929:
some notable variation between individuals and islands. In two caves surveyed on Grande Comore in
November 2006, all females were pregnant with single embryos with crown-rump lengths of 14 to 19 mm (0.55 to 0.75 in), but none of the males were reproductively active. In another cave, none of the bats examined at the same time—all males—were reproductively active. None of the bats captured in one of the caves in April 2007 showed signs of reproductive activity. On Anjouan, no bats were reproductively active in two caves surveyed in late November 2006.
186:
68:
43:
401:
940:
sequences, analysis of D-loop data does show some differentiation between the island populations. These data suggest that the species originated on
Madagascar, where a large, stable population persists, and independently colonized Grande Comore and Anjouan; subsequently, the Grande Comore and Anjouan
590:
are lighter. The upperparts are occasionally reddish brown; this color variant occurs more often in the Comoro populations than on
Madagascar. In the Comoros, individual colonies or groups sometimes consist exclusively of one color variant, but there is no apparent genetic differentiation between the
928:
have mostly been recorded in forests, but this may reflect a lack of survey effort in open areas. In caves, individuals either group in large groups of more than 50 bats without reproductive activity or in smaller groups of at most five reproductively active bats. Limited data on reproduction show
603:(tail membrane) is lighter. The wing membrane and uropatagium are attached to the upper leg at the same level, near the ankle. The uropatagium is sparsely covered with thin hairs that are virtually invisible to the naked eye. In contrast,
619:
is sparsely, but visibly haired. There are some differences in measurements among the island populations; animals from Grande Comore are generally smallest, those from
Anjouan are intermediate, and those from Madagascar are largest.
888:", the recognition of several cryptic species within this group, which may occur in the same places, renders the association of these data with any of the species now recognized uncertain; however, species of
599:(a projection on the inner side of the outer ear) is straight and narrow and ends in a rounded tip. Other species have differently shaped tragi. The wing membrane is also brown, but the
1296:
The use of molecular phylogenetic and morphological tools to identify cryptic and paraphyletic species: Examples from the diminutive long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae:
331:
as well as shallower caves. Females collected on Grande Comore in
November were pregnant, but data on reproduction is limited and suggests individual and inter-island variation.
910:
is known from 15 to 670 m (49 to 2,198 ft) altitude on Grande Comore and 5 to 890 m (16 to 2,920 ft) on
Anjouan. In the Comoros, it roosts in caves, both
2308:
853:
2322:
1699:
382:
809:
829:
362:
323:
is concave and the rostrum (front part) is rounded. The species occurs up to 480 m (1,570 ft) above sea level on
Madagascar, often in
2840:
2797:
2784:
1439:
1393:
Cross-species chromosome painting in bats from
Madagascar: the contribution of Myzopodidae to revealing ancestral syntenies in Chiroptera
2243:
1280:
2732:
2758:
1356:
884:, which is regularly found in the same forests and caves. Although some ecological and behavioral data has been published on "
369:
remained for the next few decades; in 1992, for example, Javier Juste and Carlos Ibáñez recognized five subspecies, including
1379:
2763:
521:, now recognized as a full species, was found to occur on Grande Comore, Anjouan, and northern and western Madagascar, and
2850:
2457:
2371:
1432:
1281:
The use of molecular and morphological characters to resolve the taxonomic identity of cryptic species: the case of
2802:
2700:
2634:
2593:
1279:
Goodman, S.M., Maminirina, C.P., Weyeneth, N., Bradman, H.M., Christidis, L., Ruedi, M. and
Appleton, B. 2009a.
2396:
526:
2236:
2616:
2421:
1791:
1425:
2584:
1391:
Richards, L.R., Rambau, R.V., Lamb, J.M., Taylor, P.J., Yang, F., Schoeman, M.C. and
Goodman, S.M. 2010.
747:
All measurements are in the form "mean (minimum–maximum)" and are in millimeters, except mass in grams.
