662:{\displaystyle \kappa ={\tfrac {1}{3}}\operatorname {tr} (\kappa )I+N+J}
10311:
10196:
9897:"Scalable and Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Metamaterials and Devices"
8587:
8422:
8195:
8169:
Bormashenko, Edward; Legchenkova, Irina; Frenkel, Mark (January 2020).
8136:
7898:
7881:
7856:
7138:
7079:
7054:
6757:
5427:
5353:
5094:
5077:
4454:
4380:
4144:
4073:
3966:
3933:
3929:
3785:
3681:
2396:{\displaystyle \mathbf {D} =\varepsilon \mathbf {E} +\xi \mathbf {H} ,}
2254:
2169:
2048:
1291:
1269:
800:
373:
284:
198:
Metamaterial research is interdisciplinary and involves such fields as
94:
9713:
9600:
9173:"Metamaterial cloak could render buildings 'invisible' to earthquakes"
9100:
9046:
MarĂ; de Cos, Elena; Alvarez Lopez, Yuri; Las-Heras, Fernando (2010).
8479:
7813:
7130:
6981:
6190:
6147:
6088:
6057:
5963:
5785:
5256:
5213:
4674:
4488:
component is negligible and the coupling coefficient is generally the
4297:, celestial mechanics), but often are not used in these applications.
4055:
conditions that must be satisfied in any nonlinear optical structure.
1719:) direction. Electromagnetic waves cannot propagate in materials with
10341:
10159:
8721:. Office of News & Communications Duke University. Archived from
8378:"A Study of Using Metamaterials as Antenna Substrate to Enhance Gain"
7920:
7388:
5956:
Diffusionics: Diffusion Process Controlled by Diffusion Metamaterials
5404:
4819:
4604:
4447:
4306:
4238:
4064:
3978:
3757:
3752:
3586:
1277:
1265:
1123:
1098:
910:
432:
171:
101:, and arrangement give them their "smart" properties of manipulating
9220:"Wrinkled metamaterials for controlling light and sound propagation"
6495:
5664:
5639:
2089:
is positive. Many plasmas exhibit this characteristic. For example,
2062:
To date, only metamaterials exhibit a negative index of refraction.
10258:
10243:
10164:
9380:
8805:
7796:
7696:
7201:
6009:
5909:
5640:"Photonic crystals: Imaging by flat lens using negative refraction"
4823:
Metamaterials and Plasmonics: Fundamentals, Modelling, Applications
4440:
4344:
3982:
3736:
3641:
3621:
3607:
3109:{\displaystyle n=\pm {\sqrt {\varepsilon _{r}\mu _{r}}}\pm \kappa }
2963:
materials or resonators in which the effective chirality parameter
2271:
2094:
1273:
875:
870:
490:
90:
73:
9948:
7923:"Large-scale perfused tissues via synthetic 3D soft microfluidics"
7533:
7480:
6964:
6792:
6253:
6231:
5196:
10134:
9749:
7151:
7101:
6949:
4820:
Zouhdi, SaĂŻd; Ari Sihvola; Alexey P. Vinogradov (December 2008).
4586:
4068:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3490:
2442:{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} =\zeta \mathbf {E} +\mu \mathbf {H} ,}
2204:
2059:, the reverse of the behavior of conventional optical materials.
1347:
845:
265:
9045:
8340:
7518:
7052:
6578:
4646:
Shelby, R. A.; Smith D.R.; Shultz S.; Nemat-Nasser S.C. (2001).
4512:
and superlens are foundations of the metamaterial theory. Other
1981:
to phase velocity. However, for waves (energy) to propagate, a â
127:
Potential applications of metamaterials are diverse and include
10023:
7839:. In Kuzmiak, VladimĂr; Markos, Peter; Szoplik, Tomasz (eds.).
5425:
5180:
4468:, which describes electron motion in terms of a driven-damped,
4428:
4009:. Materials four orders of magnitude stiffer than conventional
3941:
3631:
1786:
930:
437:
298:
Negative-index materials were first described theoretically by
257:
207:
155:
10001:. Networks of Excellence Key for the future of EU research: 19
9752:"Sub-wavelength grating for enhanced ring resonator biosensor"
7367:
Page, John (2011). "Metamaterials: Neither solid nor liquid".
7055:"Giant nonlinear optical activity in a plasmonic metamaterial"
4959:. Vol. 45. Princeton University Press. pp. 191â202.
4210:, which are produced from the interaction of light with metal-
2776:{\displaystyle \operatorname {tr} (\kappa )\neq 0,N\neq 0,J=0}
9298:"Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond"
8745:"Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies"
8168:
7617:"Harvard's bizarre "metafluid" packs programmable properties"
6777:
6720:
6506:
6346:
5756:
4424:
3986:
3945:
3921:
3535:
2226:
EBGs are designed to prevent the propagation of an allocated
2211:
PC are distinguished from sub-wavelength structures, such as
113:
86:
65:
8742:
7571:
6697:
Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century
6548:
6294:
6290:
6288:
5524:
4766:
4694:
4241:
materials and production techniques must be industrialized.
8044:
7286:
Photonics and Nanostructures: Fundamentals and Applications
6227:
6225:
5486:"Acoustic metamaterials for sound focusing and confinement"
5075:
3974:
2278:. Media that exhibit magnetoelectric coupling and that are
1782:
42:
9920:
8924:
4826:. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 3â10, Chap. 3, 106.
4039:
Metamaterials may be fabricated that include some form of
3951:
Control of sound waves is mostly accomplished through the
2900:{\displaystyle \operatorname {tr} (\kappa )=0,N=0,J\neq 0}
2838:{\displaystyle \operatorname {tr} (\kappa )=0,N\neq 0,J=0}
9923:"DoD Awards $ 260 Million in University Research Funding"
9002:
8959:
8828:"Engineers see progress in creating 'invisibility cloak'"
8289:
8018:. Taylor & Francis, Inc. pp. 29â1, 25â14, 22â1.
7681:
6838:
6635:"Metamaterials Generate Novel Electromagnetic Properties"
6285:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4169:
Photonic metamaterial interact with optical frequencies (
3937:
3671:
1236:, its features must be much smaller than the wavelength.
108:
Appropriately designed metamaterials can affect waves of
9491:
8110:
Bormashenko, Edward; Legchenkova, Irina (January 2020).
7735:
Kern, Christian; Kadic, Muamer; Wegener, Martin (2017).
6222:
5234:
5176:
5174:
5172:
3180:. In this case, it is not necessary that either or both
7247:
6832:
5953:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5108:
4103:
magnetic field but is actually parallel to the latest.
9621:
8109:
6848:
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
5638:
Parimi, P. V.; Lu, W. T.; Vodo, P; Sridhar, S (2003).
4794:
4762:
4760:
3920:
Acoustic metamaterials control, direct and manipulate
2618:
1442:
248:
Explorations of artificial materials for manipulating
9195:"Invisibility cloak could hide buildings from quakes"
8719:"First Demonstration of a Working Invisibility Cloak"
7985:
7282:
6689:
6687:
6134:(June 37): 2 of 9 (originally page 38 of pp. 37â45).
5169:
4845:
4843:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4226:
make possible the effect of negative mass (density).
4173:). The sub-wavelength period distinguishes them from
4147:
and submillimeter wavelengths between the 3 mm (
4001:, microlattices can be created using forms much like
3317:
3213:
3186:
3145:
3125:
3066:
3043:
3016:
2989:
2969:
2851:
2789:
2727:
2707:
2675:
2610:
2590:
2535:
2515:
2495:
2475:
2455:
2408:
2362:
2325:
of measurements. In this sense they are invariant or
2159:
and refraction index n, are a function of frequency.
1995:
1892:
1865:
1838:
1811:
1752:
1725:
1690:
1663:
1614:
1581:
1554:
1544:. By convention the positive square root is used for
1523:
1496:
1408:
1378:
37:
array configuration, which was constructed of copper
7640:
Briane, Marc; Milton, Graeme W. (28 November 2008).
7465:
7331:
6396:
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
6115:
6109:
6068:
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
5816:
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
5307:
5289:. Telecommunications Theory (3): 4â5. Archived from
4333:
Metamaterials are a potential basis for a practical
2132:. The results of such a reflection are known as the
2021:{\displaystyle kc=\omega {\sqrt {\mu \varepsilon }}}
1960:
is negative, incident and refracted rays are on the
9989:
8500:
7994:. Vol. I & II. Wiley-VCH Verlag. p. 1
7834:
7104:"Specular optical activity of achiral metasurfaces"
7053:Ren, M.; Plum, E.; Xu, J.; Zheludev, N. I. (2012).
7005:"Metamaterials: Optical Activity without Chirality"
6552:
Metamaterials: physics and engineering explorations
6542:
6347:Eleftheriades, George V.; Keith G. Balmain (2005).
6234:"Metamaterial with negative index due to chirality"
5637:
5479:
5477:
5374:
5372:
4773:
Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations
4626:
Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations
1294:scale and manipulate light at optical frequencies.
9894:
9113:
8283:
8227:
7835:Abdeddaim, R.; Lecoq, P.; Enoch, S. (2019-04-30).
7102:Plum, E.; Fedotov, V. A.; Zheludev, N. I. (2016).
7002:
6684:
4885:
4861:. The research group of D.R. Smith. Archived from
4840:
4737:
4431:. These dipoles modify light velocity by a factor
3352:
3226:
3199:
3173:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\varepsilon _{r}\mu _{r}}}}
3172:
3131:
3108:
3049:
3029:
3002:
2975:
2899:
2837:
2775:
2713:
2693:
2661:
2596:
2576:
2521:
2501:
2481:
2461:
2441:
2395:
2020:
1905:
1878:
1851:
1824:
1765:
1738:
1703:
1676:
1637:
1600:
1567:
1536:
1509:
1482:
1421:
1391:
1280:characteristics. Many microwave metamaterials use
8603:
8558:
8369:
7837:"Metamaterials: Opportunities in medical imaging"
5849:
4780:. pp. xv, 3â30, 37, 143â50, 215â34, 240â56.
2260:
2081:Epsilon negative media (ENG) display a negative Δ
1773:of opposite sign as the refractive index becomes
10485:
9983:
9940:
9186:
8264:
7781:
7734:
6693:
6381:
5474:
5369:
5287:2003 Technical Progress Report (NITA â ITS)
4345:Radar cross-section (RCS-)reducing metamaterials
4151:band) and 0.03 mm (long-wavelength edge of
396:
310:could be made anti-parallel to the direction of
8666:
8334:
8267:"Metamaterials found to work for visible light"
6166:
6058:Sievenpiper, Dan; et al. (November 1999).
5139:"A novel metamaterial gain-waveguide nanolaser"
2230:of frequencies, for certain arrival angles and
85:of the phenomena they influence. Their precise
72:, meaning "matter" or "material") is a type of
9295:
9164:
8425:IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
8112:"Negative Effective Mass in Plasmonic Systems"
7241:
6714:
6549:Engheta, Nader; Richard W. Ziolkowski (2006).
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5586:
2577:{\displaystyle \xi =-\zeta ^{T}=-i\kappa ^{T}}
1548:. However, some engineered metamaterials have
170:. Metamaterials offer the potential to create
10050:
9854:IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
9806:
9078:
9005:IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
8962:IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
8927:IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
8343:IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
3901:
2959:3D-chiral metamaterials are constructed from
2223:like one atom, albeit of a much larger size.
1711:are positive (negative), waves travel in the
1205:
302:in 1967. He proved that such materials could
162:and lenses for high-gain antennas, improving
9975:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
9554:
9426:
8918:
8408:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8095:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
8005:
7992:Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology
7979:
7639:
7154:Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics
6572:
5976:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5939:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5730:Kock, W.E. (1948). "Metallic Delay Lenses".
4398:
2694:{\displaystyle \operatorname {tr} (\kappa )}
2104:Mu-negative media (MNG) display a positive Δ
1342:
9990:de Baas, A. F.; J. L. Vallés (2007-02-11).
