31:
20:
870:
writes that real problems and insecurities faced by young men—such as workplace injuries, cancer, and suicide—can be co-opted by organized online extremist groups. These groups present masculine strength, a lack of vulnerability, a lack of emotion, and other stereotypes of masculinity as solutions to
1018:
Writers at the
Institute for Research on Male Supremacism note that acts of misogynist mass violence can be placed on a continuum with intimate partner abuse, stalking, and other gender-based harassment and violence. They recommend addressing misogynist terrorism with the same approaches applied to
1157:
According to Alex DiBranco: "No misogynist killer articulated the terroristic intention behind his selected target more clearly than 22-year-old Elliot Rodger, who set out on his 'War on Women' to 'punish all females for the crime of depriving me of sex.' The autobiography he left behind—which has
783:
Misogynist terrorism often targets representatives or stand-ins for a type of person that the terrorist feels anger toward. For instance, some have been motivated by a perception of entitlement to sex with women of a type the perpetrator sees as attractive. These attacks, some arising from the
975:
Counter-terrorist response is complicated by cultural attitudes toward misogynist crimes in general. Such crimes tend to be viewed as a "private issue" rather than a proper political subject. Further, because incel attacks sometimes target both men and women indiscriminately, the gender-based
905:
Sexual entitlement, alone, has been a primary motivator for acts of terror. The ICCT has found that anti-feminist conspiracy theories are typically combined with other far-right ideologies in motivating terrorists; however, sexual entitlement may be a motivation that stands by itself.
954:
Misogyny need not mean hostility to women universally, or even very generally. Instead, misogynist terrorists often express a desire to target women of a particular type, either as revenge for perceived slights or because of a perceived connection between the targeted women and
871:
these problems, although, she writes, these stereotypes actually cause or exacerbate the problems they claim to solve. Bates says that this ideological grooming can lead to calls for mass violence against women and that when this occurs, it should be categorized as terrorism.
1399:
In both the U.S. and U.K., anti-terrorism strategies focus on far-right and
Islamic extremism but do not pick up a link to misogyny. In reports of terrorist attacks, misogynist ideology is often not mentioned, even when attackers like Rodger or Minassian explicitly state
914:
In some attacks or threats of terrorism, the perpetrator has described a desire to reinforce male superiority in a sexual hierarchy by preventing women from being recognized for their work or tolerated in leadership positions. For example, feminist video game critic
1792:
Wilkie, Stephen (January 12, 2021). "Edinburgh student jailed for ten years after terrorism trial; A student who was 'addicted' to reading about mass murders carried out by misogynist 'Incel' killers has been jailed for ten years for breaching terrorism laws".
890:, have described being motivated by a perception of entitlement to sex or companionship with women, a desire to seek vengeance for the perception of being rejected by women, and a drive to put women "in their place." For example, in the
846:
is recognized as the first documented mass killing explicitly motivated by antifeminist resentment. The shooter, who killed 14 women and injured 10, stated that his motivations were "political" and that he intended to "fight feminism."
1033:
build a helpful alternative culture for young men, as it has successfully for young women, which would give young men an alternative to misogynist online communities when seeking respite from mainstream culture's constraints.
877:
writes that, like other forms of violent extremism, misogynist extremism "promises the lost and despairing that they will have the respect and sense of purpose they have always longed for, if they only hate hard enough."
967:
Like other forms of terrorism, misogynist extremist violence is intended to make a political statement. However, political responses to this form of terrorism have been less proactive than the governmental response to
938:
Incel beliefs can include an abhorrence of men who are perceived as sexually successful with women. Male victims of misogynist violence have been targeted because of a desperation to assert superiority over these men.
951:, because often victims of these killings are treated as essentially interchangeable. Women are targeted merely because they fit a certain type rather than because they have any particular relationship to the killer.
894:, the perpetrator set out to "punish all females for the crime of depriving me of sex." Incel ideology has been a contributing factor to 90 fatalities and injuries since this attack, as of early 2020. Feminist writer
858:
Misogyny is common among mass killers, even among those who kill for other reasons. The following are specifically misogynist motivations that have been given as primary reasons for indiscriminate mass killings.
2005:
1982:
The shooting that left two women dead and wounded six others spotlights the growing concern posed by extremists with hatred toward women, according to a case study the U.S. Secret
Service released Tuesday.
1698:
805:
2062:
1485:
959:. However, the women targeted have no actual connection to a terrorist targeting indiscriminately; instead, they are viewed as representatives or stand-ins for the women he wishes to harm.
