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Midnight Special (song)

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444: 963:, p. 480: "McCormick's researchers do not prove that the song "The Midnight Special" originated at the time of this 1923 jailbreak. It seems more probable that Lead Belly and others set the details of that event into the framework of an earlier, well-established traditional song. The strongest evidence for this assumption is that the song appeared widely throughout the South within a very few years after 1923, and invariably in versions that did not mention any of the individual associated with the Houston events of 1923." 90: 295:; Frank Wilson, 1927) and "North Carolina Blues" (Roy Martin, 1930) — both essentially the same song as "Midnight Special" — place it in North Carolina. Most of the early versions, however, have no particular location. Only one recording, collected by the Lomaxes at the 898:, p. 240: "Dave Cutrell; St. Louis, MO; May 1926; 9650-A; 'Pistol Pete's Midnight Special'; Despite the label credit to McGint'y Oklahoma Cow Boy Band as accompanists, the instrumentation is as shown. Rev. Okeh 45057 by McGinty's Oklahoma Cow Boy Band ..." 279:
Like so many American folk songs, its hero is not a man but a train." The light of the train is seen as the light of salvation, the train which could take them away from the prison walls. It is highly reminiscent of the imagery of such gospel songs as
2176: 2468: 976:: "Carl Sandburg, on the other hand, believes that the song refers to suicide: That the convict would rather be dead under the wheels of the train than spend another twenty years in prison." 830:, a prison song known in penitentiaries in many parts of the South. One stanza fragment which relates to the song was noted by Howard Odum about 1905 and published in his 1911 collection." 992:, p 479: One version, collected from prisoners at the state prison at Parchman, Mississippi, has this chorus: "Let the Midnight Special shine her light on me, You take the 124:, appearing in various African-American songs of that period, notably in the "Grade-Songs", which are about prison captains and have nothing to do with a train or a light. 2162: 2452: 2046: 1912: 2134: 2099: 1312: 2032: 1379: 248:, who mistakenly attributed it to him as the author. However, Ledbetter, for his Angola session, appears to have inserted several stanzas relating to a 2120: 2169: 2039: 148:
The song was first commercially recorded on the OKeh label in 1926 as "Pistol Pete's Midnight Special" by Dave "Pistol Pete" Cutrell (a member of
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used the song line "Let the midnight special shine a light on me" as a segue into their original song "Mercy's Shore" on their 2022 album
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The song is historically performed in the country-blues style from the viewpoint of the prisoner and has been performed by many artists.
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had a different view. He believed the subject of the song would rather be run over by a train than spend more time in jail.
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recorded the highest-charting version of "Midnight Special," reaching number 16 in the winter of 1960. Five years later,
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Otto Gray's Oklahoma Cowboys. "Pistol Pete's Midnight Special" by Dave Cutrell acc. by McGinty's Oklahoma Cow Boy Band.
149: 71:" is a traditional folk song thought to have originated among prisoners in the American South. The song refers to the 1759: 1219: 1198: 1177: 1163: 1053: 154:). Cutrell follows the traditional song except for semi-comedic stanzas about McGinty and Gray and "a cowboy band": 2383: 1801: 1773: 1527: 751: 485: 291:
Although later versions place the locale of the song near Houston, early versions such as "Walk Right In Belmont" (
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Houston jailbreak into the traditional song. Ledbetter recorded at least three versions of the song, one with the
2599: 2092: 1236: 2462: 2296: 1319: 483:' version reached number 20 in 1965. The Johnny Rivers version was used as the theme for the NBC music program 296: 2609: 2539: 2529: 2336: 1704: 1674: 1372: 2604: 2589: 2569: 1921: 1715: 925:: "McGinty's Oklahoma Cowboy Band (now led by Otto Gray), "The Midnight Special" (Vocalion 5337; c. 1929)." 649: 613: 447: 327: 72: 2619: 2614: 2594: 2559: 2492: 2409: 2318: 2314: 1637: 1586: 1010: 2554: 2549: 1843: 1365: 1230:
The Traditional Ballad Index: An Annotated Bibliography of the Folk Songs of the English-Speaking World
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Howard Odom, "Folk-Song and Folk-Poetry As Found in the Secular Songs of the Southern Negroes", in
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had a top 5 country hit with their reworking of the song in 1959 as "Big Midnight Special".
