SIM card - Knowledge

1253: 1097:(or 4FF) card was introduced in June 2012, when mobile service providers in various countries first supplied it for phones that supported the format. The nano-SIM measures 12.3 mm × 8.8 mm × 0.67 mm (0.484 in × 0.346 in × 0.026 in) and reduces the previous format to the contact area while maintaining the existing contact arrangements. A small rim of isolating material is left around the contact area to avoid short circuits with the socket. The nano-SIM can be put into adapters for use with devices designed for 2FF or 3FF SIMs, and is made thinner for that purpose, and telephone companies give due warning about this. 4FF is 0.67 mm (0.026 in) thick, compared to the 0.76 mm (0.030 in) of its predecessors. 38: 292: 1504: 4589: 422:. The network operator that issued the SIM card can use this to have a phone connect to a preferred network that is more economic for the provider instead of having to pay the network operator that the phone discovered first. This does not mean that a phone containing this SIM card can connect to a maximum of only 33 or 80 networks, instead it means that the SIM card issuer can specify only up to that number of preferred networks. If a SIM is outside these preferred networks, it uses the first or best available network. 1314: 977: 46: 798: 989: 1151:, manufacturer of 2 billion SIM cards annually) ), enabling these intelligence agencies to monitor voice and data communications without the knowledge or approval of cellular network providers or judicial oversight. Having finished its investigation, Gemalto claimed that it has “reasonable grounds” to believe that the NSA and GCHQ carried out an operation to hack its network in 2010 and 2011, but says the number of possibly stolen keys would not have been massive. 4600: 1418:, meaning that the phone only works with SIM cards from the specific carrier. This is more common in markets where mobile phones are heavily subsidised by the carriers, and the business model depends on the customer staying with the service provider for a minimum term (typically 12, 18 or 24 months). SIM cards that are issued by providers with an associated contract, but where the carrier does not provide a mobile device (such as a mobile phone) are called 142:, with the SIM as its primary component. In practice the term "SIM card" is still used to refer to the entire unit and not simply the IC. A SIM contains a unique serial number, integrated circuit card identification (ICCID), international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number, security authentication and ciphering information, temporary information related to the local network, a list of the services the user has access to, and four passwords: a 1577: 166: 4577: 343: 1609: inch) thick. It has contacts on its front and back. It is used by placing it on top of a regular SIM card. It provides its own functionality while passing through the functionality of the SIM card underneath. It can be used to bypass the mobile operating network and run custom applications, particularly on non-programmable cell phones. 1381:-based devices originally did not use a removable card, and the service for these phones is bound to a unique identifier contained in the handset itself. This is most prevalent in operators in the Americas. The first publication of the TIA-820 standard (also known as 3GPP2 C.S0023) in 2000 defined the Removable User Identity Module ( 275:(ICMA), there were 5.4 billion SIM cards manufactured globally in 2016 creating over $ 6.5 billion in revenue for traditional SIM card vendors. The rise of cellular IoT and 5G networks was predicted by Ericsson to drive the growth of the addressable market for SIM cards to over 20 billion devices by 2020. The introduction of 1628:, announced its intention to begin issuing thin SIMs to customers, raising security concerns by competition, particularly concerning the safety of mobile money accounts. However, after months of security testing and legal hearings before the country's Parliamentary Committee on Energy, Information and Communications, the 1533:, where variable billing rates, network coverage and speed make it desirable for consumers to use multiple SIMs from competing networks. Dual-SIM phones are also useful to separate one's personal phone number from a business phone number, without having to carry multiple devices. Some popular devices, such as the 777:(LAI). Operator networks are divided into location areas, each having a unique LAI number. When the device changes locations, it stores the new LAI to the SIM and sends it back to the operator network with its new location. If the device is power cycled, it takes data off the SIM, and searches for the prior LAI. 1422:

deals. Common examples are the GSM networks in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Poland. UK mobile networks ended SIM lock practices in December 2021. Many businesses offer the ability to remove the SIM lock from a phone, effectively making it possible to then use the phone on any network by

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The micro-SIM was designed for backward compatibility. The major issue for backward compatibility was the contact area of the chip. Retaining the same contact area makes the micro-SIM compatible with the prior, larger SIM readers through the use of plastic cutout surrounds. The SIM was also designed

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As required by E.118, the ITU-T updates a list of all current internationally assigned IIN codes in its Operational Bulletins which are published twice a month (the last as of January 2019 was No. 1163 from 1 January 2019). ITU-T also publishes complete lists: as of August 2023, the list issued on 1

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into which ICCID is stored as packed BCD, the data field has room for 20 digits with hexadecimal digit "F" being used as filler when necessary. In practice, this means that on GSM cards there are 20-digit (19+1) and 19-digit (18+1) ICCIDs in use, depending upon the issuer. However, a single issuer

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who lease capacity from one of the network operators rather than owning or operating a cellular telecoms network and only provide a SIM card to their customers. MVNOs first appeared in Denmark, Hong Kong, Finland and the UK. By 2011 they existed in over 50 countries, including most of Europe, the

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An embedded SIM (eSIM) is a form of programmable SIM that is embedded directly into a device. The surface mount format provides the same electrical interface as the full size, 2FF and 3FF SIM cards, but is soldered to a circuit board as part of the manufacturing process. In M2M applications where

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SIM-only contracts differ from mobile phone contracts in that they do not include any hardware other than a SIM card. In terms of network usage, SIM-only is typically more cost-effective than other contracts because the provider does not charge more to offset the cost of a mobile device over the

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In countries where the phones are not subsidised, e.g., India, Israel and Belgium, all phones are unlocked. Where the phone is not locked to its SIM card, the users can easily switch networks by simply replacing the SIM card of one network with that of another while using only one phone. This is

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Within a SIM-only contract, the mobile network provider supplies their customer with just one piece of hardware, a SIM card, which includes an agreed amount of network usage in exchange for a monthly payment. Network usage within a SIM-only contract can be measured in minutes, text, data or any

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Most SIM cards store a number of SMS messages and phone book contacts. It stores the contacts in simple "name and number" pairs. Entries that contain multiple phone numbers and additional phone numbers are usually not stored on the SIM card. When a user tries to copy such entries to a SIM, the

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Its top surface is a connector that connects to the phone in place of the normal SIM. Its bottom surface is a connector that connects to the SIM in place of the phone. With electronics, it can modify signals in either direction, thus presenting a modified SIM to the phone, and/or presenting a

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In GSM-only times, the SIM consisted of the hardware and the software. With the advent of UMTS, this naming was split: the SIM was now an application and hence only software. The hardware part was called UICC. This split was necessary because UMTS introduced a new application, the universal

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When the mobile equipment starts up, it obtains the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) from the SIM card, and passes this to the mobile operator, requesting access and authentication. The mobile equipment may have to pass a PIN to the SIM card before the SIM card reveals this

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handset's software breaks them into multiple entries, discarding information that is not a phone number. The number of contacts and messages stored depends on the SIM; early models stored as few as five messages and 20 contacts, while modern SIM cards can usually store over 250 contacts.

