Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad

1798:

luxury and entertainment. It called upon the members of the Community to dedicate their time and money for the sake of their faith. In time the scheme produced a vast amount of literature in defence of Islam in general and the Ahmadiyya beliefs in particular. The funds were also spent on the training and dispatching of Ahmadiyya missionaries outside the Indian sub-continent and their sustenance. As part of this Mahmood Ahmad appointed 5 men to survey the Punjab in order to find out the best way of disseminating the Ahmadiyya teachings. For the first time an organised method of training members of the community for becoming missionaries was established. Addressing the Ahrari opposition Mahmood said:

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anything new, still made him technically a prophet irrespective of the type of prophethood or the adjectives added to qualify it. Accordingly, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community believes that prophecy gifted as a result of perfect obedience and self-effacement in devotion to Muhammad is theologically possible after him, though it affirms the advent of only one such promised end-times figure in Ghulam Ahmad as having appeared in accordance with scriptural prophecies. Such a prophetic status, though not independent, is nonetheless technically classed as prophethood in as much as it involves an individual who is given knowledge of the hidden, predicts future events and is called a prophet by Allah.

1327:(caliphate) within the movement, preferring what they saw as a more democratic system established by Ghulam Ahmad himself and, accordingly, vested the Community's authority in the council as an administrative body. No individual had the power to revoke the decisions reached by the majority of the Council that would remain paramount and binding, something which they believed was in keeping with Ghulam Ahmad's instructions for the movement's administration after his death. Further, according to them, since leadership of the movement was no longer divinely appointed after Ghulam Ahmad's death, the obligation to pledge allegiance to his successor had also lapsed and had become a voluntary act. 1439: 1233:'s prophetic mission. However, Muhammad Ali held that the type of prophecy described by Ghulam Ahmad in reference to himself did not make him a prophet in the technical sense of the word as used in Islamic terminology, amounted to nothing more than sainthood and that Islamic mystics preceding Ghulam Ahmad had similarly described experiences of prophecy within Islam and in relation to Muhammad. Accordingly, unlike the majority Islamic belief which expects the physical return of Jesus, the Lahore Ahmadiyya affirm the absolute cessation of prophethood, and believe that no prophet can appear after Muhammad, neither a past one like Jesus, nor a new one. 293: 1749:

and a strong legal protest nearby Qadian where they are reported to have incited hatred against the Ahmadiyya. These were followed by incidents of severe persecution against Ahmadis, many of whom were reported to have been attacked, beaten, stoned, looted and their mosques occupied in a number of places. Mahmood Ahmad advised all Ahmadis not to retaliate, instructed concentration on prayer and explained that passing through periods of persecution was inevitable for the Community.

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caliph. Its main purpose is to advise the caliph on important matters such as finance, projects, education and other issues relating to members of the Community. The caliph may comment, issue instructions, announce his decisions on the proposals during the course of the proceedings or may postpone the matter under further reflection. However, in most cases the caliph accepts the advice given by the majority. At the national level, the council is presided over by the

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ready to leave presidency but they must promise that they will follow the decision of the majority of Muslims. Today we have seen their morals, let them come and see our morals too. I assure them that even after stepping down from presidency, me and my community shall help them (the people of Kashmir) more than their associates. Presidency is not a thing of respect for me. Respect is gained from service. The leader of a nation is one who serves it ...

1570: 49: 1163:(oath of allegiance). Being unprepared, he turned to Maulvi Syed Sarwar Shah and said "Maulvi Sahib, this burden has fallen upon me suddenly and unexpectedly and I cannot even recall the formula of Bai'at. Will you kindly instruct me in it?". He took the Bai'at of those present, repeating the words after Sawar Shah. After the oath was taken, he offered a silent prayer and made a brief speech. Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad was elected as 1803:

caters for their basic needs. Yet living on that paltry sum they travel to other countries and propagate the message of Islam. I invited the members of the Community to come forward and make financial contributions, at the same time I said that the time had not yet come for greater sacrifices. I appealed for only 27,000 rupees whereas the community promised 108,000 rupees out of which more than 82,000 rupees have already been received.

1335:, under whose authority the council was to operate. Accordingly, he favoured centralised, singular authority through the system of caliphate which, in his view, was religiously indispensable and to which the Community's allegiance was necessary. Ghulam Ahmad's successors, according to him, continued to be divinely ordained and commanded obedience from the Community. This, he contended, was clearly indicated in 1774: 2018: 1319:(Central Ahmadiyya Council), an executive body set up to administer the movement and to collect and distribute funds to support the propagation of Islam. Ghulam Ahmad presided over the Council himself until his death in 1908. After his death, Hakim Nur-ud-Din was unanimously chosen to succeed him and presided over the council's appointed president. Muhammad Ali and his supporters held that Ghulam Ahmad, in 2350:. He had three brothers and two sisters in addition to two half-brothers from his father's first wife, Hurmat Bibi. Mahmood Ahmad married seven times, never having more than four wives at a time in accordance with Islamic teachings. He had a total of twenty-eight children from these wives, five of whom died in infancy. Through his marriage with Amtul Hai in 1914, he also became the son-in-law of 1295:. He held, therefore, that non-Ahmadi Muslims were to be classified as disbelievers albeit within the remit of Islam and not in the sense that they had a religion other than Islam; and, further, that the movement passed no judgement as to their fate in the hereafter and never proactively expressed this opinion of them. Although he refused demands from outside the movement to accept that the term 1893:), i.e. 1,387 years have passed since the migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina. The number and time frame of each month of this calendar is the same as the Christian calendar (the lunar month being shorter by some days than the solar one). Each month of the Solar-Hegira calendar is based on an important event of early Islamic History: 1884:

In 1940 under the directives and supervision of Mahmood Ahmad, after much research and calculations, a new calendar was worked out, the Hijri-Shamsi (solar-Hegira) calendar. Although this calendar is based on solar calculations, however it starts form the migration of Muhammad instead of the birth of

1236:

In contrast, Mahmood Ahmad posited that Ghulam Ahmad's messianic claim and role were qualitatively distinct from the claims of the saints preceding him in Islam and that his prophetic status, though completely subservient to Muhammad, being a mere reflection of his own prophethood and not legislating

1997:

In a series of public gatherings across India in 1944, he made the claim that he was the 'Promised Son' foretold by his father Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. He explained in a number of meetings held in various places in India that this claim was based on revelations and dreams. He clarified that he wasn't the

1802:

In order to expand the propagation of Islam I have urged the youth to come forward and dedicate their lives for the service of religion. Hundreds of young people have already responded to my call. These graduates are given only 15 rupees a month as an allowance. This is a small allowance that barely

1705:

is known to have achieved great success in doing so. The committee turned the attention of the Muslims of Kashmir towards acquiring education and Mahmood Ahmad himself gave practical help towards this cause. It also encouraged trade, commerce and involvement in politics among the Muslims of Kashmir.

