Methadone - Knowledge

1590:. Despite methadone's much longer duration of action compared to either heroin and other shorter-acting agonists and the need for repeat doses of the antagonist naloxone, it is still used for overdose therapy. As naltrexone has a longer half-life, it is more difficult to titrate. If too large a dose of the opioid antagonist is given to a dependent person, it will result in withdrawal symptoms (possibly severe). When using naloxone, the naloxone will be quickly eliminated and the withdrawal will be short-lived. Doses of naltrexone take longer to be eliminated from the person's system. A common problem in treating methadone overdoses is that, given the short action of naloxone (versus the extremely longer-acting methadone), a dosage of naloxone given to a methadone-overdosed person will initially work to bring the person out of overdose, but once the naloxone wears off, if no further naloxone is administered, the person can go right back into overdose (based upon time and dosage of the methadone ingested). 2492:. Medicare covers methadone under the prescription drug benefit, Medicare Part D, when it is prescribed for pain, but not when it is used for opioid dependence treatment because it cannot be dispensed in a retail pharmacy for this purpose. In California methadone maintenance treatment is covered under the medical benefit. Patients' eligibility for methadone maintenance treatment is most often contingent on them being enrolled in substance abuse counseling. People on methadone maintenance in the US either have to pay cash or if covered by insurance must complete a pre-determined number of hours per month in therapeutic groups or counseling. The United States Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) Alcohol and Drug Dependence Rehabilitation Program offers methadone services to eligible veterans enrolled in the VA health care system. 2258:. The liquid form is the most common as it allows for smaller dose changes. Methadone is almost as effective when administered orally as by injection. Oral medication is usually preferable because it offers safety, simplicity and represents a step away from injection-based drug abuse in those recovering from addiction. U.S. federal regulations require the oral form in addiction treatment programs. Injecting methadone pills can cause collapsed veins, bruising, swelling, and possibly other harmful effects. Methadone pills often contain talc that, when injected, produces a swarm of tiny solid particles in the blood, causing numerous minor blood clots. These particles cannot be filtered out before injection, and will accumulate in the body over time, especially in the lungs and eyes, producing various complications such as 2385:(meperidine) went into production in Germany; however, production of methadone, then being developed under the designation Hoechst 10820, was not carried forward because of side effects discovered in the early research. After the war, all German patents, trade names and research records were requisitioned and expropriated by the Allies. The records on the research work of the I.G. Farbenkonzern at the Farbwerke Hoechst were confiscated by the U.S. Department of Commerce Intelligence, investigated by a Technical Industrial Committee of the U.S. Department of State and then brought to the US. The report published by the committee noted that while methadone itself was potentially addictive, it produced "considerably" less 1613:

compared with a control group of other people randomly selected having no involvement in fatal crashes. However, there have been multiple studies verifying the ability of methadone maintenance patients to drive. In the UK, persons who are prescribed oral methadone can continue to drive after they have satisfactorily completed an independent medical examination which will include a urine screen for drugs. The license will be issued for 12 months at a time and even then, only following a favourable assessment from their own doctor. Individuals who are prescribed methadone for either IV or IM administration cannot drive in the UK, mainly due to the increased sedation effects that this route of use can cause.

45: 1077: 2537:(OUD). According to federal laws, methadone cannot be prescribed by a doctor and obtained from a pharmacy in order to treat addiction. Because of its long half-life, methadone is almost invariably prescribed to be taken in a single daily dose. At nearly all methadone clinics in the US, patients must visit a clinic to receive and take their dose under the supervision of a nurse. Both patients who are new to methadone treatment and high-risk patients—such as those who are using drugs and alcohol, including cannabis in some states—must visit the clinic daily. 716: 693: 2498:(MMT) cost analyses often compare the cost of clinic visits versus the overall societal costs of illicit opioid use. A preliminary cost analysis conducted in 2016 by the US Department of Defense determined that methadone treatment, which includes psychosocial and support services, may cost an average of $ 126.00 per week or $ 6,552.00 per year. The average cost for one full year of methadone maintenance treatment is approximately $ 4,700 per patient, whereas one full year of imprisonment costs approximately $ 24,000 per person. 2291:(EDDP), are often measured in urine as part of a drug abuse testing program, in plasma or serum to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized victims, or in whole blood to assist in a forensic investigation of a traffic or other criminal violation or a case of sudden death. Methadone usage history is considered in interpreting the results as a chronic user can develop tolerance to doses that would incapacitate an opioid-naïve individual. Chronic users often have high methadone and EDDP baseline values. 1069: 1013:

adjusted based on the amount of opioids reportedly used, most clinical guidelines suggest doses start low (e.g., at doses not exceeding 40 mg daily) and are incremented gradually. It has been found that doses of 40 mg per day were sufficient to help control the withdrawal symptoms but not enough to curb the cravings for the drug. Doses of 80 to 100 mg per day have shown higher rates of success in patients and less illicit

2185: 31: 1989:, which was associated with 66.5 cases of TdP per 100,000 amiodarone users. The high incidence of TdP in amiodarone-treated patients may indicate correlation and not causation, because amiodarone is often prescribed to patients with preexisting heart conditions that independently increase the risk of TdP. Methadone likely causes cardiac arrhythmias (such as TdP) via two mechanisms. Like many other 1638:, which released a report titled "Methadone-Associated Mortality, Report of a National Assessment". The consensus report concludes that "although the data remains incomplete, National Assessment meeting participants concurred that methadone tablets or Diskets distributed through channels other than opioid treatment programs most likely are the central factors in methadone-associated mortality." 17106: 6194: 2209: 2197: 2389:, sedation, and respiratory depression than morphine at equianalgesic doses and was thus interesting as a commercial drug. The same report also compared methadone to pethidine. German researchers reported that methadone was capable of producing strong morphine-like physical dependence, which is characterized by 1960:

The metabolic half-life of methadone differs from its duration of action. The metabolic half-life is 8 to 59 hours (approximately 24 hours for opioid-tolerant people, and 55 hours in opioid-naive people), as opposed to a half-life of 1 to 5 hours for morphine. The length of the half-life of methadone

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N ••• >C=O) that limits the molecule's conformation freedom, though the distance (291 pm by X-ray) is far too long to represent a true chemical bond. However, it does represent the initial trajectory of attack of an amine on a carbonyl group and was an important piece of experimental evidence for

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Methadone is also available in ampoules with strength of 50mg/ml & 10mg/ml for IV/IM/SC use in the UK. Prescribing the injectable formulation was more common in the 90s with prescribers reporting that up to 9-10% of all methadone prescription were for ampoules. This practice is much less common

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and maintenance programs. People who metabolize methadone rapidly, on the other hand, may require twice daily dosing to obtain sufficient symptom alleviation while avoiding excessive peaks and troughs in their blood concentrations and associated effects. This can also allow lower total doses in some

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were first developed in Germany, United Kingdom, Belgium, Austria, Canada, and the United States in the thirty or so years after the 1937 discovery of pethidine, the first synthetic opioid used in medicine. These synthetic opioids have increased length and depth of satiating any opiate cravings and

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Treatment of opioid-dependent persons with methadone follows one of two routes: maintenance or withdrawal management. Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) usually takes place in outpatient settings. It is usually prescribed as a single daily dose medication for those who wish to abstain from illicit

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which are lesser in severity and intensity compared to morphine, but methadone was associated with a considerably prolonged or protracted withdrawal syndrome when compared to morphine. Morphine produced higher rates of self-administration and reinforcing behaviour in both human and animal subjects

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1.5 channel with similar affinities. Bupivacaine is especially cardiotoxic among local anesthetics, and it is believed to act via this same sodium channel. Plasma concentrations of methadone in recovering addicts can reach 4 μM during therapy, so the actions of methadone at both the hERG potassium

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symptoms. Withdrawal management using methadone can be accomplished in less than a month, or it may be done gradually over a longer period of time, or simply maintained for the rest of the patient's life. While a single dose has a rapid effect, maximum effect can take up to five days of use. After

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ordered the manufacture of methadone or that the brand name 'Dolophine' was named after him, probably based on the similarity of "doloph" with "Adolph". (The pejorative term "adolphine" would appear in the early 1970s.) However, the name "Dolophine" was a contraction of "Dolo" from the Latin word

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Information leaflets included in packs of UK methadone tablets state that the tablets are for oral use only and that use by any other route can cause serious harm. In addition to this warning, additives have now been included in the tablet formulation to make the use of them by the IV route more

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Methadone treatment may impair driving ability. Drug abusers had significantly more involvement in serious crashes than non-abusers in a study by the University of Queensland. In the study of a group of 220 drug abusers, most of them poly-drug abusers, 17 were involved in crashes killing people,

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receptor. Tolerance to the different physiological effects of methadone varies; tolerance to analgesic properties may or may not develop quickly, but tolerance to euphoria usually develops rapidly, whereas tolerance to constipation, sedation, and respiratory depression develops slowly (if ever).

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of 15 to 60 hours with a mean of around 22. However, metabolism rates vary greatly between individuals, up to a factor of 100, ranging from as few as 4 hours to as many as 130 hours, or even 190 hours. This variability is apparently due to genetic variability in the production of the associated

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The duration of methadone treatment programs ranges from a few months to years. Given opioid dependence is characteristically a chronic relapsing/remitting disorder, MMT may be lifelong. The length of time a person remains in treatment depends on a number of factors. While starting doses may be

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It was only in 1947 that the drug was given the generic name "methadone" by the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association. Since the patent rights of the I.G. Farbenkonzern and Farbwerke Hoechst were no longer protected, each pharmaceutical company interested in the

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are being studied for their role in decreasing the development of tolerance to opioids and as possible for eliminating addiction/tolerance/withdrawal, possibly by disrupting memory circuitry. Acting as an NMDA antagonist may be one mechanism by which methadone decreases craving for opioids and

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in preventing decay. Other putative mechanisms of methadone-related tooth decay include craving for carbohydrates related to opioids, poor dental care, and general decrease in personal hygiene. These factors, combined with sedation, have been linked to the causation of extensive dental damage.

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has been shown to reduce the transmission of bloodborne viruses associated with opioid injection, such as hepatitis B and C, and/or HIV. The principal goals of methadone maintenance are to relieve opioid cravings, suppress the abstinence syndrome, and block the euphoric effects associated with

2553:, claimed that Russian health officials are not convinced of the methadone's efficacy in treating heroin and/or opioid addicts. Instead of replacement therapy and gradual reduction of illicit drug abuse, Russian doctors encourage immediate cessation and withdrawal. Addicts are generally given 2523:

9226 also under Schedule II, with a quota of 38,875 kilos. In most countries of the world, methadone is similarly restricted. The salts of methadone in use are the hydrobromide (free base conversion ratio 0.793), hydrochloride (0.894), and HCl monohydrate (0.850). Methadone is also regulated

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in Lexington, Kentucky in the 1950s, and by Rockefeller University physicians Robert Dole and Marie Nyswander in the 1960s in New York City. By 1976, methadone clinics had opened in cities including Chicago, New York, and New Haven, with some 38,000 patients treated in New York City alone.

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shortage problem. On 11 September 1941 Bockmühl and Ehrhart filed an application for a patent for a synthetic substance they called Hoechst 10820 or Polamidon (a name still in regular use in Germany) and whose structure had little relation to morphine or other "true opiates" such as

1626:(West Virginia), medical examiners listed methadone as contributing to 3,849 deaths in 2004. That number was up from 790 in 1999. Approximately 82 percent of those deaths were listed as accidental, and most deaths involved combinations of methadone with other drugs (especially 1641:

In 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a caution about methadone, titled "Methadone Use for Pain Control May Result in Death." The FDA also revised the drug's package insert. The change deleted previous information about the usual adult dosage. The

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generate very strong analgesic effects due to their long metabolic half-life and strong receptor affinity at the mu-opioid receptor sites. Therefore, they impart much of the satiating and anti-addictive effects of methadone by means of suppressing drug cravings.

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Chou R, Turner JA, Devine EB, Hansen RN, Sullivan SD, Blazina I, et al. (February 2015). "The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop".

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of TdP, especially in younger patients. The incidence of TdP was 41.9 cases per 100,000 users of methadone in the 18-64 year old age group. In this study of TdP, methadone was the highest-risk drug in the 18-64 year-old group, with the sole exception of the

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when compared to both methadone and pethidine. In comparison to equianalgesic doses of pethidine (Demerol), methadone was shown to produce less euphoria, but higher rates of constipation, and roughly equal levels of respiratory depression and sedation.

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opioid use. Treatment models for MMT differ. It is not uncommon for treatment recipients to be administered methadone in a specialized clinic, where they are observed for around 15–20 minutes post-dosing, to reduce the risk of diversion of medication.

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As with other opioid medications, tolerance and dependence usually develop with repeated doses. There is some clinical evidence that tolerance to analgesia is less with methadone compared to other opioids; this may be due to its activity at the

989:. It may be used as maintenance therapy or in shorter periods to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms. Its use for the treatment of addiction is usually strictly regulated. In the US, outpatient treatment programs must be certified by the federal 1036:. However, when used correctly in treatment, maintenance therapy has been found to be medically safe, non-sedating, and can provide a slow recovery from opioid addiction. Methadone has been widely used for pregnant women addicted to opioids. 2299:

The protonated form of methadone takes on an extended conformation, while the free base is more compact. In particular, it was found that there is an interaction between the tertiary amine and the carbonyl carbon of the ketone function

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such people. The analgesic activity is shorter than the pharmacological half-life; dosing for pain control usually requires multiple doses per day normally dividing daily dosage for administration at 8 hour intervals.

2155:. Many substances can also induce, inhibit or compete with these enzymes further affecting (sometimes dangerously) methadone half-life. A longer half-life frequently allows for administration only once a day in opioid 1004:

found methadone was effective in retaining people in treatment and in the reduction or cessation of heroin use as measured by self-report and urine/hair analysis, and did not affect criminal activity or risk of death.

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Although deaths from methadone are on the rise, methadone-associated deaths are not being caused primarily by methadone intended for methadone treatment programs, according to a panel of experts convened by the

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In the United States, deaths linked to methadone more than quadrupled in the five-year period between 1999 and 2004. According to the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, as well as a 2006 series in the

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In the United States, prescription of methadone requires intensive monitoring and must be obtained in-person from an Opioid Treatment Program—colloquially known as a 'methadone clinic'—when prescribed for

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Gorman AL, Elliott KJ, Inturrisi CE (February 1997). "The d- and l-isomers of methadone bind to the non-competitive site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in rat forebrain and spinal cord".

8961: 8667: 5744: 5724: 6192:, Dr Max Bockmuehl & Dr Gustav Ehrhart, "Verfahren zur Darstellung von basischen Estern", published 1941-09-25, issued 1941-09-25, assigned to IG Farbenindustrie AG 2088:-aspartate) receptor, acting as noncompetitive antagonists. Methadone has been shown to reduce neuropathic pain in rat models, primarily through NMDA receptor antagonism. NMDA antagonists such as 10755: 1957:, in addition to tolerance, dependence and withdrawal difficulties. The withdrawal period can be much more prolonged than with other opioids, spanning anywhere from two weeks to several months. 2378:(Dicodid), and other closely related opium alkaloid derivatives and analogues. It was brought to market in 1943 and was widely used by the German army during WWII as a substitute for morphine. 15830: 15825: 15820: 15148: 14066: 14061: 14056: 12815: 2243:

optical isomer) has traditionally been used, as it is responsible for most of the desired opioid effects. The single-isomer form is becoming less common due to the higher production costs.

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Cappola TP, Felker GM, Kao WH, Hare JM, Baughman KL, Kasper EK (April 2002). "Pulmonary hypertension and risk of death in cardiomyopathy: patients with myocarditis are at higher risk".

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Bockmühl M, Ehrhart G (1949). "Über eine neue Klasse von spasmolytisch und analgetisch wirkenden Verbindungen, I" [On a new class of spasmolytic and analgesic compounds, I].

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Table from the 2010 ISCD study ranking various drugs (legal and illegal) based on statements by drug-harm experts. Methadone was found to be the 12th overall most dangerous drug.

945:. The number of deaths in the United States involving methadone poisoning declined from 4,418 in 2011 to 3,300 in 2015. Risks are greater with higher doses. Methadone is made by 16674: 6115: 8450: 14541: 16854: 14957: 7657: 4840:

Kell MJ (1994). "Utilization of plasma and urine methadone concentrations to optimize treatment in maintenance clinics: I. Measurement techniques for a clinical setting".

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as Methadose), and Diskets (known on the street as "wafers" or "biscuits") tablets which are dispersible in water for oral administration, used in a similar fashion to

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tolerance, and has been proposed as a possible mechanism for its distinguished efficacy regarding the treatment of neuropathic pain. Methadone also acted as a potent,

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Eap CB, Buclin T, Baumann P (2002). "Interindividual variability of the clinical pharmacokinetics of methadone: implications for the treatment of opioid dependence".

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controlled substance in Canada and Schedule II in the United States, with an ACSCN of 9250 and a 2014 annual aggregate manufacturing quota of 31,875 kilos for sale.

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López-Muñoz F, Alamo C (April 2009). "The consolidation of neuroleptic therapy: Janssen, the discovery of haloperidol and its introduction into clinical practice".

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footballer assistant Robson Oliveira was arrested in 2019 upon arriving in Russia with methadone tablets sold legally in other countries for what was considered

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When used for opioid maintenance therapy, Methadone is generally administered as an oral liquid. Methadone has been implicated in contributing to significant

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Clinical guidelines for withdrawal management and treatment of drug dependence in closed settings. Manila : WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific

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use during the maintenance therapy. However, higher doses do put a patient more at risk for overdose than a moderately low dose (e.g. 20 mg/day).

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A certified opioid treatment program is required under federal law (42 CFR 8.12) when dispensing methadone for the treatment of opioid addiction.

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the clinical relevance of a Na+ channel blocker is probably better estimated from recordings on inactivated channels (IC50 ~10 μM in our study).

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Nutt D, King LA, Saulsbury W, Blakemore C (March 2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse".

3030: 805: 5493:Über eine neue Klasse von spasmolytisch und analgetisch wirkenden (About a new class of compounds with a spasmolytic and analgesic effect) 17006: 16478: 16332: 15995: 15810: 15453: 14862: 13453: 12893: 12888: 10440: 10319: 10299: 10294: 10251: 10078: 10048: 9739: 9637: 9610: 9560: 9527: 9507: 9502: 9445: 9440: 9425: 9415: 9395: 9390: 8981: 8941: 8889: 8627: 8562: 8552: 8547: 6720: 5954: 3222: 2807: 2469:

Brand names include Dolophine, Symoron, Amidone, Methadose, Physeptone, Metadon, Metadol, Metadol-D, Heptanon and Heptadon among others.

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As of 2015, China had the largest methadone maintenance treatment program with over 250,000 people in over 650 clinics in 27 provinces.

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Methadone withdrawal symptoms are reported as being significantly more protracted than withdrawal from opioids with shorter half-lives.

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tablet, and two different formulations designed for the person to drink. Drinkable forms include ready-to-dispense liquid (sold in the

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Addiction experts in psychiatry, chemistry, pharmacology, forensic science, epidemiology, and the police and legal services engaged in

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regarding 20 popular recreational drugs. Street methadone was ranked 4th in dependence, 5th in physical harm, and 5th in social harm.

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Joseph H, Stancliff S, Langrod J (2000). "Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): a review of historical and clinical issues".

2589: 2171:(EDDP). This inactive product, as well as the inactive 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP), produced by a second 9497: 7615: 6013: 5768: 5670: 5046: 4781: 969: 4664:

Bengt Danielsson, Julius Collin, Anastasia Nyman, Annica Bergendal, Natalia Borg, Maria State, et al. (12 March 2020).

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internationally as a Schedule I controlled substance under the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961.

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In the early 1950s, methadone (most times the racemic HCl salts mixture) was also investigated for use as an antitussive.

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Bürgi HB, Dunitz JD, Shefter E (August 1973). "Pharmacological implications of the conformation of the methadone base".

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Fredheim OM, Moksnes K, Borchgrevink PC, Kaasa S, Dale O (August 2008). "Clinical pharmacology of methadone for pain".

5620: 12835: 3419: 3216: 3183: 2677: 2109: 1968:, which indicates that the heart muscle repolarizes more slowly. This QTc prolongation tends to increase the risk of 856: 825: 127: 5793: 2333:

who were looking for a synthetic opioid that could be created with readily available precursors, to solve Germany's

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Preston A, Bennett G (2003). "The History of Methadone and Methadone Prescribing.". In Tober G, Strang E (eds.).