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and all use SIM cards. However, Japanese CDMA2000-based phones are locked to the R-UIM they are associated with and thus, the cards are not interchangeable with other Japanese CDMA2000 handsets (though they may be inserted into GSM/WCDMA handsets for roaming purposes outside Japan).

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The eSIM standard, initially introduced in 2016, has progressively supplanted traditional physical SIM cards across various sectors, notably in cellular telephony. In September 2017, Apple introduced the Apple Watch Series 3 featuring eSIM. In October 2018, Apple introduced the

1008:) lets such a card be used in a device that requires a full-size card – or in a device that requires a mini-SIM card, after breaking the linking pieces. As the full-size SIM is obsolete, some suppliers refer to the mini-SIM as a "standard SIM" or "regular SIM". 1285:) is a form of SIM directly integrated into the modem chip or main processor of the device itself. As a consequence they are smaller, cheaper and more reliable than eSIMs, they can improve security and ease the logistics and production of small devices i.e. for 3498: 1537:, have dual-SIM variants; however, dual-SIM devices were not common in the US or Europe due to lack of demand. This has changed with mainline products from Apple and Google featuring either two SIM slots or a combination of a physical SIM slot and an eSIM. 1430:

In 2016, carriers started using the concept of automatic SIM reactivation whereby they let users reuse expired SIM cards instead of purchasing new ones when they wish to re-subscribe to that operator. This is particularly useful in countries where

363:), ETSI TS 102 588 (application invocation), and ETSI TS 131 111 (toolkit for more SIM-likes). SIM toolkit applications were initially written in native code using proprietary APIs. To provide interoperability of the applications, ETSI chose 1206:

containing at least a SIM application and a USIM application. This configuration is necessary because older GSM only handsets are solely compatible with the SIM application and some UMTS security enhancements rely on the USIM application.

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The operator network then compares its computed SRES_1 with the computed SRES_2 that the mobile equipment returned. If the two numbers match, the SIM is authenticated and the mobile equipment is granted access to the operator's network.

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You may also have to use one of the enclosed adaptors. If you don't follow these guidelines your phone warranty could be invalidated. We're afraid we can't accept responsibility for any damage to your phone if you choose to ignore this

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In September 2019, Cathal Mc Daid, a security researcher from Adaptive Mobile Security, described how vulnerabilities in some SIM cards that contained the S@T Browser library were being actively exploited. This vulnerability was named

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to run at the same speed (5 MHz) as the prior version. The same size and positions of pins resulted in numerous "How-to" tutorials and YouTube videos with detailed instructions how to cut a mini-SIM card to micro-SIM size.

438:). Nowadays ICCID numbers are also used to identify eSIM profiles, not only physical SIM cards. ICCIDs are stored in the SIM cards and are also engraved or printed on the SIM card body during a process called personalisation. 358:

in TS 11.14. (There is an identical ETSI specification with different numbering.) ETSI and 3GPP maintain the SIM specifications. The main specifications are: ETSI TS 102 223 (the toolkit for smart cards), ETSI TS 102 241

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SIM-only is increasing in popularity very quickly. In 2010 pay monthly based mobile phone subscriptions grew from 41 per cent to 49 per cent of all UK mobile phone subscriptions. According to German research company

3494: 1828: 123:; sizes were reduced several times over the years, usually keeping electrical contacts the same, to fit smaller-sized devices. SIMs are transferable between different mobile devices by removing the card itself. 283:(RSP) from the GSMA may disrupt the traditional SIM card ecosystem with the entrance of new players specializing in "digital" SIM card provisioning and other value-added services for mobile network operators. 1617:, which connects between a game console and a game cartridge, creating a modified game). Similar devices have also been developed for iPhones to circumvent SIM card restrictions on carrier-locked models. 3550: 1000:(or 2FF) card has the same contact arrangement as the full-size SIM card and is normally supplied within a full-size card carrier, attached by a number of linking pieces. This arrangement (defined in 794:

SIM cards have been made smaller over the years; functionality is independent of format. Full-size SIM was followed by mini-SIM, micro-SIM, and nano-SIM. SIM cards are also made to embed in devices.

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shut down PDC from 31 March 2010) also specified a SIM, but this has never been implemented commercially. The specification of the interface between the Mobile Equipment and the SIM is given in the

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STD-27 annexe 4. The Subscriber Identity Module Expert Group was a committee of specialists assembled by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to draw up the specifications (

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combination of these. The duration of a SIM-only contract varies depending on the deal selected by the customer, but in the UK they are typically available over 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24-month periods.

1179:. These development steps are referred as releases by ETSI. Within these development cycles, the SIM specification was enhanced as well: new voltage classes, formats and files were introduced. 1069:

ETSI has responded to a market need from ETSI customers, but additionally there is a strong desire not to invalidate, overnight, the existing interface, nor reduce the performance of the cards.

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4-by-4-millimetre (0.16 in × 0.16 in) silicon chip in a SIM card which has been peeled open. Note the thin gold bonding wires, and the regular, rectangular digital memory areas.

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typical, for example, among users who may want to optimise their carrier's traffic by different tariffs to different friends on different networks, or when travelling internationally.

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also use SIM cards. Sometimes, these SIM cards work in regular GSM phones and also allow GSM customers to roam in satellite networks by using their own SIM cards in a satellite phone.

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subscriber identity module (USIM). The USIM brought, among other things, security improvements like mutual authentication and longer encryption keys, and an improved address book.

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Normally there are 10 digits, but can be fewer in the case of a 3-digit MNC or if national regulations indicate that the total length of the IMSI should be less than 15 digits.

624:(MNC). Three-digit MNC codes are allowed by E.212 but are mainly used in the United States and Canada. One MCC can have both 2 digit and 3 digit MNCs, an example is 350 007. 2326: 2130: 1794: 1489:

Increasing smartphone penetration combined with financial concerns is leading customers to save money by moving onto a SIM-only when their initial contract term is over.