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Dylan references a line from the song — "Shine your light on me" — on the second track, "
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recorded the song commercially in 1927 under the title "The Midnight Special Blues" for
616:, among others. Jody Miller arranged her own version and included it on her first album 2307: 2259: 2248: 2014: 2000: 1485: 1305: 997: 637: 1225: 2347: 2292: 2230: 2106: 1780: 1404: 1215: 1194: 1173: 1159: 1049: 813:, p. 71: "Sung in prisons all over the South, this song is probably of white origin." 709: 685: 517: 443: 2252: 1836: 1738: 1601: 1569: 1499: 1432: 1425: 1418: 1340: 589: 565: 521: 497: 693: 275:. They also describe Ledbetter's version as "the Negro jailbird's ballad to match 2474: 2237: 1871: 1857: 1808: 1752: 1596: 1548: 1513: 1240: 1130: 689: 623: 429: 409: 356: 213: 2201: 2071: 1890: 1562: 1028: 727: 704: 688:". The medley represents the group's only recording of material not written by 642: 577: 561: 537: 505: 105: 1093: 1069: 2513: 2423: 2285: 2263: 2085: 1954: 1653: 1555: 1478: 878: 856:, p 479: "The earliest reference to the song I have found was in a letter to 767: 757: 746: 741: 731: 659: 601: 545: 480: 465: 285: 237: 138: 134: 47: 2177:
Ultimate Creedence Clearwater Revival: Greatest Hits & All-Time Classics
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Cutrell, "Pistol Pete's Midnight Special", British Archive of Country Music.
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The Foundations of Rock: From "Blue Suede Shoes" to "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes"
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The first printed reference to the song itself was in a 1923 issue of
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Travelin' Band: Creedence Clearwater Revival at the Royal Albert Hall
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magazine. Dated August 3, 1923, the requested additional verses ..."
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recorded a cover of "The Midnight Special" for their 2006 album,
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also recorded a cover of "Midnight Special" for their 1982 album
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has performed it numerous times. It was the closing song on his
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published two different versions of "Midnight Special" in his
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as a train from Houston shining its light into a cell in the
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Lyrics appearing in the song were first recorded in print by
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Bad Moon Rising: The Best of Creedence Clearwater Revival
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Yonder come a Little Nora. How in the world do you know?
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recorded the song in 1975 for charity, as a part of a
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Heartland Music Presents Creedence Clearwater Revival
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Songsters and Saints: Vocal Tradition on Race Records
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The Midnight Special and Other Southern Prison Songs
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at Victor Studio #2, New York City, June 15, 1940).
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Folkways: The Original Vision (Woody and LeadBelly)
1207:. British Archive of Country Music, CD D 139, 2006. 1156:Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong 471:Only two versions of the song have reached the US 1182:Collins, "Crying" Sam. "Midnight Special Blues". 299:, actually identifies the railroad operating the 2511: 2170:Creedence Clearwater Revival Covers the Classics 1920: 843:, Ed. Franz Boaz, Vol. 24, no. 94, p. 382, 1911. 1212:Country Music Records: A Discography, 1921–1942 1158:. University of Illinois Press (2nd ed), 2000. 1120:Boxed Set, Polydor 1992, Cat.-No. 314 523 472-2 881:published two variants in his 1927 anthology, 626:'s 1962 version is notable for containing the 282:Let the Light from Your Lighthouse Shine on Me 1906: 1638: 1262: 1234:California State University, Fresno, Folklore 1048:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 381. 