67:
2405:
1541:
1448:
2610:
2571:
2504:
2486:
2012:
1756:
543:
366:
982:
965:
2625:
2578:
2514:
2495:
2229:
2119:
1984:
1920:
591:
two forms. The head is usually somewhat lighter than the body and the hairs of the underparts have
537:
1361:, Miniopteridae) from the African islands of São Tomé, Grand Comoro and Madagascar, based on mtDNA
2855:
2536:
2527:
2521:
2439:
2387:
2155:
1582:
801:
289:
2845:
2662:
2644:
2381:
2205:
2184:
2040:
1998:
1840:
467:
2466:
2430:
2362:
2033:
1898:
1721:
1610:
1603:
162:
2815:
2776:
1408:
bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae) from the Comoro Archipelago inferred from mitochondrial DNA
914:
and shallower structures; it was found to share one cave on Grande Comore with another bat,
904:
in 2008, but the account predates the recognition of the species on Anjouan and Madagascar.
2719:
2448:
2415:
2353:
2315:
2198:
2191:
2133:
1798:
1575:
916:
514:
506:
285:
8:
2564:
2546:
2162:
1977:
1833:
1310:
531:
449:
32:
2336:
2126:
2026:
2019:
1942:
1847:
1692:
1637:
1630:
1294:
Goodman, S.M., Maminirina, C.P., Bradman, H.M., Christidis, L. and Appleton, B. 2009b.
987:
459:
406:
280:
201:
62:
1403:
2810:
2075:
1991:
1497:
1375:
991:
795:
494:
422:
274:
781:(with one very short and one long arm). The karyotype is conserved among species of
2055:
1869:
1823:
1343:
977:
877:
876:. It is found up to 480 m (1,570 ft) above sea level and often occurs in
872:
in the far north of the island, and on eastern Madagascar south to the vicinity of
596:
324:
312:
2329:
1487:
2789:
2685:
2221:
2097:
1652:
1556:
1519:
1392:
897:
821:
770:
47:
185:
2834:
2771:
1957:
1594:
901:
824:(a crest that provides support for muscles of the head). Further back on the
808:
In the skull, the rostrum (front part) is rounded. The central groove in the
490:, and Grande Comore, and the other occurring on Madagascar and Anjouan only.
378:
253:
52:
478:
sequences, Nicole Weyeneth and colleagues found that examined specimens of "
365:, who collected the specimens on which Harrison based his description. This
2145:
1859:
1671:
1566:
1477:
817:
774:
766:
453:) from São Tomé were not closely related; however, the representatives of "
425:
418:
327:
areas. In the Comoros, it reaches 890 m (2,920 ft) and roosts in
2711:
852:, which have a flat palate. At the palate's back margin is a long, robust
2745:
2694:
2291:
2254:
2174:
1967:
1888:
1771:
1682:
778:
600:
341:
316:
300:
was redefined as a species occurring on both Madagascar and the Comoros.
248:
139:
129:
497:
and colleagues further explored the relationships of the bats known as "
2737:
2285:
2109:
1876:
1813:
1736:
1355:
Juste, J., Ferrández, A., Fa, J.E., Masefield, W. and Ibáñez, C. 2007.
1309:
Goodman, S.M., Weyeneth, N., Ibrahim, Y., Saïd, I. and Ruedi, M. 2010.
758:
513:", which are not each other's closest relatives, forming an example of
346:
315:(a projection inside the ear) is narrow and ends in a rounded tip. The
269:
265:
2750:
1711:
1621:
1531:
1417:
942:
911:
825:
754:
400:
328:
79:
2656:
1348:. In IUCN. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.2. <
812:(the lowered area at the nose) is relatively broad in comparison to
592:
2679:
2273:
1932:
1781:
1746:
1509:
869:
762:
413:
In 2007, Juste and colleagues re-examined the relationships of the
99:
1295:
517:. Up to four species of the group may occur in a single locality.
2065:
1910:
1662:
1335:
Peters, 1867 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from western central Africa.
873:
487:
261:
257:
2724:
1320:
Harrison, D.L. 1959. A new subspecies of lesser long-winged bat
924:
have been found to leave a Grande Comore cave at sunset. Flying
303:
With a forearm length of 35 to 38 mm (1.4 to 1.5 in),
296:
as then defined contained five distinct, unrelated species, and
2279:
2267:
2087:
1402:
Weyeneth, N., Goodman, S.M., Stanley, W.T. and Ruedi, M. 2008.
1384:
Peterson, R.L., Eger, J.L. and Mitchell, L. 1995. Chiroptères.
833:
832:(another such crest) is also prominent. The middle part of the
475:
320:
109:
89:
16:
Bat in the family Miniopteridae from the Comoros and Madagascar
1374:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 287 pp.