9686:
9239:
8996:
8660:
8457:
7649:Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis
6516:Journal of the Optical Society of America B
5990:
5806:
5695:Kock, W. E. (1946). "Metal-Lens Antennas".
5694:
5583:
5228:
5036:
5034:
3353:{\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}}
2317:flux densities. These parameters are Δ, Ό,
260:properties. Karl Ferdinand Lindman studied
174:. Such a lens can allow imaging below the
10466:
10057:
10043:
9888:
9800:
9559:; LonÄar, Marko; Yu, Nanfang (July 2017).
8953:
8844:
8612:"Negative Refraction Makes a Perfect Lens"
7446:
7276:
6659:
6211:Voznesenskaya, A. and Kabanova, D. (2012)
5757:Caloz, C.; Chang, C.-C.; Itoh, T. (2001).
5729:
5322:
4508:Three conceptions- negative-index medium,
4135:frequencies, usually defined as 0.1 to 10
3908:
3894:
2332:The intrinsic magnetoelectric parameters,
1212:
1198:
416:
10064:
9992:"Success stories in the Materials domain"
9914:
9836:
9775:
9712:
9663:
9452:
9379:
9337:
9269:
9139:
9063:
8858:
8768:
8635:
8586:
8576:
8393:
8204:
8194:
8145:
8135:
7962:
7897:
7843:. Vol. 11025. SPIE. pp. 29â35.
7795:
7695:
7532:
7479:
7440:
7298:
7200:
7078:
6963:
6902:
6791:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6252:
6180:
6034:
6008:
5908:
5663:
5560:
5542:
5509:
5352:
5195:
5093:
4940:
4907:
4855:"What are Electromagnetic Metamaterials?"
4720:
4522:
2248:
1298:and frequency-selective surfaces such as
256:, who in 1898 researched substances with
45:Ă 3.94 in Ă 3.94 in).
9895:MURI metamaterials, UC Berkeley (2009).
9851:
9107:
8011:
7337:
6665:
6507:Takayama, O.; Lavrinenko, A. V. (2019).
6443:
6169:Microwave and Optical Technology Letters
5843:
5040:
5031:
4539:Defense Advanced Research Project Agency
3037:. This is because the refractive index
1791:
1638:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}\mu _{r}}
1346:
1224:An electromagnetic metamaterial affects
160:high-frequency battlefield communication
29:
9845:
9170:
7879:
6639:UC Berkeley Atomic Physics Seminar 290F
6375:
6051:
5608:
4881:
4879:
4460:Several (mathematical) material models
961:Electromagnetism and special relativity
64:, meaning "beyond" or "after", and the
14:
10486:
10322:Differential technological development
9956:Metamaterials research and development
9291:
9289:
9192:
8609:
7614:
7409:
6841:"Bianisotropic photonic metamaterials"
6629:
6331:
6121:"Reversing Light: Negative Refraction"
5378:
5277:
5271:
4946:
4583:developed between the 1940s and 1970s.
2932:chirality-related polarization effects
2093:such as gold or silver are ENG in the
2074:) or negative relative permeability (Ό
1918:have numerous interesting properties:
349:Δ < 0). Natural materials (such as
183:'invisibility' was demonstrated using
81:, at scales that are smaller than the
10038:
9052:Progress in Electromagnetics Research
8510:Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
8382:Progress in Electromagnetics Research
8258:
8221:
7422:
7344:Theory and Phenomena of Metamaterials
6839:Kriegler, C. E.; et al. (2010).
6623:
6558:. Wiley & Sons. pp. 211â21.
6556:(added this reference on 2009-12-14.)
5889:
5887:
5750:
5723:
5688:
4849:
4770:; Richard W. Ziolkowski (June 2006).
4639:
4418:
4403:Metamaterials can be integrated with
4360:
4255:Metamaterial antennas are a class of
4083:
1953:) still describes refraction, but as
1232:accurately described by an effective
981:Maxwell equations in curved spacetime
168:shielding structures from earthquakes
9494:"Subwavelength integrated photonics"
8047:Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
7366:
7360:
5278:Cotton, Micheal G. (December 2003).
5136:
4876:
4131:Terahertz metamaterials interact at
4106:
10411:Future-oriented technology analysis
9286:
7431:"Projection Microstereolithography"
5609:Slyusar, V.I. (October 6â9, 2009).
5432:Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
4688:
4349:Metamaterials have applications in
4322:
1268:, the features are on the order of
142:applications, sensor detection and
24:
10170:High-temperature superconductivity
8801:"Experts test cloaking technology"
8561:"Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers"
6694:Soukoulis, C. M., ed. (May 2001).
6509:"Optics with hyperbolic materials"
5884:
5744:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01331.x
5612:Metamaterials on antenna solutions
4579:that came into use with the radar
4374:
4115:
3999:projection micro-stereolithography
2065:
1472:
1460:
318:in naturally occurring materials.
25:
10510:
10016:
9302:Light: Science & Applications
8905:Merritt, Richard (January 2009) "
8743:Schurig, D.; et al. (2006).
7615:Irving, Michael (April 9, 2024).
6496:https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.387065
5991:Rybin, M.V.; et al. (2015).
4575:analogues of naturally occurring
4518:Computing photonic band structure
4453:. The ring as a whole acts as an
4446:while the open section acts as a
3275:control of acoustic, elastic and
1248:, which underlies the physics of
216:microwave and antenna engineering
10465:
10282:Self-reconfiguring modular robot
10022:
9743:
9680:
9615:
9548:
9485:
9420:
9354:
9233:
9212:
9171:Johnson, R. Colin (2009-07-23).
9072:
9039:
7447:Fesenmaier, Kimm (23 May 2014).
7428:
6672:research in various technologies
5954:Yang, F.B.; Huang, J.P. (2024).
4500:can be easily obtained from the
4439:atom, while the ring acts as an
4206:Plasmonic metamaterials exploit
3200:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
3003:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
2432:
2421:
2410:
2386:
2375:
2364:
2128:plane can be rotated, forming a
1879:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
1825:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
1739:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
1677:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
1568:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
1510:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
1392:{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}}
272:in the early twentieth century.
8899:
8838:
8820:
8793:
8736:
8711:
8552:
8494:
8451:
8416:
8265:Costas Soukoulis (2007-01-04).
8162:
8103:
8038:
7914:
7880:Zadpoor, Amir A. (2019-12-17).
7873:
7828:
7775:
7728:
7675:
7633:
7608:
7565:
7512:
7459:
7410:Szondy, David (June 22, 2014).
7403:
7317:10.1016/j.photonics.2005.09.008
7180:
7145:
7095:
7046:
6996:
6943:
6882:
6771:
6500:
6488:
6437:
6205:
6160:
5984:
5947:
5631:
5622:
5569:
5518:
5419:
5163:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107202
5130:
5102:
5063:10.1070/PU1968v010n04ABEH003699
4859:Novel Electromagnetic Materials
4548:
4385:nondestructive material testing
4281:. This is a useful feature for
4229:
3973:structure. Also materials have
10175:High-temperature superfluidity
9262:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.034301
8530:10.1088/0022-3727/49/36/365101
7986:Paschotta, RĂŒdiger (2008â18).
7761:10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.016601
7270:10.1088/1464-4258/11/11/114003
7219:10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.057401
7032:10.1103/physrevlett.102.113902
6317:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.023901
6119:; David R. Smith (June 2004).
5379:Guerra, John M. (1995-06-26).
5112:Smart Materials and Structures
5069:
3264:
2864:
2858:
2802:
2796:
2740:
2734:
2688:
2682:
2641:
2635:
2261:Bi-isotropic and bianisotropic
1334:artificial magnetic conductors
13:
1:
10438:Technology in science fiction
9368:Laser & Photonics Reviews
8312:10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.213902
8015:Applications of Metamaterials
7174:10.1088/1464-4258/11/7/074009
6921:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.167401
5438:(Part 1, No. 3B): 1866â1875.
5143:Optics & Laser Technology
4632:
4464:in DNGs. One of these is the
3992:
2783:), (ii) pseudochiral media (
2162:
2136:(not to be confused with the
1601:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}<0}
986:Relativistic electromagnetism
397:Electromagnetic metamaterials
287:were studied for lightweight
9193:Barras, Colin (2009-06-26).
6219:, Volume 5, Number 12, p. 5.
5927:10.1103/RevModPhys.96.015002
5854:. Vol. 2. p. 412.
4973:10.1080/00107510410001667434
4300:
4195:
4120:
4028:
3245:
2462:{\displaystyle \varepsilon }
2176:in wavevector space forms a
122:negative-index metamaterials
7:
8637:10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.3966
5137:Awad, Ehab (October 2021).
4722:10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4184
4557:
4266:
4244:
4158:
3286:
1357:Negative-index metamaterial
35:Negative-index metamaterial
10:
10515:
10443:Technology readiness level
10379:Technological unemployment
9322:10.1038/s41377-021-00655-x
8912:February 20, 2009, at the
8877:10.1103/PhysRevE.72.016623
8565:Advanced Optical Materials
8244:10.1109/JPROC.2015.2394292
8012:Capolino, Filippo (2009).
7947:10.1038/s41467-022-35619-1
7551:10.1103/PhysRevA.84.063826
7498:10.1103/PhysRevA.81.043839
7338:Capolino, Filippo (2009).
6868:10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2020809
6750:10.1103/PhysRevB.65.144440
6646:(Seminar â lecture series)
6271:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.035407
5709:10.1109/JRPROC.1946.232264
5511:10.1088/1367-2630/9/11/399
5280:"Applied Electromagnetics"
4423:All materials are made of
4364:
4326:
4304:
4270:
4248:
4220:surface plasmon polaritons
4218:or surface waves known as
4199:
4184:
4180:
4162:
4124:
4087:
4032:
4019:
3290:
3269:
3249:
2188:
2184:
1781:materials such as metals (
1354:
711:LiĂ©nardâWiechert potential
281:AT&T Bell Laboratories
241:
237:
10461:
10426:Technological singularity
10386:Technological convergence
10304:
10257:
10202:Multi-function structures
10125:
10079:
10072:
9518:10.1038/s41586-018-0421-7
8445:10.1109/LAWP.2023.3284650
7714:10.1103/PhysRevX.5.021030
7661:10.1007/s00205-008-0200-y
5562:10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/220
4399:Guided mode manipulations
4383:resolution. Uses include
4279:electromagnetic radiation
4094:In 2009, Marc Briane and
4076:, it can act as either a
4058:
3981:. Together, these form a
3977:and intrinsic degrees of
2910:
2195:Electronic band structure
2134:magneto-optic Kerr effect
1859:. The real parts of both
1343:Negative refractive index
1254:strong spatial dispersion
976:Mathematical descriptions
686:Electromagnetic radiation
676:Electromagnetic induction
616:Magnetic vector potential
611:Magnetic scalar potential
379:negative refractive index
195:are also research areas.
144:infrastructure monitoring
110:electromagnetic radiation
10217:Molecular nanotechnology
10180:Linear acetylenic carbon
9874:10.1109/tap.2012.2194637
9557:Agarwal, Anuradha Murthy
9222:. KurzweilAI. 2014-01-28
9025:10.1109/TAP.2017.2734069
8982:10.1109/TAP.2018.2878641
8939:10.1109/TAP.2019.2940494
8067:10.1088/1361-648X/aa8bdd
7988:"Photonic Metamaterials"
7346:. Taylor & Francis.