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were also opposed to the policies of the Muslims League. They declared that their objectives were to guide the Muslims of India on matters of nationalism as well as religion and violently opposed the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in India on a political level. In 1931 they held a series of conferences

1704:

was set up for the establishment of the civil rights of the Muslims of Kashmir and to alleviate their oppression. Mahmood Ahmad was elected its first president. He sought to gather Muslim leaders with different opinions on one platform and strive unitedly for the cause of the Muslims of Kashmir. He

1330:

As opposed to the foregoing approach, Mahmood Ahmad, who assumed the movement's leadership as the second successor the day after Nur-ud-Din's death, held that Ghulam Ahmad had envisioned a system of divinely ordained caliphate to succeed him, similar to that believed to have commenced following the

1115:

and some medicine under the tutelage of Noor-ud-Din, with whom he developed a close friendship. Noor-ud-Din would eventually become one of the leading influences in Mahmood's life. He also began writing articles for various periodicals for the Community and would often engage himself in theological

1717:

I admonish the Ahrari's that if there is any among them present here, they should go and tell their friends! I care not in the least about these stones and for this reason am not angered with them. They should stop this hearsay for the sake of the oppressed brothers of Kashmir. Let them come; I am

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In 1923, he sent a delegation of Ahmadis to the area to prevent the advancement of the Shuddhis, an act which earned him some popularity among the Muslim elite of India. After having faced extreme resistance, the Aryas announced the end of the Shuddhi movement in September 1923, Though later, the

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Mahmood maintained that the activities of the movement were against the teachings of Islam and would ultimately prove detrimental for the Muslims. He emphasised the absence of the conditions in which Islam allows non-cooperation and instead advocated a positive engagement with the British so as to

1215:

between the dissenters and Mahmood Ahmad has been postulated owing to the latter's relative youth, inexperience and poor academic background, Muhammad Ali and his supporters' differences with him centred mainly upon the nature of Ghulam Ahmad's prophethood—and consequentially the status of Muslims

2087:

In 1953 there were agitations against the Ahmadis in which street protests were held, political rallies were carried out and inflammatory articles were published. These agitations led to 2,000 Ahmadiyya deaths. Consequently, martial law was established and the federal cabinet was dismissed by the

1813:

As well as administering proselytisation the scheme also carried the responsibility of a more internal aspect and called upon members of the Community to dedicate their lives for the teaching and moral upbringing of Ahmadis themselves in rural places within India. Later, permanent offices of this

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of the community. The Majlis consists of elected representatives from various parts of the community who gather once a year and offer counsel and opinion on matters presented to them. The final decision is however left to the Caliph. At the international level, the council is presided over by the

1797:

or the 'new scheme' and the 'new dedication' respectively, initially seen as a spiritual battle against the oppressors of the Ahmadis, placed before them a number of demands and restriction such as leading simple lives, restrictions against eating, clothing etc.; a temporary ban on all forms of

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Affirming a different typology of disbelief, i.e. that which subsists outside of Islam in contrast to that which does not entail exclusion from it, although Mahmood Ahmad held that Muslims who did not accept Ghulam Ahmad technically fell into the category of disbelief, and that rejection of him

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for men above the age of forty which was established in 1940. Mahmood Ahmad's main objective in doing so was for the Community to maintain the highest level of activity, both in terms of the religious and moral training of its members and in the propagation of Islam. Further, the Community was

1785:

In 1934 Mahmood Ahmad claimed to have been divinely inspired to launch a twofold scheme for the establishment of foreign missions and the moral upbringing of Ahmadis. This initiative called upon members to volunteer themselves for missionary work, and to donate money towards a special fund for

1753:

We have to accept our obligations if we are called upon to sacrifice our spiritual or physical lives or suffer torture at the hands of those who oppose us. Victory achieved without sacrifice is hollow. Sacrifice is the life-blood of divine dispensation. When Moses saw the fire, God said to him

2009:” is a complete commentary on the Qur´an. His scholarship of religious and secular subjects was well known among the literary circles. He delivered a series of famous lectures on a variety of topics in educational institutions which were attended by the intellectuals and leaders of that time. 1343:(caliph; lit. successor of the Messiah) but declared that he had attained this office by divine appointment rather than community choice. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, accordingly, vests its religious and organisational authority in the caliph as Ghulam Ahmad's divinely chosen successor. 1712:

and the Ahrari campaign against the Ahmadiyya. The Ahrar alleged that the formation of the committee took place by the Ahmadiyya in order to spread its teachings and strongly opposed the leadership of Mahmood Ahmad. In an address to a gathering in 1931 Mahmood advised the Ahrar's thus:

1552:

was stabbed by a Muslim fanatic, Abdul Rasheed in 1926. In the latter part of the Twenties and early Thirties, under Mahmood Ahmad's directives various gatherings and meetings were held across the Indian subcontinent commemorating the life of the Islamic Prophet

1167:

II on 14 March 1914. Under his leadership, there was further development of the scope of missionary activities and the establishment of a Madrasa Ahmadiyya up to the university level. During his tenure, he established 46 foreign missions and founded the

1998:

only Promised Son, and other 'Promised Sons' would appear in accordance with prophecies, some even after centuries. He also prophesied that he would, as it were, return in the form of another Promised Son for the reform of the world at a time when

1609:

by train where he is reported to have attracted a lot of publicity as well as opposition. Here he discussed Ghulam Ahmad's claims with leading scholars, and held various meetings with the intellectual community of Damascus. On 16 August he reached

1323:, had designated the council as a consultative institution to be his successor. Viewing as autocratic the idea of one individual wielding absolute authority within the Community and demanding total obedience from it, they repudiated the idea of a 1251:) concerning them, drew a distinction between those who were neutral in the controversy and those who actively rejected and opposed Ghulam Ahmad, or pronounced him an infidel. The former could not in any sense be termed disbelievers ( 1267:). Muhammad Ali repudiated the idea of declaring the entire Muslim community as disbelievers, a term which, according to him, could not apply to non-Ahmadi Muslims indiscriminately, something which he accused Mahmood Ahmad of doing. 2112:

prayer. Immediately after the prayer had ended, the man lunged and attacked him by stabbing him twice with a dagger in the neck near the head. He sustained severe injuries but survived. After recovering partially, he traveled to

1228:

Ahmadis universally concur in the belief that Ghulam Ahmad was both the promised Mahdi and Messiah foretold by Muhammad to appear in the end times, and that his prophetic qualities were neither independent nor separable from

1158:

prayer. Having hardly finished the reading of Noor-ud-Din's will, members of the community felt Mahmood Ahmad best met the criteria of a successor the will had described and began calling for Mahmood Ahmad to accept their

1153:

died shortly after 2 p.m. in Qadian, India. The following day, Noor-ud-Din's will which had been entrusted to Muhammad Ali Khan, a prominent member of the Community, was read aloud in Noor Mosque after

1198:

Soon after Hakim Nur-ud-Din's death in 1914, pre-existing ideological and administrative differences between Mahmood Ahmad and other prominent Ahmadi figures came to a head. As a result, a faction, led by

1454:(Central Executive Directorate). He initiated the system of separate departments within the Anjuman like education, treasury, literature, and general affairs. Each department is headed by a secretary ( 1245:

A closely linked point of contention surrounded the status of Muslims who did not accept Ghulam Ahmad's claim. Muhammad Ali and his supporters, rejecting indiscriminate pronouncements of disbelief (

1744:. They differed with the Indian National Congress over certain issues and afterwards announced the formation of their party in a meeting at Lahore in 1931. Freely funded by the Congress, the 1668:, an occasion which was well publicised. The construction of the Mosque was completed in 1926 and the cost thereof was borne entirely by the women of the community. Later he also visited 1339:

as well as Ghulam Ahmad's other works and was an arrangement which, according to him, had existed throughout the period of Nur-ud-Din's leadership who not only spoke of himself as the

1275:

to stress that his use of the term in reference to such Muslims did not carry its demotic meaning, but rather meant to signify doctrinal deviancy and to express that only Ahmadis were

2149:. After consulting with his doctors, it was concluded by that the tip of the knife had broken and embedded itself in the jugular vein and that no attempt should be made to remove it. 1180:

built in most places where missions had been established. The publication of magazines and periodicals was also initiated in various languages. He also started the translation of the

2095:"God Almighty has established the Ahmadiyya Jamaat. If these people win then we admit we were on the wrong path, but if we are on the right path, then they will assuredly fail". ( 1087:, the same year in which Ghulam Ahmad established the Ahmadiyya Movement by accepting allegiance from his disciples. Due to chronic illness Mahmood Ahmad was unable to attend to 1055:

to the newly found state, eventually building a town on a tract of arid and mountainous land bought by the Community in 1948 which now became its new headquarters and was named

1255:) while the latter were guilty only of rejecting a particular commandment of the Islamic faith—namely that pertaining to belief in the promised Messiah—which would render them 1423:

he suggested that Hindus should send twenty students to Qadian for the study of the Quran, and sent two Muslim students himself to certain Hindu centres for the study of the

1000:. He led the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community for over half a century and is known for establishing virtually the entire organisational structure of the Community (including five 1758:

indicating that if he wanted to reach God, he would have to pass through it. Hence you too will have to pass through fire and other such dangers on the path to success.

