Paris Foreign Missions Society

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an alliance between France and Korea to repel the Russian advances, suggesting further that this alliance could be negotiated through Bishop Berneux. The Heungseon Daewongun seemed open to this idea, though it is uncertain whether this was ruse to bring the head of the Korean Catholic Church out into the open. Berneux was summoned to the capital, but upon his arrival in February 1866, he was seized and executed. A roundup then began of the other French Catholic priests and native converts.

2141: 801: 2085: 2113: 1833: 2826: 2007: 2155: 2890: 2170: 1972: 2127: 1571: 1849: 472: 1453:. His stated mission was to stop the persecution of Catholic missionaries in the country and assure the unimpeded propagation of the faith. Rigault de Genouilly, with 14 French gunships, 3,000 men and 300 Filipino troops provided by the Spanish, attacked the port of Da Nang in 1858, causing significant damage, and occupying the city. After a few months, Rigault had to leave due to problems with supplies and illnesses among many of his troops. Sailing south, De Genouilly 2914: 1204: 2099: 2767: 813: 7281: 649: 1465: 1212: 461: 3069: 8681: 7270: 5198: 245: 1861: 793: 724: 1677: 397: 257: 2958:, scarcely touched by the first golden glow from the East; one might say that the old world was ending, and the new beginning. I behold the light of a dawn whose sunrise I shall never see. It only remains for me to sit down at the edge of my grave; then I shall descend boldly, crucifix in hand, into eternity." 3437:, p.37. Original French "Voici la principale raison qui a déterminé la Sacrée Congrégation à vous envoyer revêtus de l'épiscopat dans ces régions. C'est que vous preniez en main, par tous les moyens et méthodes possibles, l'éducation de jeunes gens, de façon à les rendre capable de recevoir le sacerdoce." 1611:

In the mid-19th century that the first western Catholic missionaries began to enter Korea. This was done by stealth, either via the Korean border with Manchuria or the Yellow Sea. These French missionaries of the Paris Foreign Missions Society arrived in Korea in the 1840s to proselytize to a growing

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Quote: "Two years later, in 1847, Lefebvre was again captured when he returned to Vietnam. This time Cecille sent captain Lapierre to Da Nang. Whether Lapierre was aware or not that Lefebvre had already been freed and on his way back to Singapore, the French first dismantled masts of some Vietnamese

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Another, much larger, exhibition is located on the ground floor of the main building of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. Established as a temporary exhibition in 2007–2008, it remains in place but is now closed to the general public. It is only opened for visits once a year during the free-access

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The Society itself ("Assemblée des Missions") was formally established by the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement in 1658. The object of the new society was and is still the evangelization of non-Christian countries, by founding churches and raising up a native clergy under the jurisdiction of the bishops.

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Missions, p.5. Original French: "Ne mettez aucun zèle, n'avancez aucun argument pour convaincre ces peuples de changer leurs rites, leurs coutumes et leur moeurs, à moins qu'ils ne soient évidemment contraires à la religion et à la morale. Quoi de plus absurde que de transporter chez les Chinois la

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In January, 1866 Russian ships appeared on the east coast of Korea demanding trading and residency rights in what seemed an echo of the demands made on China by other western powers. Native Korean Christians, with connections at court, saw in this an opportunity to advance their cause and suggested

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halted the growth of the society, which had previously been very rapid. At that time it had six bishops, a score of missionaries, assisted by 135 native priests; in the various missions there were nine seminaries with 250 students, and 300,000 Christians. Each year the number of baptisms rose on an

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at the Paris Foreign Missions Society headquarters located Rue du Bac houses a permanent display called "Salle des Martyrs" ("Room of the Martyrs"). Numerous artifacts are on display, mainly remains and relics of martyred members of the missions, depictions of various martyrdoms endured during the

1652:, asking them to surrender to the Korean authorities as well. They were taken before an interrogator and questioned for three days to reveal the names and whereabouts of their converts. As torture failed to break them down, they were sent to another prison and beheaded on 21 September 1839 at 3447:

france, l'Espagne, l'Italie, ou quelque autre pays d'Europe? N'introduisez pas chez eux nos pays, mais la foi, cette foi qui ne repousse ni ne blesse les rites, ni les usages d'aucun peuple, pourvu qu'ils ne soient pas détestables, mais bien au contraire veut qu'on les garde et les protège."

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and Captain Charner,. The action also was related to the British successes in China in 1842, and France hoped to be able to establish trade with China from the south. The pretext was to support British efforts in China, and to fight the persecution of French missionaries in Vietnam.

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after 24 months overland, and Cotolendi died upon arrival in India on 6 August 1662. Siam thus became the first country to receive the evangelization efforts of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, to be followed by new missions years later in Cochinchina, Tonkin and parts of China.

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in the various countries of Asia. Also, historical archives and graphic material are available, regarding the details of the missions. The Salle des Martyrs can be visited for free from Tuesday to Saturday, from 11:00 to 18:30, and on Sundays from 13:00 to 18:00.

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and by the priests whom the vicars Apostolic had appointed their agents. This house, whose directors were to form young priests to the apostolic life and transmit to the bishops the offerings made by charity, was, and still is situated in Paris in the Rue du Bac.

314:, since they were highly vulnerable in case of persecutions. They did not seem able to develop local clergy, who would be less vulnerable to state persecution. Sending bishops to develop a strong local clergy seemed to be the solution to achieve future expansion: 667:, was built in the Netherlands by the shipowner Fermanel, but the ship foundered soon after being launched. At the same time, the establishment of a trading company and the perceived threat of French missionary efforts to Asia was met with huge opposition by the 1360:, prohibited foreign missionaries in Vietnam, on the grounds that they perverted the people. The prohibition proved largely ineffective, as missionaries continued their activities in Vietnam, and participated in armed rebellions against Minh Mạng, as in the 1058:

In the second half of the 18th century, the society was charged with the missions which the Jesuits had possessed in India prior to suppression of the order in Portugal. Many of the Jesuits remained in Asia. The missions took on a new life, especially in

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in 1660. In spite of these events, the King, the Assembly of the French Clergy, the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement and private donors accepted to finance the effort, and the three bishop managed to depart, although they now had to travel on land.