6417:10.1109/TMTT.2003.821274
5860:10.1109/APS.2002.1016111
5837:10.1109/TMTT.2002.805197
5124:10.1088/1361-665X/acfddf
4535:Office of Naval Research
4355:radar-absorbent material
3412:ClausiusâDuhem (entropy)
3362:Fick's laws of diffusion
3281:mechanical metamaterials
3279:." They are also called
3227:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
3030:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
2845:), (iii) omega media (
2348:assumed to be zero, and
1906:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
1852:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
1766:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
1704:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
1537:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
1422:{\displaystyle \mu _{r}}
1310:exhibit similarities to
244:History of metamaterials
185:gradient-index materials
10391:Technological evolution
10364:Exploratory engineering
9242:Physical Review Letters
9141:10.1126/science.1210713
9081:Applied Physics Letters
8770:10.1126/science.1133628
8689:10.1126/science.1108759
8616:Physical Review Letters
8363:10.1109/TAP.2003.817556
8292:Physical Review Letters
8231:Proceedings of the IEEE
7784:Applied Physics Letters
7741:Physical Review Letters
7111:Applied Physics Letters
6952:Applied Physics Letters
6891:Physical Review Letters
6528:10.1364/JOSAB.36.000F38
6297:Physical Review Letters
5958:. Singapore: Springer.
5385:Applied Physics Letters
5325:Physica Status Solidi B
4918:10.1126/science.1058847
4701:Physical Review Letters
4655:Applied Physics Letters
4527:
4476:model applies when the
4202:Plasmonic metamaterials
4035:Nonlinear metamaterials
3570:NavierâStokes equations
3508:Material failure theory
3132:{\displaystyle \kappa }
2976:{\displaystyle \kappa }
2714:{\displaystyle \kappa }
2597:{\displaystyle \kappa }
1985:must be paired with a â
1323:Plasmonic metamaterials
526:Electrostatic induction
521:Electrostatic discharge
391:diffusion metamaterials
10401:Technology forecasting
10396:Technological paradigm
10369:Proactionary principle
9648:10.1126/sciadv.1700007
9398:10.1002/lpor.201600213
8610:Pendry, J. B. (2000).
8578:10.1002/adom.201800995
7449:"Miniature Truss Work"
6353:. Wiley. p. 340.
5531:New Journal of Physics
5490:New Journal of Physics
5345:10.1002/pssb.200674505
5235:Rainsford, Tamath J.;
4619:Metamaterials Handbook
4581:microwave technologies
4569:Artificial dielectrics
4523:Institutional networks
4510:non-reflecting crystal
4165:Photonic metamaterials
4127:Terahertz metamaterial
3354:
3293:Acoustic metamaterials
3228:
3201:
3174:
3133:
3110:
3051:
3031:
3004:
2977:
2901:
2839:
2777:
2715:
2695:
2663:
2598:
2578:
2523:
2522:{\displaystyle \zeta }
2503:
2483:
2463:
2443:
2397:
2249:Double positive medium
2022:
1907:
1880:
1853:
1826:
1802:
1767:
1740:
1705:
1678:
1639:
1608:. Because the product
1602:
1569:
1538:
1511:
1484:
1423:
1393:
1352:
1317:visible light spectrum
1290:are structured on the
1288:Photonic metamaterials
956:Electromagnetic tensor
385:was realized in 2006.
314:. This is contrary to
200:electrical engineering
46:
10327:Disruptive innovation
10190:Metamaterial cloaking
10066:Emerging technologies
9925:. DoD. Archived from
9585:10.1038/nnano.2017.50
9565:Nature Nanotechnology
7927:Nature Communications
7059:Nature Communications
5997:Nature Communications
5578:U.S. patent 9,081,202
4409:electromagnetic waves
4367:Seismic metamaterials
4329:Metamaterial cloaking
4295:metamaterial cloaking
4291:transformation optics
4273:Metamaterial absorber
4251:Metamaterial antennas
4216:electromagnetic waves
4187:Tunable metamaterials
4067:spheres suspended in
4049:electromagnetic field
3565:Bernoulli's principle
3558:Archimedes' principle
3355:
3229:
3202:
3175:
3134:
3111:
3052:
3032:
3005:
2978:
2902:
2840:
2778:
2716:
2696:
2664:
2599:
2579:
2524:
2504:
2484:
2464:
2444:
2398:
2301:field strengths, and
2213:tunable metamaterials
2189:Further information:
2023:
1970:points the other way.
1908:
1881:
1854:
1827:
1800:
1768:
1741:
1706:
1679:
1640:
1603:
1570:
1539:
1512:
1485:
1424:
1394:
1350:
1282:split-ring resonators
1226:electromagnetic waves
949:Covariant formulation
741:Synchrotron radiation
681:Electromagnetic pulse
671:Electromagnetic field
370:split-ring resonators
306:. He showed that the
254:Jagadish Chandra Bose
250:electromagnetic waves
193:seismic metamaterials
39:split-ring resonators
33:
10374:Technological change
10317:Collingridge dilemma
10031:at Wikimedia Commons
9838:10.1029/2007RS003647
9777:10.1364/OE.24.015672
9454:10.1364/OE.27.016425
9065:10.2528/PIER10060402
8395:10.2528/PIER04070701
7886:Biomaterials Science
7594:10.1364/OL.40.001500
6810:10.1364/OL.34.000019
5452:10.1143/jjap.41.1866
3657:Cohesion (chemistry)
3479:Infinitesimal strain
3315:
3211:
3184:
3143:
3123:
3064:
3041:
3014:
2987:
2967:
2849:
2787:
2725:
2705:
2673:
2608:
2588:
2533:
2513:
2502:{\displaystyle \xi }
2493:
2482:{\displaystyle \mu }
2473:
2453:
2406:
2360:
2118:magneto-optic effect
1993:
1890:
1863:
1836:
1809:
1750:
1723:
1688:
1661:
1612:
1579:
1552:
1521:
1494:
1440:
1406:
1376:
1300:diffraction gratings
1230:homogeneous material
991:Stressâenergy tensor
916:Reluctance (complex)
661:Displacement current
178:that is the minimum
150:management, Lasers,
10431:Technology scouting
10406:Accelerating change
10277:Powered exoskeleton
10234:Programmable matter
10112:Smart manufacturing
10107:Molecular assembler
10087:3D microfabrication
9866:2012ITAP...60.2727L
9829:2007RaSc...42.6S21S
9768:2016OExpr..2415672F
9762:(14): 15672â15686.
9705:2021OExpr..2939406H
9699:(24): 39406â39418.
9640:2017SciA....3E0007G
9577:2017NatNa..12..675L
9510:2018Natur.560..565C
9445:2019OExpr..2716425M
9439:(12): 16425â16439.
9390:2016LPRv...10.1039H
9314:2021LSA....10..235M
9254:2014PhRvL.112c4301R
9132:2011Sci...334..333Y
9093:2014ApPhL.104v1110L
9017:2017ITAP...65.5406M
8974:2019ITAP...67..298M
8869:2005PhRvE..72a6623A
8761:2006Sci...314..977S
8681:2005Sci...308..534F
8628:2000PhRvL..85.3966P
8522:2016JPhD...49J5101Y
8472:2014NanoL..14.3510L
8437:2023IAWPL..22.2290N
8355:2003ITAP...51.2619S
8304:2002PhRvL..89u3902E
8187:2020Mate...13.3512B
8128:2020Mate...13.1890B
8059:2017JPCM...29T3001T
7939:2023NatCo..14..193G
7882:"Meta-biomaterials"
7849:2019SPIE11025E..0EA
7806:2015ApPhL.107m2103K
7753:2017PhRvL.118a6601K
7706:2015PhRvX...5b1030K
7586:2015OptL...40.1500C
7543:2011PhRvA..84f3826V
7490:2010PhRvA..81d3839C
7381:2011NatMa..10..565P
7309:2005PhNan...3..107T
7262:2009JOptA..11k4003W
7211:2015PhRvL.115e7401R
7166:2009JOptA..11g4009P
7123:2016ApPhL.108n1905P
7071:2012NatCo...3..833R
7024:2009PhRvL.102k3902P
6974:2009ApPhL..94m1901P
6913:2006PhRvL..97p7401F
6860:2010IJSTQ..16..367K
6802:2009OptL...34...19R
6742:2002PhRvB..65n4440M
6601:10.1038/nature07247
6593:2008Natur.455..376V
6466:10.1038/nature14477
6458:2015Natur.522..192H
6409:2004ITMTT..52..199A
6359:2005nmfp.book.....E
6309:2009PhRvL.102b3901Z
6263:2009PhRvB..79c5407P
6140:2004PhT....57f..37P
6081:1999ITMTT..47.2059S
6027:10.1038/ncomms10102
6019:2015NatCo...610102R
5919:2024RvMP...96a5002Y
5829:2002ITMTT..50.2702E
5778:2001JAP....90.5483C
5656:2003Natur.426..404P
5553:2005NJPh....7..220Z
5502:2007NJPh....9..399G
5444:2002JaJAP..41.1866G
5397:1995ApPhL..66.3555G
5337:2007PSSBR.244.1192A
5249:2005SPIE.5649..826R
5206:2009ApPhL..94f1903B
5155:2021OptLT.14207202A
5055:1968SvPhU..10..509V
4965:2004ConPh..45..191P
4953:Negative Refraction
4900:2001Sci...292...77S
4713:2000PhRvL..84.4184S
4667:2001ApPhL..78..489S
4470:harmonic oscillator
4389:medical diagnostics
4224:plasma oscillations
4141:Terahertz radiation
3575:Poiseuille equation
3306:Continuum mechanics
3300:Part of a series on
2949:extrinsic chirality
2199:Coupled oscillation
2181:resonance effects.
2174:dispersion relation
1968:Cherenkov radiation
1361:Negative refraction
1266:microwave radiation
906:Magnetomotive force
791:Electromotive force
761:Alternating current
696:Jefimenko equations
656:Cyclotron radiation
347:dielectric function
275:In the late 1940s,
212:solid state physics
118:index of refraction
10448:Technology roadmap
10150:Conductive polymer
8196:10.3390/ma13163512
8137:10.3390/ma13081890
7899:10.1039/C9BM01247H
7857:10.1117/12.2523340
7250:J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
7080:10.1038/ncomms1805
5732:Bell Syst. Tech. J
5095:10.3390/app8060941
4462:frequency response
4419:Theoretical models
4405:optical waveguides
4361:Seismic protection
4351:stealth technology
4339:proof of principle
4287:solar photovoltaic
4084:Hall metamaterials
3781:Magnetorheological
3776:Electrorheological
3513:Fracture mechanics
3350:
3259:frequency response
3224:
3197:
3170:
3129:
3106:
3047:
3027:
3000:
2973:
2940:circular dichroism
2897:
2835:
2773:
2711:
2691:
2659:
2627:
2594:
2574:
2519:
2499:
2479:
2459:
2439:
2393:
2018:
1973:The time-averaged
1903:
1876:
1849:
1822:
1803:
1763:
1736:
1701:
1674:
1635:
1598:
1565:
1534:
1507:
1480:
1419:
1389:
1353:
1304:dielectric mirrors
754:Electrical network
591:Gauss magnetic law
556:Static electricity
516:Electric potential
383:invisibility cloak
289:microwave antennas
164:ultrasonic sensors
79:repeating patterns
47:
10481:
10480:
10300:
10299:
10249:Synthetic diamond
10145:Artificial muscle
10127:Materials science
10027:Media related to
9958:. Metamorphose VI
9714:10.1364/OE.443186
9504:(7720): 565â572.
9101:10.1063/1.4881935
9011:(10): 5406â5417.
8480:10.1021/nl501090w
8025:978-1-4200-5423-1
7866:978-1-5106-2716-1
7841:Metamaterials XII
7814:10.1063/1.4932046
7684:Physical Review X
7353:978-1-4200-5425-5
7131:10.1063/1.4944775
6982:10.1063/1.3109780
6736:(14): 144440â41.
6730:Physical Review B
6707:978-0-7923-6948-6
6565:978-0-471-76102-0
6452:(7555): 192â196.
6382:AlĂč, Andrea and;
6368:978-0-471-60146-3
6241:Physical Review B
6191:10.1002/mop.20127
6148:10.1063/1.1784272
6089:10.1109/22.798001
5869:978-0-7803-7330-3
5786:10.1063/1.1408261
5391:(26): 3555â3557.
5257:10.1117/12.607746
5214:10.1063/1.3068491
5190:(61903): 061903.