1349:
483:
319:(tail membrane) appears virtually naked. In the skull, the
941:
populations came into contact, resulting in inter-island
555:
occupies an isolated position among African and Malagasy
119:
381:
to Madagascar. In their 1995 review of Madagascar bats,
311:. It is usually dark brown, but sometimes reddish. The
773:(with one arm slightly longer than the other) and the
457:" used in their study were misidentified specimens of
785:; the number of chromosomes and arms is identical in
525:
was restricted to the eastern margin of Madagascar's
1331:Juste, J. and Ibáñez, C. 1992. Taxonomic review of
1311:
A review of the bat fauna of the Comoro Archipelago
535:on Anjouan and in northern and western Madagascar;
292:studies published in 2008 and 2009 indicated that
268:. First described in 1959 from Grande Comore as a
470:study, published in 2008 and using both cyt
2832:
2251:
983:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T136752A22035638.en
820:(part of the skull roof) bear a well-developed
880:areas. Its range extensively overlaps that of
2237:
1433:
541:in northern and western Madagascar only; and
509:comparisons. They found five species within "
482:" actually grouped in two, distantly related
385:and colleagues recognized the small Malagasy
1094:Goodman et al., 2009a, fig. 2; 2009b, fig. 2
868:extends along the western lowlands north to
615:have densely covered uropatagia and that of
529:. Three other species were newly described:
859:
2244:
2230:
1965:
1440:
1426:
486:—one including specimens from Madagascar,
339:In 1959, David Harrison described a small
184:
41:
1245:
1243:
1206:
1204:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
981:
1158:
1156:
399:
278:, it was later placed with the Malagasy
1779:
1744:
1324:Peters, 1867, from the Comoro Islands.
1219:Goodman et al., 2009a, pp. 352, 358–359
970:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
761:, with a total of 50 major arms on the
2833:
1447:
1240:
1201:
1128:
1097:
1058:Weyeneth et al., 2008, p. 5205, fig. 2
1049:Weyeneth et al., 2008, fig. 2, p. 5215
959:
957:
936:differ by only 0.6% in their cyt
345:from the island of Grande Comore as a
2661:
2660:
2225:
1421:
1153:
1144:
963:
547:in southwestern Madagascar. Cyt
2841:IUCN Red List data deficient species
1462:
1357:Taxonomy of little bentwinged bats (
1352:>. Downloaded on August 14, 2010.
1034:
1025:
2372:Southeast Asian long-fingered bat (
1273:
1180:Goodman et al., 2009a, table 2
1085:Goodman et al., 2009b, pp. 1–2, 5–6
1022:Peterson et al., 1995, pp. 120, 135
954:
864:On Madagascar, the distribution of
13:
2480:Mainland Africa and nearby islands
1267:Goodman et al., 2009a, pp. 351–352
1171:Goodman et al., 2009a, pp. 352–353
353:, of the mainland African species
14:
2867:
1258:Goodman et al., 2010, pp. 130–131
1162:Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 22
1150:Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 21
2458:Shortridge's long-fingered bat (
2397:Intermediate long-fingered bat (
1125:Goodman et al., 2009b, pp. 21–22
66:
1261:
1252:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1119:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1013:Juste and Ibáñez, 1992, table 2
2635:Peterson's long-fingered bat (
2594:Griffith's long-fingered bat (
2422:Philippine long-fingered bat (
1076:Goodman et al., 2009b, table 7
1067:Goodman et al., 2009b, pp. 1–2
1061:
1052:
1043:
1016:
1007:
998:
622:
562:
1:
1210:Goodman et al., 2009a, p. 352
1198:Richards et al., 2010, p. 649
1189:Richards et al., 2010, p. 641
1116:Goodman et al., 2009a, p. 351
948:
2406:Australasian bent-wing bat (
1249:Goodman et al., 2010, p. 131
1228:Goodman et al., 2009b, p. 31
1141:Goodman et al., 2010, p. 130
264:and in northern and western
219:Miniopterus manavi griveaudi
7:
2617:Major's long-fingered bat (
2505:Greater long-fingered bat (
2487:African long-fingered bat (
1337:Bonner Zoologische Beiträge
1285:(Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)
892:generally feed on insects.