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allows for exhibition of respiratory depressant effects for an extended duration of time in opioid-naive people.

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reported, "The old language about the 'usual adult dose' was potentially deadly, according to pain specialists."

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1.5 sodium channel are possibly clinically relevant in producing cardiac side effects. This also suggests that

6118:[Robson case: Campaign calls for justice for former Fernando employee imprisoned 562 days in Russia]. 541: 17136: 11838: 9067: 8405: 7981: 7748: 4113: 2594: 1976:

or sudden death. In a large observational study in Sweden, methadone was associated with a particularly high

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in the United States in 1947, and has been used in the treatment of addiction since the 1960s. It is on the

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long-term use, in people with normal liver function, effects last 8 to 36 hours. Methadone is usually taken

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Methadone Treatment Marks 40 Years. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 294(8), 887–889.

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In the US, generic methadone tablets are inexpensive, with retail prices ranging from $ 0.25 to $ 2.50 per

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InChI=1S/C21H27NO/c1-5-20(23)21(16-17(2)22(3)4,18-12-8-6-9-13-18)19-14-10-7-11-15-19/h6-15,17H,5,16H2,1-4H3

711: 592: 313: 4666:"Drug use and torsades de pointes cardiac arrhythmias in Sweden: a nationwide register-based cohort study" 3696:

Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). "Drug harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis".

16963: 12948: 12122: 11398: 9694: 6180:, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2694:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)" 2420:

formula could buy the rights for the commercial production of methadone for just one dollar (MOLL 1990).

1934: 672: 5294:"The prescribing of methadone and other opioids to addicts: national survey of GPs in England and Wales" 3569:

Mercadante S, Bruera E (March 2016). "Opioid switching in cancer pain: From the beginning to nowadays".

17191: 17176: 17141: 17096: 16373: 16368: 15760: 15103: 14191: 13272: 12998: 12868: 11117: 10629: 9487: 8120: 6750: 1755: 7649: 4722:"The opioid methadone induces a local anaesthetic-like inhibition of the cardiac Na channel, Na(v)1.5" 3957: 3901: 661: 432: 16393: 15383: 15108: 14426: 8289: 7829: 7722: 5976: 3249: 2693: 2627: 1131: 4470: 4114:"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Methadone. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets" 3710: 2306: 17131: 17126: 16363: 16305: 15765: 15524: 14769: 13858: 9120: 7906: 7465: 7426: 6216: 5950: 2489: 1977: 1910: 688: 2451:

Methadone was studied as a treatment for opioid addiction at the Addiction Research Center of the

1060:; for the same reason, tolerance to the analgesic effects may be less than that of other opioids. 16943: 16358: 14982: 14764: 12988: 12595: 10349: 7620: 7336: 6740: 6396: 4273: 4203:"Mechanisms of QT prolongation by buprenorphine cannot be explained by direct hERG channel block" 2969:

Clinical Guidelines for Withdrawal Management and Treatment of Drug Dependence in Closed Settings

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Schulze V, Stoetzer C, O'Reilly AO, Eberhardt E, Foadi N, Ahrens J, et al. (January 2014).

15770: 14784: 14759: 14658: 13277: 12774: 12770: 12177: 11453: 10883: 10836: 10224: 9699: 9492: 9304: 9295: 8229: 7384: 6340: 3705: 2803: 2516: 2259: 1076: 934: 374: 86: 12793: 6003: 3204: 2667: 17166: 15925: 14221: 13843: 13792: 13753: 11895: 11827: 11301: 10603: 10219: 7143: 6837: 6755: 6745: 6457: 6400: 6116:"Caso Robson: Campanha pede justiça a ex-funcionário de Fernando preso há 562 dias na Rússia" 5686:

Dole VP, Nyswander ME (May 1976). "Methadone maintenance treatment. A ten-year perspective".

3173: 3052: 2495: 2424: 2263: 1930: 1745: 1442: 1424: 1102: 790: 641: 532: 4469:. Institute for Metropolitan Affairs, Roosevelt University. 14 February 2008. Archived from 2654: 17161: 14001: 13981: 13838: 13703: 13683: 13523: 13468: 13383: 13173: 12766: 12638: 12167: 11711: 11443: 10873: 10852: 10464: 9342: 9057: 8798: 8374: 8005: 7354: 7315: 7148: 7138: 7133: 6960: 6765: 6681: 6323: 5870: 5464: 4525: 4214: 3977:"Torsade de Pointes due to Methadone Use in a Patient with HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection" 2550: 2123: 2001:, which is less potent as an opioid, is more potent at blocking the hERG channel with an IC 1202: 1033: 601: 419: 49: 15738: 15081: 13947: 6135:"Who uses methadone services in China? Monitoring the world's largest methadone programme" 5507:

Defalque RJ, Wright AJ (October 2007). "The early history of methadone. Myths and facts".

4876: 4554: 4531: 3435:

Connock M, Juarez-Garcia A, Jowett S, Frew E, Liu Z, Taylor RJ, et al. (March 2007).

3304:"Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence" 2138:, making it longer lasting than morphine-based drugs. Methadone has a typical elimination 2058: 1878: 1735: 1725: 1715: 581: 233: 8: 17066: 16652: 16498: 16458: 15785: 15604: 15584: 14882: 14844: 14799: 13853: 13738: 13723: 13658: 13253: 12452: 12297: 12162: 11890: 11747: 11573: 11438: 11093: 10868: 9704: 9110: 8537: 8435: 8018: 7772: 7687: 7103: 6735: 6564: 6465: 6404: 6291: 6280: 6209: 4596: 3975:

John J, Amley X, Bombino G, Gitelis C, Topi B, Hollander G, et al. (December 2010).

3277: 2534: 2156: 1969: 1942: 986: 886: 487: 10271: 6093: 5242: 5225: 4490:

Guidance for the use of methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence in primary care

4218: 4053:

Graham CH, Meechan JG (October 2005). "Dental management of patients taking methadone".

715: 692: 496: 16598: 15905: 15594: 15328: 15218: 14872: 14552: 14336: 14176: 14136: 13939: 13773: 13713: 13623: 13548: 13443: 13428: 13418: 12827: 12537: 10563: 9647: 9642: 9482: 9326: 8408: 8298: 8192: 8152: 8114: 8106: 8073: 8052: 7541: 7108: 7006: 6677: 6535: 6469: 5560: 5543: 5419: 5407: 5310: 5293: 5165: 5153: 5122: 4970: 4931: 4746: 4721: 4690: 4665: 4573: 4443: 4237: 4003: 3774: 3731: 3673: 3648: 3629: 3505: 3480: 3377: 3352: 3328: 3303: 3155: 3007: 2990: 2863: 2758: 2478: 2062: 1973: 1692: 1475: 1207: 1173: 946: 138: 44: 16383: 15539: 14779: 7973: 5520: 4639: 4497: 4417:"Experience of road and other trauma by the opiate dependent patient: a survey report" 3762: 3719: 3546: 3529: 16388: 15780: 15775: 15549: 14794: 14356: 13991: 13863: 13583: 13463: 13343: 12528: 11266: 10973: 10548: 10229: 9135: 9031: 8849: 8742: 8417: 8268: 8235: 8183: 8128: 8101: 7878: 7868: 7325: 7180: 7168: 7055: 6461: 6156: 6009: 5703: 5699: 5666: 5565: 5524: 5411: 5365: 5315: 5247: 5206: 5157: 5114: 5079: 5019: 4962: 4923: 4919: 4857: 4810: 4777: 4751: 4695: 4643: 4608: 4448: 4397: 4392: 4375: 4374:

Giacomuzzi SM, Ertl M, Vigl A, Riemer Y, Günther V, Kopp M, et al. (July 2005).

4242: 4070: 4035: 4008: 3766: 3723: 3678: 3633: 3621: 3617: 3586: 3582: 3551: 3510: 3458: 3415: 3382: 3333: 3212: 3179: 3159: 3147: 3111: 3012: 2949: 2909: 2868: 2750: 2746: 2673: 2640: 2622: 2408: 2390: 1487: 1397: 1389: 890: 100: 53: 13362: 13358: 13286: 5126: 4376:"Driving capacity of patients treated with methadone and slow-release oral morphine" 2762: 17181: 16788: 16725: 16548: 16264: 16190: 15915: 15644: 15398: 15238: 14952: 14211: 13733: 13543: 13438: 13310: 12873: 12849: 12633: 12488: 11860: 11256: 10953: 10893: 10710: 10624: 9784: 9101: 9047: 8825: 8763: 8440: 8365: 8330: 8250: 7914: 7814: 7680: 7402: 6876: 6146: 5695: 5555: 5516: 5446: 5423: 5403: 5357: 5305: 5237: 5196: 5149: 5106: 5009: 4998:"Methadone and metabolite urine concentrations in patients maintained on methadone" 4935: 4915: 4849: 4741: 4733: 4685: 4677: 4635: 4438: 4428: 4387: 4353: 4232: 4222: 4062: 3998: 3988: 3778: 3758: 3735: 3715: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3613: 3604:

Leppert W (July 2009). "The role of methadone in cancer pain treatment--a review".

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efflux protein, a protein which helps pump foreign substances out of cells, in the

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Chronic methadone dosing will eventually lead to neuroadaptation, characterised by

1021: 950: 938: 728: 350: 223: 213: 35: 5764: 5544:"Investigation of narcotics and antitussives using drug discrimination techniques" 5169: 5053: 4324: 4303: 3090:"Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths - United States, 2010-2015" 17110: 16438: 15965: 15920: 15268: 15243: 14286: 14216: 14071: 13962: 13936: 13388: 12603: 12478: 12420: 12408: 12076: 11715: 11347: 11281: 10695: 10583: 10558: 10284: 10234: 9994: 9914: 9879: 9779: 9220: 9130: 8899: 8475: 7892: 7586: 7505: 7487: 7300: 7065: 7050: 6991: 6374: 6275: 5643:

In: Methadone Matters. Evolving Community Methadone Treatment of Opiate Addiction

5624: 5201: 5184: 4538: 4227: 4202: 3936: 2836:"Methadone: applied pharmacology and use as adjunctive treatment in chronic pain" 2835: 2066: 1998: 1997:. The two enantiomers of methadone inhibit hERG channels with different potency. 1946: 1926: 1814: 1627: 1572: 1551: 1290: 1183: 1179: 1049: 1001: 795: 521: 409: 384: 358: 16378: 15534: 14774: 13290: 13282: 10425: 8009: 6240: 6236: 4681: 4201:

Tran PN, Sheng J, Randolph AL, Baron CA, Thiebaud N, Ren M, et al. (2020).

4066: 4026:

Brondani M, Park PE (16 May 2011). "Methadone and oral health--a brief review".

961: 16740: 16065: 15363: 15343: 15338: 15143: 14401: 14361: 14351: 14311: 14206: 14171: 14076: 14051: 14006: 13568: 13218: 13013: 12958: 12432: 12416: 12412: 12338: 12061: 11727: 11719: 11332: 11098: 10821: 10573: 10194: 10174: 9939: 9874: 9794: 9774: 9570: 9042: 8971: 8758: 8677: 8315: 8245: 7958: 7780: 7626: 7581: 7344: 7224: 7199: 7075: 7060: 6530: 6410: 6361: 6328: 6067: 4151:"Tips from Other Journals – Public Health Issue: Methadone Maintenance Therapy" 2897: 2404: 2359: 2106: 1982: 1914: 1517: 1513: 1452: 1227: 1221: 1029: 957: 13294: 4496:(1st ed.). London: Royal College of General Practitioners. Archived from 4487:

Ford C, Barnard J, Bury J, Carnwath T, Gerada C, Joyce A, et al. (2005).

4150: 3368: 2590:"CSD Entry METHAD01: (6R)-Dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone, L-Methadone" 2549:, methadone treatment is illegal. In 2008, Chief Sanitary Inspector of Russia 2484:

Methadone maintenance clinics in the US may be covered by private insurances,

2184: 17120: 17056: 16715: 16493: 16448: 16398: 16321: 16309: 16015: 15930: 15910: 15895: 15890: 15835: 15609: 15599: 15303: 15223: 14947: 14887: 14877: 14814: 14789: 14583: 14526: 14316: 14261: 14251: 14246: 14226: 14161: 14111: 14096: 14011: 13905: 13848: 13678: 13648: 13588: 13538: 13533: 13423: 13393: 13339: 13168: 12983: 12918: 12688: 12472: 12468: 12438: 12404: 12378: 12368: 12323: 12287: 12147: 12091: 11930: 11870: 11792: 11772: 11755: 11733: 11654: 11649: 11599: 11563: 11423: 11362: 11088: 10608: 10593: 10553: 10364: 10359: 10339: 10199: 10164: 10019: 10014: 10004: 9979: 9974: 9909: 9869: 9829: 9410: 9115: 9027: 8966: 8911: 8879: 8738: 8672: 8492: 8465: 8347: 8255: 8225: 7944: 7842: 7838: 7800: 7796: 7735: 7731: 7695: 7515: 7510: 7500: 7430: 7392: 6850: 6625: 6555: 6415: 6384: 6333: 6133:

Sullivan SG, Wu Z, Rou K, Pang L, Luo W, Wang C, et al. (January 2015).

5450: 3254:

World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021)

3175:

Methadone Matters: Evolving Community Methadone Treatment of Opiate Addiction

3106: 3089: 3033:. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 16 June 2015 2854: 2452: 2448:, the Latin word for "end". Therefore, Dolophine literally means "pain end". 2367: 2251: 2135: 2074: 2050: 2039: 2006: 1886: 1845: 1081: 1053: 909:

Side effects are similar to those of other opioids. These frequently include

899: 704: 337: 10705: 10700: 17051: 16986: 16912: 16720: 16295: 16260: 16060: 15865: 15724: 15318: 15313: 15208: 15183: 15178: 15002: 14927: 14673: 14628: 14481: 14476: 14431: 14331: 14166: 14131: 14126: 13763: 13693: 13688: 13603: 13413: 13403: 13354: 13335: 13133: 13053: 13043: 12623: 12518: 12508: 12333: 12328: 12172: 12142: 12030: 11900: 11778: 11690: 11659: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11448: 11418: 11306: 11215: 11175: 11078: 10998: 10888: 10878: 10690: 10685: 10670: 10665: 10644: 10154: 9984: 9954: 9859: 9824: 9759: 9744: 9522: 9023: 8996: 8951: 8748: 8734: 8702: 8652: 8607: 8041: 7873: 7684: 7520: 7495: 7253: 7158: 7042: 6829: 6817: 6807: 6782: 6650: 6640: 6570: 6445: 6440: 6351: 6160: 5836:"Medicaid Coverage of Medications for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder" 5617: 5528: 5415: 5361: 5319: 5251: 5210: 5161: 5097:

Hill AD, Toner ME, FitzGerald MX (May 1990). "Talc lung in a drug abuser".

5023: 5014: 4997: 4966: 4927: 4814: 4755: 4699: 4452: 4433: 4416: 4401: 4246: 4176: 4074: 4039: 4012: 3770: 3727: 3682: 3625: 3590: 3555: 3514: 3462: 3386: 3337: 3151: 3115: 3016: 2953: 2913: 2872: 2754: 2436: 2432: 2412: 2400: 2351: 2347: 2255: 2240: 1965: 1950: 1532:

Most people who overdose on methadone show some of the following symptoms:

1376: 1213: 1178:

Respiratory problems such as trouble breathing, slow or shallow breathing (

1107: 1097: 930: 926: 882: 228: 218: 208: 11983:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin receptor modulators:

6201: 5465:"Polamidon: Wirkung, Legalität, Substitution, Erfolgschancen & Entzug" 5369: 5118: 4861: 4853: 4647: 4612: 3993: 3976: 3496: 22: 16981: 16958: 16872: 16798: 16765: 16745: 16623: 16608: 16603: 16593: 16583: 16503: 16473: 16468: 16313: 16285: 16280: 16250: 16235: 16225: 16205: 16200: 16160: 16125: 16115: 16070: 16050: 16035: 16030: 16000: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15880: 15855: 15840: 15815: 15805: 15795: 15790: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15679: 15619: 15614: 15589: 15448: 15438: 15418: 15378: 15373: 15348: 15333: 15298: 15293: 15193: 15168: 15062: 15057: 15047: 15037: 15027: 14962: 14892: 14849: 14693: 14623: 14593: 14578: 14563: 14536: 14501: 14486: 14471: 14456: 14421: 14411: 14381: 14366: 14341: 14306: 14301: 14291: 14281: 14241: 14236: 14196: 14186: 14121: 14106: 14081: 14041: 14026: 14016: 13868: 13833: 13813: 13728: 13718: 13673: 13653: 13573: 13503: 13493: 13483: 13478: 13448: 13238: 13233: 13223: 13213: 13158: 13123: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13093: 13033: 13008: 13003: 12923: 12693: 12683: 12628: 12599: 12549: 12493: 12446: 12428: 12363: 12343: 12292: 12282: 12257: 12217: 12212: 12157: 12127: 12106: 12096: 12086: 12046: 11985: 11965: 11955: 11935: 11915: 11875: 11865: 11812: 11741: 11723: 11695: 11680: 11639: 11619: 11568: 11558: 11533: 11493: 11488: 11433: 11403: 11382: 11372: 11357: 11322: 11286: 11251: 11180: 11170: 11160: 11155: 11103: 11083: 11073: 11048: 11028: 10958: 10933: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10863: 10858: 10816: 10811: 10760: 10568: 10344: 10329: 10309: 10279: 10209: 10093: 10073: 10063: 10058: 10038: 9999: 9949: 9944: 9929: 9919: 9884: 9834: 9804: 9799: 9789: 9709: 9652: 9605: 9537: 9512: 9460: 9375: 9261: 9199: 9176: 8884: 8869: 8815: 8803: 8617: 8592: 8480: 8455: 8342: 8096: 8046: 7928: 7888: 7846: 7808: 7792: 7716: 7566: 7546: 7455: 7364: 7295: 7287: 7248: 7173: 7123: 7118: 7017: 6953: 6881: 6725: 6710: 6701: 6635: 6620: 6615: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6545: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6484: 6479: 6435: 6420: 6389: 6368: 6346: 5707: 5337:(8th ed.). Foster City, CA: Biomedical Publications. pp. 941–5. 5083: 2375: 2363: 2026: 1990: 1363: 1307: 1295: 1269: 1189: 1160: 1068: 942: 903: 94: 5569: 4877:"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of methadone: Clinical relevance" 4480: 3410: 3262: 561: 17076: 17046: 17021: 16902: 16813: 16793: 16770: 16613: 16588: 16578: 16533: 16523: 16508: 16423: 16317: 16245: 16240: 16215: 16185: 16175: 16150: 16135: 16110: 16080: 16055: 16045: 16005: 15985: 15975: 15955: 15885: 15870: 15689: 15669: 15664: 15639: 15569: 15508: 15488: 15443: 15433: 15428: 15368: 15358: 15288: 15203: 15052: 15042: 15032: 15022: 14987: 14977: 14942: 14912: 14902: 14897: 14834: 14678: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14633: 14618: 14588: 14506: 14496: 14491: 14441: 14396: 14376: 14346: 14296: 14276: 14231: 14156: 14046: 14036: 13828: 13808: 13768: 13743: 13708: 13698: 13643: 13633: 13628: 13618: 13593: 13558: 13513: 13508: 13488: 13473: 13433: 13398: 13330: 13315: 13305: 13058: 13048: 12993: 12953: 12938: 12742: 12698: 12663: 12590: 12553: 12513: 12483: 12460: 12424: 12373: 12358: 12242: 12227: 12197: 12187: 12182: 12137: 12132: 12071: 12066: 12051: 12025: 11995: 11990: 11975: 11970: 11945: 11940: 11910: 11905: 11885: 11880: 11804: 11783: 11766: 11761: 11644: 11634: 11518: 11503: 11473: 11463: 11458: 11413: 11408: 11342: 11337: 11296: 11276: 11261: 11236: 11220: 11195: 11190: 11068: 11058: 11043: 10988: 10978: 10968: 10948: 10938: 10923: 10918: 10841: 10831: 10826: 10639: 10532: 10527: 10382: 10354: 10304: 10289: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10189: 10159: 10149: 10088: 10024: 10009: 9989: 9934: 9904: 9889: 9864: 9849: 9814: 9809: 9769: 9764: 9734: 9719: 9679: 9657: 9620: 9590: 9575: 9555: 9313: 9283: 9266: 9256: 9011: 9001: 8976: 8931: 8808: 8793: 8788: 8768: 8727: 8717: 8707: 8687: 8682: 8642: 8637: 8597: 8587: 8572: 8512: 8487: 8273: 8207: 8146: 8134: 8091: 7952: 7896: 7852: 7824: 7804: 7788: 7784: 7757: 7712: 7679: 7596: 7591: 7536: 7473: 7416: 7397: 7374: 7369: 7359: 7349: 7310: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7214: 7209: 7191: 7128: 7113: 7098: 7032: 7012: 6943: 6933: 6902: 6856: 6843: 6812: 6777: 6660: 6655: 6630: 6580: 6575: 6550: 6505: 6430: 5852: 5292:

Strang J, Sheridan J, Hunt C, Kerr B, Gerada C, Pringle M (June 2005).