1407:

In 1919, Mahmood Ahmad also appointed a number of young talented Ahmadis to research into the world's major religions. He also delivered a number of public lectures on

1500:(National President). At the conclusion of the proceedings, the recommendations are sent to the caliph for approval which he may accept, reject or partially accept. 1010:(Consultative Council), consolidating and formalising the system of financial contributions of the Community and directing extensive missionary activity beyond the 1676:

believing his visit to carry a mystical significance in fulfillment of its spiritual one in lieu of a vision he had seen before his departure, in India. Whilst in

1283:) within Islam were neither deniers of God nor Muhammad, they were still part of the Muslim community and were Muslims only in the sense that they belonged to the 1138:. Within the Community, the newspaper serves as a vehicle for the moral upbringing of its members, Islamic education and preservation of the Community's history. 3807: 888: 1261:(those who depart from the right path) in distinction to disbelief in a basic element of the faith which would have excluded them from the Muslim community ( 3875: 1814:

scheme were established. The scheme was to grow into international proportions during the leadership of later Caliphs of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.

2172:

Over the years, Mahmood Ahmad's health continued a prolonged process of slow but progressive decline. He died on 8 November 1965 at 2:20 a.m., in

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organised as such with the view that its members would be able to work more freely and comfortably within their own respective circles and age groups.

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contains over 800 writings and lectures (excluding the many thousands of sermons). Mahmood Ahmad is regarded by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community as the

1371:

to discuss Turkey's future existence. Mahmood was invited to attend, but could not attend in person. However, he wrote a booklet, on the subject of

1657: 1536:

and in the Punjab. When Mahmood Ahmad came to know of this activity he launched a counter campaign by setting up a network of missionaries across

1822:

With the expansion of the Community's numbers and work, Mahmood Ahmad established separate auxiliary organisations based on age and gender. The

1442:

This photo was taken during Mirza Mahmood Ahmad's Tour of England in 1924. From right to left: Fazl ul-Rahman Hakim; Mirza Mahmood Ahmad and

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who did not accept him—as well as the form the leadership should take within the movement, viz. the relative authority of the caliph and the

981:. He was elected as the second successor of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad on 14 March 1914 at the age of 25, the day after the death of his predecessor 648: 2184:

III, his successor led the funeral prayer. The service was held on 9 November 1965 and attended by over 50,000 people. He was buried in

3760: 3561: 732: 2402:"Anwarul 'Ulum : Urdu Books by Hazrat Mirza Bashir-ud-din Mahmud Ahmad Khalifatul Masih II – Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at Urdu Pages" 3765: 742: 3684: 2164:. In London, Mahmood Ahmad held a conference of all missionaries stationed in Europe and visited various other European countries. 1618:

for 4 days. He also visited France and England where he delivered numerous lectures, held meetings and was interviewed by numerous

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did not apply to non-Ahmadi Muslims, Mahmood Ahmad did maintain that such Muslims were not deemed to be outside the pale of Islam.

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Later reforms included the introduction of the department for external affairs, and the establishment of the system of provincial

1391: 3885: 3507: 3486: 3436: 3415: 3394: 3341: 3296: 3163: 3265: 2618: 1203:, opposed his succession and refrained from pledging their allegiance to him, eventually leaving Qadian and relocating to 2371: 933: 893: 3373: 3087: 2973: 1103:, who had been chosen to succeed Ghulam Ahmad. After the passing of his father, Mahmood Ahmad continued to study the 1573:

Mirza Mahmood Ahmad (seated center) with the scholars who accompanied him in his tour of the Middle East and Europe.

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Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan: An Analysis Under International Law and International Relations

2259: 1978: 1651: 1532:. The Shuddhi Campaign had been somewhat successful in their activity between 1922 and 1923 and had been active in 3663: 597: 97: 2315: 3554: 2298: 1540:

where this activity was rife, to propagate the teachings of Islam and save people from converting to Hinduism.

1271:

ultimately amounted to rejection of Muhammad, he utilised the broad connotations and usages of the Arabic word

1091:. During his youth, he remained an active member in the service of the Movement by founding a journal entitled 1399:

election as leader of the movement, lamenting the Muslim leaders for turning to a non-Muslim for their cause.

1471:. The Emir of each province functions under the Caliph for the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community of various places. 20: 2275: 2041:

in Qadian to guard the sites holy to Ahmadis, including two of his sons. Initially the Community settled at

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Towards the end of 1905, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad published a short treatise anticipating his own death entitled

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under the leadership of the Khalifa. Rabwah swiftly developed into the Community's new headquarters. In

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He also managed the translation and publication of the Qur´an into various languages. His ten-volume “

3597: 3547: 2684:, The Promised Messiah and Mahdi by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited 2231: 2117:

for further medical and surgical treatment due to constant discomfort and unease. Briefly staying in

1561:) attended by Muslims and non-Muslims alike. A practice which is still carried out by Ahmadis today. 1520:

missionary campaign to revert to Hinduism, those who had converted to other faiths (in most cases to

1208: 1193: 292: 1099:

when Mahmood Ahmad was 19 years old. The next day on 27 May 1908, he gave the pledged allegiance to

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propagation in foreign countries during the course of which 46 foreign missions were established.

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for the training of missionaries and had them posted to various countries. Mahmood Ahmad also had

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to him on account of certain differences over succession and theology; and possibly owing to a

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and the creation of Pakistan in 1947, he carefully oversaw the safe migration of Ahmadis from

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and it wasn't until 1948 that the Community found a tract of arid land and built the town of

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he also paid a visit to the Memorial to Britain's Fallen Comrades-in-Arms from India during

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for girls aged seven to fifteen years in 1938. The men were divided into three groups, the

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Lathan, Andrea (2008). "The Relativity of Categorizing in the Context of the Aḥmadiyya".

2478:"Ahmadiyya Muslim Community -Alfazl Home Page – Daily from Rabwah and Weekly from London" 1971: 1778: 1728:

Mahmood Ahmad resigned from presidency in 1932 due to the agitations of the Ahrar party.