765:(non-sex chromosomes). The
351:Miniopterus minor griveaudi
334:
211:Miniopterus minor griveaudi
10:
2872:
2626:Manavi long-fingered bat (
2585:Glen's long-fingered bat (
2496:Lesser long-fingered bat (
1542:Rousettus madagascariensis
1372:Walker's Bats of the World
1040:Juste et al., 2007, fig. 2
2851:Mammals described in 1959
2669:
2556:
2537:Natal long-fingered bat (
2528:Least long-fingered bat (
2479:
2440:Loyalty bent-winged bat (
2388:Western bent-winged bat (
2346:
2300:
2262:
2172:
2143:
2107:
2085:
2063:
2054:
2013:Miniopterus mahafaliensis
1956:
1930:
1908:
1886:
1857:
1821:
1812:
1770:
1757:Nycteris madagascariensis
1735:
1709:
1680:
1660:
1651:
1619:
1592:
1564:
1555:
1529:
1507:
1485:
1476:
1455:
1410:(subscription required).
1395:(subscription required).
1363:(subscription required).
1313:(subscription required).
1304:American Museum Novitates
1287:(subscription required).
1031:Juste et al., 2007, p. 30
746:
578:is similar in color, but
544:Miniopterus mahafaliensis
207:
200:
193:Collection localities of
192:
183:
168:
161:
63:Scientific classification
61:
39:
30:
23:
2120:Neoromicia malagasyensis
1985:Miniopterus brachytragos
1921:Otomops madagascariensis
860:Distribution and ecology
538:Miniopterus brachytragos
435:) gene. They found that
272:of the mainland African
2467:Great bent-winged bat (
2431:Small bent-winged bat (
2363:Eastern bent-wing bat (
2156:Pipistrellus hesperidus
1583:Hipposideros commersoni
1326:Durban Museum Novitates
966:"Miniopterus griveaudi"
854:posterior palatal spine
570:is a small, dark brown
551:sequences suggest that
389:as a separate species,
2557:Madagascar and Comoros
2449:Common bent-wing bat (
2354:Little bent-wing bat (
2206:Scotophilus tandrefana
2185:Scotophilus borbonicus
2041:Miniopterus sororculus
1999:Miniopterus griffithsi
1841:Chaerephon leucogaster
1004:Harrison, 1959, p. 192
976:: e.T136752A22035638.
932:Although specimens of
410:
246:is a bat in the genus
2701:Miniopterus griveaudi
2671:Miniopterus griveaudi
2347:Eurasia and Australia
2034:Miniopterus petersoni
2006:Miniopterus griveaudi
1899:Mormopterus jugularis
1722:Taphozous mauritianus
1611:Paratriaenops furcula
1604:Paratriaenops auritus
1388:84:1–204 (in French).
1365:Acta Chiropterologica
1345:Miniopterus griveaudi
1315:Acta Chiropterologica
908:Miniopterus griveaudi
894:Miniopterus griveaudi
842:M. mahafaliensis
799:, and even the Asian
609:M. mahafaliensis
588:M. mahafaliensis
568:Miniopterus griveaudi
519:Miniopterus griveaudi
445:M. minor newtoni
443:from Madagascar, and
403:
243:Miniopterus griveaudi
228:Miniopterus griveaudi
223:Peterson et al., 1995
195:Miniopterus griveaudi
172:Miniopterus griveaudi
25:Miniopterus griveaudi
2199:Scotophilus robustus
2192:Scotophilus marovaza
2134:Neoromicia melckorum
1799:Myzopoda schliemanni
1576:Hipposideros besaoka
1404:The biogeography of
917:Rousettus obliviosus
838:M. brachytragos
613:M. brachytragos
584:M. brachytragos
515:convergent evolution
439:from Grande Comoro,
2163:Pipistrellus raceyi
1978:Miniopterus aelleni
1834:Chaerephon jobimena
1700:Emballonura tiavato
1397:Chromosome Research
1386:Faune de Madagascar
1350:www.iucnredlist.org
1237:Nowak, 1994, p. 222
802:M. fuliginosus
625:
532:Miniopterus aelleni
450:Miniopterus newtoni
33:Conservation status
2127:Neoromicia matroka
2027:Miniopterus manavi
2020:Miniopterus majori
1943:Tadarida fulminans
1848:Chaerephon pumilus
1693:Emballonura atrata
1638:Triaenops menamena
1631:Triaenops goodmani
1449:Bats of Madagascar
1370:Nowak, R.M. 1994.