5110: 4776:(2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 211–212. 3844: 3302:

Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M (July 2009). Mattick RP (ed.).

2428: 2330: 2247: 2236: 2175:-demethylation, are detectable in the urine of those taking methadone. 2097: 1986: 1894: 1587: 1557: 1319: 1273: 1246: 1146: 1136: 914: 755: 572: 188: 6151: 6134: 4737: 17031: 17026: 16976: 16948: 16877: 16838: 16833: 16808: 16803: 16730: 16638: 16628: 16518: 16428: 16342: 16300: 16290: 16230: 16220: 16210: 16180: 16170: 16165: 16120: 16090: 15970: 15950: 15850: 15845: 15800: 15719: 15714: 15674: 15659: 15634: 15564: 15503: 15473: 15423: 15413: 15408: 15273: 15163: 15128: 15123: 15067: 14992: 14972: 14967: 14937: 14867: 14829: 14809: 14804: 14744: 14728: 14718: 14663: 14573: 14521: 14516: 14451: 14386: 14266: 14256: 14101: 13668: 13663: 13638: 13608: 13578: 13528: 13518: 13498: 13368: 13153: 13148: 13138: 12963: 12943: 12933: 12928: 12883: 12730: 12678: 12648: 12643: 12563: 12545: 12498: 12456: 12399: 12348: 12267: 12237: 12101: 12020: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11925: 11920: 11800: 11685: 11675: 11624: 11543: 11513: 11377: 11327: 11246: 11241: 11210: 11205: 11165: 11063: 11053: 11018: 10943: 10913: 10846: 10806: 10770: 10675: 10660: 10634: 10598: 10588: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10179: 10169: 10127: 10053: 10043: 9969: 9964: 9924: 9894: 9844: 9819: 9749: 9724: 9714: 9689: 9684: 9674: 9550: 9435: 9420: 9400: 9385: 9380: 9271: 9096: 9091: 9037: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8874: 8783: 8778: 8753: 8662: 8602: 8582: 8577: 8567: 8557: 8532: 8460: 8422:

Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor

8325: 8308: 8278: 8202: 8162: 8139: 8062: 8026: 7936: 7883: 7818: 7739: 7601: 7561: 7556: 7410: 7258: 7219: 7163: 7093: 7027: 7022: 6999: 6981: 6966: 6938: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6866: 6822: 6610: 6450: 6379: 6307: 6232: 3453: 3436: 3400:

World Health Organization (2009). "Methadone maintenance treatment".

3143: 2558: 2382: 2371: 2325:

Methadone was developed in 1937 in Germany by scientists working for

2139: 1918: 1465: 1430: 1357: 1301: 1251: 1241: 1117: 1045: 965: 910: 507: 448: 164: 80: 4996:

Preston KL, Epstein DH, Davoudzadeh D, Huestis MA (September 2003).

4719: 4354:"Methadone Dosing & Safety in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction" 2208: 2196: 2013:

of ~29 μM at the hERG channel. Methadone is also known to block the

17036: 16828: 16573: 16483: 16463: 16453: 16408: 16337: 16130: 16040: 16025: 15990: 15980: 15860: 15684: 15579: 15554: 15493: 15478: 15388: 15308: 15278: 15258: 15228: 15173: 15153: 15118: 15007: 14932: 14917: 14839: 14819: 14688: 14683: 14668: 14638: 14608: 14568: 14436: 14326: 14271: 14181: 14116: 14086: 13971: 13822: 13748: 13563: 13553: 13373: 13128: 13118: 13078: 13073: 13063: 13028: 12978: 12973: 12878: 12717: 12668: 12658: 12557: 12503: 12464: 12442: 12232: 12222: 12015: 11808: 11751: 11737: 11508: 11498: 11200: 11185: 11150: 11008: 11003: 10993: 10963: 10765: 10522: 10324: 10122: 10029: 9854: 9839: 9754: 9669: 9585: 9475: 9357: 9288: 9278: 9140: 9006: 8904: 8712: 8359: 8335: 8320: 8260: 8213: 8173: 8168: 8036: 8031: 7948: 7932: 7910: 7900: 7761: 7704: 7571: 7450: 7445: 7305: 7204: 6976: 6971: 6948: 6897: 6871: 6861: 6670: 6665: 6645: 6560: 6540: 6489: 6302: 6287: 5072:

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien d'Ophtalmologie

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in rat receptors, expressed in human embryonic kidney cell lines.

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Dales pharmaceuticals patients information leaflet revision 09/10

4555:"Methadone-Associated Mortality, Report of a National Assessment" 2669:

Today's Medical Assistant: Clinical and Administrative Procedures

2355: 2317: 2229: 1506:

Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in children of pregnant women

1447: 1197: 5070:

Murphy SB, Jackson WB, Pare JA (July 1978). "Talc retinopathy".

4995: 2732: 1964:

Methadone at therapeutic concentrations is known to prolong the

17011: 16996: 16991: 16862: 16755: 16418: 16085: 15900: 15559: 15483: 15468: 15458: 15233: 14824: 14703: 14321: 14201: 13408: 13228: 13038: 12823: 12533: 12262: 12207: 11950: 11788: 11538: 11483: 11291: 11038: 10715: 10244: 10144: 9517: 9248: 9230: 9207: 8502: 8497: 8219: 7924: 7745: 6356: 6258: 6249: 4951:"Prescribing methadone for pain management in end-of-life care" 2562: 2546: 2343: 2152: 2148: 2144: 1954: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1586:. Naloxone is preferred to the newer, longer-acting antagonist 1536: 1470: 1437: 1403: 1352: 1330: 1277: 1237: 1233: 1151: 1141: 1014: 918: 889:. Prescribed for daily use, the medicine relieves cravings and 878: 652: 401: 397: 393: 193: 3434: 1582:

The respiratory depression of an overdose can be treated with

17016: 16618: 16513: 16255: 16010: 15875: 15248: 15198: 15158: 14922: 14613: 14557: 14466: 14151: 14146: 13778: 10239: 9664: 9455: 9181: 8991: 8517: 8507: 6590: 6297: 6262: 5853:"Veterans Alcohol and Drug Dependence Rehabilitation Program" 3647:

Nicholson AB, Watson GR, Derry S, Wiffen PJ (February 2017).

2623:"Crystal Structures of Synthetic Analgetics. II. l-Methadone" 2520: 2334: 2014: 1922: 1545: 1339: 769: 632: 389: 13957: 8404: 5901: 5767:. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. 2167:-demethylation by CYP3A4 in the liver and intestine to give 997:(DEA) in order to prescribe methadone for opioid addiction. 677: 30: 16020: 12607: 10132: 9959: 9545: 9532: 9166: 8986: 8956: 8946: 8859: 8692: 8657: 8647: 8445: 3530:"Use and rotation of opioids in chronic non-oncologic pain" 2423:

Methadone was introduced into the United States in 1947 by

2077: 1994: 1600: 1576: 612: 11129: 3748: 3646: 12836: 9370: 5869:. Drug Policy Alliance Lindesmith Library. Archived from 5628: 5548:

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

5496:. Vol. 561. Justus Liebigs Ann. pp. 561, 52–85. 4803:

The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

3399: 3353:"Opioid dependence treatment: options in pharmacotherapy" 3248: 2966: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2701: 2665: 2655:

https://www.medsafe.govt.nz/consumers/cmi/m/Methatabs.pdf

1636:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

991:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

12578: 5489: 5226:"Methadone injecting in Australia: a tale of two cities" 4373: 3301: 1775: 1560:, sleepiness, disorientation, sedation, unresponsiveness 956:

Methadone was developed in Germany in the late 1930s by

8003: 5185:"Improving survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension" 4797:

Xiao Y, Smith RD, Caruso FS, Kellar KJ (October 2001).

4486: 3974: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 970:

World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines

183:

By mouth, intravenous, insufflation, sublingual, rectal

13259: 12855: 12120:

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors:

11396:

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors:

9662:

Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):

5291: 4771: 4625: 4594: 4325:"Methadone overdose: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia" 4200: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3128: 2939: 2924: 2834:

Brown R, Kraus C, Fleming M, Reddy S (November 2004).

2833: 17094: 11839: 9068: 7749: 5745:"Methadone Prices and Methadone Coupons » 40 mg" 5654: 5652: 5582:

Morphine & Allied Drugs, Reynolds et al 1957 Ch 8

4796: 4772:

Davis MP, Glare P, Hardy JR, Columba Q, eds. (2009).

2806:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 1766: 10476: 6068:"42 CFR § 8.12 – Federal opioid treatment standards" 5725:"Methadone Prices and Methadone Coupons » 5 mg" 5223: 5139: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 3088:

Rudd RA, Seth P, David F, Scholl L (December 2016).

2025:

of ~10 μM, which is similar to the local anesthetic

1680:

Receptor binding affinities of isomers of methadone

7709:

Tooltip Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

5096: 4955:

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

4715: 4713: 4711: 4709: 4296: 3855: 3350: 3087: 2686: 2427:as an analgesic under the trade name Dolophine. An 1972:(TdP), a heart rhythm disturbance that can lead to 1170:

Heart problems such as chest pain or fast heartbeat

540: 11118: 8083: 5662:The Praeger International Collection on Addictions 5649: 5347: 4319: 4317: 4280:. National Institutes of Health. 1 February 2009. 1756: 10455: 7830: 7723: 6132: 5069: 4595:Codd EE, Shank RP, Schupsky JJ, Raffa RB (1995). 4515:"Increases in Methadone-Related Deaths:1999–2004" 4421:Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 4253: 2289:2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine 2282: 2169:2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine 17118: 17079:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer) 5393: 4905: 4874: 4706: 3695: 3568: 3474: 3472: 3351:Stotts AL, Dodrill CL, Kosten TR (August 2009). 2991:"Keeping patients safe from methadone overdoses" 520: 5819:"Medicare Coverage of Substance Abuse Services" 5436: 5335:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man 4314: 3562: 3527: 3478: 3404:. WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. 495: 13935: 13754:Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate) 9320: 9305: 6094:"Russia Scorns Methadone for Heroin Addiction" 6005:The A-Z Encyclopedia of Alcohol and Drug Abuse 5995: 5640: 5506: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5224:Lintzeris N, Lenné M, Ritter A (August 1999). 4884:Heroin Addiction and Related Clinical Problems 4659: 4657: 4571: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3946: 3521: 2134:Methadone has a slow metabolism and very high 17197:World Health Organization essential medicines 13921: 13895:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators 12809: 12044:Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: 11828: 11320:Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: 11148:Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: 10441: 8390: 7989: 7960: 7665: 6217: 5925:"Is drug addiction treatment worth its cost?" 5685: 5658: 5036:Code of Federal Regulations, Title 42, Sec 8. 4052: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3469: 3202: 2942:The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York 2666:Bonewit-West K, Hunt SA, Applegate E (2012). 1746: 1666: 13890:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators 11234:Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors: 10465: 5541: 4194: 4025: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 2246:Methadone is available in traditional pill, 2042:is not completely free of cardiac toxicity. 2029:. Both enantiomers of methadone block the Na 1369:Aches and pains, often in the joints or legs 813:CCC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)CC(N(C)C)C)=O 478:)-6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one 126: 6231: 5490:Bockmühl M, Ehrhart G, Schaumann O (1948). 5376: 4948: 4654: 4619: 4588: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4108: 4106: 4104: 3943: 3653:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3308:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3094:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2561:in order to cope with withdrawal symptoms. 2506: 2232:oral solution, though in Germany, only the 1593: 1569:Limp muscles, trouble staying awake, nausea 232: 13928: 13914: 12816: 12802: 11134:Tooltip Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors 10448: 10434: 10407:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators 8397: 8383: 8299: 8193: 8153: 8053: 7996: 7982: 7672: 7658: 6224: 6210: 5030: 4177:"Methadone Black Box Warnings - Drugs.com" 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 3968: 3606:International Journal of Clinical Practice 2988: 2895: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2219: 1693: 1673: 1659: 1563:Skin that is cool, clammy (damp), and pale 714: 691: 580: 12841:Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 10414:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators 6150: 6001: 5559: 5535: 5309: 5241: 5200: 5013: 4745: 4689: 4572:Finn S, Tuckwiller T (28 November 2006). 4442: 4432: 4391: 4236: 4226: 4002: 3992: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3810: 3709: 3689: 3672: 3545: 3504: 3452: 3409: 3376: 3327: 3261: 3105: 3006: 2891: 2889: 2862: 2672:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 571. 2639: 1736: 1726: 1716: 600: 17157:Drugs developed by Eli Lilly and Company 13384:Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide) 12583:Tooltip Vesicular monoamine transporters 11858:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: 8826: 6091: 4148: 4123: 3479:Anderson IB, Kearney TE (January 2000). 2975: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2316: 1933:of methadone are subject to substantial 1497:Potentially fatal respiratory depression 1075: 1067: 5298:The British Journal of General Practice 5182: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4868: 4351: 4081: 3603: 3571:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 3428: 3242: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2769: 1500:Lethal overdose in accidental ingestion 985:Methadone is used for the treatment of 687: 560: 99: 17119: 13264:Tooltip negative allosteric modulators 12860:Tooltip positive allosteric modulators 10137:Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related: 5904:"How Much Does Opioid Treatment Cost?" 5891:from the original on 15 February 2010. 5771:from the original on 19 September 2016 5542:Overton DA, Batta SK (November 1979). 5332: 5047:"Methadone Hydrochloride Tablets, USP" 4584:from the original on 13 February 2010. 4165:from the original on 4 September 2015. 3908: 3225:from the original on 23 December 2015. 3192:from the original on 23 December 2015. 2920:from the original on 5 September 2017. 2886: 2601:Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre 2459: 2179:Methadone and its two main metabolites 2045: 1260: 1088:Adverse effects of methadone include: 705: 319: 71:Dolophine, Methadose, Methatab, others 13909: 12797: 11844:Tooltip Serotonin reuptake inhibitors 10429: 9293:Other positive allosteric modulators: 9073:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor 8378: 8363: 7977: 7754:Tooltip monoamine reuptake inhibitors 7653: 6205: 6184:Tapering off of methadone maintenance 6104:from the original on 7 December 2016. 6008:. Universal-Publishers. p. 366. 5791: 4875:Eap CB, Déglon JJ, Baumann P (1999). 4414: 4347: 4345: 3528:Kraychete DC, Sakata RK (July 2012). 3256:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 3069:from the original on 23 November 2015 2898:"Methadone treatment for pain states" 2810:from the original on 23 December 2015 2715: 1771:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1709: 1687: 1684: 1486:Methadone has the following U.S. FDA 1383: 660: 640: 331: 117: 85: 17172:German inventions of the Nazi period 10481:Tooltip Dopamine reuptake inhibitors 8364: 4894: 4839: 4833: 4561:from the original on 1 January 2016. 4284:from the original on 17 October 2013 3534:Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia 3282:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library 2971:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2822: 2527: 2287:Methadone and its major metabolite, 2163:The main metabolic pathway involves 1945:. Adverse effects include sedation, 1554:(breathing that is too slow/shallow) 1481: 1284: 304:(Special prescription form required) 222: 212: 10034:Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists: 6122:(in Portuguese). 30 September 2020. 6022:from the original on 1 January 2014 5243:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94811757.x 4521:from the original on 11 April 2010. 2735:Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2620: 2065:than morphine, but lower affinity. 1056:, it may be more effective against 980: 620: 511: 308: 13: 12178:Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505) 11454:Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505) 11123:Tooltip Norepinephrine transporter 10884:Didesmethylsibutramine (BTS-54505) 8598:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) 5902:National Institute on Drug Abuse. 5408:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.01.005 5154:10.1161/01.CIR.0000013771.30198.82 4342: 3964:from the original on 4 March 2016. 3851:from the original on 29 July 2017. 2967:World Health Organization (2009). 2540: 1913:, or in this case target, for the 1761:Tooltip Norepinephrine transporter 1704: 1276:, reducing the protective role of 1210:of the hands, arms, feet, and legs 1063: 941:may also occur due to a prolonged 14: 17208: 15896:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 15224:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 14177:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene) 14162:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol) 13469:Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine) 10696:Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine) 7835:Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants 7728:Tooltip Tricyclic antidepressants 7316:Tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol) 6171: 6072:LII / Legal Information Institute 5983:from the original on 4 March 2016 5957:from the original on 2 March 2016 5867:"Methadone Maintenance Treatment" 5439:Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 4574:"New warning issued on methadone" 3357:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2896:Toombs JD, Kral LA (April 2005). 2309:for carbonyl addition reactions. 2266:) should not be injected either. 1877:Methadone acts by binding to the 1375:Blood pressure that is too high ( 1316:(breathing that is too fast/deep) 441:• Withdrawal prevention: 1–2 days 259: 149: 17104: 16276:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether 12825:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 12168:Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354) 11444:Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354) 10874:Desmethylsibutramine (BTS-54354) 8256:Hydromorphone (extended-release) 6126: 6108: 6085: 6060: 6034: 5977:"DEA Diversion Control Division" 5969: 5951:"DEA Diversion Control Division" 5943: 5917: 5895: 5700:10.1001/jama.1976.03260450029025 5189:The European Respiratory Journal 5099:Irish Journal of Medical Science 5002:Journal of Analytical Toxicology 4920:10.2165/00003088-200241140-00003 4663: 4393:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01148.x 3981:Cardiology Research and Practice 3618:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01990.x 3583:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.12.011 3205:"Diphenypropylamine Derivatives" 2882:from the original on 2 May 2014. 2747:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01597.x 2641:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.28b-0005 2207: 2195: 2183: 2121:nicotinic acetylcholine receptor 2057:-(–)-methadone enantiomer) is a 2009:has a lower affinity, with an IC 964:. It was approved for use as an 745: 739: 43: 29: 16271:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether 13849:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine) 13174:Suxethonium (succinyldicholine) 13169:Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) 12779:Monoamine metabolism modulators 10074:Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657) 9021:Negative allosteric modulators: 8909:Positive allosteric modulators: 8732:Negative allosteric modulators: 8485:Positive allosteric modulators: 5877: 5859: 5845: 5828: 5811: 5785: 5714: 5679: 5634: 5611: 5585: 5576: 5500: 5483: 5457: 5430: 5341: 5326: 5285: 5267: 5258: 5217: 5176: 5133: 5090: 5063: 5039: 4989: 4977: 4942: 4790: 4765: 4726:British Journal of Pharmacology 4565: 4547: 4507: 4459: 4408: 4367: 4169: 4046: 4019: 3785: 3742: 3640: 3597: 3485:The Western Journal of Medicine 3393: 3344: 3295: 3270: 3229: 3196: 3178:. CRC Press. 2003. p. 13. 3166: 3122: 3081: 3045: 3023: 2960: 2496:Methadone maintenance treatment 2294: 1649: 1429:Increased perception of odors ( 995:Drug Enforcement Administration 993:(SAMHSA) and registered by the 975: 838:Key:USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 296: 16196:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide 9310:Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone 8618:Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) 8513:Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448) 7084:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 5885:"Methadone Research Web Guide" 5509:Bulletin of Anesthesia History 3793:"Methadone Oral: Side Effects" 3665:10.1002/14651858.CD003971.pub4 3320:10.1002/14651858.CD002209.pub2 3203:Kleiman MA, Hawdon JE (2011). 2659: 2648: 2614: 2582: 2464: 2283:Detection in biological fluids 2228:at a methadone clinic is in a 748: 733: 285: 272: 1: 16171:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) 15364:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin) 14973:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) 14402:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin) 13885:Receptor/signaling modulators 13539:Hexamethonium (benzohexonium) 12759:Receptor/signaling modulators 11833:Tooltip Serotonin transporter 10457:Monoamine reuptake inhibitors 10400:Receptor/signaling modulators 10249:Unknown/unsorted antagonists: 8813:Unknown/unsorted antagonists: 8406:Ionotropic glutamate receptor 5747:. GoodRx, Inc. Archived from 5727:. GoodRx, Inc. Archived from 5521:10.1016/S1522-8649(07)50035-1 4949:Manfredonia JF (March 2005). 4842:Journal of Addictive Diseases 4640:10.1016/S0304-3940(97)13391-2 4352:Leavitt SB (September 2003). 3929:"Dolophine: Drug Description" 3763:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60464-4 3720:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61462-6 3547:10.1016/S0034-7094(12)70155-1 2595:Cambridge Structural Database 2575: 2501: 2129: 2019:1.5 voltage-gated Na+ channel 1891:ionotropic glutamate receptor 1751:Tooltip Serotonin transporter 1548:of the stomach and intestines 1052:. Due to its activity at the 877:among others, is a synthetic 869:, sold under the brand names 15394:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon 11673:Tetracyclic antidepressants: 10470:Tooltip Dopamine transporter 6002:Nordegren T (1 March 2002). 5202:10.1183/09031936.05.00129604 5052:. VistaPharm. Archived from 4228:10.1371/journal.pone.0241362 3441:Health Technology Assessment 2989:Grissinger M (August 2011). 2843:Postgraduate Medical Journal 2472: 2277: 1993:drugs, methadone blocks the 1616: 1520:, and other CNS depressants. 7: 17187:Mu-opioid receptor agonists 17047:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin) 16675:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 16056:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29) 14542:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone 13619:Methorphan (racemethorphan) 12949:Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate 12123:3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine 11399:3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine 10098:NR2A-selective antagonists: 9630:Polyamine site antagonists: 8855:Acromelic acid (acromelate) 8441:Acromelic acid (acromelate) 8261:Morphine (extended-release) 6726:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 6092:Schwirtz M (22 July 2008). 5645:. Taylor and Francis Group. 5183:Humbert M (February 2005). 4983:Medscape Methadone Dosage. 4682:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034560 4149:Sadovsky R (15 July 2000). 4067:10.12968/denu.2005.32.8.477 3649:"Methadone for cancer pain" 3209:Encyclopedia of Drug Policy 3132:Annals of Internal Medicine 1935:interindividual variability 1527: 1494:Risk of addiction and abuse 1050:rotation with other opioids 10: 17213: 17067:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) 16687:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 15791:Adrenorphin (metorphamide) 14958:Methylsamidorphan chloride 14192:Dimethylaminopivalophenone 14017:Adrenorphin (metorphamide) 12999:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium 12763:Monoamine releasing agents 12321:Tricyclic antidepressants: 11597:Tricyclic antidepressants: 10666:Benzatropine (benztropine) 8538:Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 8304:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist 8198:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist 8158:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist 8058:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist 4274:"Methadone (meth' a done)" 3266:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02. 3239:doi:10.1001/jama.294.8.887 2519:is also controlled, under 2391:opioid withdrawal symptoms 2312: 1701:Tooltip Inhibitor constant 1607: 1394:Susceptibility to cravings 1048:in chronic pain, often in 723:Chemical and physical data 16987:Racecadotril (acetorphan) 16935: 16847: 16662: 16651: 16394:Buprenorphine/samidorphan 16351: 16306:Tricyclic antidepressants 15748: 15737: 15517: 15384:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl 15091: 15080: 14737: 14427:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl 13946: 13877: 13791: 13252: 12848: 12834: 12751: 12707: 12576: 12387: 12316: 12115: 12039: 11853: 11826: 11704: 11668: 11592: 11391: 11315: 11229: 11143: 11116: 10799: 10653: 10617: 10541: 10490: 10463: 10391: 9480:Glycine site antagonists: 9066: 8824: 8415: 8372: 8290:Benzodiazepine dependence 8288: 8182: 8072: 8017: 7907:NMDA receptor antagonists 7861: 7771: 7694: 7610: 7529: 7486: 7464: 7427:Tricyclic antidepressants 7383: 7335: 7324: 7286: 7241: 7190: 7074: 7041: 6990: 6926: 6890: 6800: 6791: 6700: 6498: 6316: 6257: 6248: 4908:Clinical Pharmacokinetics 4361:Addiction Treatment Forum 4155:American Family Physician 4028:Journal of Dental Hygiene 3369:10.1517/14656560903037168 3250:World Health Organization 2902:American Family Physician 2804:"Methadone Hydrochloride" 1844: 1813: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1764: 1754: 1744: 1741:Tooltip κ-Opioid receptor 1734: 1731:Tooltip δ-Opioid receptor 1724: 1721:Tooltip μ-Opioid receptor 1714: 1566:Blue fingernails and lips 1372:Elevated pain sensitivity 1236:, difficulty in reaching 846: 821: 801: 789: 767: 754: 727: 722: 703: 671: 651: 631: 611: 591: 571: 551: 531: 506: 486: 462: 457: 447: 443:• Pain relief: 8–12 hours 431: 418: 408: 383: 373: 357: 349: 249: 244: 199: 187: 175: 163: 137: 107: 93: 75: 65: 60: 42: 28: 16972:Dexecadotril (retorphan) 16944:Enkephalinase inhibitors 16873:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094) 16855:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH 16771:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ) 13859:Phosphatidylethanolamine 12047:Atomoxetine (tomoxetine) 11323:Atomoxetine (tomoxetine) 9368:Competitive antagonists: 9276:Polyamine site agonists: 9262:Neboglamine (nebostinel) 8831:Tooltip Kainate receptor 6761:+propyphenazone/caffeine 5794:"Insurance and Payments" 5792:Walsh L (16 June 2015). 5659:Browne-Miller A (2009). 5469:My Way Betty Ford Klinik 5451:10.1002/jlac.19495610107 4061:(8): 477–8, 481–2, 485. 3107:10.15585/mmwr.mm655051e1 2855:10.1136/pgmj.2004.022988 2507:United States and Canada 1594:Tolerance and dependence 1509:CYP450 drug interactions 1247:Missed menstrual periods 1044:Methadone is used as an 929:. Serious risks include 881:used medically to treat 17147:Dimethylamino compounds 16670:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin 15941:Dynorphin B (rimorphin) 14983:Nalorphine dinicotinate 13639:Morphanol (racemorphan) 13579:Laudexium (laudolissin) 12989:Desformylflustrabromine 12425:mepyramine (pyrilamine) 10350:Pentamidine isethionate 10094:Traxoprodil (CP-101606) 9333:Epipregnanolone sulfate 5765:"WHOCC – ATC/DDD Index" 5623:13 January 2016 at the 5396:Brain Research Bulletin 4601:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther 2327:I.G. Farbenindustrie AG 2321:40 mg of methadone 2226:route of administration 2220:Route of administration 1939:route of administration 1420:Auditory hallucinations 1039: 900:injection into a muscle 16286:Spiradoline (U-62,066) 16231:Pethidine (meperidine) 15424:Pethidine (meperidine) 15114:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881) 14760:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide 14659:Tetrahydropapaveroline 14574:Pethidine (meperidine) 12699:Vanoxerine (GBR-12909) 12546:pethidine (meperidine) 11801:pethidine (meperidine) 10589:Pethidine (meperidine) 10380:Allosteric modulators: 10315:Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976) 9970:Pethidine (meperidine) 9591:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 9513:Apimostinel (NRX-1074) 9177:Apimostinel (NRX-1074) 9145:Glycine site agonists: 8977:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 8688:Licostinel (ACEA-1021) 8573:Mibampator (LY-451395) 6611:Pethidine (meperidine) 5362:10.1038/newbio244186b0 4961:(3 Suppl 1): S18–S21. 4774:Opioids in Cancer Pain 4542:The Charleston Gazette 4434:10.1186/1747-597X-3-10 2517:Methadone intermediate 2322: 2260:pulmonary hypertension 1310:(sensitivity to light) 1174:Abnormal heart rhythms 1085: 1073: 939:Abnormal heart rhythms 935:respiratory depression 16977:Ecadotril (sinorphan) 16464:CERC-501 (LY-2456302) 16364:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 15926:Dinalbuphine sebacate 15801:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 15525:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 15484:Thiobromadol (C-8813) 15124:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 14770:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone 14750:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol 14222:Dinalbuphine sebacate 13844:Glycerophosphocholine 12783:Monoamine neurotoxins 12349:Dosulepin (dothiepin) 11896:Didesmethylcitalopram 11625:Dosulepin (dothiepin) 11302:Serdexmethylphenidate 10604:Serdexmethylphenidate 10049:CO-101244 (PD-174494) 9765:Delucemine (NPS-1506) 9715:Alazocine (SKF-10047) 7232:+paracetamol/caffeine 7210:Metamizole (dipyrone) 7144:Morpholine salicylate 7088:+paracetamol/caffeine 4854:10.1300/J069v13n01_02 4415:Reece AS (May 2008). 3497:10.1136/ewjm.172.1.43 3278:"Opioid Use Disorder" 3235:Kuehn, B. M. (2005). 