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in 1864. By the time the Heungseon Daewongun assumed de facto control of the government in 1864 there were twelve French Paris Foreign Missions Society priests living and preaching in Korea and an estimated 23,000 native Korean converts.

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The second cause was persecution. Fifteen missionaries died in prison or were beheaded during the 17th and 18th centuries and the beginning of the 19th century; but after that those killed among the missionaries were very numerous. (See

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from around 1620 and nearly two century of strictly enforced seclusion thereafter, various contacts occurred from the middle of the 19th century as France was trying to expand its influence in Asia. After the signature of the

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was established, which could educate Asian candidate priests from all the countries of the Southeast Asian peninsula. A cathedral was also constructed. The college remained in Siam for a century, until the conquest of Siam by

1875:, who was preaching illegally in China, was imprisoned, tortured and killed by Chinese authorities in 1856. This event, named the "Father Chapdelaine Incident" became the pretext for the French military intervention in the 191:

of Spain or Portugal. In the 350 years since its foundation, the institution has sent more than 4,200 missionary priests to Asia and North America. Their mission is to adapt to local customs and languages, develop a native

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signed a decree reinstating the Paris Foreign Missions Society. In 1809 however, following a conflict with the Pope, Napoleon cancelled his decision. The Missions would be firmly re-established through a decree by

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Due to the strong opposition of Portugal and the death of Pope Innocent X the project was stalled for several years however, until the candidates to the missions decided to go by themselves to Rome in June 1657.

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on April 28, 1844. Trade was denied, but Father Forcade of the Paris Foreign Missions Society was left behind with a Chinese translator, named Auguste Ko. Forcade and Ko remained in the Temple of Amiku, city of

1422:(imprisoned for a second time as he had re-entered Vietnam illegally) and Duclos, and freedom of worship for Catholics in Vietnam. As negotiations drew on without results, on April 15, 1847, a fight named the 2954:"As I write these last words, my window, which looks west over the gardens of the Foreign Mission, is open: it is six in the morning; I can see the pale and swollen moon; it is sinking over the spire of the 613:

etc...), receiving long-disappeared bishopric titles from areas that had been lost, in order not to compromise contemporary bishopric titles and avoid conflicts with the bishoprics established through the

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during the 17th and 18th centuries. (When the first missionaries of the Paris Foreign Missions Society were sent to the Far East, the Portuguese missionaries were ordered to capture them and send them to

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Titular Bishop of Capsa and crossed secretly from Manchuria to Korea the same year. On 10 August 1839, Bishop Imbert, who was secretly going about his missionary work, was betrayed. He was taken to

984:. Siam was known to be highly tolerant of other religions and was the only country in Southeast Asia where the Catholic fathers could establish a base safely. With the agreement of the Siamese king 9746: 330:, by its own movement, give pastors to these Oriental regions where Christians multiply in a marvellous way, lest, without bishops, these men die without sacrament and manifestly risk damnation." 1271:

In the 19th century, the local persecutions of missionary priests of the Paris Foreign Missions Society was often a pretext for French military intervention in Asia, based on the doctrine of the

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p.273 by Kenneth Scott Latourette: "A casus belli was found in an unfortunate incident which had occurred before the Arrow affair, the judicial murder of a French priest, Auguste Chapdelaine"

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in Seoul on the banks of the Han River. In late June 1866 one of the three surviving French missionaries, Felix-Claire Ridel, managed to escape via a fishing vessel and make his way to

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of the society was involved in these events. He was imprisoned by the government for two years, with half of the members of the Seminar, until he was allowed to resume his activities.

5957: 5794: 1364:(1833–1835). He banned Catholicism completely, as well as French and Vietnamese priests (1833–1836), leading to persecutions of French missionaries. These included the martyrdom of 10388: 9454: 4974: 1548: 1135:). Pigneau de Behaine assisted Nguyễn Phúc Ánh in obtaining the support of several French soldiers and officers, modernizing his army, and ultimately gaining victory over the 773:. What would be more absurd than to bring France, Spain, Italy or any other European country to the Chinese? Do not bring to them our countries, but instead bring to them the 3724:

by Paul Kwang Tsien Sih p.105: "The two incidents that eventually caused a war were the Arrow incident and the murder of the French Catholic priest, Abbe Auguste Chapdelaine"

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Forcade and Ko were picked up to be used as translators in Japan, and Leturdu was left in Tomari, soon joined by Mathieu Adnet. On July 24, 1846, Admiral Cécille arrived in

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As a result of the Korean dragnet all but three of the French missionaries were captured and executed: among them were Siméon Berneux, Antoine Daveluy, Just de Bretenières,

1535: 3522:, p.135. Article No1 of the decree: "Les établissements des Missions, connus sous la dénomination des Missions étrangères, et le séminaire du Saint-Esprit sont rétablis". 1649: 757:

Instructions were also given to the effect that respecting the habits of the countries to be evangelized was paramount, a guiding principle of the missions ever since:

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In the 19th century, local persecutions of missionary priests of the Paris Foreign Missions Society were often a pretext for French military intervention in Asia. In

10099: 9248: 5549: 4863: 1290:. A voyage could be made safely in one month which formerly required eight to ten months amid many dangers. In Vietnam, the persecutions of numerous priests such as 291:, meaning that it was becoming less capable of evangelizing new territories. In territories that it used to control, Portugal had seen some disasters; for instance, 183:

The Society of Foreign Missions of Paris was established 1658–63. In 1659, instructions for establishment of the Paris Foreign Missions Society were given by Rome's

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Another cause of the progress of the missionaries was the ease and frequency of communication in consequence of the invention of steam and the opening of the

923:", the establishment of rules among catechists, and the ordination of thirty native priests. Between 1660 and 1700 about 100 missionaries were sent to Asia. 2925:

The park of the Paris Foreign Missions Society is the largest private garden in Paris. It houses various significant artifacts, such as a Chinese bell from

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had obtained an agreement with the islands on July 11, 1854, following his treaty with Japan. France sent an embassy under Rear-Admiral Cécille onboard

1224:). Altogether, about 200 MEP missionaries died of violent death. Among them 23 were beatified, of whom 20 were canonized, with an additional 3 in 2000. 4514: 3994: 2276:

of Japan. Cécille offered the kingdom French protection against British expansionism, but in vain, and only obtained that two missionaries could stay.