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and accompanied his father on many of his journeys. On 26 May 1908, Ghulam Ahmad died in

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A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Advisory Council, Department of Justice

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On 10 March 1954, a man was able to stand in the first row behind Mahmood Ahmad during

2026: 1858: 1685: 1549: 1517: 1443: 1352: 1150: 1147: 1100: 1080: 1076: 1048: 1033: 982: 978: 974: 919: 904: 710: 674: 641: 433: 366: 316: 267: 261: 2053:, Mahmood Ahmad delivered a series of lectures on the future of Pakistan in terms of: 1660:, where he had been invited by the conveners of the conference to represent Islam. In 3745: 3740: 3503: 3482: 3432: 3411: 3390: 3369: 3337: 3292: 3159: 3126: 3083: 2969: 2508: 2426: 2221: 2210: 2177: 2096: 2082: 1985: 1741: 1689: 1383: 1379: 1363:

during the first world war, which had a profound effect on the Muslims of India, the

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into English with a detailed commentary for the benefit of English speaking nations.

1134: 689: 684: 326: 229: 206: 3365:

Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background

1291:), which, according to him, was different from saying that they are Muslims and not 3709: 3699: 3455: 2204: 2185: 2181: 2006: 1866: 1484: 1164: 1044: 1015: 1005: 820: 618: 611: 123: 1427:. He also gave lectures on the exposition of the Qur'an for Ahmadi men and women. 1287:

of Muhammad and as such were entitled to be treated as members of Muslim society (

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Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924

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Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924

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During his travels, Mahmood Ahmad had also inspected the various missions of the

1396: 958: 877: 844: 772: 737: 508: 1869:(Islamic) calendar is based on lunar movements and starts with the migration of 1577:

In 1924, accompanied by 12 eminent Ahmadis, Mirza Mahmood Ahmad visited various

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Muslim reactions to the shuddhi campaign in early twentieth century North India

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Muslims. For him, since such Muslims as had not accepted one appointed by God (

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in 1947. He carefully oversaw the emigration of members of the community from

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The following is a list of some of the major works of Mirza Mahmood Ahmad.

1914: 1631: 1602: 1121: 727: 2138: 2122: 1681: 1619: 1578: 1039:. He was also one of the founding members and the first president of the 481: 476: 3539: 3467: 1207:, something which led to a veritable secession and the formation of the 3571: 3308:

A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Hijri – Shamsi Calendar

3192:

A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: First Journey to London

3127:

Hazrat Musleh Mau'ood, Khalifatul Masih II, in the Eyes of Non-Ahmadies

1886: 1586: 1513: 383: 347: 3138:'Gate of Lud' Abul Husayn Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Qushayri al-Nishapuri. 1569: 1116:

debates with various scholars of the Community. Mahmood Ahmad visited

1032:, Mahmood Ahmad was also an active political figure especially in pre- 48: 3575: 3001:

A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Upbringing of Members

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Political Solidarity of Islam: fatwas of Kufr and their significance

2530:

A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Propagation of Islam

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for women above the age of fifteen was established in 1922 and the

1740:, were a short lived separatist political movement who were former 1677: 1669: 1606: 1554: 1021: 898: 3428:

From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia

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for boys aged seven to fifteen, both established in 1938; and the

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Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan

2161: 2142: 2133:. He continued travelling and received some medical treatment in 2118: 1946: 1922: 1529: 1525: 1420: 1415:. In 1920, in order to promote understanding and harmony between 1368: 1112: 3064:

A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam: Malkana Movement

1004:), improvement of its administration, formally establishing the 3612: 3607: 3478:

The Ahmadis and the Politics of Religious Exclusion in Pakistan

3320:

Library of Congress Country Studies: Pakistan – Jamaat-i-Islami

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Friday sermon, 25 September 1935, Al-Fadhl 6 October 1935, p.5

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in September 1912 during the course of which he performed the

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is based on the solar movements and starts with the birth of

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Mahmood was usually at variance with the activities of the

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Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice

2907: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2767: 2743: 2687: 2636: 1390:. The Movement became a major part of the struggle of the 1351:

Mahmood Ahmad became an important political figure in pre-

3142:. Of the Turmoil & Portents of the Last Hour. No 7015 2842: 2109: 1643: 1503: 1155: 2755: 2663: 2506: 1642:(the gate of Lud) and led some 300 Muslims in a lengthy 1564: 1430: 3266:"Significant events of his Caliphate | Islam Ahmadiyya" 2890: 2791: 2624: 2559: 1708:

The committee however faced strong opposition from the

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In 1919 Mahmood Ahmad also made certain reforms to the

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allay any prejudices towards Islam. He also criticised

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Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire

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India, and had close contacts with the leadership of

3033:. Islam International Publications. pp. 318–324 2854: 2830: 2719: 2651: 2571: 1172:, which collected the funds from the members of the 1043:

set up for the establishment of the civil rights of

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within the movement in which a party refrained from

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Loyal Enemies: British Converts to Islam, 1850-1950

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Fazl-e-Umar: Hadhrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad

