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30:, methods for extracting alluvial gold were developed which involved washing soil and gravel through sluice boxes using diverted streams and other water sources. The waste or tailings were released into the waterways forming large deposits of highly mobile sediment. This 'sludge' as it was generally termed, blocked the stream channels causing flooding and burial of land downstream.
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was established in 1858-9 to investigate and manage the problem. This resulted in a number of regulations and the construction of large stone-lined sludge channels to concentrate and divert the sludge away from settled areas and buildings. the towns of
Bendigo, Ballarat, Castlemaine, Creswick and
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Report of the Royal
Commission Appointed to Enquire Into the Best Method of Removing the Sludge From the Gold Fields: Together With Proceedings of the Commission, Minutes of Evidence, and Appendices.
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also involved releasing sediment contaminated with cyanide, while other sludge deposits have a variety of contaminants used in the mining process.
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Water and Gold: Interpreting the
Landscape of Creswick Creek, Peter Davies, Susan Lawrence and Jodi Turnbull, Messmate Press Melbourne 2015 p.64
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Ultimately hydraulic sluicing was banned in 1904 as a result of the continuing environmental damage caused to waterways in places such as
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Large areas of land were affected by sludge, particularly in
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Maryborough have channelized streams running through them as a result.
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87:, La Trobe University Press in conjunction with Black Inc,
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is the waste product of alluvial mining, and in particular
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