1283:Miniopterus manavi
964:Juste, J. (2019).
886:Miniopterus manavi
836:is concave, as in
623:
499:Miniopterus manavi
480:Miniopterus manavi
474:and mitochondrial
411:
407:Miniopterus manavi
391:Miniopterus manavi
232:Juste et al., 2007
2826:
2825:
2811:Open Tree of Life
2663:Taxon identifiers
2654:
2653:
2252:Species of genus
2219:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2076:Hypsugo anchietae
2050:
2049:
1992:Miniopterus gleni
1952:
1951:
1808:
1807:
1766:
1765:
1731:
1730:
1647:
1646:
1551:
1550:
1498:Eidolon dupreanum
1472:
1471:
1412:Molecular Ecology
1380:978-0-8018-4986-2
1333:Miniopterus minor
1322:Miniopterus minor
1289:Zoologica Scripta
934:M. griveaudi
926:M. griveaudi
922:M. griveaudi
920:. Individuals of
896:was assessed as "
866:M. griveaudi
787:M. griveaudi
753:The animal has a
751:
750:
553:M. griveaudi
527:Central Highlands
501:" using cyt
397:as a subspecies.
383:Randolph Peterson
305:M. griveaudi
298:M. griveaudi
239:
238:
233:
224:
215:
154:M. griveaudi
56:
2863:
2819:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2779:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2753:
2741:
2740:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2658:
2657:
2611:M. mahafaliensis
2572:M. ambohitrensis
2246:
2239:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2061:
2060:
2056:Vespertilionidae
1963:
1962:
1870:Mops leucostigma
1819:
1818:
1777:
1776:
1742:
1741:
1658:
1657:
1562:
1561:
1483:
1482:
1460:
1459:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1342:Juste, J. 2008.
1274:Literature cited
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
985:
961:
844:, but unlike in
810:nasal depression
626:
404:Illustration of
231:
222:
213:
188:
174:
71:
70:
50:
45:
44:
21:
20:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2796:
2788:
2783:
2775:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2731:
2723:
2718:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2665:
2655:
2650:
2579:M. brachytragos
2552:
2515:M. maghrebensis
2475:
2451:M. schreibersii
2342:
2309:M. approximatus
2296:
2258:
2250:
2220:
2211:
2168:
2139:
2103:
2081:
2046:
1948:
1926:
1904:
1882:
1853:
1804:
1792:Myzopoda aurita
1762:
1727:
1705:
1676:
1643:
1615:
1588:
1547:
1525:
1503:
1468:
1451:
1446:
1300:) on Madagascar
1276:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
962:
955:
951:
882:M. aelleni
862:
846:M. aelleni
791:M. aelleni
789:, the Malagasy
617:M. aelleni
576:M. aelleni
565:
493:The next year,
377:, ranging from
337:
179:
176:
170:
157:
65:
57:
46:
42:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2856:Bats of Africa
2853:
2848:
2843:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2807:
2794:
2781:
2768:
2755:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2706:
2691:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2522:M. mossambicus
2518:
2511:
2502:
2498:M. fraterculus
2493:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2464:
2460:M. shortridgei
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2378:
2369:
2365:M. fuliginosus
2360:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2098:Myotis goudoti
2093:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2071:
2069:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1827:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1750:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1653:Emballonuridae
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1572:
1570:
1559:
1557:Hipposideridae
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1520:Pteropus rufus
1515:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1491:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1400:
1389:
1382:
1368:
1353:
1340:
1329:
1318:
1317:12(1):117–141.