2996: 2994: 2818: 2595: 2535: 3525:The English Writings of Hazrat Khalifatul Masih II 2919: 2866: 2731: 2702: 1695: 1474: 3530:Life Sketch of Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad 2337: 1889:corresponds to 1387 Hijri-Shamsi (abbreviated as 3847: 2991: 2453:"A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam" 1630:Upon arrival in London he proceeded directly to 1413:The dependence of peace upon Islam in the future 988:Mahmood Ahmad's election as second caliph saw a 3069: 2955: 2523: 2445: 1346: 173:Syeda Maryam Nisa Begum (m. 1921; d. 1944) 2354:, the first caliph of the Ahmadiyya movement. 1688:and led prayers in the ground in front of the 1059:. A 26 volume compilation of his works called 649:Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth 3555: 3535:Audio Addresses of Hazrat Khalifatul Masih II 2283:(Solution to the political problems of India) 1658:Wembley's Conference of Living Religions 1924 1132:in June 1913, he started a newspaper, titled 953:; 12 January 1889 – 8 November 1965) was the 927: 2217:Introduction to the study of the Holy Qur'an 1852: 1672:in order to carry out a ritual imitation of 1402: 1373:The future of Turkey and the duty of Muslims 1001: 3876:People from Punjab Province (British India) 3237:. Law.harvard.edu. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 2502: 2500: 2498: 2002:(polytheism) would have become widespread. 3562: 3548: 3322:. Lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 2809:Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad, (1935), 2342:Mirza Mahmood Ahmad was the eldest son of 1817: 950: 934: 920: 47: 39: 3569: 3495: 3431:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 3403: 3361: 2937: 2913: 2901: 2848: 2797: 2773: 2761: 2749: 2696: 2682:"The Question of Finality of Prophethood" 2669: 2645: 2630: 2589: 2565: 2072:Development of land air and naval forces. 1838:for young men aged fifteen to forty; the 1664:he also laid the foundation stone of the 1516:(a Hindu reformist Movement) started the 1075:Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood was born to 19:For other people named Bashir Ahmad, see 3685:The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam 3291:, Tilford: Islam International, p. 345. 2507:Khan, Muhammad Zafrullah (Spring 1995). 2495: 2103: 2016: 2012: 1772: 1568: 1437: 3310:. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 3194:. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 3129:. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 3105:. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 3075: 3066:. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 3015:. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 3003:. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 2961: 2532:. Alislam.org. Retrieved on 2021-07-08. 3848: 3445: 3382: 3331: 3158:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 138. 3151: 2949: 2553: 2037:to Pakistan. He kept 313 men known as 1482:In 1922 Mahmood Ahmad established the 1375:which was read out at the conference. 182:Maryam Siddiqa (m. 1935; d. 1996) 16:Ahmadiyya religious leader (1889–1965) 3543: 3474: 3389:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3225:Sawan-e-Fazl-e-Umar, Vol.3, p.258-259 3027:Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the true Islam 2824: 2785: 2725: 2606: 2195: 1885:Jesus. According to this method 2008 1565:Journey to the Middle East and Europe 167:Mahmuda Begum (m. 1902; d. 1958) 3424: 2988:Swan-e-Fazl-e-Umar, Vol.2, p.298-302 2925: 2884: 2872: 2860: 2836: 2737: 2713: 2657: 2577: 2541: 1625: 185:Bushra Begum (m. 1944; d. 1997) 3368:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1992: 1768: 1446:. At the bottom, two West-Africans. 1240: 962: 894:Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran 176:Sarah Begum (m. 1925; d. 1933) 13: 3103:A Brief History of Ahmadiyya India 1359:. In 1919 following the defeat of 947:Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad 53:Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad 14: 3897: 3518: 3216:Sawan-e-Fazl-e-Umar, vol.3, p.260 2619:"The Issue of Khatam-un-Nabiyyin" 2333:(collection of Poetry of Mahmood) 2281:Hindustan ke Siyasi Masael ka hal 2176:, Pakistan. Upon the election of 2076: 1223: 170:Amtul Hai (m. 1914; d. 1924) 3826: 3825: 3570: 3354: 3246:Al-Fadhl, 13 December 1934, p.11 1808:Friday sermon, 27 September 1935 1302: 382: 291: 3410:. Montreal: Guernica Editions. 3325: 3313: 3301: 3279: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3228: 3219: 3210: 3197: 3185: 3172: 3145: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3096: 3057: 3045: 3018: 3006: 2982: 2803: 2675: 2621:, The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement 2612: 2276:Muhammad the Liberator of Women 2091:Mirza Mahmood Ahmad announced: 1696:The All India Kashmir Committee 1128:pilgrimage. Upon his return to 3496:Valentine, Simon Ross (2008). 2470: 2419: 2394: 2364: 2338:Family, marriages and children 2239:(The Economic System of Islam) 2188:in Rabwah next to his mother, 1781:in London, established in 1924 1731: 1315:) in which he established the 989: 1: 3404:Gualtieri, Antonio R (1989). 2815:, Qadian: Book Depot, pp.9–10 2372:"The Fadl-i-'Umar Foundation" 2357: 2250:(The Truth about Prophethood) 2121:, Mahmood Ahmad travelled to 1070: 21:Bashir Ahmad (disambiguation) 3886:Family of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 3117:. London, 11 September 1924. 2509:"Re-Institution of Khilafat" 2427:"Ahmadiyya Muslim Community" 2232:The New World Order of Islam 2066:Livestock and mineral assets 1585:countries. He traveled from 1546:Bhartiya Hindu Shuddhi Sabha 1347:The non-cooperation movement 1187: 1141: 179:Aziza Begum (m. 1926–?) 32:Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood 7: 3773:(International Aid Charity) 3425:Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). 3362:Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). 2272:(Excellences of the Qur'an) 2021:Mirza Mahmood Ahmad in 1954 1702:All India Kashmir Committee 1467:initially, only within the 1382:which strove to defend the 1365:All India Muslim Conference 1041:All India Kashmir Committee 1014:. He is also known for his 969:), leader of the worldwide 10: 3902: 3798:Ahmadiyya and other faiths 3726:Successors of the Messiah: 3719:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 3076:Qureshi, M. Naeem (1999). 2962:Qureshi, M. Naeem (1999). 2260:Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam 2207:(The Extensive Commentary) 2154:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 2080: 1653:Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam 1512:In the early Twenties the 1508:Movement of the Arya Samāj 1191: 1174:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 971:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community 951:مرزا بشیر الدین محمود احمد 873:Ahmadiyya and other faiths 40:مرزا بشیر الدین محمود احمد 18: 3821: 3808:Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement 3780: 3718: 3672: 3652: 3621: 3585: 3475:Qasmi, Ali Usman (2015). 3332:Rahman, Mujeebur (2012). 3285:Rahman, Mujeebur (2012), 2305:The Truth about the Split 2299:Did Jesus Redeem Mankind? 1881:, which occurred in 622. 1853:The Hijri-Shamsi calendar 1403:Inter-faith understanding 1209:Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement 1194:Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement 967:khalīfatul masīh al-thāni 889:Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement 342: 332: 322: 312: 304: 299: 287: 277: 254: 192: 153: 143: 131: 108: 79: 74: 58: 46: 37: 30: 3481:. London: Anthem Press. 3460:10.1163/157006008X364749 3082:. BRILL. pp. 347–. 2968:. BRILL. pp. 480–. 