761:
gender expectations. Misogynist terrorism uses mass indiscriminate violence in an attempt to avenge nonconformity with those expectations or to reinforce the perceived superiority of men.
1667:
1454:
1938:
947:
As is typical of terrorism, these acts are intended to cause widespread fear. Any woman may reasonably be unsettled about the potential of being targeted, notes philosopher
1817:
1273:
839:. Both groups portray men as hyper-masculine warriors and women variously as passive caretakers, sources of sexual gratification, and "the enemy" who must be punished.
1995:
1386:
167:
804:, counter-terrorism experts were slow to recognize misogyny as an animating ideology for acts of mass violence in comparison to recognition of other ideologies. The
1003:, in which the perpetrator was associated with an incel group, is the first known instance of someone charged with terrorism on the basis of a misogynist ideology.
1516:
1690:
577:
1295:
820:
1586:
Tomkinson, Sian; Harper, Tauel; Attwell, Katie (May 7, 2020). "Confronting Incel: exploring possible policy responses to misogynistic violent extremism".
1226:
1423:
1355:
1969:
1477:
1634:
536:
919:
received threats of mass shooting and bombing unless a ceremony in which she was to be given an award were canceled. The ICCT argues that the
816:
1657:
935:
Valenti writes that some misogynist terrorists have been motivated by a desire to live up to the stereotype that "real men" are powerful.
1839:
1446:
662:
797:
241:
1316:
1878:
1538:
Vito, Christopher (October 23, 2017). "Masculinity, aggrieved entitlement, and violence: considering the Isla Vista mass shooting".
1023:
996:. This was the first terrorism-related sentence given to a male supremacist perpetrator motivated primarily by sexual entitlement.
1928:
1588:
667:
657:
1346:"The First Anti-Feminist Massacre: A Reckoning with Misogynist Terrorism on the 30th Anniversary of the Montreal Mass Shooting"
1101:
1075:
695:
632:
198:
1809:
1261:
812:(SPLC) have tracked misogyny or male supremacy as a motivation for terrorism since 2018, describing it as a "rising threat."
1378:
828:
622:
617:
499:
819:
considers misogynist violence among the fastest-growing terrorism threats of 2021. A guidebook for law enforcement by the
2121:
1300:
Understanding the Role of Gender in
Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization That Lead to Terrorism
733:
637:
627:
531:
1734:
2043:
1768:
612:
2092:
1911:
1508:
1310:
1202:
850:
Misogynist ideology is often not mentioned in reports of terrorist attacks, even when attackers explicitly state it.
587:
505:
1010:, was convicted and jailed for breaking terrorism laws by acquiring weapons in preparation for a misogynist attack.
2079:
652:
2126:
592:
1047:
843:
24:
1058:
646:
490:
2116:
2036:
Men Who Hate Women: From incels to pickup artists, the truth about extreme misogyny and how it affects us all
1761:
Men Who Hate Women: From incels to pickup artists, the truth about extreme misogyny and how it affects us all
1238:
1413:
1345:
275:
1961:
1000:
809:
386:
355:
284:
73:
1629:
1624:
700:
188:
173:
582:
1350:
1089:
602:
380:
371:
1729:
1063:
891:
836:
35:
2084:
1933:
1691:"Male supremacism and the Hanau terrorist attack: between online misogyny and far-right violence"
1194:
726:
558:
423:
300:
290:
63:
898:
argues that such incels should be viewed as misogynist terrorists and warns that they are being
1305:(Report). Vienna, Austria: Transnational Threats Department, OSCE Secretariat. pp. 47–49.
1138:
1095:
512:
468:
203:
152:
98:
1996:"Arizona Mass Shooter Who Live-Streamed Attack Was a Self-Described 'Incel' Targeting Couples"
1849:
1901:
1844:
989:
899:
305:
143:
118:
329:
123:
68:
1379:"Misogyny and 'Manosphere' Spreading To Playgrounds 'and Is a Terror Threat', Author Says"
1299:
8:
2111:
1870:
1478:"Laurie Penny on misogynist extremism: Let's call the Isla Vista killings what they were"
1269:
1007:
988:
guilty to a charge of attempted threat of terrorism for an attack he planned against the
705:
642:
418:
270:
246:
148:
133:
108:
103:
2061:
Baumgärtner, Maik; Höfner, Roman; Müller, Ann-Katrin; Rosenbach, Marcel (10 Mar 2021).
1605:
1557:
1418:
1081:
1053:
719:
361:
351:
315:
45:
2088:
2049:
2039:
1907:
1774:
1764:
1609:
1561:
1306:
1198:
1113:
1019:
these other problems, such as with domestic abuse perpetrator intervention programs.