1722:, China in early July 1866. Fortuitously in Tianjin at the time of Ridel's arrival was the commander of the French Far Eastern Squadron, Rear Admiral 1200:, each mission had its general needs and works allowance, which varied according to its importance, and could amount to from 10,000 to 30,000 francs. 8718: 6449: 4889: 1806: 1762: 848: 17: 2857: 5235: 4964: 2314: 1756: 915:), the evangelization of Tonkin, Cochinchina, Cambodia, and Siam, where more than 40,000 Christians were baptized, the creation of an institute of 6770: 1275:. These persecutions were described in Europe by books, pamphlets, annals, and journals, inspiring numerous young men either with the desire for 187:. This marked the creation of a missionary institution that, for the first time, did not depend on the control of the traditional missionary and 9464: 9211: 1192:

Several causes contributed to the rapid growth of the society in the 19th century; chiefly the charity of the Propagation of the Faith and the

352: 2240:, under strict surveillance, only able to learn the Japanese language from monks. After a period of one year, on May 1, 1846, the French ship 1952: 9023: 7335: 7162: 6949: 5952: 5289: 4274: 4001: 3710:

by Zhufeng Luo, Chu-feng Lo, Luo Zhufeng p.42: "France started the second Opium War under the pretext of the "Father Chapdelaine Incident."

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on 6 May 1984. An untold number of Korean Catholics also met their end (estimations run around 10,000), many being executed a place called

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The Society was officially recognized in 1664. The creation of the Paris Foreign Missions Society coincided with the establishment of the

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Another wing, perpendicular to the 1732 one, was added in the 19th century to accommodate the great increase in members of the Seminary.

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system, due to its limited means, strong involvement with politics, and dependence on the kings of Spain and Portugal for any decision.

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Extract from the 1659 Instructions, given to Pallu and Lambert de la Motte by the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith.

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Extract from the 1659 Instructions, given to Pallu and Lambert de la Motte by the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith.

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The missionary work also had political effects: through their initiative a more active trade was established among Indo-China, the

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Béthanie and Nazareth: French Secrets from a British Colony. Alain Le Pichon. Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts. 15 Dec 2006.

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and bishops as missionaries. Alexandre de Rhodes received in Paris in 1653 a strong financial and organizational support from the

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The seminary was established so that the society might recruit members and administer its property, through the actions of the

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ships. Later on April 14, 1847, in only one hour, the French sank the last five bronze-plated vessels in the bay of Da Nang.

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or that of evangelization. They played a part in inspiring European nations, especially France and England, to intervene in

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in 1852, prompting the Paris Foreign Missions Society to ask the French government for a diplomatic intervention. In 1858,

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erupted between the French fleet and Vietnamese ships, three of which were sunk as a result. The French fleet sailed away.

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to France as one of the first Chinese men there. He established the basis for the study of the Chinese language in France.

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of the Paris Foreign Missions Society (on the right, forefront) was closely involved in the contacts with the Siamese king

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and the list of canonized members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. The park can be visited every Saturday at 15:30.

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mountains, and a third in France. In Hong Kong there were also a house of spiritual retreat and a printing establishment (

2006: 843:) in 1638, offered the deserted buildings of his own Seminary for Missions to Persia, which he had created in 1644 at 128 659:

In order to dispatch the three missionaries to Asia, the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement established a trading company (the "

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From a territorial standpoint also, Portugal had been losing ground against the new colonial powers of England and the

3577: 3349: 2819:"Journée des Musées Nationaux", although there seem to be plans to make it a permanent exhibition in the near future. 1372:

in 1838. These events served in France to stoke a desire among young men to intervene and protect the Catholic faith.

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where he was tortured to reveal the whereabouts of foreign missionaries. He wrote a note to his fellow missionaries,

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was nominated as the first director of the seminary, and officially became superior of the seminary on 11 June 1664.

360:, who would report directly to Rome in their missionary efforts, and would be responsible to create a native clergy. 9963: 9862: 9321: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8704: 8348: 7235: 6783: 6536: 6481: 6346: 6081: 6077: 5822: 5607: 5554: 4989: 4469: 4359: 2056: 10048: 9778: 9517: 9474: 9357: 9347: 9157: 9120: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8759: 8373: 7636: 7354: 7244: 6586: 6561: 6526: 6521: 6486: 6366: 5965: 5849: 5439: 5402: 5285: 5265: 5221: 4484: 4408: 4028: 4006: 2430: 2042: 10362: 10330: 10157: 10076: 9507: 9277: 9193: 9084: 8298: 7349: 7182: 6894: 6581: 6551: 6531: 6471: 6261: 5977: 5515: 5507: 5419: 5280: 5260: 4723: 4342: 3989: 3981: 3969: 3013: 2978: 2944:

lived in an apartment 120 Rue du Bac, with a view on the park, a fact he mentions in the last paragraph of his

1710:, Pierre Aumaître, Luc Martin Huin, all of them members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society and canonized by 1458: 482:

On 29 July 1658, the two chief founders of the Paris Foreign Missions Society were appointed as bishops in the

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Korean flock that had in fact independently introduced Catholicism into Korea but needed ordained ministers.