5184:Appl. Phys. Lett.
4982:978-0-691-12347-9
4833:978-1-4020-9406-4
4787:978-0-471-76102-0
4684:on June 18, 2010.
4675:10.1063/1.1343489
4484:applies when the
4407:to tailor guided
4393:sound suppression
4317:diffraction limit
4175:photonic band gap
4107:Meta-biomaterials
3969:propagation in a
3918:
3917:
3793:
3792:
3727:
3726:
3496:Contact mechanics
3419:
3418:
3348:
3168:
3098:
3050:{\displaystyle n}
2942:. The concept of
2626:
2323:coordinate system
2239:transmission line
2172:. The material's
2158:
2154:
2111:
2107:
2099:visible spectrums
2088:
2084:
2077:
2073:
2016:
1798:
1478:
1296:Photonic crystals
1250:photonic crystals
1222:
1221:
921:Reluctance (real)
891:Gyratorâcapacitor
836:Resonant cavities
726:Maxwell equations
224:material sciences
176:diffraction limit
16:(Redirected from
10506:
10494:Electromagnetism
10469:
10468:
10416:Horizon scanning
10332:Ephemeralization
10292:Uncrewed vehicle
10212:Carbon nanotubes
10077:
10076:
10059:
10052:
10045:
10036:
10035:
10026:
10010:
10009:
10007:
10006:
9996:
9987:
9981:
9980:
9974:
9966:
9964:
9963:
9953:
9944:
9938:
9937:
9935:
9934:
9929:on March 2, 2010
9918:
9912:
9911:
9909:
9908:
9899:. Archived from
9892:
9886:
9885:
9849:
9843:
9842:
9840:
9804:
9798:
9797:
9779:
9747:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9737:
9716:
9684:
9678:
9677:
9667:
9628:Science Advances
9619:
9613:
9612:
9552:
9546:
9545:
9489:
9483:
9482:
9456:
9424:
9418:
9417:
9383:
9374:(6): 1039â1046.
9358:
9352:
9351:
9341:
9293:
9284:
9283:
9273:
9237:
9231:
9230:
9228:
9227:
9216:
9210:
9209:
9207:
9206:
9190:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9168:
9162:
9161:
9143:
9111:
9105:
9104:
9076:
9070:
9069:
9067:
9043:
9037:
9036:
9000:
8994:
8993:
8957:
8951:
8950:
8922:
8916:
8903:
8897:
8896:
8862:
8860:cond-mat/0502336
8842:
8836:
8835:
8824:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8814:
8797:
8791:
8790:
8772:
8755:(5801): 977â80.
8740:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8730:
8725:on July 19, 2009
8715:
8709:
8708:
8675:(5721): 534â37.
8664:
8658:
8657:
8639:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8590:
8580:
8556:
8550:
8549:
8507:
8498:
8492:
8491:
8455:
8449:
8448:
8431:(9): 2290â2294.
8420:
8414:
8413:
8407:
8399:
8397:
8373:
8367:
8366:
8338:
8332:
8331:
8287:
8281:
8280:
8278:
8277:
8262:
8256:
8255:
8225:
8219:
8218:
8208:
8198:
8166:
8160:
8159:
8149:
8139:
8107:
8101:
8100:
8094:
8086:
8042:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8032:
8009:
8003:
8002:
8000:
7999:
7983:
7977:
7976:
7966:
7918:
7912:
7911:
7901:
7877:
7871:
7870:
7832:
7826:
7825:
7799:
7779:
7773:
7772:
7732:
7726:
7725:
7699:
7679:
7673:
7672:
7646:
7637:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7612:
7606:
7605:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7536:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7483:
7463:
7457:
7456:
7444:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7429:Fang, Nicholas.
7426:
7420:
7419:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7389:10.1038/nmat3084
7369:Nature Materials
7364:
7358:
7357:
7335:
7329:
7328:
7302:
7300:cond-mat/0509287
7280:
7274:
7273:
7245:
7239:
7238:
7204:
7184:
7178:
7177:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7108:
7099:
7093:
7092:
7082:
7050:
7044:
7043:
7009:
7000:
6994:
6993:
6967:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6906:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6845:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6795:
6775:
6769:
6768:
6767:on 20 July 2011.
6766:
6760:. Archived from
6727:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6691:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6663:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6653:
6647:
6641:. Archived from
6627:
6621:
6620:
6587:(7211): 376â79.
6576:
6570:
6569:
6557:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6513:
6504:
6498:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6392:
6386:(January 2004).
6379:
6373:
6372:
6344:
6329:
6328:
6292:
6283:
6282:
6256:
6238:
6229:
6220:
6209:
6203:
6202:
6184:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6154:
6125:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6103:
6098:on July 19, 2011
6097:
6091:. Archived from
6064:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6038:
6012:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5975:
5967:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5938:
5930:
5912:
5891:
5882:
5881:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5794:
5788:. Archived from
5763:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5667:
5635:
5629:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5606:
5581:
5580:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5546:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5481:
5472:
5471:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5405:10.1063/1.113814
5376:
5367:
5366:
5356:
5320:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5295:
5284:
5275:
5269:
5268:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5199:
5178:
5167:
5166:
5134:
5128:
5127:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5082:Applied Sciences
5073:
5067:
5066:
5038:
5029:
5028:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5008:
5006:
5005:
4999:
4993:. Archived from
4958:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4911:
4883:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:on July 20, 2009
4847:
4838:
4837:
4817:
4792:
4791:
4778:Wiley & Sons
4764:
4735:
4734:
4724:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4677:. Archived from
4652:
4643:
4514:first principles
4490:plasma frequency
4474:Debye relaxation
4323:Cloaking devices
4208:surface plasmons
4045:nonlinear optics
3910:
3903:
3896:
3742:
3741:
3707:Gay-Lussac's law
3697:Combined gas law
3647:Capillary action
3532:
3531:
3375:
3374:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3297:
3296:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3147:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3077:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2936:optical activity
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2701:is the trace of
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2628:
2619:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2554:
2553:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2424:
2413:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2378:
2367:
2203:Electromagnetic
2191:Photonic crystal
2156:
2152:
2109:
2105:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2071:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2009:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1799:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1431:refractive index
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1327:surface plasmons
1308:optical coatings
1258:phase transition
1246:Bragg scattering
1234:refractive index
1214:
1207:
1200:
881:Electric machine
864:Magnetic circuit
826:Parallel circuit
816:Network analysis
781:Electric current
716:London equations
561:Triboelectricity
551:Potential energy
420:
410:Electromagnetism
401:
400:
316:wave propagation
262:wave interaction
204:electromagnetics
129:sports equipment
21:
10514:
10513:
10509:
10508:
10507:
10505:
10504:
10503:
10484:
10483:
10482:
10477:
10457:
10296:
10253:
10155:Femtotechnology
10140:Amorphous metal
10121:
10068:
10063:
10019:
10014:
10013:
10004:
10002:
9994:
9988:
9984:
9968:
9967:
9961:
9959:
9951:
9945:
9941:
9932:
9930:
9919:
9915:
9906:
9904:
9893:
9889:
9850:
9846:
9809:Yaghjian, A. D.
9805:
9801:
9748:
9744:
9735:
9733:
9685:
9681:
9634:(7): e1700007.
9620:
9616:
9553:
9549:
9490:
9486:
9425:
9421:
9359:
9355:
9294:
9287:
9238:
9234:
9225:
9223:
9218:
9217:
9213:
9204:
9202:
9191:
9187:
9178:
9176:
9169:
9165:
9126:(6054): 333â7.
9112:
9108:
9077:
9073:
9044:
9040:
9001:
8997:
8958:
8954:
8923:
8919:
8914:Wayback Machine
8904:
8900:
8843:
8839:
8826:
8825:
8821:
8812:
8810:
8799:
8798:
8794:
8741:
8737:
8728:
8726:
8717:
8716:
8712:
8665:
8661:
8622:(18): 3966â69.
8608:
8604:
8557:
8553:
8505:
8499:
8495:
8456:
8452:
8421:
8417:
8401:
8400:
8374:
8370:
8349:(10): 2619â25.
8339:
8335:
8288:
8284:
8275:
8273:
8271:Ames Laboratory
8263:
8259:
8226:
8222:
8167:
8163:
8108:
8104:
8088:
8087:
8043:
8039:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8010:
8006:
7997:
7995:
7984:
7980:
7919:
7915:
7878:
7874:
7867:
7833:
7829:
7780:
7776:
7733:
7729:
7680:
7676:
7644:
7638:
7634:
7625:
7623:
7613:
7609:
7570:
7566:
7517:
7513:
7464:
7460:
7445:
7441:
7433:
7427:
7423:
7408:
7404:
7365:
7361:
7354:
7336:
7332:
7293:(2â3): 107â15.
7281:
7277:
7246:
7242:
7189:Phys. Rev. Lett
7185:
7181:
7150:
7146:
7106:
7100:
7096:
7051:
7047:
7012:Phys. Rev. Lett
7007:
7001:
6997:
6948:
6944:
6904:physics/0604234
6887:
6883:
6843:
6837:
6833:
6776:
6772:
6764:
6725:
6719:
6715:
6708:
6692:
6685:
6676:
6674:
6668:"Metamaterials"
6664:
6660:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6628:
6624:
6577:
6573:
6566:
6555:
6547:
6543:
6511:
6505:
6501:
6493:
6489:
6442:
6438:
6429:
6427:
6390:
6380:
6376:
6369:
6345:
6332:
6293:
6286:
6236:
6230:
6223:
6210:
6206:
6182:physics/0311029
6165:
6161:
6152:
6150:
6123:
6117:Pendry, John B.
6114:
6110:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6075:(11): 2059â74.
6062:
6056:
6052:
5989:
5985:
5969:
5968:
5952:
5948:
5932:
5931:
5892:
5885:
5870:
5848:
5844:
5823:(12): 2702â12.
5811:
5807:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5761:
5755:
5751:
5728:
5724:
5693:
5689:
5665:10.1038/426404a
5636:
5632:
5627:
5623:
5615:
5607:
5584:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5544:physics/0412128
5523:
5519:
5482:
5475:
5424:
5420:
5377:
5370:
5321:
5308:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5233:
5229:
5179:
5170:
5135:
5131:
5107:
5103:
5074:
5070:
5043:Physics-Uspekhi
5039:
5032:
5020:
5019:
5010:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4983:
4956:
4948:Pendry, John B.
4945:
4941:
4909:10.1.1.119.1617
4894:(5514): 77â79.
4884:
4877:
4868:
4866:
4851:Smith, David R.
4848:
4841:
4834:
4818:
4795:
4788:
4765:
4738:
4707:(18): 4184â87.
4693:
4689:
4681:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4560:
4551:
4530:
4525:
4486:restoring force
4421:
4401:
4377:
4375:Sound filtering
4369:
4363:
4347:
4335:cloaking device
4331:
4325:
4309:
4303:
4275:
4269:
4253:
4247:
4232:
4204:
4198:
4189:
4183:
4167:
4161:
4129:
4123:
4118:
4116:Frequency bands
4109:
4092:
4086:
4061:
4037:
4031:
4022:
3995:
3924:in the form of
3914:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3803:
3795:
3794:
3748:Viscoelasticity
3739:
3729:
3728:
3716:
3666:
3662:Surface tension
3626:
3529:
3527:Fluid mechanics
3519:
3518:
3517:
3431:
3429:Solid mechanics
3421:
3420:
3372:
3364:
3340:
3332:
3330:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3295:
3289:
3272:
3267:
3254:
3248:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2913:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2617:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2568:
2564:
2549:
2545:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2431:
2420:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2385:
2374:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2263:
2251:
2201:
2187:
2165:
2145:optical isomers
2130:Faraday rotator
2068:
2066:Single negative
2008:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1975:Poynting vector
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1816:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1792:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1586:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1355:Main articles:
1345:
1218:
1189:
1188:
1004:
996:
995:
951:
941:
940:
896:Induction motor
866:
856:
855:
771:Current density
756:
746:
745:
736:Poynting vector
646:
644:Electrodynamics
636:
635:
631:Right-hand rule
596:Magnetic dipole
586:BiotâSavart law
576:
566:
565:
501:Electric dipole
496:Electric charge
471:
399:
331:right-hand rule
312:Poynting vector
300:Victor Veselago
293:radar absorbers
277:Winston E. Kock
246:
240:
220:optoelectronics
136:medical devices
132:optical filters
103:electromagnetic
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10512:
10502:
10501:
10496:
10479:
10478:
10476:
10475:
10462:
10459:
10458:
10456:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10434:
10433:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10382:
10381:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10360:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10308:
10306:
10302:
10301:
10298:
10297:
10295:
10294:
10289:
10287:Swarm robotics
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10263:
10261:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10229:Picotechnology
10226:
10225:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10207:Nanotechnology
10204:
10199:
10194:
10193:
10192:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10137:
10131:
10129:
10123:
10122:
10120:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10083:
10081:
10074:
10070:
10069:
10062:
10061:
10054:
10047:
10039:
10033:
10032:
10018:
10017:External links
10015:
10012:
10011:
9982:
9949:"Metamorphose"
9939:
9913:
9887:
9860:(6): 2727â39.