969:
769:
690:
453:
433:
231:
163:
1294:
1597:
1549:
1447:"Misogynistic 'radicalisation' of boys online has these experts calling for change"
924:
916:
765:
448:
310:
1658:"Anita Sarkeesian interview: 'The word "troll" feels too childish. This is abuse'"
1601:
1553:
1540:
1026:
of incel ideology, as has been done for other ideologies that animate terrorism.
920:
895:
567:
478:
458:
236:
158:
1929:"Texas Man Accused of Shooting Female Drivers, Believes They Are 'Incompetent'"
495:
413:
346:
280:
178:
113:
2053:
1778:
2105:
1900:
Bader, Christopher D.; Baker, Joseph O.; Gordon, Ann; Day, L. Edward (2020).
1840:"Man Charged in Library Shooting Testfies He Wanted To Shoot Women | AP News"
1724:
473:
208:
1662:
874:
824:
483:
408:
788:
subculture, have targeted both women and men seen as sexually successful.
753:
that is motivated by the desire to punish women. It is an extreme form of
2031:
993:
867:
806:
National
Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism
758:
396:
391:
295:
2074:
2000:
1186:
1128:
1118:
1069:
948:
443:
438:
401:
30:
1234:
801:
750:
53:
1808:
Kelly, Megan; DiBranco, Alex; DeCook, Julia R. (February 18, 2021).
1689:
Jasser, Greta; Kelly, Megan; Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin (20 May 2020).
1158:
been taken as a manifesto for the incel ideology—spells this out.".
1030:
956:
754:
376:
86:
19:
1133:
428:
366:
2060:
463:
862:
1123:
976:
motivation of these attacks has been difficult to recognize.
887:
832:
785:
2063:"Hatred Against Women: The Dark World of Extremist Misogyny"
1962:"Secret Service study of yoga class shooting shows misogyny"
1412:
Bosman, Julie; Taylor, Kate; Arango, Tim (August 10, 2019).
1903:
985:
1695:
927:, despite the perpetrator sharing some beliefs of incels.
772:
organizations as an emerging terrorist threat. The terms
1871:"Virgin teenager Ben Moynihan: Guilty of stabbing women"
1414:"A Common Trait Among Mass Killers: Hatred Toward Women"
1585:
1688:
1541:
NORMA: International
Journal for Masculinity Studies
1296:
Organization for
Security and Co-operation in Europe
821:
Organization for
Security and Co-operation in Europe
1899:
1807:
1086:
2018 systematic shooting of female drivers in Texas
1718:
1716:
1411:
881:
1102:Glendale Westgate Entertainment District shooting
16:Terrorism motivated by the desire to punish women
2103:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1444:
1713:
1445:Kelsey-Sugg, Anna; Zajac, Bec (April 2, 2021).
1227:"Male Supremacist Terrorism as a Rising Threat"
831:and by western misogynist extremists among the
1816:. Institute for Research on Male Supremacism.
1500:
1339:
1337:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1568:
886:Mass murderers, in some cases identifying as
817:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
727:
1754:
1752:
823:notes that strict and systematic control of
1334:
1262:"Terrorist attack anticipated in next year"
1211:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
863:Problems which men face in the modern world
1231:International Centre for Counter-Terrorism
798:International Centre for Counter-Terrorism
780:are also used for these acts of violence.
734:
720:
1749:
1810:"Misogynist Incels and Male Supremacism"
1343:
1224:
1172:
1022:Australian researchers have recommended
768:ideology has been listed and tracked by
189:Special-interest / Single-issue
29:
18:
1941:from the original on September 25, 2020
1926:
1722:
1655:
1589:Australian Journal of Political Science
1506:
1453:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
1376:
757:—the policing of women's compliance to
34:A memorial held for the victims of the
2104:
1791:
1737:from the original on February 13, 2023
1622:
1076:2015 Umpqua Community College shooting
1043:1984 Cleveland Public Library shooting
827:is used as a recruitment tool both by
537:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
23:A plaque memorializing victims of the
2073:
2030:
1927:Aggeler, Madeline (August 27, 2018).
1881:from the original on December 6, 2020
1758:
1475:
1185:
923:should be understood as motivated by
1993:
1959:
1670:from the original on August 29, 2015
1656:Valenti, Jessica (August 29, 2015).
1537:
1509:"When Misogynists Become Terrorists"
1225:DiBranco, Alex (February 10, 2020).
1037:
1972:from the original on March 29, 2022
1820:from the original on March 19, 2021
1625:"What We Already Know About Incels"
1507:Valenti, Jessica (April 26, 2018).