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by Great Britain in 1842, both France and the United States tried to increase their efforts in the Orient.

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missionaries by ship, and the Dutch and the English refused to take Catholic missionaries. Lambert left

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The three bishops chosen for Asia left France (1660–62) to go to their respective missions, and crossed

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complained in early 1847 about the presence of the French missionaries, who had to be removed in 1848.

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Today, the Paris Foreign Missions Society remains an active institution in the evangelization of Asia.

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in 1663. In 1691 the chapel was established, and in 1732 the new, larger, building was completed.

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Ten martyrs of the M.E.P. were canonized by John-Paul II, 6 May 1984, as part of 103 canonized

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France would have no further contacts with Okinawa for the next 7 years, until news came that

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Petitjean, of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, first effective Vicar Apostolic of Japan.

1656:. Their bodies remained exposed for several days but were finally buried on Noku Mountain. 1394:, upheld the anti-Catholic policy of his predecessor. In 1843, the French Foreign Minister 769:, their customs or their usages, except if they are evidently contrary to the religion and 298:

Finally, Catholic officials had doubts about the efficacy of religious orders, such as the

8620: 8152: 3822: 1418:(Tourane) in Vietnam to obtain the release of two imprisoned French missionaries, Bishop 1036:. France came close to ruling an Indo-Chinese empire, though it failed following the 1688 1004:, and France; embassies were sent from place to place; and treaties were signed. In 1681, 619: 8: 10297: 10278: 10018: 10013: 9940: 9658: 9633: 9512: 9492: 9439: 9340: 9238: 9135: 9103: 9047: 8610: 8574: 8544: 8308: 8212: 8052: 8013: 7993: 7921: 7807: 7616: 7459: 7446: 7435: 7172: 7074: 6867: 6851: 6371: 6281: 5732: 5676: 5624: 5525: 5487: 5190: 4914: 4904: 4853: 4711: 4697: 4557: 4299: 4062: 2359: 2216: 1993: 1921: 1872: 1865: 1727: 1723: 1523: 1504: 1469: 1450: 920: 824: 804:

The Paris Foreign Missions Society in 1739 with its park (detail of 1739 map of Paris by

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By 1820, the territory of the Missions, which included India since the prohition of the

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1864 departures of MEP missionaries. The four on the left would become martyrs in Korea.

1013: 408:

The creation of the Paris Foreign Missions Society was initiated when the Jesuit priest

10245: 9995: 9925: 9842: 9830: 9807: 9603: 9377: 9218: 9162: 9152: 8954: 8738: 8685: 8625: 8237: 8177: 8147: 8062: 8057: 7926: 7822: 7719: 7699: 7659: 7601: 7566: 7561: 7405: 7192: 7009: 5867: 5859: 5602: 5303: 5270: 5202: 4979: 4748: 4672: 4640: 4459: 4428: 4265: 4253: 4114: 4052: 3348:

Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society By Anne Goldgar, Robert I. p.25 Note 77

2909:

by Charles Rigault de Genouilly, now in the park of the Paris Foreign Missions Society.

2848: 2659: 2288: 2232: 2220: 1787: 1529: 1481: 1438: 1434: 1327: 1295: 1124: 1098: 867: 660: 513: 428:

for the establishment of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. Alexander de Rhodes found

9316: 8419: 8077: 7978: 4768: 3389:

Gods, Heroes, and Ancestors: An Interreligious Encounter in Eighteenth-Century Vietnam

2257: 1683:

of the Paris Foreign Missions Society was tortured and then beheaded on March 7, 1866.

1395: 953: 949:

in 1686, was a result of the missionary efforts of the Paris Foreign Missions Society.

264:

The traditional colonial powers of Spain and Portugal had initially received from the

44: 10170: 10089: 10084: 10038: 9978: 9847: 9643: 9028: 8949: 8887: 8615: 8600: 8489: 8353: 8293: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8138: 8107: 8087: 7973: 7931: 7911: 7827: 7787: 7762: 7651: 7621: 7571: 7556: 7152: 6388: 5713: 5593: 5360: 5316: 5148: 5053: 4828: 4814: 4788: 4773: 4677: 4662: 4592: 4582: 4451: 4383: 4284: 4248: 4144: 3891: 3878: 3865: 3802: 3794: 3766: 3392: 2329:

The following table shows the state of the missions at the turn of the 20th century:

2318: 2306:

in order to obtain similar advantages. A convention was signed on November 24, 1855.

2209: 1742: 1711: 1454: 1391: 1238: 1148: 981: 916: 711: 10033: 8434: 8343: 8172: 8162: 3548: 2227:

since 1609. In 1844, a French naval expedition under Captain Fornier-Duplan onboard

1607:

of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, Saint, martyred in Korea (21 September 1839).

1430: 464: 433: 9930: 9870: 9258: 9243: 8944: 8924: 8919: 8902: 8882: 8524: 8519: 8444: 8429: 8409: 8197: 8122: 7983: 7867: 7852: 7832: 7777: 7757: 7744: 7689: 7581: 7413: 7014: 6788: 6750: 6708: 6636: 6631: 6598: 6405: 6338: 6301: 6296: 6276: 6271: 6196: 6049: 6039: 5999: 5530: 5348: 5331: 5038: 4843: 4823: 4743: 4728: 4627: 4529: 4403: 4243: 4201: 4196: 4176: 4159: 4072: 3782: 2299: 2261: 1887: 1876: 1827: 1307: 1245: 1051:, Bishop of Rosalie, and missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, brought 890: 684: 683:, leading to the issuing of an interdiction of the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement by 652: 529: 441: 222: 165: 8640: 8529: 8268: 8067: 6254: 731:

The mission had the objective of adapting to local customs, establishing a native

540:), for Lambert de la Motte, Cochinchina and five provinces of southeastern China ( 10303: 10205: 10143: 9885: 9836: 9382: 9037: 8650: 8539: 8474: 8464: 8388: 8283: 8278: 8182: 8157: 7988: 7968: 7941: 7936: 7906: 7847: 7591: 7418: 7249: 7132: 6989: 6954: 6760: 6755: 6680: 6675: 6616: 6541: 6291: 6221: 5753: 5694: 5244: 5096: 5063: 5007: 5001: 4858: 4763: 4667: 4479: 3973: 3938: 3921: 3696: 3554: 3544: 2273: 2237: 1895: 1625: 1498: 1485: 1365: 1345: 1048: 1017: 904: 491: 417: 339: 299: 154: 131: 8082: 1691: 735:, and keeping close contacts with Rome. In 1659, instructions were given by the 412:, back from Vietnam and asking for the dispatch of numerous missionaries to the 10307: 10293: 10268: 10263: 10054: 10028: 9958: 9773: 9675: 9670: 9653: 9593: 9487: 9434: 9263: 9183: 9032: 8479: 8454: 8383: 8323: 8097: 8092: 8072: 8027: 7862: 7857: 7802: 7724: 7704: 7641: 7517: 7378: 7295: 7167: 7096: 6944: 6879: 6665: 6655: 6641: 6626: 6306: 6201: 6085: 6064: 5598: 5477: 5452: 5424: 5355: 5159: 4984: 4778: 4753: 4717: 4657: 4650: 4645: 4635: 4489: 4474: 4413: 4289: 4279: 4035: 3888:

Les Missions Etrangères. Trois siècles et demi d'histoire et d'aventure en Asie

2934: 2894: 2811: 2224: 1781: 1738: 1703: 1629: 1587: 1340: 429: 421: 288: 276: 173: 8564: 4352: 3783:

Restoration of Béthanie: now the home of Emmanuel Church - Pokfulam, Hong Kong

2921:, 120 Rue du Bac, with view on the park of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. 2746:. Houses of correspondence, or agencies, were established in the Far East, in 1457:, a poorly defended city, on 18 February 1859. This was the beginning of the 1094: 342:, wishing to take back control of the missionary efforts, had established the 10377: 10210: 10147: 10136: 10023: 9910: 9813: 9801: 9665: 9638: 9578: 9057: 8877: 8660: 8630: 8559: 8252: 8207: 7946: 7916: 7817: 7797: 7782: 7674: 7664: 7551: 7464: 7059: 7019: 6904: 6826: 6811: 6660: 6621: 6427: 6311: 6108: 5777: 5492: 5043: 4969: 4935: 4919: 4879: 4562: 4537: 4313: 4223: 4208: 4130: 3073: 2941: 2918: 1353: 1228: 1052: 800: 765:, do not put forward any arguments to convince these peoples to change their 270: 2801:

cult, 17th century Japan. Salle des Martyrs, Paris Foreign Missions Society.

1832: 1008:

was elected superior of the organization. In 1681 or 1682, the Siamese king

10235: 10165: 10043: 9852: 9823: 9690: 9387: 9130: 9089: 8645: 8584: 8494: 8303: 7963: 7767: 7606: 7546: 7034: 6969: 6899: 6889: 6816: 6716: 6685: 6461: 6410: 6178: 6120: 6017: 5788: 5705: 5661: 5656: 5646: 5457: 5384: 5153: 5028: 4884: 4848: 4587: 4509: 4353: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4077: 2889: 2778: 1883: 1477: 1446: 1383: 1369: 1291: 1136: 1041: 957: 610: 8696: 8569: 8358: 3933: 3102: 3043: 1848: 516:

defined the territories they would have to administer: for Pallu, Tonkin,

471: 9875: 9736: 9707: 9648: 9623: 9618: 9482: 9397: 9291: 9272: 8981: 8579: 8549: 8514: 8509: 8484: 8469: 8439: 8037: 8032: 8009: 7901: 7896: 7877: 7842: 7752: 7541: 7230: 7086: 6959: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6914: 6216: 6151: 6007: 5932: 5910: 5758: 5520: 5482: 4954: 4783: 4758: 4733: 4706: 4693: 4602: 4504: 4191: 2913: 2790: 1891: 1633: 1203: 1186: 1083: 676: 503: 323: 303: 217: 188: 2766: 1564:

Native priests of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, in western Tonkin.

812: 268:

an exclusive agreement to evangelize conquered lands, a system known as

10255: 10005: 9953: 9758: 9588: 9233: 9062: 9006: 9001: 8665: 8042: 7958: 7626: 7486: 6924: 6919: 6743: 6670: 6286: 6206: 5837: 4738: 4323: 2798: 2755: 2727: 2674: 2669: 2204: 1715: 1637: 1287: 844: 836: 744: 700: 648: 630: 404:

is at the origin of the creation of the Paris Foreign Missions Society.

311: 292: 249: 1698:

of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, also martyred in Korea in 1866.

1464: 1306:, ultimately leading to the occupation of Vietnam and the creation of 1211: 1131:, a pretender to the throne, in making a treaty with France (the 1787 816:

The Chapel at the Paris Foreign Missions Society, established in 1691.