239:. 3GPP is now responsible for the further development of applications like SIM (TS 51.011) and USIM (TS 31.102) and ETSI for the further development of the physical card 2191: 1817: 1159:. Attackers were using the vulnerability to track the location of thousands of mobile phone users in several countries. Further details of the research were provided at 2645: 3270: 1273:, which was the first iPad to support eSIM. In September 2022, Apple introduced the iPhone 14 series which was the first eSIM exclusive iPhone in the United States. 741:

associated with the IMSI (and stored on the SIM card), computing another number, that is split into the Signed Response 1 (SRES_1, 32 bits) and the encryption key K

391:) number, service provider name (SPN), service dialing numbers (SDN), advice-of-charge parameters and value-added service (VAS) applications. (Refer to GSM 11.11.) 3323: 2096: 1517:

devices have two SIM card slots for the use of two SIM cards, from one or multiple carriers. Multiple SIM devices are commonplace in developing markets such as in

367:. A multi-company collaboration called GlobalPlatform defines some extensions on the cards, with additional APIs and features like more cryptographic security and 2790: 418:

version has room for 80 MNCs. This is used by network operators to store data on preferred networks, mostly used when the SIM is not in its home network but is

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SIM cards store network-specific information used to authenticate and identify subscribers on the network. The most important of these are the ICCID, IMSI,

3429:...colloquially referred to as the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, although current standards use the term Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). 2915: 2706: 1252: 1073:

Micro-SIM cards were introduced by various mobile service providers for the launch of the original iPad, and later for smartphones, from April 2010. The

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Modern SIM cards allow applications to load when the SIM is in use by the subscriber. These applications communicate with the handset or a server using

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contract between a mobile network provider and a customer. The contract itself takes the form of a credit agreement and is subject to a credit check.

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contract period. The short contract length is one of the key features of SIM-only – made possible by the absence of a mobile device.

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SCP is co-operating on both technical and service aspects with a number of other committees both within and outside the telecommunications sector.

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United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia and parts of Asia, and accounted for approximately 10% of all mobile phone subscribers around the world.

4362: 3596: 3146: 2382:"List of issuer identifier numbers for the international telecommunication charge card (in accordance with Recommendation ITU-T E.118 (05/2006))" 3406: 2632:

Thinner to allow adapters so that the 4FF can be "clicked" into adapters for use as a Plug-in SIM or 3FF SIM giving a kind of backward usability

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there is no requirement to change the SIM card, this avoids the requirement for a connector, improving reliability and security. An eSIM can be

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The work item for the so-called Third Form Factor, "3FF", was agreed, after intensive discussions, at the SCP meeting held last week in London.

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inserting a different SIM card. Mostly, GSM and 3G mobile handsets can easily be unlocked and used on any suitable network with any SIM card.

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While no actual source is available for this fact, GSMArena is a reputable website for mobile phone specifications, and seems to prove this.

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is superseding physical SIM cards in some domains, including cellular telephony. eSIM uses a software-based SIM embedded into an irremovable

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Today (2023), SIM cards are ubiquitous, allowing over 8 billion devices to connect to cellular networks around the world. According to the

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Seeking the Truth from Mobile Evidence: Basic Fundamentals, Intermediate and Advanced Overview of Current Mobile Forensic Investigations

1486:, 250,000 SIM-only mobile contracts were taken up in the UK during July 2012 alone, the highest figure since GfK began keeping records. 204:(IC) chip. The idea of incorporating a silicon IC chip onto a plastic card originates from the late 1960s. Smart cards have since used 387:, local area identity (LAI) and operator-specific emergency number. The SIM also stores other carrier-specific data such as the SMSC ( 4232: 2978: 673: 748:

The operator network then sends the RAND to the mobile equipment, which passes it to the SIM card. The SIM card signs it with its K

703:. In practice, the GSM cryptographic algorithm for computing a signed response (SRES_1/SRES_2: see steps 3 and 4, below) from the K 602: 77: 2287: 3731: 2511: 1720: 1656: 2322: 2749: 2123: 1786: 1662: 1392:

is called the universal integrated circuit card (UICC), which runs a USIM application. The UICC is still colloquially called a

2591: 2184: 3390: 3180: 3156: 3065: 3049: 1125: 2652: 1723: – Unstructured Supplementary Service Data: list of standard GSM codes for network and SIM related functions 4508: 3824: 3684: – Specification of the SIM Application Toolkit for the Subscriber Identity Module-Mobile Equipment (SIM-ME) interface 1760: 1032: 3262: 1112:

In July 2013, Karsten Nohl, a security researcher from SRLabs, described vulnerabilities in some SIM cards that supported

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One manufacturer stated that it may be difficult to meeting ISO mechanical standards for a combined ID-1/micro-SIM card.

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Working Party, which is the standards-setting body for GSM SIM cards, and the form factor was agreed upon in late 2003.

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Individual account identification number. Its length is variable, but every number under one IIN has the same length.

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in the specification TS 11.11. This describes the physical and logical behaviour of the SIM. With the development of

4182: 2389: 2250: 1949: 1917: 1629: 1439:, as users had to return to a carrier shop to purchase a new SIM each time they wanted to churn back to an operator. 1203: 1197: 360: 240: 127: 4647: 4483: 4057: 3854: 3785: 2791:"Thales Completes Acquisition Of Gemalto To Become A Global Leader In Digital Identity And Security | Thales Group" 3610: 2938: 453:. According to E.118, the number can be up to 19 digits long, including a single check digit calculated using the 315:-3 classes A, B and C, respectively). The operating voltage of the majority of SIM cards launched before 1998 was 4637: 4632: 1405: 1224: 150:(PUK) for PIN unlocking as well as a second pair (called PIN2 and PUK2 respectively) which are used for managing 4120: 2592:"TS 102 221 - V11.0.0 - Smart Cards; UICC-Terminal interface; Physical and logical characteristics (Release 11)" 2279: 4125: 2907: 1879: 1382: 1367:

11.11) for interfacing between smart cards and mobile telephones. In 1994, the name SIMEG was changed to SMG9.