3211:. SAGE Publications. 2425:Eli Lilly and Company 2320: 2157:withdrawal management 1931:elimination half-life 1512:Risks when used with 1425:Visual hallucinations 1379:, may cause a stroke) 1079: 1071: 17137:Benzhydryl compounds 16834:Sunobinop (S-117957) 16569:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic 15901:Diamorphine (heroin) 15234:Diamorphine (heroin) 14202:Diamorphine (heroin) 14002:Acetyldihydrocodeine 13982:7-Hydroxymitragynine 13977:7-Acetoxymitragynine 13839:Dimethylethanolamine 13704:Rapacuronium bromide 13684:Pipecuronium bromide 13524:Gantacurium chloride 13484:Dizocilpine (MK-801) 13069:MEM-63,908 (RG-3487) 13019:Ethoxysebacylcholine 12674:Methoxytetrabenazine 12639:Dihydrotetrabenazine 12453:Arylcyclohexylamines 11748:Arylcyclohexylamines 10899:Dizocilpine (MK-801) 10853:Chaenomeles speciosa 10554:Benocyclidine (BTCP) 10069:Radiprodil (RGH-896) 10044:Buphenine (nylidrin) 9621:Rapastinel (GLYX-13) 9436:Midafotel (d-CPPene) 9343:Pregnenolone sulfate 9267:Rapastinel (GLYX-13) 9058:Pregnenolone sulfate 8799:Pregnenolone sulfate 7773:Ion channel blockers 7355:Gabapentin enacarbil 7149:Potassium salicylate 7139:Magnesium salicylate 7134:Imidazole salicylate 6961:Indometacin farnesil 6357:Diamorphine (heroin) 6324:Acetyldihydrocodeine 6190:DE patent 711069 5751:on 11 September 2016 5731:on 11 September 2016 5593:"Methadone Briefing" 5015:10.1093/jat/27.6.332 4537:18 June 2006 at the 4517:. 4 September 2018. 4304:"Methadone overdose" 3939:on 3 September 2008. 3904:on 27 February 2008. 3447:(9): 1–171, iii–iv. 3100:(50–51): 1445–1452. 2551:Gennadiy Onishchenko 2305:the proposal of the 2264:maintenance purposes 2061:agonist with higher 1881:, but also has some 1539:(constricted pupils) 1203:Difficulty urinating 50:Ball-and-stick model 17152:Drug rehabilitation 17037:Ubenimex (bestatin) 16781:Nociceptin (1-13)NH 16389:β-Chlornaltrexamine 16359:4′-Hydroxyflavanone 15781:β-Chlornaltrexamine 15655:N-Benzylnaltrindole 15550:β-Chlornaltrexamine 15469:TAN-67 (SB-205,607) 15134:AR-M100390 (ARM390) 14795:β-Chlornaltrexamine 14765:4′-Hydroxyflavanone 13992:α-Chlornaltrexamine 13854:Phosphatidylcholine 13739:Threohydrobupropion 13724:Stercuronium iodide 13659:Pancuronium bromide 12298:Threohydrobupropion 12163:Desmethylsertraline 11891:Desmethylcitalopram 11574:Threohydrobupropion 11439:Desmethylsertraline 11094:Threohydrobupropion 10869:Desmethylsertraline 9300:-Hydroxycholesterol 9111:Homoquinolinic acid 9084:Main site agonists: 8842:Main site agonists: 8436:5-Fluorowillardiine 8433:Main site agonists: 8115:General anesthetics 8019:Nicotine dependence 7104:Carbasalate calcium 5599:on 20 November 2003 4476:on 3 November 2011. 4219:2020PLoSO..1541362T 3994:10.4061/2010/524764 3757:(9566): 1047–1053. 3704:(9752): 1558–1565. 2597:: Access Structures 2569:under Russian law. 2535:opioid use disorder 2460:Society and culture 2143:cytochrome enzymes 2046:Mechanism of action 1970:torsades de pointes 1681: 1436:Marked increase in 1433:), real or imagined 1272:. Methadone causes 1261:Withdrawal symptoms 1256:Central sleep apnea 987:opioid use disorder 887:opioid use disorder 363:15–20% subcutaneous 25: 16599:Norbinaltorphimine 15906:Diacetylnalorphine 15595:Diacetylnalorphine 15219:Desmethylclozapine 14873:Diacetylnalorphine 14553:Papaver somniferum 14137:Chloroxymorphamine 13774:Vecuronium bromide 13714:Rocuronium bromide 13624:Methyllycaconitine 13549:Hydroxynorketamine 13444:Dextropropoxyphene 13429:Dehydronorketamine 13419:Dacuronium bromide 12538:dextropropoxyphene 10564:Dexmethylphenidate 9648:Diethylenetriamine 9327:prasterone sulfate 9102:Homocysteic acid ( 8845:5-Bromowillardiine 8269:Opioid antagonists 8129:Opioid antagonists 8107:Hydrogen cyanamide 8074:Alcohol dependence 7637:Never to phase III 7542:Analgesic adjuvant 7443:1.7/1.8-selective: 7109:Choline salicylate 6536:Dextropropoxyphene 6145:(Suppl 1): 29–39. 6098:The New York Times 5855:. 1 November 2018. 5111:10.1007/BF02937408 4578:Charleston Gazette 3481:"Use of methadone" 2479:defined daily dose 2323: 2307:Bürgi–Dunitz angle 2063:intrinsic activity 2034:channel and the Na 2021:(SCN5A) with an IC 1785:Racemic methadone 1654: 1644:Charleston Gazette 1624:Charleston Gazette 1476:Anorexia (symptom) 1384:Cognitive symptoms 1161:Low blood pressure 1142:Constricted pupils 1086: 1074: 947:chemical synthesis 437:Single dose: 4–8 h 433:Duration of action 21: 17192:Synthetic opioids 17177:German inventions 17142:CYP2D6 inhibitors 17092: 17091: 17086: 17085: 16931: 16930: 16776:Nociceptin (1-11) 16647: 16646: 15776:14-Methoxymetopon 15733: 15732: 15650:Methylnaltrindole 15076: 15075: 14745:(3S,4S)-Picenadol 14357:Levacetylmethadol 13903: 13902: 13864:Phosphorylcholine 13802: 13787: 13786: 13584:Levacetylmethadol 13464:Dihydrochandonium 13344:sodium thiopental 13014:Ethanol (alcohol) 12791: 12790: 12786: 12572: 12571: 11847: 11822: 11821: 11267:Levophacetoperane 11137: 11112: 11111: 10974:Levophacetoperane 10549:4-Fluoropethidine 10484: 10423: 10422: 10274: 10230:Trichloroethylene 10175:Ethanol (alcohol) 9540: 9483:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101) 9251: 9243: 9210: 9202: 9194: 9151: 9136:Tetrazolylglycine 9105: 9043:Ethanol (alcohol) 9032:sodium thiopental 8850:5-Iodowillardiine 8759:Ethanol (alcohol) 8743:sodium thiopental 8357: 8356: 8236:Levacetylmethadol 8184:Opioid dependence 8102:Calcium carbimide 7971: 7970: 7879:Botulinum toxin A 7869:Alpha lipoic acid 7815:Local anesthetics 7688:pharmacotherapies 7647: 7646: 7482: 7481: 7466:Potassium openers 7403:Local anesthetics 7345:Alcohol (ethanol) 7282: 7281: 7181:methyl salicylate 7169:Sodium salicylate 7056:Meclofenamic acid 6731:+aspirin/caffeine 6696: 6695: 6152:10.1111/add.12781 6015:978-1-58112-404-0 5694:(19): 2117–2119. 5672:978-0-275-99605-5 5333:Baselt R (2008). 5148:(14): 1663–1668. 4914:(14): 1153–1193. 4821:on 28 August 2021 4783:978-0-19-923664-0 4738:10.1111/bph.12465 4532:"The Killer Cure" 4310:. 3 October 2017. 3363:(11): 1727–1740. 2628:Acta Chem. Scand. 2528:Methadone clinics 2431:later arose that 2331:Farbwerke Hoechst 2059:μ-opioid receptor 1879:μ-opioid receptor 1875: 1874: 1488:black box warning 1482:Black box warning 1390:Suicidal ideation 1285:Physical symptoms 891:opioid withdrawal 864: 863: 780:Interactive image 673:CompTox Dashboard 369:41–99% (by mouth) 335: 323: 311: 299: 288: 276: 268:(Controlled drug) 263: 153: 120: 54:crystal structure 16:Opioid medication 17204: 17109: 17108: 17107: 17100: 16966: 16893:Nociceptin (1-7) 16789:Norbuprenorphine 16726:Dihydroetorphine 16660: 16659: 16549:Methylnaltrexone 16459:Catechin gallate 16191:Norbuprenorphine 15916:Dihydroetorphine 15786:β-Funaltrexamine 15746: 15745: 15645:Methylnaltrexone 15585:Catechin gallate 15399:Norbuprenorphine 15239:Dihydroetorphine 15089: 15088: 14953:Methylnaltrexone 14845:Catechin gallate 14800:β-Funaltrexamine 14212:Dihydroetorphine 13955: 13954: 13930: 13923: 13916: 13907: 13906: 13796: 13734:Thiocolchicoside 13544:Hydroxybupropion 13439:Dextromethorphan 13311:Allopregnanolone 13265: 13261: 13164:Suberyldicholine 12874:6-Chloronicotine 12861: 12857: 12846: 12845: 12842: 12838: 12818: 12811: 12804: 12795: 12794: 12753: 12740:Antagonist-like: 12634:Deutetrabenazine 12584: 12580: 12524:MIN-117 (WF-516) 12489:Dextromethorphan 11861:6-Nitroquipazine 11851: 11850: 11845: 11841: 11836: 11834: 11830: 11257:Hydroxybupropion 11141: 11140: 11135: 11131: 11126: 11124: 11120: 11014:MIN-117 (WF-516) 10954:Hydroxybupropion 10894:Diphenylpyraline 10625:Diphenylprolinol 10488: 10487: 10482: 10478: 10473: 10471: 10467: 10450: 10443: 10436: 10427: 10426: 10272: 10225:Trichloroethanol 9785:Dextromethorphan 9538: 9322: 9311: 9307: 9249: 9241: 9208: 9200: 9192: 9149: 9103: 9074: 9070: 8832: 8828: 8663:Fanapanel (MPQX) 8423: 8419: 8399: 8392: 8385: 8376: 8375: 8366:Pharmacodynamics 8361: 8360: 8331:Chlordiazepoxide 8305: 8301: 8251:Dihydroetorphine 8199: 8195: 8159: 8155: 8085: 8059: 8055: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7975: 7974: 7962: 7959:Sodium oxybate ( 7915:dextromethorphan 7836: 7832: 7755: 7751: 7729: 7725: 7710: 7706: 7681:Neuropathic pain 7674: 7667: 7660: 7651: 7650: 7337:Calcium blockers 7333: 7332: 7229: 7178: 7004: 6992:COX-2 inhibitors 6958: 6877:Tiaprofenic acid 6848: 6835: 6827: 6798: 6797: 6675: 6455: 6394: 6366: 6338: 6255: 6254: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6165: 6164: 6154: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6120:ESPN Caso Robson 6112: 6106: 6105: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5927:. Archived from 5921: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5789: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5718: 5712: 5711: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5656: 5647: 5646: 5638: 5632: 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5595:. Archived from 5589: 5583: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5563: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5434: 5428: 5427: 5391: 5374: 5373: 5356:(136): 186–187. 5345: 5339: 5338: 5330: 5324: 5323: 5313: 5304:(515): 444–451. 5289: 5283: 5282: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5245: 5236:(8): 1175–1178. 5221: 5215: 5214: 5204: 5180: 5174: 5173: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5051: 5043: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5017: 4993: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4969:. Archived from 4946: 4940: 4939: 4903: 4892: 4891: 4881: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4817:. Archived from 4794: 4788: 4787: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4749: 4717: 4704: 4703: 4693: 4661: 4652: 4651: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4551: 4545: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4495: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4463: 4457: 4456: 4446: 4436: 4412: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4358: 4349: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4270: 4251: 4250: 4240: 4230: 4213:(11): e0241362. 4198: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4146: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4110: 4079: 4078: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4006: 3996: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3954: 3941: 3940: 3935:. Archived from 3925: 3906: 3905: 3900:. Archived from 3890: 3853: 3852: 3841: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3713: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3676: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3612:(7): 1095–1109. 3601: 3595: 3594: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3549: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3508: 3476: 3467: 3466: 3456: 3454:10.3310/hta11090 3432: 3426: 3425: 3413: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3380: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3331: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3246: 3240: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3144:10.7326/M14-2559 3126: 3120: 3119: 3109: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3068: 3057: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3010: 2986: 2973: 2972: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2948:(5–6): 347–364. 2937: 2922: 2921: 2908:(7): 1353–1358. 2893: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2866: 2849:(949): 654–659. 2840: 2831: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2800: 2767: 2766: 2730: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2698:nctr-crs.fda.gov 2690: 2684: 2683: 2663: 2657: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2586: 2567:drug trafficking 2224:The most common 2211: 2199: 2187: 2090:dextromethorphan 2087: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1718: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1682: 1675: 1668: 1661: 1653: 1366:(fast heartbeat) 1333:, vomiting, and 1314:Hyperventilation 1304:(dilated pupils) 1113:Heat intolerance 1082:delphic analysis 1058:neuropathic pain 981:Opioid addiction 951:opioid receptors 860: 859: 852: 782: 762: 750: 747: 741: 735: 718: 707: 696: 695: 681: 679: 664: 644: 624: 604: 584: 564: 544: 524: 514: 513: 499: 423: 366:100% intravenous 340: 333: 330: 321: 318: 310: 307: 298: 295: 287: 284: 281:(Narcotic drugs) 274: 271: 261: 258: 236: 226: 216: 151: 148: 130: 119: 116: 103: 89: 47: 36:Skeletal formula 33: 26: 24: 20: 17212: 17211: 17207: 17206: 17205: 17203: 17202: 17201: 17132:1937 in Germany 17127:1937 in biology 17117: 17116: 17115: 17105: 17103: 17095: 17093: 17088: 17087: 17082: 16964: 16927: 16858: 16843: 16784: 16706: 16698: 16690: 16686: 16678: 16655: 16643: 16439:Binaltorphimine 16384:6β-Naltrexol-d4 16347: 15966:Ethylketazocine 15921:Dihydromorphine 15741: 15729: 15540:6β-Naltrexol-d4 15513: 15269:Ethylketazocine 15244:Dihydromorphine 15084: 15072: 14780:6β-Naltrexol-d4 14733: 14532:Oxymorphonazine 14287:Furanylfentanyl 14217:Dihydromorphine 14072:Benzhydrocodone 13961: 13959: 13950: 13942: 13937:Opioid receptor 13934: 13904: 13899: 13873: 13795: 13783: 13389:Chlorisondamine 13263: 13256: 13248: 12859: 12852: 12840: 12830: 12822: 12792: 12787: 12747: 12725:DAT modulators: 12703: 12604:methamphetamine 12582: 12568: 12479:Cyclobenzaprine 12421:diphenhydramine 12409:brompheniramine 12383: 12312: 12111: 12077:Levomilnacipran 12035: 11843: 11835: 11832: 11818: 11716:brompheniramine 11700: 11664: 11588: 11387: 11348:Levomilnacipran 11311: 11282:Methylphenidate 11225: 11133: 11125: 11122: 11108: 10795: 10649: 10613: 10584:Methylphenidate 10559:Desoxypipradrol 10537: 10480: 10472: 10469: 10459: 10454: 10424: 10419: 10387: 10285:Flufenamic acid 10220:Trichloroethane 9995:Rhynchophylline 9915:Methoxphenidine 9880:Levomilnacipran 9780:Dextromethadone 9705:α-Endopsychosin 9309: 9221:Dimethylglycine 9131:Quinolinic acid 9072: 9062: 8900:Quisqualic acid 8830: 8820: 8476:Quisqualic acid 8421: 8411: 8403: 8368: 8358: 8353: 8316:Benzodiazepines 8303: 8284: 8197: 8178: 8157: 8068: 8057: 8013: 8006:drug dependence 8002: 7972: 7967: 7857: 7834: 7781:Anticonvulsants 7767: 7753: 7727: 7708: 7690: 7678: 7648: 7643: 7642: 7627:Clinical trials 7606: 7587:Phenazopyridine 7525: 7506:Cyclobenzaprine 7478: 7460: 7442: 7385:Sodium blockers 7379: 7327: 7320: 7278: 7237: 7227: 7186: 7176: 7070: 7066:Tolfenamic acid 7051:Flufenamic acid 7037: 7002: 6986: 6956: 6922: 6886: 6846: 6833: 6825: 6787: 6751:+metoclopramide 6692: 6673: 6494: 6453: 6392: 6375:Dihydromorphine 6364: 6336: 6312: 6244: 6230: 6195: 6174: 6169: 6168: 6131: 6127: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6090: 6086: 6076: 6074: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6051: 6049: 6040: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6016: 6000: 5996: 5986: 5984: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5949: 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5931:on 28 July 2020 5923: 5922: 5918: 5908: 5906: 5900: 5896: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5873:on 11 May 2003. 5865: 5864: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5821: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5802: 5800: 5790: 5786: 5774: 5772: 5763: 5754: 5752: 5743: 5734: 5732: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5684: 5680: 5673: 5657: 5650: 5639: 5635: 5625:Wayback Machine 5618:Indro-Online.de 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5581: 5577: 5540: 5536: 5505: 5501: 5488: 5484: 5474: 5472: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5435: 5431: 5392: 5377: 5346: 5342: 5331: 5327: 5290: 5286: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5222: 5218: 5181: 5177: 5138: 5134: 5095: 5091: 5068: 5064: 5059:on 11 May 2013. 5056: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5031: 4994: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4973:on 20 May 2007. 4947: 4943: 4904: 4895: 4879: 4873: 4869: 4838: 4834: 4824: 4822: 4795: 4791: 4784: 4770: 4766: 4718: 4707: 4662: 4655: 4624: 4620: 4593: 4589: 4570: 4566: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4539:Wayback Machine 4530: 4526: 4513: 4512: 4508: 4503:on 21 May 2012. 4500: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4465: 4464: 4460: 4413: 4409: 4372: 4368: 4356: 4350: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4329:medlineplus.gov 4323: 4322: 4315: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4272: 4271: 4254: 4199: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4147: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4082: 4051: 4047: 4024: 4020: 3973: 3969: 3960:. MedicineNet. 3956: 3955: 3944: 3927: 3926: 3909: 3892: 3891: 3856: 3843: 3842: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3747: 3743: 3711:10.1.1.690.1283 3694: 3690: 3659:(3): CD003971. 3645: 3641: 3602: 3598: 3567: 3563: 3526: 3522: 3477: 3470: 3433: 3429: 3422: 3398: 3394: 3349: 3345: 3314:(3): CD002209. 3300: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3247: 3243: 3234: 3230: 3219: 3201: 3197: 3186: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3127: 3123: 3086: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3029: 3028: 3024: 2987: 2976: 2965: 2961: 2938: 2925: 2894: 2887: 2879: 2838: 2832: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2770: 2731: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2680: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2649: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2557:and non-opioid 2543: 2541:Other countries 2530: 2511:Methadone is a 2509: 2504: 2475: 2467: 2462: 2315: 2303: 2297: 2285: 2280: 2222: 2215: 2212: 2203: 2200: 2191: 2188: 2132: 2117: 2113: 2085: 2067:Dextromethadone 2048: 2037: 2032: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2004: 1999:Dextromethadone 1995:hERG K+ channel 1947:hypoventilation 1927:bioavailability 1893:. Methadone is 1815:Dextromethadone 1770: 1760: 1750: 1740: 1730: 1720: 1700: 1697: 1679: 1652: 1628:benzodiazepines 1619: 1610: 1596: 1573:Unconsciousness 1552:Hypoventilation 1530: 1518:benzodiazepines 1503:QT prolongation 1484: 1386: 1291:Lightheadedness 1287: 1263: 1184:lightheadedness 1180:hypoventilation 1066: 1064:Adverse effects 1042: 1002:Cochrane review 983: 978: 855: 853: 850:(what is this?) 847: 842: 839: 834: 829: 828: 817: 814: 809: 808: 796:Racemic mixture 785: 760: 744: 738: 699: 675: 667: 647: 627: 607: 587: 567: 547: 527: 510: 502: 482: 479: 470: 469: 442: 440: 438: 421: 410:Onset of action 375:Protein binding 367: 364: 359:Bioavailability 351:Pharmacokinetic 345: 338: 240: 178: 166: 159: 140: 133: 56: 38: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17210: 17200: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17114: 17113: 17090: 17089: 17084: 17083: 17081: 17080: 17070: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17040: 17039: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17019: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16989: 16984: 16979: 16974: 16969: 16967:-Phenylalanine 16961: 16956: 16951: 16939: 16937: 16933: 16932: 16929: 16928: 16926: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16905: 16900: 16895: 16890: 16885: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16856: 16851: 16849: 16845: 16844: 16842: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16794:Racemethorphan 16791: 16786: 16782: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16741:Levomethorphan 16738: 16733: 16728: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16708: 16704: 16700: 16696: 16692: 16688: 16684: 16680: 16676: 16672: 16666: 16664: 16657: 16649: 16648: 16645: 16644: 16642: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16355: 16353: 16349: 16348: 16346: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16330: 16325: 16303: 16298: 16293: 16288: 16283: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16246:Racemethorphan 16243: 16238: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16188: 16183: 16178: 16173: 16168: 16163: 16158: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16128: 16123: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16066:Levomethorphan 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16038: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16018: 16013: 16008: 16003: 15998: 15993: 15988: 15983: 15978: 15973: 15968: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15948: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15913: 15908: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15868: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15752: 15750: 15743: 15735: 15734: 15731: 15730: 15728: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15692: 15687: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15521: 15519: 15515: 15514: 15512: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15434:Racemethorphan 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15344:Levomethorphan 15341: 15339:Leu-enkephalin 15336: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15095: 15093: 15086: 15078: 15077: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15018:Naltrexonazine 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14741: 14739: 14735: 14734: 14732: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14671: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14619:Racemethorphan 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14586: 14581: 14576: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14549: 14544: 14539: 14534: 14529: 14524: 14519: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14479: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14362:Levomethorphan 14359: 14354: 14352:Leu-enkephalin 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14312:Hydromorphinol 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14207:Dihydrocodeine 14204: 14199: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14172:Dextromoramide 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14104: 14099: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14077:Benzylmorphine 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14049: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14007:Acetylfentanyl 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13974: 