9844:
9807:Shore, R. A.;
9799:
9756:Optics Express
9742:
9693:Optics Express
9679:
9614:
9571:(7): 675â683.
9547:
9484:
9433:Optics Express
9419:
9353:
9285:
9232:
9211:
9185:
9163:
9106:
9087:(22): 221110.
9071:
9038:
8995:
8968:(1): 298â308.
8952:
8917:
8898:
8837:
8819:
8792:
8735:
8710:
8659:
8602:
8571:(3): 1800995.
8551:
8516:(36): 365101.
8493:
8466:(6): 3510â14.
8450:
8415:
8368:
8333:
8298:(21): 213902.
8282:
8257:
8238:(7): 1034â56.
8220:
8161:
8102:
8053:(46): 463001.
8037:
8024:
8004:
7978:
7913:
7872:
7865:
7827:
7790:(13): 132103.
7774:
7727:
7674:
7655:(3): 715â736.
7632:
7607:
7564:
7511:
7458:
7439:
7421:
7402:
7359:
7352:
7330:
7275:
7256:(11): 114003.
7240:
7179:
7144:
7117:(14): 141905.
7094:
7045:
7018:(11): 113902.
6995:
6958:(13): 131901.
6942:
6897:(16): 167401.
6881:
6831:
6780:Optics Letters
6770:
6713:
6706:
6683:
6658:
6633:(2009-04-11).
6622:
6571:
6564:
6541:
6522:(8): F38âF48.
6499:
6487:
6436:
6403:(1): 199â210.
6374:
6367:
6330:
6284:
6221:
6204:
6159:
6108:
6050:
5983:
5946:
5897:Rev. Mod. Phys
5883:
5868:
5842:
5805:
5749:
5722:
5703:(11): 828â36.
5687:
5630:
5621:
5582:
5568:
5517:
5473:
5418:
5368:
5331:(4): 1192â96.
5306:
5270:
5227:
5168:
5129:
5118:(11): 113001.
5101:
5068:
5049:(4): 509â514.
5030:
5021:|journal=
4981:
4939:
4875:
4853:(2006-06-10).
4839:
4832:
4793:
4786:
4768:Engheta, Nader
4736:
4687:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4607:
4602:
4584:
4566:
4559:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4502:Mie scattering
4498:polarizability
4420:
4417:
4413:meta-waveguide
4400:
4397:
4376:
4373:
4365:Main article:
4362:
4359:
4346:
4343:
4327:Main article:
4324:
4321:
4305:Main article:
4302:
4299:
4283:photodetection
4271:Main article:
4268:
4265:
4261:radiated power
4249:Main article:
4246:
4243:
4231:
4228:
4200:Main article:
4197:
4194:
4185:Main article:
4182:
4179:
4163:Main article:
4160:
4157:
4125:Main article:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4088:Main article:
4085:
4082:
4060:
4057:
4053:phase matching
4033:Main article:
4030:
4027:
4021:
4018:
3994:
3991:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3652:Chromatography
3649:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3584:
3572:
3567:
3555:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3530:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3346:
3343:
3338:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3309:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3291:Main article:
3288:
3285:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3250:Main article:
3247:
3244:
3221:
3217:
3194:
3190:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3128:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3102:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3046:
3024:
3020:
2997:
2993:
2972:
2912:
2909:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2710:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2593:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2518:
2498:
2478:
2458:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2366:
2268:electric field
2262:
2259:
2250:
2247:
2186:
2183:
2164:
2161:
2122:Faraday effect
2114:magnetic field
2108:and negative Ό
2067:
2064:
2057:left-hand rule
2030:
2029:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1971:
1965:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1900:
1896:
1873:
1869:
1846:
1842:
1819:
1815:
1760:
1756:
1733:
1729:
1698:
1694:
1671:
1667:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1562:
1558:
1531:
1527:
1504:
1500:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1416:
1412:
1386:
1382:
1344:
1341:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
971:Four-potential
968:
963:
958:
952:
947:
946:
943:
942:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
886:Electric motor
883:
878:
873:
867:
862:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
848:
843:
841:Series circuit
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
811:Kirchhoff laws
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
776:Direct current
773:
768:
763:
757:
752:
751:
748:
747:
744:
743:
738:
733:
731:Maxwell tensor
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
701:Larmor formula
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
651:Bremsstrahlung
647:
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
601:Magnetic field
598:
593:
588:
583:
577:
574:Magnetostatics
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
506:Electric field
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
476:Charge density
472:
469:Electrostatics
467:
466:
463:
462:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
422:
421:
413:
412:
406:
405:
404:Articles about
398:
395:
362:David R. Smith
351:ferroelectrics
339:phase velocity
337:) against its
335:group velocity
308:phase velocity
304:transmit light
268:as artificial
264:with metallic
242:Main article:
239:
236:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10511:
10500:
10499:Metamaterials
10497:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10489:
10474:
10473:
10464:
10463:
10460:
10454:
10453:Transhumanism
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10403:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10339:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10309:
10307:
10303:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10260:
10256:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10223:
10222:Nanomaterials
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10209:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10191:
10188:
10187:
10186:
10185:Metamaterials
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10132:
10130:
10128:
10124:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10097:3D publishing
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10084:
10082:
10080:Manufacturing
10078:
10075:
10071:
10067:
10060:
10055:
10053:
10048:
10046:
10041:
10040:
10037:
10030:
10029:Metamaterials
10025:
10021:
10020:
10000:
9993:
9986:
9978:
9972:
9957:
9950:
9943:
9928:
9924:
9917:
9903:on 2009-12-03
9902:
9898:
9891:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9871:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9855:
9848:
9839:
9834:
9830:
9826:
9823:(6): RS6S21.
9822:
9818:
9817:Radio Science
9814:
9810:
9803:
9795:
9791:
9787:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9769:
9765:
9761:
9757:
9753:
9746:
9732:
9728:
9724:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9706:
9702:
9698:
9694:
9690:
9683:
9675:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9645:
9641:
9637:
9633:
9629:
9625:
9618:
9610:
9606:
9602:
9598:
9594:
9590:
9586:
9582:
9578:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9562:
9558:
9551:
9543:
9539:
9535:
9531:
9527:
9523:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9488:
9480:
9476:
9472:
9468:
9464:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9434:
9430:
9423:
9415:
9411:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9395:
9391:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9373:
9369:
9365:
9357:
9349:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9319:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9303:
9299:
9292:
9290:
9281:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9263:
9259:
9255:
9251:
9248:(3): 034301.
9247:
9243:
9236:
9221:
9215:
9200:
9199:New Scientist
9196:
9189:
9175:. EETimes.com
9174:
9167:
9159:
9155:
9151:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9133:
9129:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9110:
9102:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9075:
9066:
9061:
9057:
9053:
9049:
9042:
9034:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9018:
9014:
9010:
9006:
8999:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8971:
8967:
8963:
8956:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8936:
8932:
8928:
8921:
8915:
8911:
8908:
8902:
8894:
8890:
8886:
8882:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8853:(1): 016623.
8852:
8848:
8841:
8833:
8829:
8823:
8808:
8807:
8802:
8796:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8762:
8758:
8754:
8750:
8746:
8739:
8724:
8720:
8714:
8706:
8702:
8698:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8678:
8674:
8670:
8663:
8655:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8606:
8598:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8570:
8566:
8562:
8555:
8547:
8543:
8539:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8504:
8497:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8454:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8419:
8411:
8405:
8396:
8391:
8387:
8383:
8379:
8372:
8364:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8337:
8329:
8325:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8286:
8272:
8268:
8261:
8253:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8237:
8233:
8232:
8224:
8216:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8176:
8172:
8165:
8157:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8106:
8098:
8092:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8064:
8060:
8056:
8052:
8048:
8041:
8027:
8021:
8017:
8016:
8008:
7993:
7989:
7982:
7974:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7924:
7917:
7909:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7876:
7868:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7842:
7838:
7831:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7789:
7785:
7778:
7770:
7766:
7762:
7758:
7754:
7750:
7747:(1): 016601.
7746:
7742:
7738:
7731:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7690:(2): 021030.
7689:
7685:
7678:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7643:
7636:
7622:
7618:
7611:
7603:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7587:
7583:
7580:(7): 1500â3.
7579:
7575:
7568:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7527:(6): 063826.
7526:
7522:
7515:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7474:(4): 043839.
7473:
7469:
7462:
7454:
7450:
7443:
7432:
7425:
7417:
7413:
7406:
7398:
7394:
7390:
7386:
7382:
7378:
7375:(8): 565â66.
7374:
7370:
7363:
7355:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7334:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7292:
7288:
7287:
7279:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7244:
7236:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7212:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7195:(5): 057401.
7194:
7190:
7183:
7175:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7160:(7): 074009.
7159:
7155:
7148:
7140:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7090:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7072:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7049:
7041:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7025:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7006:
6999:
6991:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6946:
6938:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6885:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6842:
6835:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6774:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6709:
6703:
6699:
6698:
6690:
6688:
6673:
6669:
6662:
6648:on 2010-06-27
6644:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6575:
6567:
6561:
6554:
6553:
6545:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6497:
6491:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6440:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6389:
6385:
6384:Nader Engheta
6378:
6370:
6364:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6303:(2): 023901.
6302:
6298:
6291:
6289:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6247:(3): 035407.
6246:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6226:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6175:(4): 315â16.
6174:
6170:
6163:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6128:Physics Today
6122:
6118:
6112:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6069:
6061:
6054:
6046:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5987:
5979:
5973:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5950:
5942:
5936:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5903:(1): 015002.
5902:
5898:
5890:
5888:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5809:
5795:on 2021-09-16
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5766:J. Appl. Phys
5760:
5753:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5726:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5691:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5650:(6965): 404.
5649:
5645:
5641:
5634:
5625:
5614:
5613:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5579:
5572:
5563:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5521:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5480:
5478:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5422:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5375:
5373:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5296:on 2008-09-16
5292:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5231:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5133:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5105:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5072:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5037:
5035:
5026:
5014:
5000:on 2016-10-20
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4880:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4844:
4835:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4789:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4691:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4638:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4611:Metamaterials
4608:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4555:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4466:Lorentz model
4463:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4437:ferroelectric
4434:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4372:
4368:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4193:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4113:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4096:Graeme Milton
4091:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4026:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3911:
3906:
3904:
3899:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3798:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3692:Charles's law
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3600:non-Newtonian
3598:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Compatibility
3484:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3474:Finite strain
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:Conservations
3377:
3376:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:seismic waves
3262:
3260:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3219:
3215:
3192:
3188:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3126:
3103:
3100:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3044:
3022:
3018:
2995:
2991:
2970:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2708:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2591:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2516:
2496:
2476:
2456:
2436:
2428:
2425:
2417:
2414:
2390:
2382:
2379:
2371:
2368:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2340:, affect the
2339:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2258:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2232:polarizations
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2160:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:, enabling a
2115:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2079:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1898:
1894:
1871:
1867:
1844:
1840:
1817:
1813:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1758:
1754:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1714:
1696:
1692:
1669:
1665:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:is positive,
1630:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1529:
1525:
1502:
1498:
1467:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1435:
1432:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1312:subwavelength
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
950:
945:
944:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
865:
860:
859:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
806:Joule heating
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
755:
750:
749:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:Lorentz force
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:
640:
639:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
621:Magnetization
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
606:Magnetic flux
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
575:
570:
569:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
511:Electric flux
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
470:
465:
464:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
448:Computational
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
423:
419:
415:
414:
411:
408:
407:
403:
402:
394:
392:
386:
384:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
245:
235:
234:engineering.