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When GSM was already in use, the specifications were further developed and enhanced with functionality such as

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connect mobile phone calls and communicate with their market SIM cards using their IMSIs. The format is:

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and some other functionality. In Europe, the serial SIM number (SSN) is also sometimes accompanied by an

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or let someone steal payment credentials from the SIM. Further details of the research were provided at

756:, which it gives to the mobile equipment. The mobile equipment passes SRES_2 on to the operator network. 4627: 4503: 4379: 4153: 3232: 3008: 2770: 2162: 1104:, released in September 2012, was the first device to use a nano-SIM card, followed by other handsets. 2682: 2097:"Official Publication of the International Card Manufacturers Association February 2017 Volume 27 No1" 4145: 2299: 1625: 1352: 1270: 981: 255: 49: 2414: 2049: 4581: 3960: 3901: 1294: 1265:; end-users can add or remove operators without the need to physically swap a SIM from the device. 1136: 1113: 2566: 4546: 4541: 3965: 3572: 2943: 2816: 1262: 1235: 606: 458: 351: 280: 147: 112: 17: 2216: 1128:

said that the development was "hugely significant" and that it would be contacting its members.

4513: 4242: 4227: 4192: 3868: 3717: 3292: 3009:"Simjacker — Frequently Asked Questions and Demos | Mobile Security News | AdaptiveMobile" 1432: 1333: 774: 3642:"Africa's new thin SIM cards: The line between banks and telcos just got thinner – ZDNet" 2457: 1939: 1256:

Embedded SIM from M2M supplier Eseye with an adapter board for evaluation in a mini-SIM socket

80:(IMSI) number and its related key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers on 4556: 4460: 4374: 4021: 3999: 3780: 2908:"Simjacker – Next Generation Spying Over Mobile | Mobile Security News | AdaptiveMobile" 3678: – Specification of the Subscriber Identity Module-Mobile Equipment (SIM-ME) interface. 1903: 764:

is used to encrypt all further communications between the mobile equipment and the operator.

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Correia, Luis M.; Abramowicz, Henrik; Johnsson, Martin; Wünstel, Klaus (6 January 2011).

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was the first smartphone to use a micro-SIM card in June 2010, followed by many others.

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December 2018 was current, having all issuer identifier numbers before 1 December 2018.

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A GPP-branded SIM interposer used to circumvent network restrictions on carrier-locked

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The operator network searches its database for the incoming IMSI and its associated K

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Japan's current and next-generation cellular systems are based on W-CDMA (UMTS) and

964:(or 1FF, 1st form factor) was the first form factor to appear. It was the size of a 4488: 4433: 4299: 4265: 4175: 4110: 3982: 3911: 3765: 3748: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3454: 3327: 3296: 1689: 1679: 1668: 1298: 1044: 980:

The memory chip from a micro-SIM card without the plastic backing plate, next to a

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From left, full-size SIM (1FF), mini-SIM (2FF), micro-SIM (3FF), and nano-SIM (4FF)

684: 81: 3443:"Market Analysis for Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs): The Case of Turkey" 3172: 3073: 2847:"Gemalto: NSA/GCHQ Hack 'Probably Happened' But Didn't Include Mass SIM Key Theft" 1238:

that does not require a SIM card to connect phone calls to a user's mobile phone.

949: 4327: 4317: 4292: 4275: 4252: 4082: 4077: 3970: 3703: 2777: 2713: 2306: 2283: 1756: 1452: 1329: 116: 1599:) is a very thin device shaped like a SIM card, approximately 120 microns ( 664:

is still needed but other parameters are also needed). Each SIM holds a unique K

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SIM card has no distinctive carrier markings and is only marked as a "SIM card".

4309: 4282: 4260: 3994: 2979:"Virus Bulletin :: Simjacker — the next frontier in mobile espionage" 2846: 1684: 1530: 1356: 1160: 1148: 577: 454: 3693: 3582: 2878:"Simjacker attack exploited in the wild to track users for at least two years" 2817:"The Great SIM Heist – How Spies Stole the Keys to the Encryption Castle" 162:(EAN) required when registering online for the subscription of a prepaid card. 4621: 4423: 4072: 4036: 3987: 3975: 3468: 2952: 2298:

ETSI, ETSI Recommendation GSM 11.11, Specifications of the SIM-ME Interface,

1699: 1694: 1508: 1132: 1117: 1051:(OMA) for the purpose of fitting into devices too small for a mini-SIM card. 976: 712: 699:

can be extracted from the SIM card, or the carrier is willing to reveal the K

139: 119:, smart watches, computers, or cameras. The first SIM cards were the size of 45: 3690: – Specification of the security mechanisms for SIM application toolkit 3041:

Future Telco: Successful Positioning of Network Operators in the Digital Age

2351: 1093:, Apple's design for an even smaller SIM card was accepted by the ETSI. The 4455: 4418: 4352: 4062: 3953: 3740: 1991: 1965: 1313: 1001: 837: 601:

SIM cards are identified on their individual operator networks by a unique

450: 312: 213: 93: 85: 3203:"New iPad Pro with all-screen design Is most advanced, powerful iPad ever" 2542:"Nano-SIM war: here's what Apple and Nokia want to put in your next phone" 2381: 2246: 988: 691:, that the phone uses to pass data to the SIM card to be signed with the K 4443: 4408: 4357: 4332: 3894: 3834: 3459: 2485: 1905:

Java Card Technology for Smart Cards: Architecture and Programmer's Guide

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UPDATE 1-UN warns on mobile cybersecurity bugs in bid to prevent attacks

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assigned to it by the operator during the personalisation process. The K

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The SIM card introduced a new and significant business opportunity for

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The operator network then generates a random number (RAND, which is a

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After a debate in early 2012 between a few designs created by Apple,

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The SIM stores network state information, which is received from the

364: 120: 53: 1632:(CAK) gave the bank the green light to roll out its thin SIM cards. 1297:

Used these inside their 2G & 3G Phones from 2002-2015. In 2021,

402:. All can store a maximum of 250 contacts on the SIM, but while the 165: 4438: 4210: 3817: 3807: 3442: 1514: 1498: 1415: 1371: 1341: 1101: 1074: 1005: 3706: – The International Telecommunication Charge Card 2006 ITU-T 707:

has certain vulnerabilities that can allow the extraction of the K

695:. This, by design, makes using the SIM card mandatory unless the K 596: 4337: 4115: 3792: 2707:

Encryption Bug in SIM Card Can be Used to Hack Millions of Phones

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before use (often called pay as you go, abbreviated to PAYG), or

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Architecture and Design for the Future Internet: 4WARD Project

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The SIM card is designed to prevent someone from getting the K

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The form factor was mentioned in the December 1998 3GPP SMG9

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modified phone to the SIM. (It is a similar concept to the

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X-ray image of a mini-SIM, showing the chip and connections

880: 355: 342: 276: 236: 232: 228: 178: 948:

All versions of the non-embedded SIM cards share the same

52:

nano-SIM card with NFC capabilities in the SIM tray of an

4523: 3948: 3441:

Kimiloglu, Hande; Ozturan, Meltem; Kutlu, Birgul (2011).