13968: 13966: 13952: 13944: 13943: 13933: 13932: 13925: 13918: 13910: 13901: 13900: 13898: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13882: 13878: 13875: 13874: 13872: 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13816: 13811: 13805: 13803: 13789: 13788: 13785: 13784: 13782: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13571: 13569:Kynurenic acid 13566: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13363:κ-bungarotoxin 13359:α-bungarotoxin 13352: 13347: 13333: 13328: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13297:, many others) 13287:α-bungarotoxin 13280: 13275: 13269: 13267: 13250: 13249: 13247: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13219:Tribendimidine 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13144:Sebacylcholine 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13086: 13076: 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13026: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12959:Butyrylcholine 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12865: 12863: 12843: 12832: 12831: 12821: 12820: 12813: 12806: 12798: 12789: 12788: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12746: 12745: 12733: 12721: 12720: 12715:DAT enhancers: 12711: 12709: 12705: 12704: 12702: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12593: 12587: 12585: 12574: 12573: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12566: 12561: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12450: 12439:Antipsychotics 12436: 12433:tripelennamine 12417:dimenhydrinate 12413:chlorphenamine 12405:Antihistamines 12402: 12397: 12388: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12339:Cyanodothiepin 12336: 12331: 12326: 12317: 12314: 12313: 12311: 12310: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12116: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12062:Desvenlafaxine 12059: 12054: 12049: 12040: 12037: 12036: 12034: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11993: 11988: 11979: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11854: 11848: 11824: 11823: 11820: 11819: 11817: 11816: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11745: 11734:Antipsychotics 11731: 11728:tripelennamine 11720:chlorphenamine 11712:Antihistamines 11705: 11702: 11701: 11699: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11669: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11593: 11590: 11589: 11587: 11586: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11392: 11389: 11388: 11386: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11333:Desvenlafaxine 11330: 11325: 11316: 11313: 11312: 11310: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11144: 11138: 11114: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11107: 11106: 11101: 11099:Tripelennamine 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10822:Amfonelic acid 10819: 10814: 10809: 10800: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10618: 10615: 10614: 10612: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10574:Ethylphenidate 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10491: 10485: 10461: 10460: 10453: 10452: 10445: 10438: 10430: 10421: 10420: 10418: 10417: 10410: 10403: 10392: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10385: 10373: 10372: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10195:Methoxyflurane 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10130: 10125: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9940:Nitromemantine 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9875:Levomethorphan 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9795:Dieticyclidine 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9775:Dextrallorphan 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9730:Argiotoxin-636 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9643:Diaminopropane 9640: 9635: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9571:Kynurenic acid 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9361: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9317: 9302: 9286: 9281: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9246: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9205: 9197: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9077: 9075: 9064: 9063: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8972:Kynurenic acid 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8835: 8833: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8818: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8678:Kynurenic acid 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8621: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8426: 8424: 8413: 8412: 8402: 8401: 8394: 8387: 8379: 8373: 8370: 8369: 8355: 8354: 8352: 8351: 8339: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8312: 8294: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8282: 8276: 8265: 8264: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8246:Dihydrocodeine 8243: 8238: 8233: 8216: 8211: 8205: 8188: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8149: 8144: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8125: 8124: 8123: 8111: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8078: 8076: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8066: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8023: 8021: 8015: 8014: 8001: 8000: 7993: 7986: 7978: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7965: 7956: 7922: 7904: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7850: 7827: 7822: 7812: 7777: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7765: 7743: 7720: 7700: 7698: 7696:Monoaminergics 7692: 7691: 7677: 7676: 7669: 7662: 7654: 7645: 7644: 7641: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7635: 7624: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7582:Methoxyflurane 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7533: 7531: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7492: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7470: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7440: 7435: 7434: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7400: 7395: 7389: 7387: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7377: 7372: 7367: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7341: 7339: 7330: 7322: 7321: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7292: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7245: 7243: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7225:Propyphenazone 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7202: 7200:Aminophenazone 7196: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7184: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7080: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7061:Mefenamic acid 7058: 7053: 7047: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 6996: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6841: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6707: 6705: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6531:Dextromoramide 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6411:Hydromorphinol 6408: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6362:Dihydrocodeine 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6331: 6329:Benzylmorphine 6326: 6320: 6318: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6267: 6265: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6229: 6228: 6221: 6214: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6186: 6181: 6173: 6172:External links 6170: 6167: 6166: 6125: 6107: 6084: 6059: 6048:. 16 June 2015 6046:www.samhsa.gov 6033: 6014: 5994: 5968: 5942: 5916: 5894: 5876: 5858: 5844: 5827: 5810: 5798:www.samhsa.gov 5784: 5782: 5781: 5761: 5741: 5713: 5678: 5671: 5648: 5633: 5610: 5584: 5575: 5554:(2): 401–408. 5534: 5499: 5482: 5456: 5429: 5402:(2): 130–141. 5375: 5340: 5325: 5284: 5266: 5257: 5216: 5195:(2): 218–220. 5175: 5132: 5105:(5): 147–148. 5089: 5078:(3): 152–156. 5062: 5038: 5029: 5008:(6): 332–341. 4988: 4976: 4941: 4893: 4867: 4832: 4809:(1): 366–371. 4789: 4782: 4764: 4732:(2): 427–437. 4705: 4676:(3): e034560. 4653: 4628:Neurosci. Lett 4618: 4607:(3): 1263–70. 4587: 4564: 4546: 4524: 4506: 4479: 4458: 4407: 4366: 4341: 4313: 4295: 4252: 4193: 4168: 4161:(2): 428–432. 4122: 4080: 4045: 4018: 3967: 3942: 3907: 3854: 3809: 3784: 3741: 3688: 3639: 3596: 3561: 3540:(4): 554–562. 3520: 3468: 3427: 3420: 3392: 3343: 3294: 3269: 3241: 3228: 3217: 3195: 3184: 3165: 3138:(4): 276–286. 3121: 3080: 3044: 3022: 3001:(8): 462–466. 2974: 2959: 2923: 2885: 2821: 2768: 2741:(7): 879–889. 2714: 2685: 2678: 2658: 2647: 2621:Bye E (1974). 2613: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2542: 2539: 2529: 2526: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2453:Narcotics Farm 2405:noracymethadol 2381:In the 1930s, 2360:dihydrocodeine 2314: 2311: 2301: 2296: 2293: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2182: 2180: 2136:fat solubility 2131: 2128: 2115: 2111: 2107:noncompetitive 2047: 2044: 2035: 2030: 2022: 2016: 2010: 2002: 1983:antiarrhythmic 1915:P-glycoprotein 1873: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1778: 1773: 1763: 1753: 1743: 1733: 1723: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1695: 1686: 1678: 1677: 1670: 1663: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1618: 1615: 1609: 1606: 1595: 1592: 1580: 1579: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1540: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1455: 1453:Panic disorder 1450: 1445: 1440: 1434: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1395: 1392: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1361: 1360:(restlessness) 1355: 1350: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1286: 1283: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1230: 1228:Blurred vision 1225: 1222:disorientation 1211: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1192: 1187: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1065: 1062: 1041: 1038: 982: 979: 977: 974: 958:Gustav Ehrhart 898:and rarely by 862: 861: 844: 843: 841: 840: 837: 835: 832: 824: 823: 822: 819: 818: 816: 815: 812: 804: 803: 802: 799: 798: 793: 787: 786: 784: 783: 775: 773: 765: 764: 758: 752: 751: 742: 736: 731: 725: 724: 720: 719: 709: 701: 700: 698: 697: 684: 682: 669: 668: 666: 665: 657: 655: 649: 648: 646: 645: 637: 635: 629: 628: 626: 625: 617: 615: 609: 608: 606: 605: 597: 595: 589: 588: 586: 585: 577: 575: 569: 568: 566: 565: 557: 555: 549: 548: 546: 545: 537: 535: 529: 528: 526: 525: 517: 515: 504: 503: 501: 500: 492: 490: 484: 483: 481: 480: 473: 465: 464: 463: 460: 459: 455: 454: 451: 445: 444: 439:Prolonged use: 435: 429: 428: 427:15 to 55 hours 425: 416: 415: 412: 406: 405: 387: 381: 380: 377: 371: 370: 361: 355: 354: 347: 346: 344: 343: 328: 316: 305: 293: 282: 269: 255: 253: 247: 246: 242: 241: 239: 238: 205: 203: 197: 196: 191: 185: 184: 181: 179:administration 173: 172: 169: 161: 160: 158: 157: 155: 145: 143: 135: 134: 132: 131: 113: 111: 105: 104: 97: 91: 90: 83: 73: 72: 69: 63: 62: 58: 57: 48: 40: 39: 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17209: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17124: 17122: 17112: 17102: 17101: 17098: 17078: 17075: 17072: 17071: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17062:Pronociceptin 17060: 17058: 17057:Proenkephalin 17055: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17042: 17041: 17038: 17035: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17025: 17023: 17020: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16995: 16993: 16990: 16988: 16985: 16983: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16962: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16941: 16940: 16938: 16934: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16909: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16899: 16896: 16894: 16891: 16889: 16886: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16853: 16852: 16850: 16846: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16779: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16716:Buprenorphine 16714: 16712: 16709: 16707: 16701: 16699: 16693: 16691: 16681: 16679: 16673: 16671: 16668: 16667: 16665: 16661: 16658: 16654: 16650: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16449:Buprenorphine 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16399:Amentoflavone 16397: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16356: 16354: 16350: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16323: 16322:nortriptyline 16319: 16315: 16311: 16310:amitriptyline 16307: 16304: 16302: 16299: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16287: 16284: 16282: 16279: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16266: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16187: 16184: 16182: 16179: 16177: 16174: 16172: 16169: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16132: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16042: 16039: 16037: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16016:Hydromorphone 16014: 16012: 16009: 16007: 16004: 16002: 15999: 15997: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15987: 15984: 15982: 15979: 15977: 15974: 15972: 15969: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15931:Diprenorphine 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15911:Difelikefalin 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15891:Cyprenorphine 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15867: 15864: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15836:Big dynorphin 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15756:3CS-nalmefene 15754: 15753: 15751: 15747: 15744: 15740: 15736: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15691: 15688: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15600:Diprenorphine 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15522: 15520: 15516: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15304:Hydromorphone 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15214:Deltorphin II 15212: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15099:3CS-nalmefene 15097: 15096: 15094: 15090: 15087: 15083: 15079: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14948:Methocinnamox 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14908:Ginsenoside R 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14878:Diprenorphine 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14755:3CS-nalmefene 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14742: 14740: 14736: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14680: 14677: 14675: 14672: 14670: 14667: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14585: 14584:Phencyclidine 14582: 14580: 14577: 14575: 14572: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14559: 14555: 14554: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14538: 14535: 14533: 14530: 14528: 14527:Oxymorphazone 14525: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14478: 14475: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14317:Hydromorphone 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14262:Ethylmorphine 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14252:Endomorphin-2 14250: 14248: 14247:Endomorphin-1 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14227:Diphenoxylate 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14112:Butyrfentanyl 14110: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14098: 14097:Buprenorphine 14095: 14093: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14012:Acrylfentanyl 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13987:ψ-Akuammigine 13985: 13983: 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13956: 13953: 13949: 13945: 13941: 13938: 13931: 13926: 13924: 13919: 13917: 13912: 13911: 13908: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13888: 13886: 13883: 13880: 13879: 13876: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13824: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13806: 13804: 13800: 13794: 13790: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13679:Phencyclidine 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13649:Nitrous oxide 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13589:Levomethadone 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13575: 13572: 13570: 13567: 13565: 13562: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13534:Hexafluronium 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13424:Decamethonium 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13394:Cisatracurium 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13364: 13360: 13356: 13355:Bungarotoxins 13353: 13351: 13348: 13345: 13341: 13340:pentobarbital 13337: 13334: 13332: 13329: 13327: 13324: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13296: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13283:α-Neurotoxins 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13270: 13268: 13262: 13255: 13251: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13084: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12984:Decamethonium 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12919:Acetylcholine 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12866: 12864: 12858: 12851: 12847: 12844: 12839: 12833: 12829: 12826: 12819: 12814: 12812: 12807: 12805: 12800: 12799: 12796: 12785: 12784: 12780: 12776: 12775:Serotonergics 12772: 12771:Dopaminergics 12768: 12764: 12760: 12757: 12750: 12744: 12741: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12728:Agonist-like: 12726: 12723: 12722: 12719: 12716: 12713: 12712: 12710: 12706: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12689:Tetrabenazine 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12609: 12605: 12601: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12588: 12586: 12581: 12575: 12565: 12562: 12559: 12555: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12474: 12473:phencyclidine 12470: 12469:methoxetamine 12466: 12462: 12458: 12454: 12451: 12448: 12444: 12440: 12437: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12410: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12390: 12389: 12386: 12380: 12379:Protriptyline 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12369:Nortriptyline 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12324:Amitriptyline 12322: 12319: 12318: 12315: 12308: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12288:Tedatioxetine 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12148:Centanafadine 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12118: 12117: 12114: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12092:N-Methyl-PPPA 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12038: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11931:Norfluoxetine 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11871:Centpropazine 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11856: 11855: 11852: 11849: 11842: 11831: 11825: 11814: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11794: 11793:desmetramadol 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11773:Ginkgo biloba 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11757: 11756:phencyclidine 11753: 11749: 11746: 11743: 11739: 11735: 11732: 11729: 11725: 11721: 11717: 11713: 11710: 11707: 11706: 11703: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11667: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11655:Protriptyline 11653: 11651: 11650:Nortriptyline 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11600:Amitriptyline 11598: 11595: 11594: 11591: 11584: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11564:Tedatioxetine 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11424:Centanafadine 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11390: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11363:N-Methyl-PPPA 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11314: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11232: 11231: 11228: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11146: 11145: 11142: 11139: 11132: 11121: 11115: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11089:Tedatioxetine 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10854: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10802: 10801: 10798: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10711:Ioflupane (I) 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10656: 10655: 10652: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10622:Pyrrolidines: 10620: 10619: 10616: 10610: 10609:Tenocyclidine 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10594:Phencyclidine 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10544: 10543: 10540: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10493: 10492: 10489: 10486: 10479: 10468: 10462: 10458: 10451: 10446: 10444: 10439: 10437: 10432: 10431: 10428: 10416: 10415: 10411: 10409: 10408: 10404: 10402: 10401: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10390: 10384: 10381: 10378: 10375: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10365:Transcrocetin 10363: 10361: 10360:Psychotridine 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10340:Niflumic acid 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10200:Nitrous oxide 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10165:Diethyl ether 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10099: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10020:Tenocyclidine 10018: 10016: 10015:Tabernanthine 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10005:Rolicyclidine 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9980:Phencyclidine 9978: 9976: 9975:Phencyclamine 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9910:Methoxetamine 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9870:Levomethadone 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9830:Fluorolintane 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9411:Kaitocephalin 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9362: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9328: 9324: 9318: 9315: 