227:I know by the apron and the dress she wears 1830:Rockin' Pneumonia and the Boogie Woogie Flu 984: 982: 750:, but was not included on the accompanying 113:Get up in the mornin' when ding dong rings, 1913: 1899: 1645: 1631: 1269: 1255: 684:. It was the B-side to their 1978 single " 137:published by the Ridgway Company. In 1927 1535:Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out 1062: 908: 906: 904: 2142:The Best of Creedence Clearwater Revival 979: 953: 442: 267:, told a credible story identifying the 166:But he's run away now with a cowboy band 115:Look at table — see the same damn thing 88: 1570:The Blue Tailed Fly (Jimmie Crack Corn) 1041: 787:", a religious variant of the same song 307:which had a route through Mississippi. 2512: 1193:. Dover Publications (reprint), 1994. 901: 120:However, these lyrics are known to be 2156:Creedence Clearwater Revival: Box Set 1894: 1626: 1250: 966: 234:Huddie William "Lead Belly" Ledbetter 183:But he's manager now of a cowboy band 1698:Meanwhile Back at the Whisky à Go Go 1172:. Cambridge University Press, 1984. 640:performs the song in the 1967 movie 263:John and Alan Lomax, in their book, 181:Now Otto Gray, he's a Stillwater man 157: 2417:Don't Look Now (It Ain't You or Me) 1865:Swayin' to the Music (Slow Dancing) 1387:The Smithsonian Folkways Collection 1131:"Official Bob Dylan Site &#124" 928: 724:, mixing English and Dutch vocals. 16:1923 traditional American folk song 13: 2565:Creedence Clearwater Revival songs 1774:(I Washed My Hands In) Muddy Water 950:Collins, "Midnight Special Blues". 236:recorded a version of the song at 204:Otto Gray and the Oklahoma Cowboys 14: 2631: 1652: 1224:Waltz, Robert B; David G. Engle. 1214:. Oxford University Press, 2004. 1094:"Midnight Special Cool Hand Luke" 1029:"Midnight Special - Luca Ricatti" 310: 164:Now, Mister McGinty is a good man 2384:I Heard It Through the Grapevine 1760:Where Have All the Flowers Gone? 1106:from the original on 2021-12-19. 666:enthusiastically singing along. 618:Wednesday's Child is Full of Woe 145:, the first published versions. 133:magazine, a three-times-a-month 1528:How Come You Do Me Like You Do? 1465:Where Did You Sleep Last Night? 1191:American Ballads and Folk Songs 1189:Lomax, John A. and Alan Lomax. 1148: 1123: 1110: 1086: 1035: 1021: 1003: 944: 811:American Ballads and Folk Songs 696:after their breakthrough with " 520:(who also recorded their song " 256:, a gospel group (recorded for 151:McGinty's Oklahoma Cow Boy Band 2463:Creedence Clearwater Revisited 1320:Play Parties in Song and Dance 1276: 915: 888: 867: 846: 833: 816: 803: 492:The song has been recorded by 297:Mississippi State Penitentiary 265:Best Loved American Folk Songs 1: 1705:...And I Know You Wanna Dance 1373:Lead Belly Sings for Children 841:Journal of American Folk-Lore 796: 202:In March 1929, the band, now 78:and its "ever-loving light." 2337:Have You Ever Seen the Rain? 1973:Creedence Clearwater Revival 1922:Creedence Clearwater Revival 974:The Traditional Ballad Index 923:The Traditional Ballad Index 885:, both without attribution." 707:", of his 1979 gospel album 650:Creedence Clearwater Revival 614:Creedence Clearwater Revival 448:Creedence Clearwater Revival 328:Creedence Clearwater Revival 7: 2535:Paul Evans (musician) songs 2319:Long As I Can See the Light 1587:Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet 777: 772:Live From Bridgestone Arena 10: 2636: 2545:Peter, Paul and Mary songs 2458:Creedence Clearwater Couto 1366:Leadbelly Sings Folk Songs 1133:. Bobdylan.com. 2012-01-23 785:Let Your Light Shine on Me 84: 2440: 2401: 2375: 2357: 2328: 2273: 2218: 2193: 2186: 2063: 2024: 1964: 1928: 1714: 1673: 1660: 1611:MTV Unplugged in New York 1579: 1449: 1396: 1357: 1297: 1284: 762:Songs From Under the Sink 740:and was performed on his 427: 415: 403: 387: 366: 351: 343: 333: 322: 317: 53: 41: 33: 26: 21: 2481:Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc. 2315:Lookin' out My Back Door 2054:At the Royal Albert Hall 1327:Work Songs of the U.S.A. 1042:Everett, Walter (2009). 655:Twilight Zone: The Movie 634:, who played harmonica. 628:first official recording 594:The Kentucky Headhunters 1994:Willy and the Poor Boys 1788:Baby I Need Your Lovin' 1542:House of the Rising Sun 1118:Thank You For the Music 658:, in a scene featuring 574:The Spencer Davis Group 453:Willy and the Poor Boys 337:Willy and the Poor Boys 2600:Wilma Lee Cooper songs 2304:Run Through the Jungle 2282:It Came Out of the Sky 1879:Um, Um, Um, Um, Um, Um 1795:The Tracks of My Tears 1691:Here We à Go Go Again! 