2325:. ETSI Technical Committee Smart Card Platform (TB SCP). 1483: 1364: 1322: 1172: 657: 265: 104: 3547:"UK sales of SIM-only mobile contracts set a new record" 3324:"nuSIM – die integrierte SIM für das Internet der Dinge" 1406: 656:

is a 128-bit value used in authenticating the SIMs on a

576:

Single digit calculated from the other digits using the

504:, i.e. prepending a zero to their common calling code +1 3921: 3916: 3906: 3889: 3884: 3873: 3120: 1385:). Card-based CDMA devices are most prevalent in Asia. 533:, even though it shares the calling code +7 with Russia 262: 3385:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 300. 2823:. The Intercept (First Look Media). 19 February 2015. 319:. SIM cards produced subsequently are compatible with 235:, the specification work was partially transferred to 115:-capable handsets. SIM cards are also used in various 3440: 2185:"ETSI TS 102 241: UICC API for Java Card™ Release 13" 1202:"SIM cards" in developed countries today are usually 394:

SIM cards can come in various data capacities, from

2275:, The international telecommunication charge card, 2046:"G&D – History of Giesecke & Devrient" 126:Technically the actual physical card is known as a 96:contacts information, and may be protected using a 41:

A typical SIM card (mini-SIM with micro-SIM cutout)