9308: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9247: 9245: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9206: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9146: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9116:Ibotenic acid 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9071: 9065: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9028:pentobarbital 9025: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8967:Kaitocephalin 8965: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8937: 8936: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8912:Cyclothiazide 8910: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8880:Ibotenic acid 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8814: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8744: 8740: 8739:pentobarbital 8736: 8733: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8673:Kaitocephalin 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8623: 8622: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8493:Cyclothiazide 8491: 8489: 8486: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8466:Ibotenic acid 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8425: 8420: 8414: 8410: 8407: 8400: 8395: 8393: 8388: 8386: 8381: 8380: 8377: 8371: 8367: 8362: 8349: 8348:Phenobarbital 8345: 8344: 8340: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8318: 8317: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8287: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8271: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8226:Buprenorphine 8224: 8223: 8222: 8221: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8200: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8181: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8122: 8121:Nitrous oxide 8119: 8118: 8117: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8087: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8071: 8064: 8060: 8056: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8016: 8011: 8007: 8004:Treatment of 7999: 7994: 7992: 7987: 7985: 7980: 7979: 7976: 7964: 7957: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7945:buprenorphine 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7923: 7920: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7905: 7902: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7854: 7851: 7848: 7844: 7843:nortriptyline 7840: 7839:amitriptyline 7833: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7816: 7813: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7801:oxcarbazepine 7798: 7797:carbamazepine 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7770: 7763: 7759: 7752: 7747: 7744: 7741: 7737: 7736:nortriptyline 7733: 7732:amitriptyline 7726: 7721: 7718: 7714: 7707: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7686: 7682: 7675: 7670: 7668: 7663: 7661: 7656: 7655: 7652: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7528: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7516:Methocarbamol 7514: 7512: 7511:Mephenoxalone 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7501:Chlorzoxazone 7499: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7475: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7437: 7436: 7432: 7431:amitriptyline 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7393:Carbamazepine 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7382: 7376: 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7323: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7285: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7240: 7233: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6962: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6852: 6851:Dexketoprofen 6845: 6842: 6839: 6831: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6790: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6626:Phenoperidine 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6556:Ethoheptazine 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6416:Hydromorphone 6414: 6412: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6385:Ethylmorphine 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6335: 6334:Buprenorphine 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317:Semisynthetic 6315: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6227: 6222: 6220: 6215: 6213: 6208: 6207: 6204: 6191: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6129: 6121: 6117: 6111: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6088: 6073: 6069: 6063: 6047: 6043: 6037: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6007: 6006: 5998: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5930: 5926: 5920: 5905: 5898: 5890: 5886: 5880: 5872: 5868: 5862: 5854: 5848: 5837: 5831: 5820: 5814: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5717: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5682: 5674: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5655: 5653: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5614: 5598: 5594: 5588: 5579: 5571: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5538: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5503: 5495: 5494: 5486: 5470: 5466: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5441:(in German). 5440: 5433: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5344: 5336: 5329: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5261: 5253: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5179: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5136: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5066: 5055: 5048: 5042: 5033: 5025: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4945: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4889: 4885: 4878: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4836: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4785: 4779: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4658: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4622: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4591: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4543: 4540: 4536: 4533: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4499: 4492: 4491: 4483: 4472: 4468: 4462: 4454: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4362: 4355: 4348: 4346: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4115: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4055:Dental Update 4049: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3850: 3847:. Drugs.com. 3846: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3798: 3794: 3788: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3692: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3473: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3423: 3421:9789290614302 3417: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3298: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3264: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3238: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3218:9781506338248 3214: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3191: 3187: 3185:9780203633090 3181: 3177: 3176: 3169: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3084: 3065: 3061: 3054: 3048: 3032: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2970: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2892: 2890: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2837: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2681: 2679:9781455701506 2675: 2671: 2670: 2662: 2656: 2651: 2642: 2637: 2633: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2617: 2602: 2598: 2596: 2591: 2585: 2581: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2538: 2536: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2470: 2457: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2374:(OxyContin), 2373: 2369: 2368:hydromorphone 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2319: 2310: 2308: 2292: 2290: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2252:United States 2249: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2210: 2205: 2198: 2193: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2083: 2079: 2076: 2075:glutamatergic 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2051:Levomethadone 2043: 2041: 2040:levomethadone 2028: 2020: 2008: 2007:Levomethadone 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:NMDA receptor 1884: 1880: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1846:Levomethadone 1843: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1769: 1759: 1749: 1739: 1729: 1719: 1713: 1699: 1690: 1683: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1657: 1656: 1647: 1645: 1639: 1637: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1614: 1605: 1602: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1489: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186:, or fainting 1185: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1083: 1078: 1070: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1054:NMDA receptor 1051: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1018: 1016: 1010: 1006: 1003: 998: 996: 992: 988: 973: 971: 967: 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 907: 905: 901: 897: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 858: 851: 845: 836: 831: 830: 827: 820: 811: 810: 807: 800: 797: 794: 792: 788: 781: 777: 776: 774: 771: 766: 759: 757: 753: 732: 730: 726: 721: 717: 713: 710: 708: 706:ECHA InfoCard 702: 694: 690: 689:DTXSID7023273 686: 685: 683: 674: 670: 663: 659: 658: 656: 654: 650: 643: 639: 638: 636: 634: 630: 623: 619: 618: 616: 614: 610: 603: 599: 598: 596: 594: 590: 583: 579: 578: 576: 574: 570: 563: 559: 558: 556: 554: 550: 543: 539: 538: 536: 534: 530: 523: 519: 518: 516: 509: 505: 498: 494: 493: 491: 489: 485: 477: 472: 471: 468: 461: 456: 453:Urine, faeces 452: 450: 446: 436: 434: 430: 426: 424: 417: 413: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 388: 386: 382: 378: 376: 372: 368: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 341: 329: 327: 317: 315: 306: 303: 294: 292: 283: 280: 270: 267: 257: 256: 254: 252: 248: 243: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 207: 206: 204: 202: 198: 195: 192: 190: 186: 182: 180: 174: 170: 168: 162: 156: 147: 146: 144: 142: 136: 129: 124: 115: 114: 112: 110: 106: 102: 98: 96: 92: 88: 84: 82: 78: 74: 70: 68: 64: 61:Clinical data 59: 55: 52:based on the 51: 46: 41: 37: 32: 27: 19: 17167:HERG blocker 17073: 17052:Prodynorphin 17044:Propeptides: 17043: 16942: 16913:Thienorphine 16736:JNJ-19385899 16721:Cebranopadol 16703:Ac-RYYRIK-NH 16695:Ac-RYYRWK-NH 16379:6β-Naltrexol 16296:Thienorphine 16261:Salvinorin A 16061:Levallorphan 15866:Cebranopadol 15725:Thienorphine 15535:6β-Naltrexol 15319:JNJ-20788560 15314:Isomethadone 15209:Deltorphin I 15204:Deltorphin A 15184:Cebranopadol 15179:Casokefamide 15013:Naltrexazone 15003:Naloxonazine 14928:Levallorphan 14775:6β-Naltrexol 14674:Thienorphine 14629:Remifentanil 14551: 14482:Nicomorphine 14477:Nicodicodine 14432:Morphiceptin 14406: 14332:Ketobemidone 14167:Desomorphine 14152:DAMGO (DAGO) 14132:Cebranopadol 14127:Casokefamide 13764:Tubocurarine 13694:Promegestone 13689:Progesterone 13613: 13604:Mecamylamine 13414:Cyclopropane 13404:Coronaridine 13336:Barbiturates 13321:Anatruxonium 13291:α-cobratoxin 13134:Sazetidine A 13054:JNJ-39393406 13044:Ispronicline 12755: 12754: 12739: 12727: 12724: 12714: 12624:Bietaserpine 12596:Amphetamines 12541: 12519:Mifepristone 12509:Medifoxamine 12391: 12334:Clomipramine 12329:Cianopramine 12320: 12173:Diclofensine 12143:Brasofensine 12119: 12043: 12031:Vortioxetine 11982: 11901:Escitalopram 11857: 11796: 11779:Indeloxazine 11771: 11708: 11691:Oxaprotiline 11672: 11660:Trimipramine 11615:Clomipramine 11610:Cianopramine 11605:Butriptyline 11596: 11449:Diclofensine 11419:Brasofensine 11395: 11319: 11307:Solriamfetol 11233: 11216:Teniloxazine 11176:Esreboxetine 11147: 11079:Solriamfetol 10999:Medifoxamine 10889:Dimethocaine 10879:Diclofensine 10851: 10803: 10691:Difluoropine 10686:Dichloropane 10671:Brasofensine 10657: 10645:Pyrovalerone 10621: 10546:Piperidines: 10545: 10495:Piperazines: 10494: 10412: 10405: 10396: 10395: 10379: 10376: 10248: 10155:Cyclopropane 10136: 10119: 10097: 10033: 9985:Propoxyphene 9955:Orphenadrine 9899: 9860:Ketobemidone 9825:Eticyclidine 9760:Coronaridine 9745:ARL-15896-AR 9661: 9629: 9541:-Cycloserine 9523:Carisoprodol 9479: 9367: 9365:Antagonists: 9364: 9297: 9292: 9275: 9203:-Cycloserine 9144: 9083: 9080: 9024:Barbiturates 9020: 8997:Selurampanel 8952:Dasolampanel 8939:Antagonists: 8938: 8908: 8841: 8838: 8812: 8749:Cyclopropane 8735:Barbiturates 8731: 8703:Selurampanel 8653:Dasolampanel 8625:Antagonists: 8624: 8608:Pramiracetam 8484: 8432: 8429: 8343:Barbiturates 8341: 8314: 8297: 8267: 8240: 8218: 8191: 8151: 8127: 8113: 8081: 8051: 8042:Mecamylamine 7940: 7918: 7889:Cannabinoids 7874:Benfotiamine 7685:fibromyalgia 7521:Orphenadrine 7496:Carisoprodol 7488:Myorelaxants 7438: 7288:Cannabinoids 7254:Floctafenine 7159:Salicylamide 6838:+paracetamol 6830:Dexibuprofen 6818:Flurbiprofen 6808:Benoxaprofen 6783:Propacetamol 6773:Parapropamol 6741:+hydrocodone 6682:+paracetamol 6651:Remifentanil 6641:Proheptazine 6585: 6571:Ketobemidone 6511:Alphaprodine 6458:+paracetamol 6446:Nicomorphine 6441:Nicodicodine 6397:+paracetamol 6369:+paracetamol 6352:Desomorphine 6281:+paracetamol 6142: 6138: 6128: 6119: 6110: 6097: 6087: 6075:. Retrieved 6071: 6062: 6050:. Retrieved 6045: 6036: 6024:. Retrieved 6004: 5997: 5985:. Retrieved 5971: 5959:. Retrieved 5945: 5933:. Retrieved 5929:the original 5919: 5907:. Retrieved 5897: 5879: 5871:the original 5861: 5847: 5830: 5813: 5801:. Retrieved 5797: 5787: 5773:. Retrieved 5753:. Retrieved 5749:the original 5733:. Retrieved 5729:the original 5716: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5665:. ABC-CLIO. 5661: 5642: 5636: 5613: 5601:. Retrieved 5597:the original 5587: 5578: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5515:(3): 13–16. 5512: 5508: 5502: 5492: 5485: 5473:. Retrieved 5468: 5459: 5445:(1): 52–86. 5442: 5438: 5432: 5399: 5395: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5334: 5328: 5301: 5297: 5287: 5278: 5269: 5260: 5233: 5229: 5219: 5192: 5188: 5178: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5075: 5071: 5065: 5054:the original 5041: 5032: 5005: 5001: 4991: 4979: 4971:the original 4958: 4954: 4944: 4911: 4907: 4887: 4883: 4870: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4823:. 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Retrieved 2593: 2584: 2571: 2544: 2531: 2510: 2494: 2483: 2476: 2468: 2450: 2445: 2444:(pain), and 2441: 2437:Adolf Hitler 2422: 2418: 2413:normethadone 2401:Isomethadone 2399: 2396: 2380: 2370:(Dilaudid), 2352:nicomorphine 2350:(Permonid), 2348:desomorphine 2324: 2298: 2295:Conformation 2286: 2272: 2268: 2256:Alka-Seltzer 2245: 2233: 2223: 2172: 2164: 2162: 2133: 2081: 2070: 2054: 2049: 1966:QTc interval 1963: 1959: 1951:constipation 1876: 1650:Pharmacology 1643: 1640: 1632: 1623: 1620: 1611: 1597: 1581: 1531: 1485: 1402:Spontaneous 1377:hypertension 1267: 1264: 1214:Mood changes 1108:Perspiration 1098:Constipation 1087: 1043: 1027: 1019: 1011: 1007: 999: 984: 976:Medical uses 962:Max Bockmühl 955: 949:and acts on 931:opioid abuse 908: 883:chronic pain 874: 870: 866: 865: 854: 848: 475: 420:Elimination 365: 251:Legal status 245:Legal status 109:License data 18: 17162:Euphoriants 16982:Kelatorphan 16959:Candoxatril 16848:Antagonists 16799:Racemorphan 16766:NNC 63-0532 16751:Lexanopadol 16746:Levorphanol 16624:Quadazocine 16609:Pawhuskin A 16604:Noribogaine 16594:Navacaprant 16584:Naltrindole 16504:Epicatechin 16469:Clocinnamox 16352:Antagonists 16314:desipramine 16281:Samidorphan 16251:Racemorphan 16236:Phenazocine 16226:Pentazocine 16206:Norketamine 16201:Noribogaine 16161:Nalfurafine 16126:Mirtazapine 16116:Metkefamide 16076:Lexanopadol 16071:Levorphanol 16051:Laudanosine 16036:ICI-204,448 16031:ICI-199,441 16001:Hemorphin-4 15961:Erinacine E 15946:Eluxadoline 15936:Dynorphin A 15881:Cyclazocine 15856:Butorphanol 15841:Bremazocine 15816:Asimadoline 15806:Allomatrine 15796:Akuammicine 15705:Quadazocine 15700:Pawhuskin A 15695:Noribogaine 15680:Naltrindole 15620:Epicatechin 15615:Eluxadoline 15590:Clocinnamox 15518:Antagonists 15449:Samidorphan 15439:Racemorphan 15419:Oxymorphone 15379:Mitragynine 15374:Metkefamide 15354:Lexanopadol 15349:Levorphanol 15334:Laudanosine 15299:Hydrocodone 15294:Hemorphin-4 15194:Cyclazocine 15169:Butorphanol 15144:β-Endorphin 15063:Samidorphan 15058:Quadazocine 15048:Pawhuskin A 15038:Noribogaine 15028:Naltrindole 14963:Naldemedine 14893:Epicatechin 14850:Clocinnamox 14738:Antagonists 14709:Tubotaiwine 14694:Trimebutine 14624:Racemorphan 14594:Piritramide 14579:Phenazocine 14564:Pentazocine 14537:Oxymorphone 14502:Oliceridine 14487:Norketamine 14472:Nicocodeine 14457:Naltalimide 14422:Mitragynine 14412:Metkefamide 14382:Loxicodegol 14372:Lexanopadol 14367:Levorphanol 14342:Laudanosine 14307:Hydrocodone 14302:Hodgkinsine 14292:Hemorphin-4 14282:Frakefamide 14242:Embutramide 14237:Dynorphin A 14197:Eluxadoline 14187:Dimenoxadol 14122:Carfentanil 14107:Butorphanol 14082:Bezitramide 14052:β-Endorphin 14042:Anileridine 14032:Akuammidine 14027:Akuammicine 13997:α-Narcotine 13869:Pirisudanol 13834:Cyprodenate 13814:Adafenoxate 13729:Surugatoxin 13719:Sevoflurane 13674:Pentolinium 13654:Norketamine 13574:Laudanosine 13504:Erythravine 13494:Encenicline 13479:Dipyrandium 13449:Dextrorphan 13295:α-conotoxin 13254:Antagonists 13239:WAY-317,538 13234:Varenicline 13224:Tropisetron 13214:Tebanicline 13159:SSR-180,711 13124:Rivanicline 13114:Pozanicline 13109:PNU-282,987 13104:PNU-120,596 13099:PHA-709,829 13094:PHA-543,613 13034:Galantamine 13009:Epiboxidine 13004:Epibatidine 12924:Altinicline 12767:Adrenergics 12694:Valbenazine 12684:Rose bengal 12629:Deserpidine 12600:amphetamine 12550:levorphanol 12494:Dextrorphan 12447:ziprasidone 12429:pheniramine 12364:Lofepramine 12344:Desipramine 12293:Tesofensine 12283:Sibutramine 12258:Perafensine 12218:JNJ-7925476 12213:Indatraline 12158:Dasotraline 12128:Amifitadine 12107:Venlafaxine 12087:Milnacipran 11986:Etoperidone 11966:Seproxetine 11956:Pirandamine 11936:Omiloxetine 11916:Fluvoxamine 11876:Cericlamine 11866:Alaproclate 11813:levorphanol 11742:ziprasidone 11724:pheniramine 11696:Setiptiline 11681:Maprotiline 11640:Lofepramine 11620:Desipramine 11569:Tesofensine 11559:Sibutramine 11534:Perafensine 11494:JNJ-7925476 11489:Indatraline 11434:Dasotraline 11404:Amifitadine 11383:Venlafaxine 11358:Milnacipran 11287:Nomifensine 11252:Fencamfamin 11181:Lortalamine 11171:Edivoxetine 11161:Ciclazindol 11156:Alseroxylon 11104:Venlafaxine 11084:Tametraline 11074:Sibutramine 11049:Perafensine 11029:Nomifensine 10959:Indatraline 10934:Fencamfamin 10909:DOV-216,303 10904:DOV-102,677 10864:Dasotraline 10859:Ciclazindol 10817:Armodafinil 10812:Amifitadine 10761:Tesofensine 10569:Difemetorex 10345:Pentamidine 10330:Minocycline 10310:Hodgkinsine 10280:Dexanabinol 10210:Sevoflurane 10064:Isoxsuprine 10059:Haloperidol 10039:Besonprodil 10000:Rimantadine 9950:Norketamine 9945:Noribogaine 9920:Milnacipran 9885:Levorphanol 9835:Gacyclidine 9805:Dizocilpine 9800:Diphenidine 9790:Dextrorphan 9710:Alaproclate 9653:Huperzine A 9606:Meprobamate 9566:Harkoseride 9461:Perzinfotel 9338:Plazinemdor 8885:Kainic acid 8870:Domoic acid 8816:Minocycline 8804:Sevoflurane 8481:Willardiine 8456:Domoic acid 8097:Acamprosate 8047:Varenicline 7929:hydrocodone 7847:desipramine 7809:lamotrigine 7793:mirogabalin 7717:milnacipran 7623:from market 7567:Frunevetmab 7547:Bedinvetmab 7456:PF-05089771 7365:Mirogabalin 7326:Ion channel 7296:Cannabidiol 7249:Benzydamine 7192:Pyrazolones 7174:Wintergreen 7124:Ethenzamide 7119:Dipyrocetyl 7076:Salicylates 7018:Lumiracoxib 6954:Indometacin 6882:Zaltoprofen 6801:Propionates 6711:Acetanilide 6702:Paracetamol 6636:Piritramide 6621:Phenazocine 6616:Phenadoxone 6606:Pentazocine 6601:Oliceridine 6596:Norpipanone 6565:+fluanisone 6546:Dimenoxadol 6526:Carfentanil 6521:Bezitramide 6516:Anileridine 6485:Papaveretum 6480:Oxymorphone 6474:+naltrexone 6436:Nicocodeine 6421:Levorphanol 6390:Hydrocodone 6347:Butorphanol 6292:+naltrexone 6077:15 February 6052:15 February 6042:"Methadone" 5987:28 February 5961:28 February 5935:29 December 5471:(in German) 5142:Circulation 4890:(1): 19–34. 4848:(1): 5–26. 4386:(7): 1027. 4334:13 November 4308:MedlinePlus 4278:MedlinePlus 4186:20 November 3958:"Methadone" 3898:MedlinePlus 3894:"Methadone" 3845:"Methadone" 3577:: 241–248. 3073:22 December 3031:"Methadone" 2814:22 December 2606:22 November 2465:Brand names 2376:hydrocodone 2364:oxymorphone 2344:diamorphine 2274:nowadays 2270:difficult. 