233:
232:semiconductor
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:crowd control
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
18:Metamaterials
10470:
10357:Robot ethics
10272:Nanorobotics
10239:Quantum dots
10184:
10003:. Retrieved
9999:Metamorphose
9998:
9985:
9960:. Retrieved
9955:
9942:
9931:. Retrieved
9927:the original
9916:
9905:. Retrieved
9901:the original
9890:
9857:
9853:
9847:
9820:
9816:
9802:
9759:
9755:
9745:
9734:. Retrieved
9696:
9692:
9682:
9631:
9627:
9617:
9568:
9564:
9550:
9501:
9497:
9487:
9436:
9432:
9422:
9371:
9367:
9356:
9305:
9301:
9271:1721.1/85082
9245:
9241:
9235:
9224:. Retrieved
9214:
9203:. Retrieved
9198:
9188:
9177:. Retrieved
9166:
9123:
9119:
9109:
9084:
9080:
9074:
9055:
9051:
9041:
9008:
9004:
8998:
8965:
8961:
8955:
8930:
8926:
8920:
8901:
8850:
8847:Phys. Rev. E
8846:
8840:
8831:
8822:
8811:. Retrieved
8809:. 2006-10-19
8804:
8795:
8752:
8748:
8738:
8727:. Retrieved
8723:the original
8713:
8672:
8668:
8662:
8619:
8615:
8605:
8568:
8564:
8554:
8513:
8509:
8496:
8463:
8460:Nano Letters
8459:
8453:
8428:
8424:
8418:
8404:cite journal
8385:
8381:
8371:
8346:
8342:
8336:
8295:
8291:
8285:
8274:. Retrieved
8260:
8235:
8229:
8223:
8181:(16): 3512.
8178:
8174:
8164:
8119:
8115:
8105:
8091:cite journal
8050:
8046:
8040:
8029:. Retrieved
8014:
8007:
7996:. Retrieved
7991:
7981:
7930:
7926:
7916:
7892:(1): 18â38.
7889:
7885:
7875:
7840:
7830:
7787:
7783:
7777:
7744:
7740:
7730:
7687:
7683:
7677:
7652:
7648:
7635:
7624:. Retrieved
7620:
7610:
7577:
7573:
7567:
7524:
7521:Phys. Rev. A
7520:
7514:
7471:
7468:Phys. Rev. A
7467:
7461:
7452:
7442:
7424:
7415:
7405:
7372:
7368:
7362:
7343:
7340:"Chapter 32"
7333:
7290:
7284:
7278:
7253:
7249:
7243:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7114:
7110:
7097:
7062:
7058:
7048:
7015:
7011:
6998:
6955:
6951:
6945:
6894:
6890:
6884:
6851:
6847:
6834:
6786:(1): 19â21.
6783:
6779:
6773:
6762:the original
6733:
6729:
6716:
6696:
6675:. Retrieved
6671:
6661:
6650:. Retrieved
6643:the original
6638:
6625:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6551:
6544:
6519:
6515:
6502:
6490:
6449:
6445:
6439:
6428:. Retrieved
6400:
6394:
6377:
6349:
6300:
6296:
6244:
6240:
6216:
6207:
6172:
6168:
6162:
6151:. Retrieved
6131:
6127:
6111:
6100:. Retrieved
6093:the original
6072:
6066:
6053:
6000:
5996:
5986:
5955:
5949:
5935:cite journal
5900:
5896:
5851:
5845:
5820:
5814:
5808:
5797:. Retrieved
5790:the original
5769:
5765:
5752:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5647:
5643:
5633:
5624:
5611:
5571:
5534:
5530:
5520:
5493:
5489:
5435:
5431:
5421:
5388:
5384:
5328:
5324:
5298:. Retrieved
5291:the original
5286:
5273:
5240:
5230:
5187:
5182:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5115:
5111:
5104:
5085:
5081:
5071:
5046:
5042:
5002:. Retrieved
4995:the original
4952:
4942:
4891:
4887:
4867:. Retrieved
4863:the original
4858:
4822:
4772:
4704:
4700:
4690:
4679:the original
4658:
4654:
4641:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4552:
4549:Metamorphose
4543:
4531:
4507:
4494:
4478:acceleration
4459:
4450:
4443:
4432:
4427:, which are
4422:
4402:
4378:
4370:
4348:
4332:
4312:
4310:
4276:
4254:
4236:
4233:
4230:Applications
4205:
4190:
4177:structures.
4171:mid-infrared
4168:
4153:far-infrared
4130:
4110:
4101:
4093:
4062:
4038:
4023:
4015:
3996:
3962:
3960:mass density
3955:
3953:bulk modulus
3950:
3919:
3767:Smart fluids
3712:Graham's law
3618:
3611:
3596:
3582:Pascal's law
3578:
3561:
3549:
3404:Inequalities
3273:
3255:
3239:
3235:
3118:
2958:
2952:
2944:2D chirality
2925:
2921:right-handed
2920:
2916:
2914:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2318:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2276:bi-isotropic
2264:
2252:
2236:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2166:
2149:
2126:polarization
2103:
2091:noble metals
2080:
2069:
2061:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2031:
1986:
1982:
1979:antiparallel
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1915:
1804:
1716:
1712:
1657:. When both
1654:
1646:
1545:
1436:is given by
1433:
1401:permeability
1371:permittivity
1368:
1364:
1338:
1331:
1321:
1286:
1263:
1242:permeability
1238:
1223:
966:Four-current
901:Linear motor
786:Electrolysis
666:Eddy current
626:Permeability
546:Polarization
541:Permittivity
387:
366:periodically
359:
343:permittivity
324:
320:
297:
291:. Microwave
274:
270:chiral media
247:
206:, classical
197:
172:super-lenses
126:
107:
77:arranged in
69:
61:
51:metamaterial
50:
48:
10421:Moore's law
10352:Neuroethics
10347:Cyberethics
10117:Utility fog
10102:Claytronics
10092:3D printing
9201:. p. 1
9058:: 147â159.
8588:1885/213159
8122:(8): 1890.
7139:10220/40854
6854:(2): 1â15.
6758:11441/59428
5496:(11): 399.
5354:11693/49278
4577:dielectrics
4573:macroscopic
4564:Metasurface
4482:Drude model
4212:dielectrics
4090:Hall effect
3786:Ferrofluids
3687:Boyle's law
3459:Hooke's law
3437:Deformation
3265:Other types
2280:anisotropic
2255:dielectrics
2178:hyperboloid
2141:Kerr effect
2053:wave vector
2049:plane waves
1923:Snell's law
1270:millimeters
936:Transformer
766:Capacitance
691:Faraday law
486:Coulomb law
428:Electricity
327:John Pendry
285:dielectrics
228:nanoscience
166:, and even
148:solar power
99:orientation
83:wavelengths
10488:Categories
10312:Automation
10197:Metal foam
10005:2009-12-13
9962:2009-12-13
9933:2009-12-08
9907:2009-12-08
9736:2023-02-22
9381:1606.03750
9308:(1): 235.
9226:2014-04-15
9205:2009-10-20
9179:2009-09-09
8832:purdue.edu
8813:2008-08-05
8729:2009-05-05
8388:: 295â28.
8276:2009-11-07
8031:2009-10-01
7998:2009-10-01
7933:(1): 193.
7797:1507.04128
7697:1503.06118
7626:2024-04-12
7202:1503.00490
6677:2009-11-23
6652:2009-12-14
6631:Pendry, JB
6430:2010-01-03
6153:2009-09-27
6102:2009-11-11
6010:1507.08901
5964:9819704863
5910:2309.04711
5799:2009-05-17
5772:(11): 11.
5537:(1): 220.
5300:2009-09-14
5241:Proc. SPIE
5149:: 107202.
5088:(6): 941.
5004:2009-08-26
4869:2009-08-19
4661:(4): 489.
4633:References
4593:material f
4455:LC circuit
4381:ultrasound
4145:millimeter
4074:cornstarch
3993:Structural
3967:sound wave
3934:ultrasonic
3930:infrasonic
3839:Gay-Lussac
3802:Scientists
3702:Fick's law
3682:Atmosphere
3501:frictional
3454:Plasticity
3442:Elasticity
3238:and Zhang
2311:magnetic (
2303:electric (
2295:magnetic (
2287:electric (
2170:anisotropy
2163:Hyperbolic
1278:capacitive
1003:Scientists
851:Waveguides
831:Resistance
801:Inductance
581:AmpĂšre law
374:microstrip
355:Swiss roll
180:resolution
53:(from the
10342:Bioethics
10160:Fullerene
9786:1094-4087
9723:1094-4087
9656:2375-2548
9593:1748-3395
9526:1476-4687
9479:189958968
9463:1094-4087
9414:126025926
9406:1863-8880
9330:2047-7538
8947:212649480
8597:2195-1071
8546:123927835
8538:0022-3727
8175:Materials
8116:Materials
7955:2041-1723
7908:2047-4849
7822:119261088
7621:New Atlas
7574:Opt. Lett
7534:1107.2354
7506:119182809
7481:1002.3321
7325:118914130
6990:118558819
6965:0812.0696
6937:119436346
6793:0809.2207
6536:149698994
6482:205243865
6279:119259753
6254:0806.0823
6003:: 10102.
5972:cite book
5878:108405740
5738:: 58â82.
5468:119544019
5460:0021-4922
5413:0003-6951
5237:D. Abbott
5197:0812.0912
5023:ignored (
5013:cite book
4991:218544892
4904:CiteSeerX
4613:(journal)
4605:Magnonics
4448:capacitor
4313:superlens
4307:Superlens
4301:Superlens
4239:isotropic
4196:Plasmonic
4133:terahertz
4121:Terahertz
4078:Newtonian
4065:elastomer
4041:nonlinear
4029:Nonlinear
3979:stiffness
3936:waves in
3879:Truesdell
3809:Bernoulli
3758:Rheometer
3753:Rheometry
3593:Newtonian
3587:Viscosity
3337:φ
3325:−
3246:FSS based
3242:in 2009.
3216:μ
3189:ε
3160:μ
3150:ε
3127:κ
3104:κ
3101:±
3090:μ
3080:ε
3074:±
3019:μ
2992:ε
2971:κ
2928:3D-chiral
2892:≠
2862:κ
2856:
2818:≠
2800:κ
2794:
2756:≠
2744:≠
2738:κ
2732:
2709:κ
2686:κ
2680:
2639:κ
2633:
2612:κ
2592:κ
2566:κ
2559:−
2547:ζ
2543:−
2537:ξ
2517:ζ
2497:ξ
2477:μ
2457:ε
2429:μ
2418:ζ
2383:ξ
2372:ε
2228:bandwidth
2138:nonlinear
2055:follow a
2014:ε
2011:μ
2006:ω
1895:μ
1868:ε
1841:μ
1814:ε
1779:plasmonic
1775:imaginary
1755:μ
1728:ε
1693:μ
1666:ε
1627:μ
1617:ε
1584:μ
1557:ε
1526:μ
1499:ε
1468:μ
1456:ε
1450:±
1411:μ
1381:ε
1292:nanometer
1274:inductive
1159:Steinmetz
1089:Kirchhoff
1074:Jefimenko
1069:Hopkinson
1054:Helmholtz
1049:Heaviside
911:Permeance
796:Impedance
536:Insulator
531:Gauss law
481:Conductor
458:Phenomena
453:Textbooks
433:Magnetism
360:In 2000,
325:In 2000,
140:aerospace
138:, remote
10267:Domotics
10259:Robotics
10244:Silicene
10165:Graphene
9971:cite web
9882:21023639
9811:(2007).