1289:List of recorded songs 1226:"The Midnight Special" 1186:, 14. Yazoo, CD, 1990. 939:Sam Collins (musician) 682:"On Top of Old Smokey" 457: 230: 192: 175: 118: 101: 2388:Good Golly Miss Molly 2128:Chronicle: Volume Two 1684:At the Whisky à Go Go 1592:Blind Lemon Jefferson 1472:Pick a Bale of Cotton 896:Country Music Records 678:Pick a Bale of Cotton 446: 222: 220:"ever-living" light: 178: 161: 110: 92: 2610:Year of song unknown 2540:Paul McCartney songs 2530:Big Joe Turner songs 2402:Other original songs 2297:Who'll Stop the Rain 2209:I Put a Spell on You 1851:Six Days on the Road 828:The Midnight Special 676:medley, along with " 530:Peter, Paul and Mary 486:The Midnight Special 361:Berkeley, California 277:Hard Times Poor Boy. 143:The American Songbag 2605:Stoney Cooper songs 2590:Johnny Rivers songs 2570:American folk songs 2366:Someday Never Comes 2079:More Creedence Gold 1440:The Bourgeois Blues 1334:Songs by Lead Belly 824:Songster and Saints 791:List of train songs 586:The Louvin Brothers 254:Golden Gate Quartet 2620:Songs about prison 2615:Songwriter unknown 2595:Songs about trains 2560:Van Morrison songs 2308:Up Around the Bend 2260:Down on the Corner 1507:How Long, How Long 1358:Compilation albums 1306:Negro Sinful Songs 1239:2008-04-17 at the 1116:Companion book to 1070:"Midnight Special" 638:Harry Dean Stanton 460:Country musicians 458: 318:"Midnight Special" 218:Midnight Special's 102: 96:, photographed by 22:"Midnight Special" 2555:The Weavers songs 2550:The Beatles songs 2507: 2506: 2410:Keep on Chooglin' 2397: 2396: 2348:Sweet Hitch-Hiker 2231:Born on the Bayou 2149:Keep On Chooglin' 2107:Creedence Country 2047:Live at Woodstock 1888: 1887: 1781:Poor Side of Town 1620: 1619: 1205:Early Cowboy Band 1102:. 27 March 2012. 710:Slow Train Coming 686:Summer Night City 518:The Kingston Trio 441: 440: 273:Sugar Land Prison 199: 198: 65: 64: 2627: 2520:Lead Belly songs 2487:Southern Pacific 2441:Related articles 2431:Midnight Special 2191: 2190: 2100:20 Golden Greats 1915: 1908: 1901: 1892: 1891: 1837:Blue Suede Shoes 1767:Secret Agent Man 1746:Midnight Special 1739:Mountain of Love 1647: 1640: 1633: 1624: 1623: 1500:Duncan and Brady 1433:Rock Island Line 1426:Take This Hammer 1419:Goodnight, Irene 1412:Midnight Special 1348:Midnight Special 1341:Negro Folk Songs 1271: 1264: 1257: 1248: 1247: 1142: 1141: 1139: 1138: 1127: 1121: 1114: 1108: 1107: 1090: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1080: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1039: 1033: 1032: 1025: 1019: 1018: 1015:Sites.google.com 1007: 1001: 994:Illinois Central 986: 977: 970: 964: 957: 951: 948: 942: 932: 926: 919: 913: 910: 899: 892: 886: 883:American Songbag 871: 865: 858:Robert W. Gordon 850: 844: 837: 831: 820: 814: 807: 590:Long John Baldry 566:Buckwheat Zydeco 522:The Tijuana Jail 498:Big Bill Broonzy 432: 420: 399: 398: 394: 347:November 2, 1969 315: 314: 305:Illinois Central 301:Midnight Special 269:Midnight Special 189: 172: 158: 75:Midnight Special 73:passenger train 69:Midnight Special 58: 19: 18: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2624: 2525:Burl Ives songs 2510: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2475:Fantasy Records 2436: 2393: 2371: 2353: 2324: 2269: 2238:Bad Moon Rising 2214: 2182: 2059: 2020: 2001:Cosmo's Factory 1960: 1924: 1919: 1889: 1884: 1872:The Monkey Time 1858:Help Me, Rhonda 1809:Into the Mystic 1753:The Seventh Son 1710: 1669: 1656: 1651: 1621: 1616: 1597:Pat Morris Neff 1575: 1549:Backwater Blues 1445: 1392: 1353: 1293: 1280: 1275: 1241:Wayback Machine 1210:Russell, Tony. 1184:Jailhouse Blues 1151: 1146: 1145: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1115: 1111: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1078: 1076: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1056: 1040: 1036: 1031:. 4 March 2024. 1027: 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Index

Song
Genre
Country blues
Songwriter(s)
passenger train Midnight Special

Lead Belly
Alan Lomax
Howard Odum
floater lines
Adventure
pulp magazine
Carl Sandburg
McGinty's Oklahoma Cow Boy Band
Sam Collins
Gennett Records
Huddie William "Lead Belly" Ledbetter
Angola Prison
John
Alan Lomax
1923
Golden Gate Quartet
RCA
Sugar Land Prison
Let the Light from Your Lighthouse Shine on Me
Carl Sandburg
Wilmer Watts
Mississippi State Penitentiary
Illinois Central
Song

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