1307:
1292:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1152:
1143:
1127:
1118:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
952:
950:
947:
898:Data Deficient
861:
858:
850:M. manavi
830:lambdoid crest
822:sagittal crest
814:M. manavi
771:submetacentric
749:
748:
744:
743:
742:5.4 (4.1–7.1)
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
715:
714:
713:4.4 (3.6–5.8)
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
686:
685:
684:4.8 (3.8–5.8)
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
630:
605:M. manavi
582:is darker and
580:M. manavi
564:
561:
523:M. manavi
511:M. manavi
505:sequences and
495:Steven Goodman
460:M. majori
367:classification
336:
333:
294:M. manavi
281:M. manavi
237:
236:
235:
234:
225:
216:
214:Harrison, 1959
205:
204:
198:
197:
190:
189:
181:
180:
178:Harrison, 1959
177:
166:
165:
159:
158:
151:
149:
145:
144:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
58:
48:Data Deficient
40:
37:
36:
31:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2868:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Miniopteridae
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2829:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2647:
2646:
2645:M. sororculus
2642:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2596:M. griffithsi
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2539:M. natalensis
2535:
2533:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:M. macrocneme
2379:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2292:Miniopteridae
2289:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Miniopteridae
1955:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1595:Paratriaenops
1591:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1414:17:5205–5219.
1413:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
993:
989:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
960:
958:
953:
946:
944:
939:
935:
930:
927:
923:
919:
918:
913:
909:
905:
903:
902:IUCN Red List
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
818:frontal bones
815:
811:
806:
804:
803:
798:
797:
796:M. gleni
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:is small and
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
745:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
716:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
689:Grande Comore
688:
687:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
658:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
634:
631:
628:
627:
624:Measurements
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
540:
539:
534:
533:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:morphological
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
461:
456:
452:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:
424:
423:mitochondrial
420:
419:DNA sequences
416:
415:M. minor
409:
408:
402:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:M. minor
372:
368:
364:
363:Paul Griveaud
360:
356:
355:M. minor
352:
348:
344:
343:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:morphological
283:
282:
277:
276:
275:M. minor
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:Grande Comore
251:
250:
245:
244:
229:
226:
220:
217:
212:
209:
208:
206:
203:
199:
196:
191:
187:
182:
175:
173:
167:
164:
163:Binomial name
160:
156:
155:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:Miniopteridae
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
69:
64:
60:
54:
49:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2828:
2670:
2643:
2637:M. petersoni
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2604:M. griveaudi
2603:
2602:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2545:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2489:M. africanus
2488:
2468:
2459:
2450:
2442:M. robustior
2441:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2356:M. australis
2355:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2253:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2173:
2161:
2154:
2146:Pipistrellus
2144:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2108:
2096:
2086:
2074:
2064:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1966:
1941:
1931:
1919:
1909:
1897:
1887:
1875:
1868:
1858:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1822:
1797:
1790:
1780:
1755:
1745:
1720:
1710:
1698:
1691:
1681:
1672:Coleura afra
1670:
1661:
1636:
1629:
1620:
1609:
1602:
1593:
1581:
1574:
1567:Hipposideros
1565:
1540:
1530:
1518:
1508:
1496:
1486:
1478:Pteropodidae
1411:
1405:
1396:
1385:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1303:
1297:
1288:
1282:
1263:
1254:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1167:
1146:
1121:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
973:
969:
937:
933:
931:
925:
921:
915:
907:
906:
893:
889:
885:
881:
865:
863:
849:
845:
841:
837:
813:
807:
800:
794:
790:
786:
782:
775:Y chromosome
767:X chromosome
752:
739:36.9 (35–38)
727:40.1 (35–43)
724:89.3 (86–93)
710:36.3 (35–38)
707:10.3 (10–11)
698:39.4 (35–42)
695:83.6 (80–89)
681:36.8 (35–38)
669:41.0 (38–44)
666:87.8 (85–91)
637:Total length
632:
616:
612:
608:
604:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
566:
556:
552:
548:
542:
536:
530:
522:
518:
510:
502:
498:
492:
479:
471:
465:
458:
454:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
417:group using
414:
412:
405:
394:
390:
386:
374:
370:
358:
354:
350:
340:
338:
308:
304:
302:
297:
293:
279:
273:
247:
242:
241:
240:
227:
218:
210:
194:
171:
169:
153:
152:
140:
24:
18:
2746:iNaturalist
2695:Wikispecies
2507:M. inflatus
2433:M. pusillus
2424:M. paululus
2416:M. pallidus
2390:M. magnater
2316:M. fossilis
2255:Miniopterus
2175:Scotophilus
1968:Miniopterus
1889:Mormopterus
1772:Myzopodidae
1683:Emballonura
1406:Miniopterus
1399:18:635–653.
1359:Miniopterus
1339:43:355–365.