2222:Invitation to Ahmadiyyat 2167: 2060:Agriculture and industry 1964:(brotherhood): September 1710:Indian National Congress 1646:outside the entrance of 1392:Non-cooperation movement 663:Organizational structure 214:Mirza Munawar Ahmad 211:Mirza Mubarik Ahmad 3454:(3/4). Brill: 372–393. 3203:Shahid, Dost Mohammad. 3178:Shahid, Dost Mohammad. 2376:fazleumarfoundation.org 2256:(The spiritual Journey) 2237:Islam ka Iqdisadi Nizam 1982:(prophethood): November 1818:Auxiliary Organisations 1738:Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam 1634:to fulfill a prophetic 1357:All-India Muslim League 1002:Auxiliary Organisations 240:Mirza Haneef Ahmad 226:Mirza Waseem Ahmad 220:Mirza Hafeez Ahmad 217:Mirza Khalil Ahmad 3383:Gilham, Jamie (2014). 3207:. vol IV. pp. 454–455. 2289:(The Existence of God) 2213:(The Short Commentary) 2156:in Europe and visited 2025:In 1947 following the 2022: 1811: 1782: 1766: 1726: 1574: 1452:Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya 1447: 1433:Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya 1317:Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya 1213:clash of personalities 1170:Anjuman Tehrik-e-Jadīd 1083:on 12 January 1889 in 998:clash of personalities 977:from his second wife, 973:and the eldest son of 243:Mirza Azhar Ahmad 237:Mirza Naeem Ahmad 234:Mirza Anwar Ahmad 3598:Six articles of faith 3593:Five Pillars of Islam 3586:Beliefs and practices 3115:Near East & India 2346:from his second wife 2243:Muhammad in the Bible 2104:Assassination attempt 2020: 2013:Migration to Pakistan 1910:(preaching): February 1800: 1776: 1756:Verily I am your Lord 1751: 1715: 1674:William the Conqueror 1572: 1441: 1409:The need for religion 1220:(executive council). 492:Promised Reformer Day 411:Six articles of faith 406:Five Pillars of Islam 394:Beliefs and practices 223:Mirza Rafi Ahmad 63:Caliph of the Messiah 3793:Ahmadiyya by country 3152:Geaves, Ron (2017). 2316:Remembrance of Allah 2287:Hasti-ye Bari Ta'ala 2248:Haqeeqat al-Nabuwwat 2099:, 15 February 1953). 1956:(appearance): August 1835:Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya 1638:which refers to the 1524:), particularly the 1490:Consultative Council 1201:Maulana Muhammad Ali 868:Ahmadiyya by country 487:Promised Messiah Day 350:.fazleumarfoundation 246:Mirza Rafiq Ahmad 3856:Ahmadiyya Caliphate 3680:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 3448:Die Welt des Islams 3205:Tarikh e Ahmadiyyat 3180:Tarikh e Ahmadiyyat 3054:, The Milli Gazette 2382:on 17 February 2015 2295:(The Angels of God) 2265:The Real Revolution 1988:(victory): December 1972:Expedition of Tabuk 1942:(benevolence): June 1918:(protection): March 1830:Nasiratul Ahmadiyya 1723:Sawan-e-Fazl-e-Umar 1648:St Paul's Cathedral 1559:Jalsa Seeratun-Nabi 1093:Tash'heezul Az'haan 1089:secondary education 1012:Indian subcontinent 994:pledging allegiance 963:خليفة المسيح الثاني 797:Baitul Futuh Mosque 778:Al-Masjid an-Nabawi 627:Review of Religions 466:Days of remembrance 3871:Ahmadiyyah caliphs 3655:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 2887:, pp. 73, 77. 2592:, pp. 149–50. 2433:. 23 February 2000 2348:Nusrat Jahan Begum 2344:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 2311:Way of the Seekers 2196:Works and speeches 2190:Nusrat Jahan Begum 2088:Governor General. 2023: 1926:(martyrdom): April 1859:Gregorian Calendar 1783: 1686:Chattri (Brighton) 1593:and from there to 1575: 1550:Swami Shraddhanand 1448: 1444:Abdul Rahim Nayyar 1341:khalīfat al-masīh 1151:Hakeem Noor-ud-Din 1148:Khalifatul Masih I 1146:On 13 March 1914, 1101:Hakeem Noor-ud-Din 1081:Nusrat Jahan Begum 1049:Partition of India 979:Nusrat Jahan Begum 975:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 905:Mai Mari da Ashtan 642:The Muslim Sunrise 505:Foundational texts 434:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 317:Hakeem Noor-ud-Din 268:Nusrat Jahan Begum 262:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 135:Bahishti Maqbara, 3881:Pakistani Ahmadis 3843: 3842: 3766:MTA International 3509:978-1-85065-916-7 3502:. London: HURST. 3488:978-1-78308-425-8 3438:978-0-253-01529-7 3417:978-0-920717-41-7 3396:978-1-84904-275-8 3343:978-0-85525-995-2 3297:978-0-85525-995-2 3182:. vol IV. p. 446. 3165:978-1-4742-7173-8 2940:, p. 19, 21. 2916:, pp. 18–19. 2788:, pp. 134–5. 2776:, pp. 15–16. 2752:, pp. 160–1. 2699:, pp. 157–8. 2648:, pp. 152–3. 2556:, pp. 138–9. 2352:Hakim Noor-ud-Din 2227:Gift to the Kings 2211:Tafseer-e-Sagheer 2178:Mirza Nasir Ahmad 2083:1953 Lahore riots 1840:Atfalul Ahmadiyya 1825:Lajna Amaa' illah 1690:Brighton Pavilion 1626:Arrival in London 1605:. He traveled to 1475:Establishment of 1397:Mohandas Gandhi's 1384:Ottoman Caliphate 1380:Khilafat movement 944: 943: 620:Haqā'iq al-Furqān 358: 357: 327:Mirza Nasir Ahmad 230:Mirza Tahir Ahmad 207:Mirza Nasir Ahmad 3893: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3710:Tafseer-e-Kabeer 3700:Victory of Islam 3656: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3557: 3550: 3541: 3540: 3513: 3492: 3471: 3442: 3421: 3400: 3379: 3348: 3347: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3262: 3256: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3217: 3214: 3208: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3149: 3143: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3032: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2989: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2863:, pp. 77–8. 2858: 2852: 2851:, pp. 55–6. 2846: 2840: 2839:, pp. 73–4. 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2711: 2700: 2694: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2660:, pp. 66–7. 2655: 2649: 2643: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2580:, pp. 71–2. 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2544:, pp. 64–5. 2539: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2504: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2474: 2468: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2449: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2378:. Archived from 2368: 2321:Life of Muhammad 2270:Fazail al-Qur'an 2205:Tafseer-e-Kabeer 2186:Bahishti Maqbara 2182:Khalifatul Masih 2007:Tafseer-e-Kabeer 1993:The Promised Son 1934:(Migration): May 1902:(peace): January 1809: 1769:The 'New Scheme' 1764: 1724: 1656:was read out in 1650:. His speech on 1485:Majlis-ash-Shura 1241:On other Muslims 1165:Khalifatul Masih 1047:. Following the 1045:Kashmiri Muslims 983:Hakim Nur-ud-Din 964: 952: 936: 929: 922: 821:Minaret-ul-Masih 704:Majlis al-Shura 580: 570: 558: 548: 386: 377: 371: 370: 360: 359: 354: 351: 349: 295: 201: 162: 115: 89: 87: 67:Amir al-Mu'minin 51: 41: 28: 27: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3846: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3832: 3817: 3803:List of Ahmadis 3776: 3714: 3668: 3654: 3648: 3617: 3581: 3576: 3568: 3521: 3516: 3510: 3489: 3439: 3418: 3397: 3376: 3357: 3352: 3351: 3344: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3284: 3280: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3202: 3198: 3190: 3186: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3150: 3146: 3137: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3090: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2960: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2900: 2891: 2883: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2859: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2808: 2804: 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546: 511: 497: 496: 467: 459: 458: 429: 421: 420: 396: 373: 372: 364: 363: 346: 273: 249: 203: 202: 199: 188: 164: 163: 160: 127: 117: 113: 112:7 November 1965 104: 91: 90:12 January 1889 85: 83: 69: 65: 54: 42: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3899: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3822: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3784: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3771:Humanity First 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3690:Jesus in India 3687: 3682: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3666: 3660: 3658: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3625: 3623: 3622:Distinct views 3619: 3618: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3567: 3566: 3559: 3552: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3520: 3519:External links 3517: 3515: 3514: 3508: 3493: 3487: 3472: 3443: 3437: 3422: 3416: 3401: 3395: 3380: 3374: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3342: 3324: 3312: 3300: 3278: 3257: 3248: 3239: 3227: 3218: 3209: 3196: 3184: 3171: 3164: 3144: 3131: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3088: 3068: 3056: 3044: 3017: 3005: 2990: 2981: 2974: 2954: 2952:, p. 382. 