1389:from the original on March 23, 2021
1344:DiBranco, Alex (December 6, 2019).
1259:
909:
13:
2024:
2008:from the original on July 25, 2020
1723:Valenti, Jessica (July 29, 2018).
1637:from the original on June 17, 2021
1519:from the original on July 23, 2020
1457:from the original on June 18, 2021
1426:from the original on July 27, 2020
1377:Drewett, Zoe (December 17, 2020).
1358:from the original on July 28, 2021
930:
14:
2138:
1701:from the original on 1 April 2021
1488:from the original on July 1, 2020
1354:. Political Research Associates.
1276:from the original on May 14, 2021
2080:Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny
1960:Long, Colleen (March 15, 2022).
1322:from the original on May 1, 2021
1191:Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny
1029:Jessica Valenti recommends that
1987:
1953:
1920:
1893:
1877:. Hampshire. January 20, 2015.
1863:
1832:
1801:
1785:
1682:
1649:
1623:Safier, Chole (July 12, 2018).
1616:
1531:
1151:
979:
942:
882:Sexual and romantic entitlement
1476:Penny, Laurie (May 25, 2014).
1469:
1438:
1405:
1370:
1288:
1260:Rae, Marion (April 29, 2021).
1253:
1059:2009 Collier Township shooting
972:and other forms of terrorism.
853:
791:
1:
1906:. NYU Press. pp. 78–79.
1725:"How feminists can help boys"
1602:10.1080/10361146.2020.1747393
1554:10.1080/18902138.2017.1390658
1165:
1013:
1994:Dowd, Trone (May 22, 2020).
1848:. 2023-05-12. Archived from
1048:École Polytechnique massacre
962:
844:École Polytechnique massacre
25:École Polytechnique massacre
7:
2038:. Simon & Schuster UK.
1763:. Simon & Schuster UK.
1107:
1001:2020 Toronto machete attack
810:Southern Poverty Law Center
532:Designated terrorist groups
10:
2143:
2122:Special-interest terrorism
1006:In January 2021, a man in
774:male supremacist terrorism
764:Since 2018, misogynist or
701:Anti-terrorism legislation
1090:2018 Tallahassee shooting
696:International conventions
603:State-sponsored terrorism
1730:The Santa Fe New Mexican
1144:
1064:2014 Isla Vista killings
559:Violent non-state actors
36:2014 Isla Vista killings
2085:Oxford University Press
1195:Oxford University Press
301:Clandestine cell system
2127:Violence against women
1795:Edinburgh Evening News
1139:Violence against women
1096:Toronto machete attack
921:Hanau terrorist attack
892:2014 Isla Vista attack
837:men's rights movements
778:misogynistic extremism
469:Propaganda of the deed
38:
27:
1845:Associated Press News
1759:Bates, Laura (2020).
685:Response to terrorism
306:Leaderless resistance
33:
22:
2117:Misogynist terrorism
2083:. Ithaca, New York:
1193:. Ithaca, New York:
747:Misogynist terrorism
124:Right-wing/Far-right
1270:Canberra, Australia
1008:Edinburgh, Scotland
984:Christopher Cleary
706:Terrorism insurance
507:Rockets and mortars
247:Resistance movement
2087:. pp. 36–54.
1513:The New York Times
1451:ABC Radio National
1419:The New York Times
1197:. pp. 36–54.
1082:Toronto van attack
990:2019 Women's March
900:radicalized online
352:Aircraft hijacking
109:Left-wing/Far-left
39:
28:
1241:on April 20, 2020
1114:Domestic violence
1038:List of incidents
970:Islamic terrorism
796:According to the
770:counter-terrorist
744:
743:
691:Counter-terrorism
676:
675:
434:Individual terror
255:
254:
232:Violent extremism
2134:
2098:
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1304:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1266:Western Advocate
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1237:. Archived from
1222:
1209:
1208:
1183:
1159:
1155:
925:male supremacism
917:Anita Sarkeesian
910:Male supremacism
808:(START) and the
766:male supremacist
736:
729:
722:
553:
552:
526:Terrorist groups
508:
242:Militia movement
209:Green/Ecological
114:Narcotics-driven
92:
91:
41:
40:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2136:
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2095:
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2025:Further reading
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1205:
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1173:
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1156:
1152:
1147:
1110:
1054:Luby's shooting
1040:
1016:
982:
965:
945:
933:
931:Proving manhood
912:
896:Jessica Valenti
884:
865:
856:
794:
740:
711:
710:
686:
678:
677:
672:
597:
568:State terrorism
550:
542:
541:
527:
519:
518:
517:
513:Vehicle-ramming
506:
341:
339:
322:
321:
320:
265:
257:
256:
251:
237:Ethnic violence
218:
183:
128:
89:
78:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2140:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2100:
2099:
2093:
2071:
2058:
2045:978-1728236247
2044:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2019:
1986:
1952:
1919:
1912:
1892:
1862:
1831:
1800:
1784:
1770:978-1728236247
1769:
1748:
1712:
1681:
1648:
1615:
1596:(2): 152–169.