326:, are very powerful and accustomed to war... It is necessary that the 10250: 10200: 10126: 10121: 9895: 9880: 9608: 9598: 9301: 9287: 9011: 8201: 7887: 7481: 7029: 7024: 6994: 6690: 6453: 6437: 6422: 6266: 6156: 6034: 6024: 5892: 5671: 2955: 2926: 2906: 2461: 2450: 2310: 1837: 1653: 1379: 1280: 1276: 1253: 1033: 969: 942: 871: 549: 460: 280:

in Spanish. After some time however, Rome grew dissatisfied with the

2893:

Stela to the members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society who were

10094: 9973: 9613: 9392: 9306: 9052: 9042: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8680: 8101: 7679: 7631: 7536: 7526: 7496: 7476: 7440: 7269: 7177: 7004: 6103: 5472: 5197: 4552: 4306: 4294: 2747: 2743: 1899: 1357: 1265: 1181: 1106: 946: 912: 863: 770: 762: 672: 598: 577: 560:). In 1660 the third founder was appointed as Cotolendi, Bishop of 541: 413: 365: 327: 162: 5213: 3457:

The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia By Nicholas Tarling, p.191

1576:

Jules Paspin, of the MEP. Died of malnutrition in Vietnam in 1856.

1020:. Charbonneau held the position of Governor until 1685. In 1687 a 885:

The chief events of this period were: the publication of the book

141: 10131: 10061: 9721: 9685: 8133: 8022: 7872: 7611: 7586: 7501: 7429: 7383: 6974: 5812: 5686: 5629: 4809: 4423: 4045: 2587: 2455: 2016: 1997: 1962: 1942: 1925: 1915: 1853: 1841: 1719: 1415: 1249: 1060: 1025: 695:

and India on foot, since Portugal would have refused to take non-

668: 602: 585: 569: 565: 561: 553: 537: 533: 525: 499: 307: 200: 3480: 3478: 1844:

in 1860: Étienne Alibert (1835–1868) and Louis Jolly (1836–1878)

707:

in Siam 18 months later, Pallu joined Lambert in the capital of

9147: 9067: 8934: 7714: 7596: 7491: 7127: 6432: 6417: 6361: 6328: 4975:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

4418: 4328: 4233: 3192: 3190: 2794: 2774: 2751: 2664: 2265: 1978: 1197: 1029: 1001: 908: 766: 732: 704: 692: 606: 573: 557: 545: 521: 495: 375: 319: 244: 193: 3688:"It is estimated than 10,000 were killed within a few months" 1860: 792: 723: 9695: 7225: 6393: 6357: 3475: 2806: 2598: 2313:

period (on the military side this is the period of the first

2269: 1676: 1641: 1429:

Other missionaries were martyred during the reign of Emperor

1261: 1009: 994: 985: 961: 774: 623: 581: 256: 226: 177: 3187: 1386:, 24 November 1838, in Tonkin, Vietnam. Vietnamese painting. 827:

commemorative medal of the first stone of the Mission, 1683.

7684: 6398: 6117: 2592: 2292: 1298:

was used as a justification for the armed interventions of

977: 894: 840: 708: 517: 396: 265: 3875:

Missions étrangères de Paris. 350 ans au service du Christ

2309:

As contacts between France and Japan developed during the

2215:

The first attempts at resuming contacts occurred with the

1168:

Departure ceremony at the Paris Foreign Missions Society.

4864:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

3509:

New Terrains in Southeast Asian History, p.294, Abu Talib

1488:

priests, 37 Vietnamese priests, and 59 Vietnamese laics:

870:, and the legal recognition of the French Government and 2397:

communities of men and women, 44, containing 390 persons

1882:

Three missionaries of the M.E.P. were canonized by Pope

637:

with the support of the Paris Foreign Missions Society.

467:, founding father of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. 363:

In the field, violent conflicts would erupt between the

10389:

Christian organizations established in the 17th century

976:

The Paris Foreign Missions Society started its work in

95:

Society of Apostolic Life of Pontifical Right (for Men)

10313:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

2199:

MEP Fathers and Seminarists in Southern Japan in 1881.

1101:

acted as a diplomatic agent for the Vietnamese Prince

4895:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

2321:, of the Paris Foreign Missions Society (1866–1884). 787: 3765:, James McMullen (1996) Cambridge University Press, 2810:

history of the missions, and objects related to the

2730:

for sick missionaries was established in Hong Kong (

1624:

of the Paris Foreign Missions Society was appointed

737:

Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith

455: 344:

Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith

185:

Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith

2561:

communities of men and women, 91, with 2538 persons

3968: 2709:communities of men and women, 54, with 787 members 2642:orphanages and work-rooms, 132, with 3757 children 2636:communities of men and women, 47, with 529 members 2567:orphanages and work-rooms, 106, with 7217 children 2505:orphanages and work-rooms, 132, with 4134 children 2499:communities of men and women, 23, with 222 members 980:, with the establishment of a base in its capital 248:Building of the Missions étrangères de Paris, 128 3864:(Eglises d'Asie, Série Histoire, ISSN 1275-6865) 3761:Religion in Japan: Arrows to Heaven and Earth By 3332: 3330: 3328: 2773:. The ladder-like apparatus in the middle is the 2715:orphanages and work-rooms, 57, with 2046 children 2576: 2514: 2244:, commanded by Guérin, arrived, soon followed by 1152:average of 3000 to 3500; that of infant baptisms 520:, and five adjacent provinces of southern China ( 10375: 7325: 4965:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 3590: 3588: 2403:orphanages and work-rooms, 38, with 988 children 1745:, the first Korean priest, and 92 Korean laics: 866:of Foreign Missions, it secured the approval of 3209: 3207: 3205: 3097: 3095: 1977:Pierre Dumont, died fleeing a Muslim revolt in 1551:, vicar apostolic of Eastern Cochinchina (1861) 1016:, a member of the Siam mission, as Governor of 180:dedicated to missionary work in foreign lands. 3877:2008 Editeurs Malesherbes Publications, Paris 3374: 3372: 3370: 3360:A Bibliography of Canadian Imprints, 1751–1800 3325: 3244: 3242: 2412: 2336: 8712: 7311: 5229: 3954: 3585: 1898:, 7 Franciscan missionary sisters of Mary, 1 622:was nominated Vicar Apostolic of Canada, and 229:, persecutions were used to justify the 1866 3202: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3092: 2570:pharmacies, dispensaries, and hospitals, 107 2508:pharmacies, dispensaries, and hospitals, 364 1476:Ten martyrs of the M.E.P. were canonized by 727:Chapel of the Paris Foreign Missions Society 568:, with also five provinces of China, namely 103:128 rue du Bac, 75341 Paris CEDEX 07, France 8726: 3367: 3239: 3180: 3178: 3176: 2718:pharmacies, dispensaries, and hospitals, 41 2645:pharmacies, dispensaries, and hospitals, 86 2406:pharmacies, dispensaries, and hospitals, 19 1520:, vicar apostolic of Western Tonking (1838) 796:The Paris Foreign Missions Society in 1663. 260:Symbol of the Missions Étrangères de Paris. 8719: 8705: 7318: 7304: 7158:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 5236: 5222: 4980:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 4930:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 3961: 3947: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3077: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 1836:Paris Foreign Missions Society priests in 3618: 3616: 3416: 3414: 3155: 3103:"Paris Foreign Missions Society (M.E.P.)" 3044:"Paris Foreign Missions Society (M.E.P.)" 1449:following the failed mission of diplomat 1040:, which adversely affected the missions. 3734:A History of Christian Missions in China 3173: 2929:brought to France by the French Admiral 2912: 2900: 2888: 2784: 2765: 2278: 2194: 1859: 1847: 1831: 1690: 1675: 1599: 1463: 1374: 1339: 1210: 1202: 1163: 1093: 952: 936: 819: 811: 799: 791: 722: 647: 470: 459: 395: 255: 243: 159:Société des Missions Etrangères de Paris 37:Société des Missions Etrangères de Paris 10137:Fostering of early experimental science 3293:By Nhung Tuyet Tran, Anthony Reid p.222 3135: 3050: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3009:Category:Paris Foreign Missions Society 1852:The mission in the Chinese province of 14: 10376: 10241:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 8319:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler 5617: 3613: 3411: 3114: 3112: 1398:sent a fleet to Vietnam under Admiral 1196:. Each bishop received annually 1200 718: 506:. On 9 September 1659, the papal bull 432:volunteers in Paris in the persons of 8700: 7299: 5217: 3942: 2187:France-Japan relations (19th century) 1445:attacked Vietnam under the orders of 1314:and other priests justified the 1866 1252:) in 1776, extended to Korea, Japan, 1159: 509:Super cathedram principis apostolorum 498:, and Lambert de la Motte, Bishop of 211:. In China, the murder of the priest 196:, and keep close contacts with Rome. 3088:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 3080:Society of Foreign Missions of Paris 3031: 2831:Portrait of Vietnamese crown prince 2651: 2223:), a vassal of the Japanese fief of 2205:suppression of Christianity in Japan 1659: 1615: 1406:In 1847, Cécille sent two warships ( 1207:1856 departures of MEP missionaries. 1147:At the end of the 18th century, the 1142: 151:Society of Foreign Missions of Paris 113:189 members (178 priests) as of 2018 5243: 4834:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 3915: 3235:Asia in the Making of Europe, p.232 3109: 1732:French Campaign against Korea, 1866 1596:French Campaign against Korea, 1866 1174:Charles Louis de Fredy de Coubertin 591:All of them were nominated Bishops 416:, obtained in 1650 an agreement by 24: 4389:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 3901: 3078:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 2682: 2609: 2534: 2472: 1886:on 1 October 2000, as part of 120 788:Establishment on Rue du Bac, Paris 221:for the French involvement in the 25: 10410: 3927: 3708:Religion Under Socialism in China 2564:schools, 1859, with 58,434 pupils 2502:schools, 1879, with 31,971 pupils 833:Séminaire des Missions Étrangères 703:on 26 November 1660, and reached 633:, and in 1663 he would found the 456:Appointment of missionary Bishops 295:was eradicated from around 1620. 