9794:27410840
9731:34809306
9674:28776027
9609:28416817
9542:52117964
9534:30158604
9471:31252868
9348:34811345
9280:24484141
9158:10156200
9150:21885733
9033:20724998
8990:58670543
8933:(3): 1.
8910:Archived
8885:16090123
8806:BBC News
8779:17053110
8697:15845849
8654:25803316
8646:11041972
8488:24837991
8328:37505778
8320:12443413
8252:25179597
8215:32784869
8156:32316640
8075:29053474
7973:36635264
7769:28106428
7722:55414502
7602:25831369
7559:55294978
7397:21778996
7235:11708854
7227:26274441
7089:22588295
7040:19392202
6929:17155432
6876:13854440
6826:18596552
6818:19109626
6609:18690249
6474:26062510
6325:19257274
6045:26626302
5717:51658054
5697:IRE Proc
5674:14647372
5265:14374107
5222:17568906
4950:(2004).
4926:11292865
4731:10990641
4558:See also
4537:and the
4441:inductor
4267:Absorber
4257:antennas
4245:Antennas
4159:Photonic
4155:light).
3983:resonant
3737:Rheology
3642:Adhesion
3622:Pressure
3608:Buoyancy
3553:Dynamics
3391:Momentum
3287:Acoustic
2934:such as
2669:, where
2584:, where
2272:magnetic
2243:antennas
2095:infrared
1789:, ...).
1717:backward
1325:utilize
1184:Wiechert
1139:Poynting
1029:Einstein
876:DC motor
871:AC motor
706:Lenz law
491:Electret
189:Acoustic
146:, smart
91:geometry
74:material
10135:Aerogel
9862:Bibcode
9825:Bibcode
9764:Bibcode
9701:Bibcode
9665:5517110
9636:Bibcode
9601:1412777
9573:Bibcode
9506:Bibcode
9441:Bibcode
9386:Bibcode
9339:8608813
9310:Bibcode
9250:Bibcode
9128:Bibcode
9120:Science
9089:Bibcode
9013:Bibcode
8970:Bibcode
8893:6004609
8865:Bibcode
8787:8387554
8757:Bibcode
8749:Science
8705:1085807
8677:Bibcode
8669:Science
8624:Bibcode
8518:Bibcode
8468:Bibcode
8433:Bibcode
8351:Bibcode
8300:Bibcode
8269:. DOE /
8206:7476018
8183:Bibcode
8147:7215794
8124:Bibcode
8083:1528860
8055:Bibcode
7964:9837048
7935:Bibcode
7845:Bibcode
7802:Bibcode
7749:Bibcode
7702:Bibcode
7669:9367952
7582:Bibcode
7539:Bibcode
7486:Bibcode
7453:Caltech
7377:Bibcode
7305:Bibcode
7258:Bibcode
7207:Bibcode
7162:Bibcode
7119:Bibcode
7067:Bibcode
7065:: 833.
7020:Bibcode
6970:Bibcode
6909:Bibcode
6856:Bibcode
6798:Bibcode
6738:Bibcode
6617:4314138
6589:Bibcode
6454:Bibcode
6405:Bibcode
6355:Bibcode
6305:Bibcode
6259:Bibcode
6199:6072651
6136:Bibcode
6077:Bibcode
6036:4686770
6015:Bibcode
5915:Bibcode
5825:Bibcode
5774:Bibcode
5682:4411307
5652:Bibcode
5549:Bibcode
5498:Bibcode
5440:Bibcode
5393:Bibcode
5363:5348103
5333:Bibcode
5245:Bibcode
5202:Bibcode
5151:Bibcode
5051:Bibcode
4961:Bibcode
4934:9321456
4896:Bibcode
4888:Science
4709:Bibcode
4663:Bibcode
4587:METATOY
4429:dipoles
4222:. Bulk
4181:Tunable
4069:silicon
4020:Thermal
4011:aerogel
4007:girders
4003:trusses
3971:lattice
3942:liquids
3824:Charles
3632:Liquids
3546:Statics
3491:Bending
3270:Elastic
2270:causes
2205:bandgap
2185:Bandgap
2085:while Ό
1713:forward
1169:Thomson
1144:Ritchie
1134:Poisson
1119:Neumann
1114:Maxwell
1109:Lorentz
1104:Liénard
1034:Faraday
1019:Coulomb
846:Voltage
821:Ohm law
443:History
266:helices
238:History
156:radomes
70:materia
10337:Ethics
10305:Topics
10073:Fields
9880:
9792:
9784:
9729:
9721:
9672:
9662:
9654:
9607:
9599:
9591:
9540:
9532:
9524:
9498:Nature
9477:
9469:
9461:
9412:
9404:
9346:
9336:
9328:
9278:
9156:
9148:
9031:
8988:
8945:
8891:
8883:
8785:
8777:
8703:
8695:
8652:
8644:
8595:
8544:
8536:
8486:
8326:
8318:
8250:
8213:
8203:
8154:
8144:
8081:
8073:
8022:
7971:
7961:
7953:
7906:
7863:
7820:
7767:
7720:
7667:
7600:
7557:
7504:
7416:Gizmag
7395:
7350:
7323:
7233:
7225:
7087:
7038:
6988:
6935:
6927:
6874:
6824:
6816:
6704:
6615:
6607:
6581:Nature
6562:
6534:
6480:
6472:
6446:Nature
6425:234001
6423:
6365:
6323:
6277:
6197:
6043:
6033:
5962:
5876:
5866:
5715:
5680:
5672:
5644:Nature
5466:
5458:
5411:
5361:
5263:
5220:
4989:
4979:
4932:
4924:
4906:
4830:
4784:
4729:
4472:. The
4337:. The
4059:Liquid
3987:pulses
3946:solids
3874:Stokes
3869:Pascal
3859:Navier
3854:Newton
3844:Graham
3819:Cauchy
3722:Plasma
3617:
3615:Mixing
3610:
3595:
3577:
3560:
3548:
3536:Fluids
3469:Strain
3464:Stress
3447:linear
3396:Energy
3240:et al.
3236:et al.
2961:chiral
2953:et al.
2911:Chiral
2449:where
2327:scalar
2197:, and
2124:: the
1787:silver
1154:Singer
1149:Savart
1129:Ărsted
1094:Larmor
1084:Kelvin
1039:Fizeau
1009:AmpĂšre
931:Stator
438:Optics
258:chiral
208:optics
9995:(PDF)
9878:S2CID
9538:S2CID
9475:S2CID
9410:S2CID
9376:arXiv
9154:S2CID
9029:S2CID
8986:S2CID
8943:S2CID
8889:S2CID
8855:arXiv
8783:S2CID
8701:S2CID
8650:S2CID
8542:S2CID
8506:(PDF)
8324:S2CID
8248:S2CID
8079:S2CID
7818:S2CID
7792:arXiv
7718:S2CID
7692:arXiv
7665:S2CID
7645:(PDF)
7555:S2CID
7529:arXiv
7502:S2CID
7476:arXiv
7434:(PDF)
7321:S2CID
7295:arXiv
7231:S2CID
7197:arXiv
7107:(PDF)
7008:(PDF)
6986:S2CID
6960:arXiv
6933:S2CID
6899:arXiv
6872:S2CID
6844:(PDF)
6822:S2CID
6788:arXiv
6765:(PDF)
6726:(PDF)
6613:S2CID
6532:S2CID
6512:(PDF)
6478:S2CID
6421:S2CID
6391:(PDF)
6275:S2CID
6249:arXiv
6237:(PDF)
6195:S2CID
6177:arXiv
6124:(PDF)
6096:(PDF)
6063:(PDF)
6005:arXiv
5905:arXiv
5874:S2CID
5793:(PDF)
5762:(PDF)
5713:S2CID
5678:S2CID
5616:(PDF)
5539:arXiv
5464:S2CID
5359:S2CID
5294:(PDF)
5283:(PDF)
5261:S2CID
5218:S2CID
5192:arXiv
4998:(PDF)
4987:S2CID
4957:(PDF)
4930:S2CID
4682:(PDF)
4651:(PDF)
4425:atoms
3938:gases
3926:sonic
3922:sound
3849:Hooke
3829:Euler
3814:Boyle
3672:Gases
3139:>
2917:left-
2509:and
2342:phase
1179:Weber
1174:Volta
1164:Tesla
1079:Joule
1064:Hertz
1059:Henry
1044:Gauss
926:Rotor
279:from
114:sound
87:shape
68:word
66:Latin
57:word
55:Greek
10472:List
9977:link
9790:PMID
9782:ISSN
9727:PMID
9719:ISSN
9670:PMID
9652:ISSN
9605:PMID
9597:OSTI
9589:ISSN
9530:PMID
9522:ISSN
9467:PMID
9459:ISSN
9402:ISSN
9344:PMID
9326:ISSN
9276:PMID
9146:PMID
8881:PMID
8775:PMID
8693:PMID
8642:PMID
8593:ISSN
8534:ISSN
8484:PMID
8410:link
8316:PMID
8211:PMID
8152:PMID
8097:link
8071:PMID
8020:ISBN
7969:PMID
7951:ISSN
7904:ISSN
7861:ISBN
7765:PMID
7598:PMID
7393:PMID
7348:ISBN
7223:PMID
7085:PMID
7036:PMID
6925:PMID
6814:PMID
6702:ISBN
6605:PMID
6560:ISBN
6470:PMID
6363:ISBN
6321:PMID
6041:PMID
5978:link
5960:ASIN
5941:link
5864:ISBN
5670:PMID
5456:ISSN
5409:ISSN
5025:help
4977:ISBN
4922:PMID
4828:ISBN
4782:ISBN
4727:PMID
4597:r ra
4591:Meta
4528:MURI
4391:and
4285:and
4005:and
3975:mass
3944:and
3864:Noll
3834:Fick
3386:Mass
3371:Laws
3207:and
3010:and
2938:and
2919:and
2469:and
2336:and
2309:and
2293:and
2097:and
2047:For
2040:and
1962:same
1886:and
1832:and
1783:gold
1746:and
1684:and
1651:real
1593:<
1575:and
1517:and
1429:and
1359:and
1306:and
1276:and
1264:For
1099:Lenz
1024:Davy
1014:Biot
230:and
191:and
95:size
62:meta
59:ΌΔÏÎŹ
9870:doi
9833:doi
9772:doi
9709:doi
9660:PMC
9644:doi
9581:doi
9514:doi
9502:560
9449:doi
9394:doi
9334:PMC
9318:doi
9266:hdl
9258:doi
9246:112
9136:doi
9124:334
9097:doi
9085:104
9060:doi
9056:107
9021:doi
8978:doi
8935:doi
8873:doi
8765:doi
8753:314
8685:doi
8673:308
8632:doi
8583:hdl
8573:doi
8526:doi
8476:doi
8441:doi
8390:doi
8359:doi
8308:doi
8240:doi
8236:103
8201:PMC
8191:doi
8142:PMC
8132:doi
8063:doi
7959:PMC
7943:doi
7894:doi
7853:doi
7810:doi
7788:107
7757:doi
7745:118
7710:doi
7657:doi
7653:193
7590:doi
7547:doi
7494:doi
7385:doi
7313:doi
7266:doi
7215:doi
7193:115
7170:doi
7135:hdl
7127:doi
7115:108
7075:doi
7028:doi
7016:102
6978:doi
6917:doi
6864:doi
6852:999
6806:doi
6754:hdl
6746:doi
6597:doi
6585:455
6524:doi
6462:doi
6450:522
6413:doi
6313:doi
6301:102
6267:doi
6187:doi
6144:doi
6085:doi
6031:PMC
6023:doi
5923:doi
5856:doi
5833:doi
5782:doi
5740:doi
5705:doi
5660:doi
5648:426
5557:doi
5506:doi
5448:doi
5401:doi
5349:hdl
5341:doi
5329:244
5253:doi
5210:doi
5159:doi
5147:142
5120:doi
5090:doi
5059:doi
4969:doi
4914:doi
4892:292
4717:doi
4671:doi
4444:L,
4149:EHF
4137:THz
3989:).