1298:Miniopterus
1291:38:339–363.
890:Miniopterus
783:Miniopterus
779:acrocentric
759:chromosomes
736:10.4 (9–11)
678:10.1 (9–11)
601:uropatagium
572:Miniopterus
563:Description
557:Miniopterus
466:In another
447:(currently
426:cytochrome
387:Miniopterus
357:. The name
342:Miniopterus
317:uropatagium
309:Miniopterus
307:is a small
284:. However,
249:Miniopterus
141:Miniopterus
2835:Categories
2565:M. aelleni
2547:M. newtoni
2469:M. tristis
2408:M. orianae
2323:M. rummeli
2286:Chiroptera
2110:Neoromicia
1877:Mops midas
1824:Chaerephon
1814:Molossidae
1737:Nycteridae
1328:5:191–196.
1306:3669:1–34.
949:References
912:lava tubes
718:Madagascar
595:tips. The
431:(cyt
347:subspecies
329:lava tubes
270:subspecies
266:Madagascar
120:Chiroptera
2628:M. manavi
2619:M. majori
2399:M. medius
2374:M. fuscus
2337:M. zapfei
2266:Kingdom:
1712:Taphozous
1622:Triaenops
1532:Rousettus
992:240253821
943:gene flow
900:" on the
826:braincase
763:autosomes
755:karyotype
733:5.9 (5–7)
730:5.8 (5–7)
704:5.8 (5–6)
701:4.9 (4–5)
675:5.2 (5–6)
672:5.0 (4–6)
574:species.
468:molecular
437:griveaudi
421:from the
395:griveaudi
373:, within
371:griveaudi
359:griveaudi
290:molecular
252:found on
148:Species:
86:Kingdom:
80:Eukaryota
2709:BioLib:
2686:Q2518602
2680:Wikidata
2587:M. gleni
2530:M. minor
2290:Family:
2280:Mammalia
2274:Chordata
2272:Phylum:
2268:Animalia
1933:Tadarida
1782:Myzopoda
1747:Nycteris
1510:Pteropus
1367:9:27–37.
870:Ankarana
643:Hindfoot
379:São Tomé
335:Taxonomy
202:Synonyms
126:Family:
110:Mammalia
100:Chordata
96:Phylum:
90:Animalia
76:Domain:
53:IUCN 3.1
2790:1005115
2738:5787700
2725:7239625
2301:Fossils
2284:Order:
2278:Class:
2066:Hypsugo
1911:Otomops
1663:Coleura
1488:Eidolon
1467:Species
878:karstic
874:Daraina
660:Anjouan
652:Forearm
593:buffish
488:Anjouan
393:, with
361:honors
325:karstic
262:Comoros
260:in the
258:Anjouan
136:Genus:
116:Order:
106:Class:
51: (
2816:584454
2803:568717
2777:136752
2764:947196
2712:608908
2330:M. tao
2088:Myotis
1456:Family
1378:
990:
834:palate
828:, the
816:. The
757:of 46
646:Tragus
629:Island
611:, and
597:tragus
484:clades
476:D-loop
455:manavi
441:manavi
321:palate
313:tragus
2751:74622
1463:Genus
988:S2CID
692:34–37
655:Mass
2798:NCBI
2772:IUCN
2759:ITIS
2733:GBIF
1860:Mops
1376:ISBN
974:2019
848:and
840:and
793:and
640:Tail
586:and
288:and
256:and
2785:MDD
2720:EoL
978:doi
769:is
649:Ear
2837::
2813::
2800::
2787::
2774::
2761::
2748::
2735::
2722::
2697::
2682::
1302:.
1242:^
1203:^
1155:^
1130:^
1099:^
986:.
972:.
968:.
956:^
945:.
856:.
805:.
721:18
663:38
607:,
559:.
463:.
349:,
230::
221::
2639:)
2630:)
2621:)
2598:)
2589:)
2541:)
2532:)
2509:)
2500:)
2491:)
2471:)
2462:)
2453:)
2444:)
2435:)
2426:)
2410:)
2401:)
2392:)
2376:)
2367:)
2358:)
2245:e
2238:t
2231:v
1628:†
1573:†
1441:e
1434:t
1427:v
994:.
980::
938:b
633:n
549:b
503:b
472:b
433:b
428:b
55:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