2505: 2503: 1308: 464:The number is composed of the following subparts: 299:There are three operating voltages for SIM cards: 254:, who sold the first 300 SIM cards to the Finnish 3173:"Apple Watch Series 3 – Technical Specifications" 2567:"New SIM card format for slimmer, smaller phones" 1223:and the equivalent of the SIM application is the 476:Major industry identifier (MII), 2 fixed digits, 441:The ICCID is defined by the ITU-T recommendation 30:"Micro-SIM" redirects here. For the company, see 4619: 3447:International Journal of Business and Management 2607: 1219:networks, the equivalent of the SIM card is the 968:(85.60 mm × 53.98 mm × 0.76 mm). 2500: 2217:"Specifications Archive: Secure Element (Card)" 2019:Next Generation Mobile Communications Ecosystem 1854:"Calling Features on Your Samsung Galaxy Phone" 1025:European Telecommunications Standards Institute 597:International mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) 246:The first SIM card was manufactured in 1991 by 3412:National Institute of Standards and Technology 2072:"World's First GSM Call was made 20 years ago" 1143:had stolen the encryption keys (Ki's) used by 430:Each SIM is internationally identified by its 3725: 1815: 687:. Instead, the SIM card provides a function, 637:Digits are different from country to country. 3066:"eUICC – The Future for SIM Technology" 2512:"New form factor for smart cards introduced" 2320: 1809: 1317:SIM cards of various German mobile operators 780: 752:, producing Signed Response 2 (SRES_2) and K 584:With the GSM Phase 1 specification using 10 273:International Card Manufacturers Association 261:, who launched the world's first commercial 3595:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 2716:, published 2013-07-21, accessed 2013-07-22 1435:dominate and where competition drives high 1065:The chairman of EP SCP, Klaus Vedder, said 620:The next two or three digits represent the 27:Integrated circuit card for a mobile device 3732: 3718: 3233:"iPhone 14 Pro – Technical Specifications" 2780:, Reuters, 2013-07-21, accessed 2013-07-21 2352:"Operational Bulletin No. 1163 (1.I.2019)" 2010: 1451:companies, "SIM-only" refers to a type of 643: 589:always uses the same size for its ICCIDs. 523:, i.e. appending 01 to its calling code +7 188: 3458: 3407:"Communication · Mobile Threat Catalogue" 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2643: 2509: 1937: 768: 3580: 3355:"New Vulnerabilities in Older SIM Cards" 2939:"Hackers Use Spyware to Track SIM Cards" 2124:"Ericsson Mobility Report November 2015" 1941:Nanometer CMOS ICs: From Basics to ASICs 1575: 1502: 1312: 1276: 1251: 987: 975: 796: 603:international mobile subscriber identity 341: 290: 164: 78:international mobile subscriber identity 44: 36: 3611:"Gevey SIM Unlocks iPhone 4 on iOS 4.3" 3037: 2539: 2481:"Inside the iPad Lurks the 'Micro SIM'" 1657:International Mobile Equipment Identity 1492: 1234:is a mobile phone number provided by a 1043:(GSMA SCaG and GSMNA), GlobalPlatform, 660:mobile network (for USIM network, the K 380: 227:The SIM was initially specified by the 14: 4620: 3583:"Keynote by Ross Anderson at CCS 2016" 3352: 3293:"nuSIM: Unsere innovative iSIM-Lösung" 2719: 2021:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 306. 1897: 1895: 1893: 1663:IP Multimedia Services Identity Module 1414:On some networks, the mobile phone is 1241: 3713: 3621:from the original on 26 February 2022 3603: 3553:from the original on 25 February 2013 2936: 2827:from the original on 19 February 2015 2683:"Phone Finder results - GSMArena.com" 2510:Antipolis, Sophia (8 December 2003). 2478: 2409: 2407: 2386:International Telecommunication Union 2316: 2314: 2153: 2151: 2118: 2116: 2040: 2038: 1780: 1778: 1447:Commonly sold as a product by mobile 1355:system (which was shut down in 2012; 1321:The use of SIM cards is mandatory in 1126:International Telecommunication Union 672:is also stored in a database (termed 613:The first three digits represent the 3501:from the original on 4 November 2016 3321: 3213:from the original on 30 October 2018 3144: 2608:Dr. Klaus Vedder (18 January 2012). 2016: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1901: 1797:from the original on 24 October 2019 1784: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1023:The micro-SIM was introduced by the 984:, which is approx. 18 mm in diameter 711:from a SIM card and the making of a 3495:"Gemalto pioneers SIM reactivation" 2875: 2752:from the original on 2 January 2018 2431:from the original on 23 August 2013 2392:from the original on 5 January 2019 2362:from the original on 5 January 2019 2329:from the original on 24 August 2013 2253:from the original on 18 August 2016 1890: 1860:. Limit Calling to Specific Numbers 1763:from the original on 12 August 2011 1757:"Hackers crack open mobile network" 1399: 1124:on 31 July 2013. In response, the 354:, which was initially specified by 76:(IC) intended to securely store an 24: 4562:USA use restrictions while driving 4537:Legality of recording by civilians 3639: 3527:from the original on 23 April 2014 3521:"A nation addicted to smartphones" 3322:Kunz, Daniel (15 February 2022) . 3243:from the original on 24 March 2023 3183:from the original on 8 August 2019 2937:Olson, Parmy (13 September 2019). 2857:from the original on 30 March 2015 2615:. ETSI. p. 12. Archived from 2514:. SmartCard Trends. Archived from 2404: 2311: 2148: 2136:from the original on 17 March 2017 2113: 2035: 1998:from the original on 14 April 2016 1972:from the original on 28 April 2016 1834:from the original on 20 March 2023 1775: 676:or AuC) on the carrier's network. 500:countries, apart from Canada, use 468:Issuer identification number (IIN) 432:integrated circuit card identifier 25: 4659: 3739: 3669: 3475:from the original on 20 June 2023 3303:from the original on 22 June 2022 3273:from the original on 22 June 2022 3019:from the original on 28 July 2021 2989:from the original on 28 July 2021 2959:from the original on 28 July 2021 2918:from the original on 28 July 2021 2888:from the original on 28 July 2021 2479:Segan, Sascha (27 January 2010). 2227:from the original on 31 July 2019 2197:from the original on 8 March 2021 1944:. Springer. pp. 315, 481–2. 1926: 1744: 1630:Communications Authority of Kenya 1556:featuring Dual SIM (nano-SIM and 1210: 1198:Universal integrated circuit card 552:Individual account identification 128:universal integrated circuit card 111:phones, they are needed only for 4599: 4598: 4587: 4575: 3419:from the original on 20 May 2021 3353:Bolton, David (26 August 2013). 3269:(in German). Portalavenue GmbH. 2540:Ziegler, Chris (26 March 2012). 2165:from the original on 7 June 2017 955: 941: 938: 935: 806:SIM card formats and dimensions 295:SIM chip structure and packaging 3696: – API and realization of 3654:from the original on 2 May 2019 3633: 3565: 3539: 3513: 3487: 3434: 3399: 3372: 3346: 3315: 3285: 3255: 3225: 3195: 3165: 3145:Bair, John (17 November 2017). 3138: 3113: 3088: 3058: 3038:Krüssel, Peter (23 July 2018). 3031: 3001: 2971: 2930: 2900: 2869: 2839: 2809: 2783: 2764: 2738: 2700: 2674: 2637: 2601: 2584: 2559: 2533: 2472: 2446: 2374: 2344: 2292: 2265: 2239: 2209: 2177: 2089: 2064: 1938:Veendrick, Harry J. M. (2017). 1309:Usage in mobile phone standards 1305:, an "Integrated SIM for IoT". 1166: 538:Issuer identifier, 1–4 digits. 486:, 2 or 3 digits, as defined by 480:for telecommunication purposes. 92:). SIMs are also able to store 3151:. Academic Press. p. 73. 2735:, SR Labs, accessed 2013-07-22 1984: 1958: 1872: 1846: 1624:, an MVNO operated by Kenya's 1416:locked to its carrier SIM card 846:53.98 mm (2.125 in) 627:The next digits represent the 146:(PIN) for ordinary use, and a 144:personal identification number 13: 1: 3072:. 5 July 2019. Archived from 2321:Gaby Lenhart (1 April 2006). 1818:"Understanding SIM evolution" 1738: 1507:Dual SIM slots as shown on a 912:0.67 mm (0.026 in) 892:0.76 mm (0.030 in) 883:TS 102 221 V9.0.0, Mini-UICC 869:0.76 mm (0.030 in) 849:0.76 mm (0.030 in) 197:, the basis for which is the 100:to prevent unauthorized use. 4582:Telecommunication portal 3581:CCS 2016 (7 November 2016). 2271:ITU-T, ITU-T Recommendation 1992:"3GPP specification: 31.102" 1966:"3GPP specification: 51.011" 1785:Tait, Don (25 August 2016). 1759:. bbc.co.uk. 20 April 2011. 