3932:or
2907:).
2155:, Ό
1977:is
1946:sin
1932:sin
1649:is
1124:Ohm
112:or
10490::
9997:.
9973:}}
9969:{{
9954:.
9876:.
9868:.
9858:60
9856:.
9831:.
9821:42
9819:.
9815:.
9788:.
9780:.
9770:.
9760:24
9758:.
9754:.
9725:.
9717:.
9707:.
9697:29
9695:.
9691:.
9668:.
9658:.
9650:.
9642:.
9630:.
9626:.
9603:.
9595:.
9587:.
9579:.
9569:12
9567:.
9563:.
9536:.
9528:.
9520:.
9512:.
9500:.
9496:.
9473:.
9465:.
9457:.
9447:.
9437:27
9435:.
9431:.
9408:.
9400:.
9392:.
9384:.
9372:10
9370:.
9366:.
9342:.
9332:.
9324:.
9316:.
9306:10
9304:.
9300:.
9288:^
9274:.
9264:.
9256:.
9244:.
9197:.
9152:.
9144:.
9134:.
9122:.
9118:.
9095:.
9083:.
9054:.
9050:.
9027:.
9019:.
9009:65
9007:.
8984:.
8976:.
8966:67
8964:.
8941:.
8931:67
8929:.
8887:.
8879:.
8871:.
8863:.
8851:72
8849:.
8830:.
8803:.
8781:.
8773:.
8763:.
8751:.
8747:.
8699:.
8691:.
8683:.
8671:.
8648:.
8640:.
8630:.
8620:85
8618:.
8614:.
8591:.
8581:.
8567:.
8563:.
8540:.
8532:.
8524:.
8514:49
8512:.
8508:.
8482:.
8474:.
8464:14
8462:.
8439:.
8429:22
8427:.
8406:}}
8402:{{
8386:51
8384:.
8380:.
8357:.
8347:51
8345:.
8322:.
8314:.
8306:.
8296:89
8294:.
8246:.
8234:.
8209:.
8199:.
8189:.
8179:13
8177:.
8173:.
8150:.
8140:.
8130:.
8120:13
8118:.
8114:.
8093:}}
8089:{{
8077:.
8069:.
8061:.
8051:29
8049:.
7990:.
7967:.
7957:.
7949:.
7941:.
7931:14
7929:.
7925:.
7902:.
7888:.
7884:.
7859:.
7851:.
7816:.
7808:.
7800:.
7786:.
7763:.
7755:.
7743:.
7739:.
7716:.
7708:.
7700:.
7686:.
7663:.
7651:.
7647:.
7619:.
7596:.
7588:.
7578:40
7576:.
7553:.
7545:.
7537:.
7525:84
7523:.
7500:.
7492:.
7484:.
7472:81
7470:.
7451:.
7414:.
7391:.
7383:.
7373:10
7371:.
7342:.
7319:.
7311:.
7303:.
7289:.
7264:.
7254:11
7252:.
7229:.
7221:.
7213:.
7205:.
7191:.
7168:.
7158:11
7156:.
7133:.
7125:.
7113:.
7109:.
7083:.
7073:.
7061:.
7057:.
7034:.
7026:.
7014:.
7010:.
6984:.
6976:.
6968:.
6956:94
6954:.
6931:.
6923:.
6915:.
6907:.
6895:97
6893:.
6870:.
6862:.
6850:.
6846:.
6820:.
6812:.
6804:.
6796:.
6784:34
6782:.
6752:.
6744:.
6734:65
6732:.
6728:.
6686:^
6670:.
6637:.
6611:.
6603:.
6595:.
6583:.
6530:.
6520:36
6518:.
6514:.
6476:.
6468:.
6460:.
6448:.
6419:.
6411:.
6401:52
6399:.
6393:.
6361:.
6333:^
6319:.
6311:.
6299:.
6287:^
6273:.
6265:.
6257:.
6245:79
6243:.
6239:.
6224:^
6215:,
6193:.
6185:.
6173:41
6171:.
6142:.
6132:57
6130:.
6126:.
6083:.
6073:47
6071:.
6065:.
6039:.
6029:.
6021:.
6013:.
5999:.
5995:.
5974:}}
5970:{{
5937:}}
5933:{{
5921:.
5913:.
5901:96
5899:.
5886:^
5872:.
5862:.
5831:.
5821:50
5819:.
5780:.
5770:90
5768:.
5764:.
5736:27
5734:.
5711:.
5701:34
5699:.
5676:.
5668:.
5658:.
5646:.
5642:.
5585:^
5555:.
5547:.
5533:.
5529:.
5504:.
5492:.
5488:.
5476:^
5462:.
5454:.
5446:.
5436:41
5434:.
5430:.
5407:.
5399:.
5389:66
5387:.
5383:.
5371:^
5357:.
5347:.
5339:.
5327:.
5309:^
5285:.
5259:.
5251:.
5216:.
5208:.
5200:.
5188:94
5171:^
5157:.
5145:.
5141:.
5116:32
5114:.
5084:.
5080:.
5057:.
5047:10
5045:.
5033:^
5017::
5015:}}
5011:{{
4985:.
4975:.
4967:.
4928:.
4920:.
4912:.
4902:.
4890:.
4878:^
4857:.
4842:^
4796:^
4776:.
4739:^
4725:.
4715:.
4705:84
4703:.
4699:.
4669:.
4659:78
4657:.
4653:.
4541:.
4387:,
4311:A
4139:.
3958:,
3940:,
3928:,
3283:.
3261:.
2853:tr
2791:tr
2729:tr
2677:tr
2630:tr
2329:.
2245:.
2193:,
2147:.
2106:r
2101:.
2044:.
2036:,
1939:=
1785:,
1399:,
1302:,
1284:.
368:,
357:.
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
202:,
187:.
158:,
154:,
134:,
124:.
97:,
93:,
89:,
49:A
43:in
10058:e
10051:t
10044:v
10008:.
9979:)
9965:.
9936:.
9910:.
9884:.
9872::
9864::
9841:.
9835::
9827::
9796:.
9774::
9766::
9739:.
9711::
9703::
9676:.
9646::
9638::
9632:3
9611:.
9583::
9575::
9544:.
9516::
9508::
9481:.
9451::
9443::
9416:.
9396::
9388::
9378::
9350:.
9320::
9312::
9282:.
9268::
9260::
9252::
9229:.
9208:.
9182:.
9160:.
9138::
9130::
9103:.
9099::
9091::
9068:.
9062::
9035:.
9023::
9015::
8992:.
8980::
8972::
8949:.
8937::
8895:.
8875::
8867::
8857::
8834:.
8816:.
8789:.
8767::
8759::
8732:.
8707:.
8687::
8679::
8656:.
8634::
8626::
8599:.
8585::
8575::
8569:7
8548:.
8528::
8520::
8490:.
8478::
8470::
8447:.
8443::
8435::
8412:)
8398:.
8392::
8365:.
8361::
8353::
8330:.
8310::
8302::
8279:.
8254:.
8242::
8217:.
8193::
8185::
8158:.
8134::
8126::
8099:)
8085:.
8065::
8057::
8034:.
8001:.
7975:.
7945::
7937::
7910:.
7896::
7890:8
7869:.
7855::
7847::
7824:.
7812::
7804::
7794::
7771:.
7759::
7751::
7724:.
7712::
7704::
7694::
7688:5
7671:.
7659::
7629:.
7604:.
7592::
7584::
7561:.
7549::
7541::
7531::
7508:.
7496::
7488::
7478::
7455:.
7418:.
7399:.
7387::
7379::
7356:.
7327:.
7315::
7307::
7297::
7291:3
7272:.
7268::
7260::
7237:.
7217::
7209::
7199::
7176:.
7172::
7164::
7141:.
7137::
7129::
7121::
7091:.
7077::
7069::
7063:3
7042:.
7030::
7022::
6992:.
6980::
6972::
6962::
6939:.
6919::
6911::
6901::
6878:.
6866::
6858::
6828:.
6808::
6800::
6790::
6756::
6748::
6740::
6710:.
6680:.
6655:.
6619:.
6599::
6591::
6568:.
6538:.
6526::
6484:.
6464::
6456::
6433:.
6415::
6407::
6371:.
6357::
6327:.
6315::
6307::
6281:.
6269::
6261::
6251::
6201:.
6189::
6179::
6156:.
6146::
6138::
6105:.
6087::
6079::
6047:.
6025::
6017::
6007::
6001:6
5980:)
5966:.
5943:)
5929:.
5925::
5917::
5907::
5880:.
5858::
5839:.
5835::
5827::
5802:.
5784::
5776::
5746:.
5742::
5719:.
5707::
5684:.
5662::
5654::
5565:.
5559::
5551::
5541::
5535:7
5514:.
5508::
5500::
5494:9
5470:.
5450::
5442::
5415:.
5403::
5395::
5365:.
5351::
5343::
5335::
5303:.
5267:.
5255::
5247::
5224:.
5212::
5204::
5194::
5165:.
5161::
5153::
5126:.
5122::
5098:.
5092::
5086:8
5065:.
5061::
5053::
5027:)
5007:.
4971::
4963::
4936:.
4916::
4898::
4872:.
4836:.
4790:.
4733:.
4719::
4711::
4673::
4665::
4599:y
4595:o
4589:(
4571:â
4451:C
4433:n
4411:(
4293:(
3963:Ï
3956:ÎČ
3909:e
3902:t
3895:v
3619:·
3612:·
3602:)
3597:·
3591:(
3579:·
3562:·
3550:·
3345:x
3342:d
3334:d
3328:D
3322:=
3319:J
3220:r
3193:r
3164:r
3154:r
3094:r
3084:r
3071:=
3068:n
3045:n
3023:r
2996:r
2895:0
2889:J
2886:,
2883:0
2880:=
2877:N
2874:,
2871:0
2868:=
2865:)
2859:(
2833:0
2830:=
2827:J
2824:,
2821:0
2815:N
2812:,
2809:0
2806:=
2803:)
2797:(
2771:0
2768:=
2765:J
2762:,
2759:0
2753:N
2750:,
2747:0
2741:)
2735:(
2689:)
2683:(
2657:J
2654:+
2651:N
2648:+
2645:I
2642:)
2636:(
2624:3
2621:1
2615:=
2570:T
2562:i
2556:=
2551:T
2540:=
2437:,
2433:H
2426:+
2422:E
2415:=
2411:B
2391:,
2387:H
2380:+
2376:E
2369:=
2365:D
2350:Îș
2346:Ï
2338:Ï
2334:Îș
2319:Îș
2315:)
2313:B
2307:)
2305:D
2299:)
2297:H
2291:)
2289:E
2157:r
2153:r
2151:Δ
2110:r
2087:r
2083:r
2076:r
2072:r
2042:k
2038:H
2034:E
2028:.
2003:=
2000:c
1997:k
1987:Δ
1983:Ό
1958:2
1955:n
1951:2
1948:Ξ
1944:2
1941:n
1937:1
1934:Ξ
1930:1
1927:n
1925:(
1916:n
1899:r
1872:r
1845:r
1818:r
1759:r
1732:r
1715:(
1697:r
1670:r
1655:n
1647:n
1631:r
1621:r
1596:0
1588:r
1561:r
1546:n
1530:r
1503:r
1473:r
1461:r
1447:=
1444:n
1434:n
1415:r
1385:r
1213:e
1206:t
1199:v
345:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