2027:bupivacaine 2005:of ~12 μM. 1991:cardiotoxic 1937:. Its main 1909:, and is a 1895:metabolized 1865:2,800–3,400 1834:2,600–7,400 1803:2,500–8,300 1457:Nervousness 1364:Tachycardia 1308:Photophobia 1298:of the eyes 1270:tooth decay 1194:Memory loss 1190:Weight gain 1022:maintenance 943:QT interval 763: g·mol 712:100.000.907 458:Identifiers 342:Schedule II 95:MedlinePlus 67:Trade names 17121:Categories 17077:Kyotorphin 17022:Spinorphin 16903:SB-612,111 16898:Nocistatin 16868:BAN-ORL-24 16819:SCH-486757 16814:SCH-221510 16653:Nociceptin 16614:PF-4455242 16589:Naringenin 16579:Naltrexone 16539:LY-2795050 16534:LY-2459989 16529:LY-2444296 16524:LY-2196044 16509:Hyperoside 16424:Aticaprant 16318:imipramine 16241:Proxorphan 16216:Oxilorphan 16186:Niravoline 16176:Nalorphine 16151:Nalbuphine 16136:Moxazocine 16111:Metazocine 16081:Lofentanil 16046:Ketazocine 16006:Herkinorin 15986:Gemazocine 15976:Fedotozine 15956:Eptazocine 15886:Cyclorphan 15871:Ciprefadol 15690:Naringenin 15670:Naltrexone 15665:Nalorphine 15640:LY-2196044 15630:ICI-174864 15625:ICI-154129 15570:Bevenopran 15545:α-Santolol 15509:Zenazocine 15489:Tonazocine 15444:RWJ-394674 15429:Proglumide 15369:Metazocine 15359:Lofentanil 15289:Fluorophen 15053:Rimonabant 15043:Oxilorphan 15033:Naringenin 15023:Naltrexone 14988:Naloxazone 14978:Nalorphine 14943:LY-2196044 14913:Hyperoside 14903:Gemazocine 14898:Eptazocine 14835:Bevenopran 14679:Tianeptine 14654:Tapentadol 14649:Sufentanil 14644:Sinomenine 14634:Salsolinol 14589:Piminodine 14507:Oxycodegol 14497:Octreotide 14492:Nufenoxole 14442:Nalbuphine 14397:Meptazinol 14377:Loperamide 14347:Lefetamine 14297:Herkinorin 14277:Fluorophen 14232:Dipipanone 14157:Dermorphin 14047:Apparicine 14037:Alfentanil 13960:(abridged; 13940:modulators 13829:Citicoline 13809:Acetyl-coA 13793:Precursors 13769:Vanoxerine 13759:Tropeinium 13744:Toxiferine 13709:Reboxetine 13699:Radafaxine 13644:Neramexane 13634:Mivacurium 13629:Metocurine 13594:Malouetine 13559:Isoflurane 13514:Fazadinium 13509:Esketamine 13489:Doxacurium 13474:Dioscorine 13434:Desflurane 13399:Coclaurine 13331:Atracurium 13316:Amantadine 13306:Alcuronium 13059:Levamisole 13049:Ivermectin 12994:Dianicline 12954:Butinoline 12939:Anatoxin-a 12828:modulators 12743:SoRI-20041 12736:SoRI-20040 12664:Ketanserin 12591:Amiodarone 12554:tapentadol 12514:Mesembrine 12484:Delucemine 12461:esketamine 12374:Pipofezine 12359:Imipramine 12278:SEP-228432 12273:SEP-228431 12243:Nefazodone 12228:Liafensine 12198:Fezolamine 12188:DOV-216303 12183:DOV-102677 12138:Bicifadine 12133:Ansofaxine 12072:Eclanamine 12067:Duloxetine 12052:Bicifadine 12026:Vilazodone 11996:Lubazodone 11991:Litoxetine 11976:Zimelidine 11971:Sertraline 11946:Paroxetine 11941:Panuramine 11911:Fluoxetine 11906:Femoxetine 11886:Dapoxetine 11881:Citalopram 11805:tapentadol 11784:Nefazodone 11767:Ephenidine 11762:Dopexamine 11645:Melitracen 11635:Imipramine 11554:SEP-228432 11549:SEP-228431 11519:Nefazodone 11504:Liafensine 11474:Fezolamine 11464:DOV-216303 11459:DOV-102677 11414:Bicifadine 11409:Ansofaxine 11368:Nafenodone 11343:Eclanamine 11338:Duloxetine 11297:Radafaxine 11277:Manifaxine 11262:Lefetamine 11237:Amineptine 11221:Viloxazine 11196:Reboxetine 11191:Nisoxetine 11069:Sertraline 11059:Radafaxine 11044:Oroxylin A 10989:Manifaxine 10979:Liafensine 10969:Lefetamine 10949:GYKI-52895 10939:Fezolamine 10924:Esketamine 10919:Ephenidine 10842:BTS 74,398 10832:Ansofaxine 10827:Amineptine 10706:FP-β-CPPIT 10701:FE-β-CPPIT 10640:Prolintane 10533:Vanoxerine 10528:Nefazodone 10383:AGN-241751 10355:Piretanide 10305:Furosemide 10290:Flupirtine 10267:Conantokin 10262:Caroverine 10257:Bumetanide 10190:Isoflurane 10160:Desflurane 10150:Chloroform 10089:Safaprodil 10084:Ro 25-6981 10025:Tiletamine 10010:Sabeluzole 9990:Remacemide 9935:Neramexane 9905:Methorphan 9890:Loperamide 9865:Lanicemine 9850:Indantadol 9815:Esketamine 9810:Ephenidine 9770:Dexoxadrol 9735:Arketamine 9720:Amantadine 9680:3-MeO-PCMo 9658:Putrescine 9601:MDL-105519 9576:Kynurenine 9556:Gavestinel 9471:SDZ-220581 9431:MDL-100453 9314:prasterone 9284:Spermidine 9257:Milacemide 9162:ACC (ACPC) 9048:Evans blue 9012:Topiramate 9002:Tezampanel 8932:Isoflurane 8809:Talampanel 8794:Perampanel 8789:Isoflurane 8774:GYKI-53655 8769:GYKI-52466 8764:Evans blue 8728:Zonampanel 8718:Topiramate 8708:Tezampanel 8683:Kynurenine 8643:Caroverine 8638:Becampanel 8588:Oxiracetam 8488:Aniracetam 8409:modulators 8274:Naltrexone 8208:Lofexidine 8147:Topiramate 8135:Naltrexone 8092:Disulfiram 7953:tapentadol 7897:dronabinol 7853:Ziconotide 7825:Mexiletine 7805:lacosamide 7789:pregabalin 7785:gabapentin 7758:tapentadol 7713:duloxetine 7597:Rimazolium 7592:Proglumide 7537:Analgecine 7474:Flupirtine 7417:Mexiletine 7398:Lacosamide 7375:Ziconotide 7370:Pregabalin 7360:Leconotide 7350:Gabapentin 7328:modulators 7311:Nabiximols 7274:Proquazone 7269:Nimesulide 7264:Nabumetone 7215:Nifenazone 7129:Guacetisal 7114:Diflunisal 7099:Benorylate 7033:Valdecoxib 7013:Etoricoxib 6944:Diclofenac 6934:Acemetacin 6903:Lornoxicam 6857:Loxoprofen 6844:Ketoprofen 6813:Fenoprofen 6778:Phenacetin 6756:+oxycodone 6746:+ibuprofen 6678:+celecoxib 6661:Tapentadol 6656:Sufentanil 6631:Piminodine 6581:Meptazinol 6576:Lofentanil 6551:Dipipanone 6506:Alfentanil 6466:+ibuprofen 6431:Nalbuphine 6401:+ibuprofen 6233:Analgesics 5909:2 November 5803:2 November 5720:Based on: 4634:(1): 5–8. 4288:23 October 3987:: 524764. 3037:14 October 2707:22 October 2576:References 2559:analgesics 2513:Schedule I 2502:Regulation 2429:urban myth 2346:(Heroin), 2248:sublingual 2237:enantiomer 2130:Metabolism 2124:antagonist 2098:tiletamine 1987:amiodarone 1919:intestines 1868:1:393:1968 1689:Affinities 1588:naltrexone 1558:Drowsiness 1408:Prolonged 1398:Depression 1320:Runny nose 1232:Decreased 1137:Drowsiness 1034:dependence 1020:Methadone 915:sleepiness 768:3D model ( 756:Molar mass 642:CHEBI:6807 602:UC6VBE7V1Z 573:ChemSpider 533:IUPHAR/BPS 488:CAS Number 467:IUPAC name 404:-mediated) 385:Metabolism 302:Anlage III 291:Schedule I 189:Drug class 17032:Tynorphin 17027:Thiorphan 17007:Opiorphan 16949:Amastatin 16878:J-113,397 16839:TH-030418 16809:Ro65-6570 16804:Ro64-6198 16731:Etorphine 16639:Zyklophin 16629:Taxifolin 16519:LY-255582 16479:Cyclofoxy 16429:Axelopran 16343:Xorphanol 16333:U-54,494A 16301:Tifluadom 16291:TH-030418 16221:Oxycodone 16211:Oripavine 16181:Naltriben 16166:Nalmefene 16121:Mianserin 16091:Lufuradom 15996:GR-103545 15971:Etorphine 15951:Enadoline 15851:Butorphan 15846:BRL-52537 15811:Apadoline 15720:Taxifolin 15715:SoRI-9409 15675:Naltriben 15660:Nalmefene 15635:LY-255582 15565:Axelopran 15504:Xorphanol 15474:TH-030418 15454:SB-235863 15414:Oxycodone 15409:Oripavine 15274:Etorphine 15164:Butorphan 15129:Amoxapine 15068:Taxifolin 14993:Naloxegol 14968:Nalmefene 14938:LY-255582 14868:Cyprodime 14863:Cyclofoxy 14830:Axelopran 14810:Alvimopan 14805:Akuammine 14790:α-Gliadin 14729:Xorphanol 14719:Valorphin 14664:TH-030418 14522:Oxycodone 14517:Oripavine 14452:Nalmexone 14407:Methadone 14387:LS-115509 14267:Etorphine 14257:Eseroline 14102:Butorphan 13963:full list 13669:Pentamine 13664:Pempidine 13614:Methadone 13609:Memantine 13529:Halothane 13519:Gallamine 13499:Enflurane 13454:Diadonium 13369:Bupropion 13154:SIB-1553A 13149:SIB-1508Y 13139:SB-206553 12964:Carbachol 12944:AR-R17779 12934:Anatabine 12929:Anabasine 12894:A-867,744 12889:A-582,941 12884:A-366,833 12756:See also: 12731:SoRI-9804 12679:Reserpine 12649:GBR-12935 12644:Efavirenz 12564:Roxindole 12542:methadone 12529:N-Me-5-HT 12499:Efavirenz 12457:3-MeO-PCP 12400:Amoxapine 12268:Pridefine 12238:Naphyrone 12102:Tofenacin 12021:Trazodone 12011:SB-649915 12006:Quipazine 12001:LY-393558 11926:Ifoxetine 11921:Indalpine 11797:methadone 11686:Mianserin 11676:Amoxapine 11544:Pridefine 11514:Naphyrone 11378:Tofenacin 11328:CP-39,332 11247:Fencamine 11242:Bupropion 11211:Tandamine 11206:Talsupram 11166:Daledalin 11064:Rimcazole 11054:Pridefine 11019:Modafinil 10944:Fluorenol 10914:Efavirenz 10847:Bupropion 10807:Adrafinil 10771:Tropoxane 10661:Altropane 10658:Tropanes: 10635:Naphyrone 10599:Pipradrol 10518:GBR-13098 10513:GBR-13069 10508:GBR-12935 10503:GBR-12783 10397:See also: 10377:Unsorted: 10320:MDL-27266 10300:FR-115427 10295:FPL-12495 10252:ARR-15896 10180:Halothane 10170:Enflurane 10128:Magnesium 10079:Ro 8-4304 10054:Eliprodil 9965:PD-137889 9925:Morphanol 9900:Methadone 9895:Memantine 9845:Ibogamine 9820:Etoxadrol 9750:ARL-16247 9740:ARL-12495 9725:Aptiganel 9690:4-MeO-PCP 9685:3-MeO-PCP 9675:3-MeO-PCE 9638:Co 101676 9611:MRZ 2/576 9561:GV-196771 9551:Felbamate 9528:CGP-39653 9508:ACEA-1328 9503:ACEA-1011 9446:NPC-17742 9441:NPC-12626 9426:LY-274614 9421:LY-235959 9416:LY-233053 9401:CGS-19755 9396:CGP-40116 9391:CGP-39653 9386:CGP-39551 9381:CGP-37849 9371:AP5 (APV) 9272:Sarcosine 9148:β-Fluoro- 9097:Glutamate 9092:Aspartate 9081:Agonists: 9038:Enflurane 8982:LY-382884 8942:ACEA-1011 8927:Halothane 8922:Enflurane 8917:Diazoxide 8890:LY-339434 8875:Glutamate 8839:Agonists: 8784:Irampanel 8779:Halothane 8754:Enflurane 8628:ACEA-1011 8603:Piracetam 8583:ORG-26576 8578:Nooglutyl 8568:LY-503430 8563:LY-451646 8558:LY-404187 8553:LY-395153 8548:LY-392098 8533:Diazoxide 8461:Glutamate 8430:Agonists: 8326:Lorazepam 8309:Clonidine 8279:Nalmefene 8241:Methadone 8230:+naloxone 8203:Clonidine 8163:Clonidine 8140:Nalmefene 8086:inhibitor 8063:Clonidine 8027:Bupropion 7941:methadone 7937:oxycodone 7919:methadone 7884:Bupropion 7819:lidocaine 7740:dosulepin 7633:Phase III 7621:Withdrawn 7602:Tanezumab 7562:Clonidine 7557:Capsaicin 7411:lidocaine 7259:Glafenine 7220:Phenazone 7164:Salsalate 7094:Aloxiprin 7043:Fenamates 7028:Rofecoxib 7023:Parecoxib 7007:+tramadol 7000:Celecoxib 6982:Zomepirac 6967:Ketorolac 6939:Bromfenac 6918:Tenoxicam 6913:Piroxicam 6908:Meloxicam 6867:Oxaprozin 6823:Ibuprofen 6766:+tramadol 6721:Butacetin 6586:Methadone 6499:Synthetic 6470:+naloxone 6451:Oxycodone 6380:Etorphine 6341:+naloxone 6308:Paregoric 6178:Methadone 6139:Addiction 5775:30 August 5755:30 August 5735:30 August 5230:Addiction 4380:Addiction 4181:drugs.com 3706:CiteSeerX 3634:205875314 3160:207538295 2995:P & T 2563:Brazilian 2555:sedatives 2473:Economics 2383:pethidine 2372:oxycodone 2366:(Opana), 2354:(Vilan), 2278:Chemistry 2190:Methadone 2140:half-life 2119:neuronal 1978:incidence 1911:substrate 1806:1:256:238 1780:SERT:NET 1685:Compound 1617:Mortality 1466:Delusions 1443:Agitation 1438:sex drive 1431:olfaction 1358:Akathisia 1302:Mydriasis 1274:dry mouth 1252:Skin rash 1242:impotence 1147:Dry mouth 1118:Dizziness 1046:analgesic 1030:tolerance 1025:opioids. 966:analgesic 911:dizziness 875:Methadose 871:Dolophine 867:Methadone 791:Chirality 662:ChEMBL651 449:Excretion 422:half-life 177:Routes of 167:liability 165:Addiction 139:Pregnancy 128:Methadone 87:Monograph 81:Drugs.com 23:Methadone 17111:Medicine 16918:Trap-101 16908:SR-16430 16829:SR-16435 16683:(PheΨ(CH 16663:Agonists 16574:Naloxone 16484:Dezocine 16454:Catechin 16409:Apigenin 16338:U-69,593 16131:Morphine 16101:MB-1C-OH 16041:Ketamine 16026:Ibogaine 15991:GR-89696 15981:Fentanyl 15861:BW373U86 15749:Agonists 15739:κ-opioid 15685:Naloxone 15580:Catechin 15555:Apigenin 15494:Tramadol 15479:Thebaine 15389:Morphine 15309:Ibogaine 15279:Fentanyl 15259:DPI-3290 15229:Dezocine 15174:BW373U86 15154:Biphalin 15119:ADL-5859 15092:Agonists 15082:δ-opioid 15008:Naloxone 14933:Lobeline 14918:Ibogaine 14840:Catechin 14820:Apigenin 14689:Tramadol 14684:Tilidine 14669:Thebaine 14639:SC-17599 14609:Propiram 14569:Pericine 14512:OM-3-MNZ 14437:Morphine 14327:Ketamine 14272:Fentanyl 14182:Dezocine 14117:BW373U86 14087:Biphalin 13972:3-HO-PCP 13958:Agonists 13948:μ-opioid 13881:See also 13823:lecithin 13799:prodrugs 13749:Tramadol 13599:ME-18-MC 13564:Ketamine 13554:Ibogaine 13374:BW284C51 13129:RJR-2429 13119:Pyrantel 13079:Nicotine 13074:Morantel 13064:Lobeline 13029:EVP-6124 13024:EVP-4473 12979:Cytisine 12974:Cotinine 12879:A-84,543 12850:Agonists 12718:Luteolin 12669:Lobeline 12659:Ibogaine 12558:tramadol 12504:Hypidone 12465:ketamine 12443:loxapine 12303:Tropanes 12233:Mazindol 12223:JZ-IV-10 12057:CP-39332 12016:TGBA01AD 11809:tramadol 11752:ketamine 11738:loxapine 11579:Tropanes 11509:Mazindol 11499:JZ-IV-10 11201:Talopram 11186:Mazindol 11151:Amedalin 11009:Metaphit 11004:Mesocarb 10994:Mazindol 10964:Ketamine 10766:Troparil 10523:JJC8-088 10325:Metaphit 10235:Urethane 10123:Hydrogen 10120:Cations: 10030:Tramadol 9855:Ketamine 9840:Ibogaine 9755:Budipine 9670:3-HO-PCP 9596:LU-73068 9586:L-701324 9581:L-689560 9488:5,7-DCKA 9476:Selfotel 9358:SAGE-718 9353:SAGE-301 9348:SAGE-201 9289:Spermine 9279:Neomycin 9244:-Alanine 9236:L-687414 9195:-Alanine 9152:-alanine 9141:Theanine 9007:Theanine 8905:SYM-2081 8713:Theanine 8336:Oxazepam 8321:Diazepam 8214:Ibogaine 8174:Phenibut 8169:Baclofen 8037:Lobeline 8032:Cytisine 7949:tramadol 7933:morphine 7911:ketamine 7901:nabilone 7893:cannabis 7762:tramadol 7572:Ketamine 7451:Funapide 7446:DSP-2230 7306:Nabilone 7301:Cannabis 7205:Ampyrone 6977:Tolmetin 6972:Sulindac 6949:Etodolac 6927:Acetates 6898:Isoxicam 6872:Suprofen 6862:Naproxen 6736:+codeine 6671:Tramadol 6666:Tilidine 6646:Propiram 6561:Fentanyl 6541:Dezocine 6490:Thebacon 6462:+aspirin 6405:+aspirin 6303:Laudanum 6288:Morphine 6276:+aspirin 6161:25533862 6102:Archived 6020:Archived 5981:Archived 5955:Archived 5889:Archived 5887:. NIDA. 5769:Archived 5621:Archived 5529:20506765 5416:19186209 5320:15970068 5252:10615732 5211:15684283 5162:11940544 5127:41611298 5024:14516485 4967:18154194 4928:12405865 4815:11561100 4756:24117196 4700:32169926 4670:BMJ Open 4582:Archived 4559:Archived 4535:Archived 4519:Archived 4453:18454868 4402:15955021 4282:Archived 4247:33157550 4207:PLOS ONE 4163:Archived 4119:. NHTSA. 4075:16262036 4040:21619737 4013:21253542 3962:Archived 3849:Archived 3771:17382831 3728:21036393 3683:28177515 3626:19570126 3591:26806145 3556:22793972 3515:10695444 3463:17313907 3387:19538000 3338:19588333 3252:(2021). 3223:Archived 3190:Archived 3152:25581257 3116:28033313 3064:Archived 3017:21935293 2954:11064485 2918:Archived 2914:15832538 2877:Archived 2873:15537850 2808:Archived 2763:25626479 2755:18331375 2634:: 5–12. 2490:Medicare 2486:Medicaid 2387:euphoria 2339:morphine 2102:ibogaine 2094:ketamine 2084:-methyl- 1885:for the 1883:affinity 1584:naloxone 1542:Vomiting 1528:Overdose 1461:Paranoia 1415:Delirium 1410:insomnia 1345:Sweating 1335:diarrhea 1327:Sneezing 1218:euphoria 1216:, (e.g, 1208:Swelling 1166:Headache 1156:vomiting 1127:Weakness 1122:fainting 1103:Flushing 1093:Sedation 927:sweating 923:vomiting 896:by mouth 857:(verify) 553:DrugBank 279:Class A1 229:QN02AC90 201:ATC code 141:category 123:DailyMed 17182:Ketones 17074:Others: 17002:RB-3007 16954:BL-2401 16923:UFP-101 16888:NalBzOH 16883:JTC-801 16824:SR-8993 16761:MT-7716 16711:BU08070 16564:MR-2266 16544:MeJDTic 16474:CVL-354 16444:BU09059 16434:AZ-MTAB 16414:Arodyne 16374:6'-GNTI 16369:5'-GNTI 16328:U-50488 16308:(e.g., 16156:NalBzOH 16141:MR-2034 16106:Menthol 16096:Matrine 15831:BAM-22P 15826:BAM-18P 15821:BAM-12P 15761:6'-GNTI 15530:5'-NTII 15464:SNC-162 15404:NalBzOH 15324:KNT-127 15254:DPI-221 15189:Codeine 15149:BAM-18P 15139:AZD2327 15104:6'-GNTI 14998:Naloxol 14724:Viminol 14714:U-47700 14699:TRIMU 5 14604:Prodine 14547:OxyPNPH 14462:Neopine 14447:NalBzOH 14417:Metopon 14392:Matrine 14142:Codeine 14092:BU08070 14067:BAM-22P 14062:BAM-18P 14057:BAM-12P 14022:AH-7921 13819:Choline 13379:BW-A444 13357:(e.g., 13350:BNC-210 13338:(e.g., 13301:ABT-126 13285:(e.g., 13244:XY-4083 13209:TC-6683 13204:TC-5619 13199:TC-5214 13194:TC-2216 13189:TC-1827 13184:TC-1734 13179:TC-1698 13089:NS-1738 13083:tobacco 12969:Choline 12914:ABT-894 12909:ABT-560 12904:ABT-418 12899:ABT-202 12654:GZ-793A 12598:(e.g., 12536:(e.g., 12534:Opioids 12455:(e.g., 12441:(e.g., 12407:(e.g., 12395:A-80426 12392:Others: 12354:Doxepin 12307:cocaine 12305:(e.g., 12253:NS-2359 12248:Nefopam 12203:HDMP-28 12193:EXP-561 12153:Cocaine 12082:McN5652 11961:RTI-353 11791:(e.g., 11789:Opioids 11750:(e.g., 11736:(e.g., 11714:(e.g., 11709:Others: 11630:Doxepin 11583:cocaine 11581:(e.g., 11529:NS-2359 11524:Nefopam 11479:HDMP-28 11469:EXP-561 11429:Cocaine 11353:McN5652 11272:LR-5182 11034:NS-2359 11024:Nefopam 10984:LR-5182 10929:EXP-561 10804:Others: 10756:RTI-336 10751:RTI-229 10746:RTI-177 10741:RTI-150 10736:RTI-126 10731:RTI-121 10726:RTI-113 10721:RTI-112 10681:Cocaine 10579:HDMP-28 10498:DBL-583 10369:saffron 10215:Toluene 10205:Octanol 10185:Hexanol 10140:Benzene 10116:TCN-213 10111:TCN-201 10106:MPX-007 10101:MPX-004 9695:8A-PDHQ 9633:Arcaine 9626:ZD-9379 9323:sulfate 9252:-Serine 9226:Glycine 9211:-Serine 9126:Proline 9053:NS-3763 9026:(e.g., 9017:UBP-302 8895:Proline 8737:(e.g., 8613:S-18986 8543:IDRA-21 8528:CX-1942 8523:CX-1739 8471:Proline 8220:Opioids 7927:(e.g., 7925:Opioids 7909:(e.g., 7891:(e.g., 7837:(e.g., 7817:(e.g., 7783:(e.g., 7756:(e.g., 7730:(e.g., 7711:(e.g., 7577:Menthol 7552:Camphor 7429:(e.g., 7422:Nefopam 7407:cocaine 7405:(e.g., 7154:Salicin 6891:Oxicams 6716:Bucetin 6688:Viminol 6426:Metopon 6271:Codeine 6259:Opiates 6250:Opioids 5631:format) 5561:8331839 5475:2 March 5424:7720401 5370:4516455 5311:1472740 5119:2397985 4936:1396257 4862:8018740 4825:21 June 4747:3904262 4691:7069257 4648:9058409 4613:7562497 4444:2396610 4238:7647070 4215:Bibcode 4004:3021856 3802:25 June 3779:5903121 3736:5667719 3674:6464101 3506:1070723 3378:2874458 3329:7097731 3287:25 June 3008:3171821 2864:1743125 2435:leader 2356:codeine 2329:at the 2313:History 2230:racemic 1974:syncope 1837:1:49:70 1710:Ratios 1608:Driving 1514:alcohol 1448:Anxiety 1353:Tremors 1324:Yawning 1296:Tearing 1198:Itching 1132:Fatigue 1000:A 2009 761:309.453 729:Formula 562:DB00333 508:PubChem 497:76-99-3 339:WARNING 326:Class A 314:Class B 312:: 300:: 289:: 231: ( 221: ( 219:N07BC02 217:) 211: ( 209:N02AC52 154: C 125:: 101:a682134 17097:Portal 17012:Selank 16997:RB-120 16992:RB-101 16936:Others 16863:AT-076 16756:MCOPPB 16419:AT-076 16265:salvia 16146:N-MPPP 16086:LPK-26 15710:SDM25N 15560:AT-076 15499:TRV250 15459:SNC-80 15329:Kratom 15109:7-SIOM 14825:AT-076 14815:AM-251 14704:TRV734 14599:PL-017 14337:Kratom 14322:IBNtxA 13409:Curare 13326:AQW051 13273:18-MAC 13229:UB-165 13039:GTS-21 12869:5-HIAA 12837:nAChRs 12708:Others 12263:PRC200 12208:HP-505 11951:PIM-35 11539:PRC200 11484:HP-505 11292:O-2172 11039:O-2172 10716:RTI-55 10245:Xylene 10145:Butane 9518:AV-101 9231:HA-966 8518:CX-717 8508:CX-614 8503:CX-546 8498:CX-516 7862:Others 7746:Opioid 7616:WHO-EM 7530:Others 7242:Others 7228: 7177: 7003: 6957: 6847: 6834: 6826: 6793:NSAIDs 6674: 6454: 6393: 6365: 6337: 6196: 6159: 6026:16 May 6012: 5708:946538 5706: 5669: 5603:9 July 5568: 5558: 5527: 5422: 5414: 5368: 5350:Nature 5318: 5308: 5250: 5209: 5170:298931 5168: 5160: 5125: 5117: 5084:698886 5082: 5022: 4965: 4934: 4926: 4860: 4813: 4780: 4754: 4744: 4698: 4688: 4646: 4611: 4451: 4441: 4427:: 10. 4400: 4245: 4235: 4073: 4038: 4011: 4001: 3933:RxList 3777: 3769: 3751:Lancet 3734: 3726: 3708: 3698:Lancet 3681: 3671: 3632: 3624: 3589: 3554: 3513: 3503: 3461: 3418: 3385: 3375: 3336: 3326: 3215: 3182: 3158: 3150: 3114: 3015: 3005: 2952: 2912: 2871: 2861: 2761: 2753: 2676: 2547:Russia 2411:, and 2153:CYP2D6 2149:CYP2B6 2145:CYP3A4 1955:miosis 1925:. The 1907:CYP2D6 1903:CYP2B6 1899:CYP3A4 1831:12,700 1546:Spasms 1537:Miosis 1471:Apathy 1404:orgasm 1349:Chills 1331:Nausea 1278:saliva 1238:orgasm 1234:libido 1152:Nausea 1015:heroin 925:, and 919:nausea 879:opioid 806:SMILES 653:ChEMBL 622:D08195 402:CYP2D6 398:CYP2B6 394:CYP3A4 379:85–90% 336: 324: 277: 264: 194:Opioid 121: 17017:Semax 16656:(NOP) 16634:UPHIT 16619:RB-64 16559:ML350 16554:ML190 16514:JDTic 16489:DIPPA 16256:RB-64 16011:HS665 15876:CR665 15771:18-MC 15766:8-CAC 15742:(KOR) 15264:DSLET 15249:DPDPE 15199:DADLE 15159:BU-48 15085:(DOR) 14923:JDTic 14785:18-MC 14614:PZM21 14558:opium 14467:NFEPP 14147:DADLE 13951:(MOR) 13797:(and 13779:Xenon 13278:18-MC 13257:(and 12853:(and 12579:VMATs 10791:WF-33 10786:WF-31 10781:WF-23 10776:WF-11 10240:Xenon 9700:18-MC 9665:2-MDP 9493:7-CKA 9456:PEAQX 9182:B6B21 9172:AK-51 9106:-HCA) 9069:NMDAR 8992:NS102 8723:YM90K 8418:AMPAR 7705:SNRIs 6704:-type 6591:NFEPP 6298:Opium 6263:opium 5839:(PDF) 5822:(PDF) 5570:41087 5420:S2CID 5275:"BNF" 5166:S2CID 5123:S2CID 5057:(PDF) 5050:(PDF) 4932:S2CID 4880:(PDF) 4501:(PDF) 4494:(PDF) 4474:(DOC) 4357:(PDF) 4117:(PDF) 3797:WebMD 3775:S2CID 3732:S2CID 3630:S2CID 3156:S2CID 3067:(PDF) 3056:(PDF) 2880:(PDF) 2839:(PDF) 2759:S2CID 2521:ACSCN 2488:, or 2446:finis 2442:dolor 2335:opium 2239:(the 2069:(the 2053:(the 1985:drug 1923:brain 1889:, an 1871:1:50 1856:1,860 1850:0.945 1840:1:13 1825:1,370 1797:1,400 1776:M:D:K 1767:NMDAR 1703:, in 1340:Fever 1240:, or 826:InChI 770:JSmol 633:ChEBI 414:Rapid 390:Liver 16404:ANTI 16021:HZ-2 15575:BNTX 14858:CTOP 14854:CTAP 13459:DHβE 13260:NAMs 12856:PAMs 12619:AZIK 12608:MDMA 12097:PPPA 11840:SRIs 11829:SERT 11373:PPPA 11130:NRIs 10630:MDPV 10477:DRIs 10335:MPEP 10275:-αAA 10133:Zinc 9960:PCPr 9930:NEFA 9616:PNQX 9546:DNQX 9533:CNQX 9466:PPDA 9451:PBPD 9321:DHEA 9306:DHEA 9216:DHPG 9167:ACPD 9157:ACBD 9121:NMDA 9087:AMAA 8987:NBQX 8962:GAMS 8957:DNQX 8947:CNQX 8865:ATPA 8860:AMPA 8698:PNQX 8693:NBQX 8668:GAMS 8658:DNQX 8648:CNQX 8633:ATPO 8593:PEPA 8451:BOAA 8446:AMPA 8010:N07B 7831:TCAs 7750:MRIs 7724:TCAs 7683:and 6241:N02B 6237:N02A 6157:PMID 6079:2021 6054:2021 6028:2012 6010:ISBN 5989:2016 5963:2016 5937:2019 5911:2018 5805:2018 5777:2016 5757:2016 5737:2016 5704:PMID 5688:JAMA 5667:ISBN 5605:2007 5566:PMID 5525:PMID 5477:2023 5412:PMID 5366:PMID 5316:PMID 5279:NICE 5248:PMID 5207:PMID 5158:PMID 5115:PMID 5080:PMID 5020:PMID 4963:PMID 4924:PMID 4858:PMID 4827:2011 4811:PMID 4778:ISBN 4752:PMID 4696:PMID 4644:PMID 4609:PMID 4544:2006 4449:PMID 4398:PMID 4336:2021 4290:2013 4243:PMID 4188:2018 4071:PMID 4036:PMID 4009:PMID 3985:2010 3804:2021 3767:PMID 3724:PMID 3679:PMID 3622:PMID 3587:PMID 3552:PMID 3511:PMID 3459:PMID 3416:ISBN 3383:PMID 3334:PMID 3312:2009 3289:2021 3213:ISBN 3180:ISBN 3148:PMID 3112:PMID 3075:2015 3039:2020 3013:PMID 2950:PMID 2910:PMID 2869:PMID 2816:2015 2751:PMID 2709:2023 2674:ISBN 2608:2020 2433:Nazi 2409:LAAM 2337:and 2214:EDMP 2202:EDDP 2151:and 2100:and 2078:NMDA 1953:and 1943:oral 1929:and 1921:and 1859:14.1 1819:19.7 1809:1:5 1747:SERT 1601:NMDA 1577:coma 1575:and 1154:and 1040:Pain 1032:and 960:and 933:and 904:vein 885:and 873:and 613:KEGG 593:UNII 582:3953 542:5458 522:4095 400:and 353:data 171:High 77:AHFS 16499:ECG 16494:EGC 15610:EGC 15605:ECG 15284:FIT 14888:EGC 14883:ECG 12614:APP 11119:NET 10837:BTQ 10676:CFT 10466:DAT 9498:ACC 9406:CPP 9376:AP7 9187:CCG 8827:KAR 7961:GHB 6147:doi 6143:110 5696:doi 5692:235 5629:PDF 5556:PMC 5552:211 5517:doi 5447:doi 5443:561 5404:doi 5358:doi 5354:244 5306:PMC 5238:doi 5197:doi 5150:doi 5146:105 5107:doi 5103:159 5010:doi 4959:105 4916:doi 4850:doi 4807:299 4742:PMC 4734:doi 4730:171 4686:PMC 4678:doi 4636:doi 4632:223 4605:274 4439:PMC 4429:doi 4388:doi 4384:100 4233:PMC 4223:doi 4063:doi 3999:PMC 3989:doi 3759:doi 3755:369 3716:doi 3702:376 3669:PMC 3661:doi 3614:doi 3579:doi 3542:doi 3501:PMC 3493:doi 3489:172 3449:doi 3406:hdl 3373:PMC 3365:doi 3324:PMC 3316:doi 3258:hdl 3140:doi 3136:162 3102:doi 3060:CDC 3003:PMC 2859:PMC 2851:doi 2743:doi 2702:FDA 2636:doi 2632:28b 2545:In 1941:is 1897:by 1862:702 1853:371 1828:992 1822:960 1800:259 1794:405 1791:435 1788:1.7 1757:NET 1737:KOR 1727:DOR 1717:MOR 1630:). 1182:), 1120:or 902:or 678:EPA 512:CID 234:WHO 224:WHO 214:WHO 17123:: 16965:D 16320:, 16316:, 16312:, 13361:, 13342:, 13293:, 13289:, 12781:• 12777:• 12773:• 12769:• 12765:• 12761:• 12738:; 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