1462:- where the subscriber buys 1011: 906:12.3 mm (0.48 in) 843:85.6 mm (3.37 in) 629:Mobile identification number 562:Mobile identification number 389:Short Message service center 156:international article number 7: 2247:"3GPP specification: 11.11" 2159:"GSMA Embedded SIM and RSP" 1910:Addison-Wesley Professional 1674:Mobile equipment identifier 1635: 1571: 1442: 1388:The equivalent of a SIM in 1107: 1080: 971: 909:8.8 mm (0.35 in) 138:with embedded contacts and 10: 4664: 4504:Phantom vibration syndrome 4499:Mental health from overuse 2456:. Foned.nl. Archived from 2454:"What is a microsim card?" 1496: 1458:SIM-only contracts can be 1245: 1195: 889:12 mm (0.47 in) 886:15 mm (0.59 in) 866:15 mm (0.59 in) 863:25 mm (0.98 in) 860:ISO/IEC 7810:2003, ID-000 789: 193:The SIM card is a type of 66:Subscriber Identity Module 29: 4570: 4522: 4469: 4399: 4308: 4251: 4218: 4205: 4183:Open-source mobile phones 4144: 4096: 4046: 4035: 3934: 3853: 3761: 3747: 2323:"The Smart Card Platform" 1271:iPad Pro (3rd generation) 916: 896: 873: 853: 830: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 781:SMS messages and contacts 737:) and signs it with the K 472:Maximum of seven digits: 449:. Its layout is based on 286: 256:wireless network operator 3044:. Springer. p. 13. 2305:27 November 2007 at the 1295:Verizon (mobile network) 903:ETSI TS 102 221 V11.0.0 718:Authentication process: 607:Mobile network operators 425: 268:cell network that year. 103:SIMs are always used on 4648:Computer access control 4547:Photography and the law 4542:Mobile phones in prison 3013:blog.adaptivemobile.com 2944:The Wall Street Journal 2912:blog.adaptivemobile.com 2282:17 October 2012 at the 1236:mobile network operator 1191: 1182: 1027:(ETSI) along with SCP, 930:Design Guide 4.8, SON-8 925:ETSI TS 102.671 V9.0.0 560:Often identical to the 541:Often identical to the 459:mobile network operator 374: 371:contactless use added. 352:SIM Application Toolkit 327:. Modern cards support 281:remote SIM provisioning 189:History and procurement 160:European article number 148:personal unblocking key 4638:Cryptographic hardware 4633:Mobile phone standards 3100:asianwirelesscomms.com 3096:"The eSIM opportunity" 2017:Asif, Saad Z. (2011). 1584: 1511: 1318: 1257: 1071: 993: 985: 802: 775:location area identity 769:Location area identity 447:primary account number 347: 296: 206:MOS integrated circuit 174: 57: 42: 4594:Telephones portal 4557:Texting while driving 4494:External power supply 4193:Windows Phone devices 2983:www.virusbulletin.com 2776:19 March 2022 at the 1902:Chen, Zhiqun (2000). 1579: 1506: 1316: 1277:Integrated SIM (iSIM) 1255: 1067: 991: 979: 800: 674:authentication center 644:Authentication key (K 381:authentication key (K 345: 294: 212:technologies such as 168: 121:credit and bank cards 48: 40: 4509:Radiation and health 3825:Standards comparison 3585:– via YouTube. 3460:10.5539/ijbm.v6n6p39 3267:M2M-Kommunikation.de 2853:. 25 February 2015. 2746:"Black Hat USA 2013" 2712:24 July 2013 at the 2052:on 24 September 2015 1705:Single Wire Protocol 1562:Apple Watch Series 4 1493:Multiple-SIM devices 1263:provisioned remotely 1049:Open Mobile Alliance 685:smart-card interface 152:fixed dialing number 32:MicroSim Corporation 3497:. 3 November 2016. 3334:on 23 November 2021 2795:www.thalesgroup.com 2460:on 22 February 2013 2424:. 25 January 1999. 1816:GSMA Intelligence. 1540:In September 2018, 1281:An integrated SIM ( 1242:Embedded SIM (eSIM) 1163:on 3 October 2019. 817:Standard reference 807: 622:Mobile network code 615:Mobile country code 543:Mobile country code 412:network identifiers 408:Mobile country code 134:is usually made of 3694:GSM 03.48 Java API 2876:Cimpanu, Catalin. 2658:on 25 January 2018 2388:. 5 January 2015. 2288:Revision "05/2006" 1585: 1512: 1449:telecommunications 1319: 1291:Sprint Corporation 1258: 1135:reported that the 1131:In February 2015, 994: 986: 805: 803: 713:duplicate SIM card 348: 297: 208:chips, along with 202:integrated circuit 175: 74:integrated circuit 58: 43: 4628:German inventions 4613: 4612: 4552:Telephone tapping 4395: 4394: 4343:Instant messaging 4201: 4200: 3930: 3929: 3615:www.fonearena.com 3549:. The Fone Cast. 3392:978-90-481-9346-2 3237:support.apple.com 3177:support.apple.com 3158:978-0-12-811057-7 3076:on 29 August 2019 3051:978-3-319-77724-5 2733:Rooting SIM cards 2622:on 30 August 2017 2076:www.fonearena.com 1825:GSMA Intelligence 1535:BlackBerry KeyOne 1453:legally liability 952:pin arrangement. 946: 945: 932:GSMA SGP.22 V1.0 689:Run GSM Algorithm 252:Giesecke+Devrient 250:smart-card maker 171:TracFone Wireless 84:devices (such as 16:(Redirected from 4655: 4602: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4590: 4580: 4579: 4578: 4489:Electronic waste 4479:BlackBerry thumb 4429:Japanese culture 4216: 4215: 4176:iOS jailbreaking 4044: 4043: 3966:Operating system 3781:Network operator 3766:Channel capacity 3759: 3758: 3734: 3727: 3720: 3711: 3710: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3640:Heuler, Hilary. 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3594: 3586: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3462: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3424: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3330:. Archived from 3328:Deutsche Telekom 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3297:Deutsche Telekom 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2787: 2781: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2717: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2687:www.gsmarena.com 2678: 2672: 2671: 2665: 2663: 2657: 2651:. Archived from 2650: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2518:on 26 April 2010 2507: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2430: 2419: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2318: 2309: 2296: 2290: 2277:Revision history 2269: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2196: 2189: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2155: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2135: 2128: 2120: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2101: 2093: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2068: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2048:. Archived from 2042: 2033: 2032: 2014: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1988: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1935: 1924: 1923: 1912:. pp. 3–4. 1899: 1888: 1887: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1833: 1822: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1782: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1753: 1690:Regional lockout 1680:Mobile signature 1669:Mobile broadband 1608: 1607: 1603: 1408: 1400:SIM and carriers 1299:Deutsche Telekom 1045:Liberty Alliance 874:Micro-SIM (3FF) 831:Full-size (1FF) 811:SIM card format 808: 804: 417: 406:has room for 33 405: 401: 397: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 310: 306: 302: 117:satellite phones 82:mobile telephone 21: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4609: 4588: 4586: 4576: 4574: 4566: 4518: 4471: 4465: 4391: 4304: 4247: 4243:Cloud computing 4209: 4207: 4197: 4188:Symbian devices 4154:Android devices 4140: 4092: 4083:Satellite phone 4078:Projector phone 4038: 4031: 3936: 3926: 3849: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3738: 3672: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3588: 3587: 3577:Wayback Machine 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3439: 3435: 3422: 3420: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3393: 3377: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3246: 3244: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3159: 3143: 3139: 3129: 3127: 3119: 3118: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3079: 3077: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3036: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2789: 2788: 2784: 2778:Wayback Machine 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2720: 2714:Wayback Machine 2705: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2661: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2644:Virgin Mobile. 