2942: 2938:Friedmann 2003 2930: 2918: 2914:Friedmann 2003 2906: 2902:Friedmann 2003 2889: 2877: 2865: 2853: 2849:Valentine 2008 2841: 2829: 2817: 2802: 2798:Gualtieri 1989 2790: 2778: 2774:Gualtieri 1989 2766: 2764:, p. 161. 2762:Friedmann 2003 2754: 2750:Friedmann 2003 2742: 2730: 2728:, p. 188. 2718: 2701: 2697:Friedmann 2003 2686: 2674: 2672:, p. 152. 2670:Friedmann 2003 2662: 2650: 2646:Friedmann 2003 2635: 2631:Valentine 2008 2623: 2611: 2594: 2590:Friedmann 2003 2582: 2570: 2566:Friedmann 2003 2558: 2546: 2534: 2522: 2494: 2469: 2444: 2418: 2393: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2301: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2273: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2251: 2245: 2240: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2208: 2197: 2194: 2169: 2166: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2081:Main article: 2078: 2077:The 1953 riots 2075: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2014: 2011: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1989: 1983: 1975: 1965: 1957: 1951: 1943: 1935: 1927: 1919: 1911: 1903: 1854: 1851: 1819: 1816: 1805: 1791:Tehrik-e-Jedid 1770: 1767: 1760: 1733: 1730: 1720: 1697: 1694: 1627: 1624: 1614:and stayed in 1579:Middle Eastern 1566: 1563: 1509: 1502: 1479: 1477:Majlis-i-Shūra 1473: 1435: 1429: 1404: 1401: 1388:Ottoman Empire 1348: 1345: 1304: 1301: 1242: 1239: 1225: 1224:On prophethood 1222: 1189: 1186: 1143: 1140: 1072: 1069: 1017:Tafsīr-e-Kabīr 942: 941: 939: 938: 931: 924: 916: 913: 912: 909: 908: 907:(Tomb of Mary) 902: 896: 891: 886: 883:Humanity First 880: 875: 870: 865: 859: 856: 855: 852: 851: 848: 847: 842: 830: 829: 828: 826:Mubarak Mosque 823: 818: 806: 805: 804: 802:Mubarak Mosque 799: 794: 785:United Kingdom 782: 781: 780: 775: 770: 758: 757: 754: 753: 750: 749: 746: 745: 740: 735: 730: 724: 723: 718: 713: 707: 706: 700: 699: 698: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 666: 661: 660: 657: 656: 653: 652: 645: 638: 630: 623: 616: 613:Tafsīr-e-Kabīr 609: 602: 594: 592:Key literature 591: 590: 587: 586: 583: 582: 572: 561: 560: 550: 540: 520: 512: 503: 502: 499: 498: 495: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 468: 465: 464: 461: 460: 457: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 430: 428:Distinct views 427: 426: 423: 422: 419: 418: 413: 408: 403: 397: 392: 391: 388: 387: 379: 378: 356: 355: 344: 340: 339: 334: 330: 329: 324: 320: 319: 314: 310: 309: 306: 302: 301: 297: 296: 289: 285: 284: 279: 275: 274: 272: 271: 265: 258: 256: 252: 251: 248: 247: 244: 241: 238: 235: 232: 227: 224: 221: 218: 215: 212: 209: 198: 197: 196: 194: 190: 189: 187: 186: 183: 180: 177: 174: 171: 168: 159: 158: 157: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 133: 129: 128: 118: 116:(aged 76) 110: 106: 105: 92: 81: 77: 76: 72: 71: 60: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 38: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3898: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3836: 3835: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781:Miscellaneous 3779: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3573: 3565: 3560: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3546: 3545: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3511: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3381: 3377: 3375:0-19-566252-0 3371: 3367: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3355:Cited sources 3345: 3339: 3335: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3282: 3267: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3236: 3231: 3222: 3213: 3206: 3200: 3193: 3188: 3181: 3175: 3167: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3141: 3135: 3128: 3123: 3116: 3111: 3104: 3099: 3091: 3089:90-04-11371-1 3085: 3081: 3080: 3072: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3048: 3029: 3028: 3021: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2997: 2995: 2985: 2977: 2975:90-04-11371-1 2971: 2967: 2966: 2958: 2951: 2946: 2939: 2934: 2928:, p. 77. 2927: 2922: 2915: 2910: 2904:, p. 19. 2903: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2886: 2881: 2875:, p. 75. 2874: 2869: 2862: 2857: 2850: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2827:, p. 96. 2826: 2821: 2814: 2813: 2806: 2800:, p. 16. 2799: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2775: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2751: 2746: 2740:, p. 68. 2739: 2734: 2727: 2722: 2716:, p. 69. 2715: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2683: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2659: 2654: 2647: 2642: 2640: 2633:, p. 57. 2632: 2627: 2620: 2615: 2609:, p. 39. 2608: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2591: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2568:, p. 21. 2567: 2562: 2555: 2550: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2526: 2510: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2483: 2479: 2473: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2432: 2428: 2422: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2326:Hadhrat Ahmad 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2293:Malaykatullah 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2254:Ser-e-Roohani 2252: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2098: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2084: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2019: 2010: 2008: 2003: 2001: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1826: 1815: 1804: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1787: 1780: 1775: 1759: 1757: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1729: 1719: 1714: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1571: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1544:president of 1541: 1539: 1538:Uttar Pradesh 1535: 1531: 1528:, a group of 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1501: 1499: 1498: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1478: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1445: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1303:On succession 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1221: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1195: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1139: 1137: 1136: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1109:Sahih Bukhari 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1068: 1066: 1065:Musleh Ma'ood 1062: 1061:Anwārul Uloom 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1031: 1028:. A renowned 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 986: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 960: 956: 955:second caliph 948: 937: 932: 930: 925: 923: 918: 917: 915: 914: 906: 903: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885:(NGO Charity) 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 860: 857:Miscellaneous 854: 853: 846: 843: 841: 838: 837: 835: 834: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 813: 811: 810: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 787: 