1567:
1530:
1499:
1468:
1437:
1404:
1369:
1351:The Public Eye
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1024:securitisation
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978:
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2010:. Retrieved
1999:
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1974:. Retrieved
1965:
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1943:. Retrieved
1932:
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1883:. Retrieved
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1850:the original
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1663:The Guardian
1661:
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1298:(May 2019).
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1239:the original
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980:Prosecutions
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825:gender roles
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653:Saudi Arabia
647:Soviet Union
583:Soviet Union
409:Bioterrorism
372:Animal-borne
213:
2075:Manne, Kate
2067:Der Spiegel
1885:November 1,
1814:New America
1630:New America
1187:Manne, Kate
994:Provo, Utah
868:Laura Bates
854:Motivations
792:Recognition
759:patriarchal
296:Death squad
199:Suffragette
119:Nationalist
64:Definitions
2112:Chauvinism
2106:Categories
2054:1125958377
1966:Yahoo News
1856:2023-07-02
1779:1125958377
1166:References
1129:Manosphere
1119:Boko Haram
1070:Portsmouth
1068:2014–2015
1014:Mitigation
949:Kate Manne
829:ISIL/Daesh
800:(ICCT) at
593:Uzbekistan
578:Kazakhstan
444:Kidnapping
439:Insurgency
387:Improvised
214:Misogynist
1976:March 29,
1945:August 8,
1824:March 20,
1741:August 8,
1674:August 7,
1641:August 8,
1610:218933914
1562:149302916
1393:March 23,
1235:The Hague
992:rally in
963:Responses
842:The 1989
802:the Hague
751:terrorism
668:Venezuela
549:Adherents
449:Lone wolf
362:Beheading
311:Lone wolf
271:Financing
264:Structure
149:Christian
134:Religious
104:Communist
99:Anarchist
74:Incidents
54:Terrorism
2077:(2019).
2034:(2020).
2012:July 23,
2006:Archived
1970:Archived
1939:Archived
1879:Archived
1818:Archived
1735:Archived
1699:Archived
1668:Archived
1635:Archived
1523:July 22,
1517:Archived
1492:April 6,
1486:Archived
1461:April 5,
1455:Archived
1430:July 23,
1424:Archived
1387:Archived
1383:Newsweek
1362:July 28,
1356:Archived
1317:Archived
1274:Archived
1245:July 23,
1189:(2019).
1108:See also
1031:feminism
957:feminism
755:misogyny
633:Pakistan
491:Stabbing
474:Shooting
316:Domestic
276:Fronting
144:Buddhist
87:ideology
46:a series
44:Part of
1934:The Cut
1326:May 14,
1280:May 14,
1134:Taliban
498: (
454:Nuclear
419:Dry run
379: (
367:Bombing
354: (
336:Tactics
333:Methods
164:Islamic
69:History
2091:
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2042:
1910:
1777:
1767:
1705:14 May
1608:
1560:
1309:
1201:
888:incels
643:Russia
623:Kuwait
618:Israel
479:School
464:Piracy
397:Threat
392:Letter
285:online
174:Jewish
153:Mormon
1606:S2CID
1558:S2CID
1320:(PDF)
1303:(PDF)
1145:Notes
1124:Incel
1100:2020
1094:2020
1080:2018
1052:1991
1046:1989
833:incel
786:incel
658:Syria
638:Qatar
628:Libya
484:Spree
459:Paper
402:Proxy
159:Hindu
2089:ISBN
2050:OCLC
2040:ISBN
2014:2020
2001:Vice
1978:2022
1947:2020
1908:ISBN
1887:2020
1826:2021
1775:OCLC
1765:ISBN
1743:2020
1707:2021
1676:2020
1643:2020
1525:2020
1494:2021
1463:2021
1432:2020
1395:2021
1364:2021
1328:2021
1307:ISBN
1282:2021
1247:2020
1199:ISBN
999:The
986:pled
835:and
815:The
776:and
613:Iran
500:list
381:list
356:list
179:Sikh
1875:BBC
1598:doi
1550:doi
1400:it.
749:is
377:Car
85:By
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