2642: 2638: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2612: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2538: 2534: 2521: 2519: 2508: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2332: 2330: 2319: 2312: 2307:Wayback Machine 2297: 2293: 2284:Wayback Machine 2270: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2230: 2228: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2168: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2133: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2055: 2053: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2029: 2015: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1975: 1973: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1936: 1927: 1920: 1900: 1891: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1863: 1861: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1820: 1814: 1810: 1800: 1798: 1783: 1776: 1766: 1764: 1755: 1754: 1745: 1741: 1638: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1574: 1564:featuring Dual 1501: 1495: 1445: 1402: 1357:SoftBank Mobile 1330:satellite phone 1311: 1301:introduced the 1279: 1250: 1244: 1213: 1200: 1194: 1185: 1169: 1110: 1083: 1041:GSM Association 1031:(UTRAN/GERAN), 1014: 974: 958: 931: 918: 897:Nano-SIM (4FF) 854:Mini-SIM (2FF) 792: 783: 771: 763: 755: 751: 744: 740: 729: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 682: 671: 667: 663: 655: 650: 647: 599: 490:recommendation 428: 415: 403: 399: 395: 384: 377: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 308: 304: 300: 289: 191: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4661: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4611: 4610: 4608: 4607: 4596: 4584: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4528: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4484:Driving safety 4481: 4475: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4447: 4446: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4405: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4372: 4371: 4370: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4263: 4257: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4203: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4179: 4178: 4168: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4150: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4102: 4100: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4047: 4041: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3995:Text messaging 3992: 3991: 3990: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3946: 3940: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3857: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3789: 3788: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3745: 3744: 3737: 3736: 3729: 3722: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3701: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3671: 3670:External links 3668: 3666: 3665: 3632: 3602: 3564: 3538: 3512: 3486: 3433: 3398: 3391: 3371: 3345: 3314: 3284: 3254: 3224: 3207:Apple Newsroom 3194: 3164: 3157: 3137: 3112: 3087: 3057: 3050: 3030: 3000: 2970: 2929: 2899: 2868: 2851:techcrunch.com 2838: 2808: 2797:. 2 April 2019 2782: 2763: 2737: 2718: 2699: 2673: 2636: 2600: 2583: 2558: 2532: 2499: 2471: 2445: 2403: 2373: 2343: 2310: 2300:Version 3.16.0 2291: 2264: 2238: 2221:GlobalPlatform 2208: 2176: 2147: 2112: 2088: 2063: 2034: 2028:978-1119995814 2027: 2009: 1983: 1957: 1950: 1925: 1918: 1889: 1880:"Access codes" 1871: 1845: 1808: 1793:. IHS Markit. 1791:IHS Technology 1774: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1729: 1724: 1721:GSM USSD codes 1718: 1713: 1708: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1685:Multi-SIM card 1682: 1677: 1671: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1637: 1634: 1573: 1570: 1531:Southeast Asia 1497:Main article: 1494: 1491: 1444: 1441: 1401: 1398: 1310: 1307: 1289:applications. 1278: 1275: 1246:Main article: 1243: 1240: 1212: 1211:Other variants 1209: 1196:Main article: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1181: 1168: 1165: 1147:(now known as 1109: 1106: 1082: 1079: 1013: 1010: 973: 970: 957: 954: 944: 943: 940: 937: 934: 923: 920: 914: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 898: 894: 893: 890: 887: 884: 878: 875: 871: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 851: 850: 847: 844: 841: 835: 832: 828: 827: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 791: 788: 782: 779: 770: 767: 766: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 746: 742: 738: 731: 727: 724: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 680: 669: 665: 661: 653: 649: 645: 642: 639: 638: 635: 632: 625: 618: 598: 595: 582: 581: 578:Luhn algorithm 568: 567: 566: 565: 549: 548: 547: 546: 536: 535: 534: 524: 514: 505: 481: 455:Luhn algorithm 427: 424: 382: 376: 373: 288: 285: 220:(electrically 190: 187: 140:semiconductors 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4660: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4616: 4606: 4597: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4573: 4572: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4398: 4388: 4385: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4204: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4166:BlackBerry 10 4164: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4143: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4073:Feature phone 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4052:Manufacturers 4049: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3988:airplane mode 3986: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3976:phone cloning 3974: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3933: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3852: 3846: 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3014: 3010: 3004: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2933: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2826: 2822: 2821:The Intercept 2818: 2812: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2734: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2703: 2688: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2654: 2647: 2640: 2633: 2618: 2611: 2604: 2593: 2587: 2572: 2568: 2562: 2547: 2543: 2536: 2529: 2517: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2475: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2442: 2427: 2423: 2416: 2410: 2408: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2377: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2340: 2328: 2324: 2317: 2315: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2268: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2212: 2193: 2186: 2180: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2152: 2132: 2125: 2119: 2117: 2098: 2092: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2051: 2047: 2041: 2039: 2030: 2024: 2020: 2013: 1997: 1993: 1987: 1971: 1967: 1961: 1953: 1951:9783319475974 1947: 1943: 1942: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1921: 1919:9780201703290 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1885: 1881: 1875: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1830: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1781: 1779: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1743: 1734:(Willcom-SIM) 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1700:SIM connector 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1610: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1583: 1578: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550:iPhone XS Max 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1509:feature phone 1505: 1500: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1433:prepaid calls 1428: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1409: 1397: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1324: 1315: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1274: 1272: 1266: 1264: 1254: 1249: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1208: 1205: 1199: 1189: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1164: 1162: 1161:VirusBulletin 1158: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1133:The Intercept 1129: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1078: 1076: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 990: 983: 978: 969: 967: 963: 962:full-size SIM 956:Full-size SIM 953: 951: 933: 929: 924: 921: 915: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899: 895: 891: 888: 885: 882: 879: 876: 872: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 852: 848: 845: 842: 839: 836: 833: 829: 809: 799: 795: 787: 778: 776: 758: 747: 736: 732: 725: 721: 720: 719: 716: 714: 690: 686: 683:by using the 677: 675: 659: 641: 636: 633: 630: 626: 623: 619: 616: 612: 611: 610: 608: 604: 594: 590: 587: 579: 575: 574: 573: 572: 563: 559: 558: 556: 555: 554: 553: 544: 540: 539: 537: 532: 528: 525: 522: 518: 515: 513: 509: 506: 503: 499: 496: 495: 493: 489: 485: 482: 479: 475: 474: 473: 470: 469: 465: 462: 460: 456: 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Retrieved 3645: 3635: 3623:. Retrieved 3614: 3605: 3573:Ghostarchive 3571:Archived at 3567: 3555:. Retrieved 3541: 3529:. Retrieved 3515: 3503:. Retrieved 3489: 3477:. Retrieved 3450: 3446: 3436: 3428: 3421:. Retrieved 3410: 3401: 3381: 3374: 3362:. Retrieved 3358: 3348: 3336:. Retrieved 3332:the original 3317: 3305:. Retrieved 3287: 3275:. Retrieved 3266: 3257: 3245:. Retrieved 3236: 3227: 3215:. Retrieved 3206: 3197: 3185:. Retrieved 3176: 3167: 3147: 3140: 3128:. Retrieved 3124: 3115: 3103:. Retrieved 3099: 3090: 3080:18 September 3078:. Retrieved 3074:the original 3069: 3060: 3040: 3033: 3021:. Retrieved 3012: 3003: 2991:. Retrieved 2982: 2973: 2961:. Retrieved 2942: 2932: 2920:. Retrieved 2911: 2902: 2890:. Retrieved 2881: 2871: 2859:. Retrieved 2850: 2841: 2829:. Retrieved 2820: 2811: 2799:. Retrieved 2794: 2785: 2766: 2754:. Retrieved 2740: 2702: 2690:. Retrieved 2686: 2676: 2667: 2660:. Retrieved 2653:the original 2639: 2631: 2624:. 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