786: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 765: 763: 762: 752: 751: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 725: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 705: 702: 701: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 672: 671: 668: 667: 664: 659: 658: 651: 650: 646: 644: 643: 639: 637: 635: 631: 629: 628: 624: 622: 621: 617: 615: 614: 610: 608: 607: 603: 601: 600: 596: 595: 589: 588: 581: 577: 573: 571: 567: 563: 562: 559: 555: 551: 549: 545: 541: 538: 537: 532: 531: 526: 525: 521: 519: 518: 514: 513: 510: 506: 501: 500: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 472:Caliphate Day 470: 469: 463: 462: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 435: 432: 431: 425: 424: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 398: 395: 390: 389: 385: 381: 380: 376: 368: 362: 361: 353: 345: 341: 338: 335: 331: 328: 325: 321: 318: 315: 311: 308:14 March 1914 307: 303: 300:Muslim leader 298: 294: 290: 286: 283: 280: 276: 269: 266: 263: 260: 259: 257: 253: 245: 242: 239: 236: 233: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 208: 205: 204: 195: 191: 184: 181: 178: 175: 172: 169: 166: 165: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 138: 134: 132:Resting place 130: 125: 121: 111: 107: 103: 102:British India 99: 95: 82: 78: 73: 68: 64: 61: 57: 50: 45: 36: 29: 26: 22: 3830: 3813:Ordinance XX 3756:Jalsa Salana 3735: 3498: 3477: 3451: 3447: 3427: 3406: 3385: 3364: 3333: 3327: 3315: 3303: 3287: 3281: 3269:. Retrieved 3260: 3251: 3242: 3230: 3221: 3212: 3199: 3187: 3174: 3154: 3147: 3140:Sahih Muslim 3139: 3134: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3098: 3078: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3035:. Retrieved 3026: 3020: 3008: 2984: 2964: 2957: 2945: 2933: 2921: 2909: 2880: 2868: 2856: 2844: 2832: 2820: 2811: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2745: 2733: 2721: 2677: 2665: 2653: 2626: 2614: 2585: 2573: 2561: 2549: 2537: 2525: 2513:. Retrieved 2485:. Retrieved 2481: 2472: 2460:. Retrieved 2456: 2447: 2435:. Retrieved 2430: 2421: 2409:. Retrieved 2405: 2396: 2384:. Retrieved 2380:the original 2375: 2366: 2341: 2330: 2304: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2269: 2253: 2247: 2236: 2199: 2171: 2151: 2107: 2090: 2086: 2038: 2027:independence 2024: 2004: 1996: 1977: 1967: 1959: 1953: 1945: 1937: 1929: 1921: 1913: 1905: 1897: 1890: 1883: 1865:, while the 1856: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1821: 1812: 1801: 1795:Waqf-e-Jedid 1794: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1755: 1752: 1735: 1727: 1716: 1707: 1700:In 1931 the 1699: 1652: 1639: 1629: 1576: 1558: 1545: 1542: 1511: 1505: 1494: 1489: 1483: 1481: 1476: 1462: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1449: 1432: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1377: 1372: 1367:was held in 1364: 1353:independence 1350: 1340: 1336: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1306: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1246: 1244: 1235: 1227: 1217: 1197: 1169: 1145: 1133: 1092: 1077:Ghulam Ahmad 1074: 1064: 1060: 1034:independence 1016: 1006: 987: 966: 946: 945: 831: 807: 783: 759: 728:Jalsa Salana 679: 647: 640: 633: 625: 619: 612: 604: 598: 575: 565: 553: 543: 534: 528: 522: 515: 305:Consecration 278:Denomination 114:(1965-11-07) 70:Promised Son 25: 3866:1965 deaths 3861:1889 births 3788:Persecution 3695:Noor-ul-Haq 3629:Prophethood 3334:Fazl-e-Umar 2950:Lathan 2008 2554:Gilham 2014 2482:alislam.org 2457:alislam.org 2431:alislam.org 2406:alislam.org 2139:Netherlands 2123:Switzerland 2063:Forestation 1779:Fazl Mosque 1732:Persecution 1682:World War I 1666:Fazl Mosque 1620:journalists 1309:Al-Wasiyyat 1211:. Though a 863:Persecution 840:Aqsa Mosque 816:Aqsa Mosque 792:Fazl Mosque 636:(newspaper) 482:Eid al-Fitr 477:Eid al-Adha 439:Prophethood 313:Predecessor 250:9 daughters 3850:Categories 3673:Literature 3271:19 October 2825:Qasmi 2015 2786:Qasmi 2015 2726:Qasmi 2015 2607:Qasmi 2015 2358:References 1974:): October 1845:Ansarullah 1742:Khalifites 1640:Bāb al-Lud 1587:Port Saeed 1557:known as ( 1514:Arya Samāj 1192:See also: 1071:Early life 557:(exegesis) 139:, Pakistan 126:, Pakistan 86:1889-01-12 3644:Evolution 3577:Ahmadiyya 3037:24 August 2926:Khan 2015 2885:Khan 2015 2873:Khan 2015 2861:Khan 2015 2837:Khan 2015 2738:Khan 2015 2714:Khan 2015 2658:Khan 2015 2578:Khan 2015 2542:Khan 2015 2511:. Al-Nahl 2487:20 August 2462:20 August 2437:20 August 2411:20 August 2386:20 August 2039:Dervishes 1684:known as 1595:Jerusalem 1331:death of 1289:mu'ashira 1188:The Split 1142:Caliphate 990:secession 755:Key sites 454:Evolution 375:Ahmadiyya 323:Successor 288:Signature 282:Ahmadiyya 161:7 spouses 3833:Category 3705:Malfūzāt 3664:Writings 3468:27798273 2515:13 March 2051:Pakistan 2031:Pakistan 1979:Nabuwwat 1923:Shahadat 1907:Tableegh 1871:Muhammad 1806:— 1763:Al-Fadhl 1761:— 1721:— 1678:Brighton 1670:Pevensey 1607:Damascus 1583:European 1555:Muhammad 1526:Malkanas 1337:The Will 1333:Muhammad 1325:khilāfah 1321:The Will 1313:The Will 1231:Muhammad 1022:exegesis 899:Roza Bal 670:Caliphs: 606:Malfūzāt 509:sciences 367:a series 365:Part of 270:(mother) 264:(father) 193:Children 144:Religion 75:Personal 3761:Mosques 2162:Austria 2143:Hamburg 2119:Lebanon 2097:Al-Fazl 2057:Defence 1632:Ludgate 1530:Rajputs 1518:Shuddhi 1506:Shuddhi 1488:or the 1421:Muslims 1369:Lucknow 1258:fasiqun 1218:Anjuman 1178:mosques 1135:Al-Fazl 1113:Masnavi 1024:of the 733:Mosques 716:Khuddām 634:Al Fazl 547:(creed) 343:Website 255:Parents 200:13 sons 3613:Sunnah 3608:Hadith 3580:topics 3506: 3485: 3466: 3435: 3414: 3393: 3372: 3340: 3295: 3162: 3086: 2972: 2174:Rabwah 2158:Venice 2147:London 2137:, the 2135:Zurich 2127:Athens 2115:Europe 2047:Rabwah 2043:Lahore 2035:Qadian 1954:Zahoor 1939:Ihsaan 1931:Hijrat 1879:Medina 1662:London 1644:prayer 1636:Hadith 1469:Punjab 1464:Amārat 1417:Hindus 1361:Turkey 1293:kafirs 1253:kafirs 1205:Lahore 1182:Qur'an 1161:Bai'at 1130:Qadian 1122:Arabia 1111:, the 1097:Lahore 1085:Qadian 1057:Rabwah 1053:Qadian 1030:orator 1026:Qur'an 959:Arabic 833:Rabwah 809:Qadian 576:Sharia 554:Tafsir 544:Aqidah 530:Hadith 524:Sunnah 416:Bay'ah 401:Tawhid 337:Caliph 154:Spouse 137:Rabwah 124:Punjab 120:Rabwah 98:Punjab 94:Qadian 3639:Jihad 3634:Jesus 3603:Quran 3464:JSTOR 3031:(PDF) 2168:Death 2000:shirk 1968:Tabuk 1961:Ikhaa 1947:Wafaa 1915:Amaan 1875:Mecca 1873:form 1867:Hijri 1863:Jesus 1746:Ahrar 1612:Italy 1599:Haifa 1591:Cairo 1522:Islam 1456:Nāzir 1425:Vedas 1297:Kafir 1285:Ummah 1273:Kafir 1264:Ummah 1118:Egypt 1105:Quran 1037:India 845:Jamia 768:Kaaba 761:Hijaz 738:Jamia 721:Ansār 711:Lajna 579:(law) 536:Sirah 517:Quran 449:Jihad 444:Jesus 148:Islam 59:Title 3504:ISBN 3483:ISBN 3433:ISBN 3412:ISBN 3391:ISBN 3370:ISBN 3338:ISBN 3293:ISBN 3273:2020 3160:ISBN 3084:ISBN 3039:2014 2970:ISBN 2517:2011 2489:2016 2464:2016 2439:2016 2413:2016 2388:2016 2160:and 2145:and 2131:Rome 2129:and 2125:via 1986:Fath 1899:Sulh 1857:The 1793:and 1789:The 1777:The 1736:The 1616:Rome 1603:Akkā 1601:and 1581:and 1534:Agra 1504:The 1497:Amīr 1419:and 1411:and 1311:(or 1277:true 1248:Kufr 1126:Hajj 1120:and 1079:and 566:Fiqh 507:and 352:.org 333:Post 109:Died 80:Born 3741:III 3456:doi 2180:as 2110:Asr 2029:of 1877:to 1589:to 1156:Asr 743:MTA 685:III 348:www 3852:: 3746:IV 3736:II 3462:. 3452:48 3450:. 2993:^ 2892:^ 2704:^ 2689:^ 2638:^ 2597:^ 2497:^ 2480:. 2455:. 2429:. 2404:. 2374:. 2192:. 2141:, 1891:HS 1887:CE 1692:. 1622:. 1597:, 1548:, 1458:) 1107:, 985:. 965:, 961:: 690:IV 680:II 533:, 369:on 122:, 100:, 96:, 3751:V 3731:I 3563:e 3556:t 3549:v 3512:. 3491:. 3470:. 3458:: 3441:. 3420:. 3399:. 3378:. 3346:. 3275:. 3168:. 3092:. 3041:. 2978:. 2519:. 2491:. 2466:. 2441:. 2415:. 2390:. 1970:( 1495:ʾ 957:( 949:( 935:e 928:t 921:v 695:V 675:I 539:) 527:( 88:) 84:( 23:.

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