8679: 7280: 7279: 7268: 7236:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 6784:Criticism of the Catholic Church 5196: 5184: 4515:Fourth Council of Constantinople 4470:Second Council of Constantinople 3067: 2872: 2856: 2840: 2824: 2712:schools, 315, with 18,693 pupils 2639:schools, 320, with 21,306 pupils 2370: 2315:French military mission to Japan 2168: 2153: 2139: 2125: 2111: 2097: 2083: 2069: 2055: 2041: 2005: 1986: 1970: 1951: 1569: 1557: 862:Known from the beginning as the 385: 43: 27:Catholic missionary organization 7637:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite 5403:First seven ecumenical councils 4485:Third Council of Constantinople 4409:First Council of Constantinople 3909:Histoire des missions de l'Inde 3836: 3811: 3787: 3776: 3755: 3741: 3727: 3715: 3701: 3682: 3671: 3662: 3648: 3637: 3625: 3604: 3571: 3559: 3537: 3525: 3513: 3502: 3490: 3461: 3450: 3440: 3428: 3402: 3381: 3353: 3342: 3311: 3307:by James Patrick Daughton, p.31 3297: 3283: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3228: 3219: 2324: 2260:. They came with the news that 1480:, 19 June 1988, as part of 117 1119:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh 629:, becoming the first Bishop of 142:https://missionsetrangeres.com/ 10100:Separation of church and state 9769:Formal and material principles 9754:Separation of church and state 7350:History of the Catholic Church 5978:Separation of church and state 4724:Dissolution of the monasteries 3990:History of the Catholic Church 3862:Monseigneur Pigneau de Béhaine 3126: 3014:Former French Mission Building 2979:Timeline of Christian missions 2865:Dictionarium Anamitico-Latinum 2734:); another in India among the 2577:Missions of Western Indo-China 2515:Missions of Eastern Indo-China 2400:schools, 161, with 9024 pupils 1459:French conquest of Cochinchina 1089: 964:. Here, the French ambassador 663:", founded 1660). A ship, the 348:Congregatio de Propaganda Fide 31:Paris Foreign Missions Society 13: 1: 10394:1660 establishments in France 9764:Hymnody of continental Europe 8915:Apostles in the New Testament 7999:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 7396:History of Christian theology 4598:Fourth Council of the Lateran 4573:Second Council of the Lateran 4182:Apostles in the New Testament 3854: 2694:bishops and missionaries, 207 2621:bishops and missionaries, 199 2546:bishops and missionaries, 365 2484:bishops and missionaries, 408 2382:bishops and missionaries, 166 1316:French Campaign against Korea 1310:. In Korea, the beheading of 1194:Society of the Holy Childhood 835:) was created in March 1663. 739:(known as the "Propaganda"): 392:French school of spirituality 239: 231:French campaign against Korea 7327:History of Catholic theology 4712:Catholic Counter-Reformation 4578:Third Council of the Lateran 4568:First Council of the Lateran 4024:Catholic ecumenical councils 3469:Asia in the Making of Europe 3422:Asia in the Making of Europe 3319:Asia in the Making of Europe 3277:Asia in the Making of Europe 3120:Asia in the Making of Europe 2931:Charles Rigault de Genouilly 2250:Charles Rigault de Genouilly 1622:Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert 1605:Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert 1443:Charles Rigault de Genouilly 1414:) under Captain Lapierre to 1304:Charles Rigault de Genouilly 1006:Jacques-Charles de Brisacier 880: 856:Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement 486:, becoming Pallu, Bishop of 426:Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement 209:Charles Rigault de Genouilly 71:; 366 years ago 18:Missions étrangères de Paris 7: 10384:Societies of apostolic life 9212:Eastern Orthodox opposition 3860:Mantienne, Frédéric (1999) 3750:, Nicholas Patrick Wiseman 3391:. Oxford University Press. 2972: 2884: 2761: 2413:Missions of China and Tibet 2337:Missions of Japan and Korea 1912:Vicar Apostolic of Szechwan 1356:, the son and successor of 10: 10415: 9229:Art patronage of Julius II 8425:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 8415:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange 7700:Transubstantiation dispute 7275:Catholic Church portal 4058:History of the Roman Curia 2905:Chinese bell brought from 2333: 2184: 2031:Catholic Church in Sichuan 2028: 1817: 1585: 1332:Catholic Church in Vietnam 1325: 1321: 1112: 1065:Catholic Church in Sichuan 930: 488:Heliopolis in Augustamnica 476:Pierre Lambert de la Motte 438:Pierre Lambert de la Motte 389: 87:Bishop François Pallu, MEP 10321: 10156: 10075: 10004: 9939: 9861: 9792: 9732:Calvinist–Arminian debate 9706: 9473: 9356: 9192: 9083: 8965: 8863: 8752: 8734: 8674: 8593: 8402: 8261: 8131: 8007: 7886: 7743: 7650: 7510: 7404: 7342: 7333: 7263: 7201:Aid to the Church in Need 7191: 7048: 6861: 6822:Vatican Television Center 6797: 6707: 6597: 6467:Eastern Catholic Churches 6448: 6337: 6230: 6177: 6102: 6073: 5998: 5923: 5858: 5803: 5722: 5592: 5506: 5438: 5383: 5302: 5279: 5251: 5179: 5079: 4945: 4872: 4807: 4794:European wars of religion 4691: 4626: 4528: 4450: 4341: 4264: 4124: 4113: 4105:Eastern Catholic Churches 3980: 3004:Chinese Rites controversy 2691:churches or chapels, 1048 2543:churches or chapels, 2609 2481:churches or chapels, 1392 2077:Southern Szechwan Mission 1636:. On 14 May 1837, he was 1022:French expedition to Siam 933:France-Thailand relations 887:Institutions apostoliques 643:French East India Company 172:, but an organization of 137: 127: 117: 107: 99: 91: 83: 65: 51: 42: 35: 10221:Christian existentialism 8339:Matthias Joseph Scheeben 7532:Athanasius of Alexandria 7424:First Epistle of Clement 7143:Communion and Liberation 6607:Eastern Catholic liturgy 5772:Mystici Corporis Christi 5700:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 4925:Mary of the Divine Heart 4548:Clash against the empire 4500:Second Council of Nicaea 4394:Old St. Peter's Basilica 3025: 2989:Society of Saint-Sulpice 2984:Catholic religious order 2754:, Singapore, and one in 2618:churches or chapels, 451 2379:churches or chapels, 238 2191:Catholic Church in Japan 2180: 2175:Tibetan Mission (part 2) 2063:Western Szechwan Mission 2049:Eastern Szechwan Mission 2035:Catholic Church in Tibet 1820:Catholic Church in China 1813: 1646:Pierre-Philibert Maubant 1592:Catholic Church in Korea 1581: 1493:François-Isidore Gagelin 1336:France-Vietnam relations 1273:Protectorate of missions 1115:France-Vietnam relations 990:Seminary of Saint Joseph 900:Seminary of Saint Joseph 36: 8728:History of Christianity 8450:Dietrich von Hildebrand 8314:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi 8188:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet 8168:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda 7710:Paulinus II of Aquileia 7705:Predestination disputes 5958:Philosophy of canon law 5888:Mariology of the saints 5468:Investiture Controversy 5191:Vatican City portal 4543:Investiture Controversy 4399:First Council of Nicaea 3890:Editions Perrin, 2008, 3632:Les Missions Etrangeres 3566:Les Missions Etrangeres 3532:Les Missions Etrangeres 3520:Les Missions Etrangeres 3497:Les Missions Etrangeres 3485:Les Missions Etrangeres 3435:Les Missions Etrangères 3362:by Marie Tremaine p.70 3337:Les Missions Etrangeres 3214:Les Missions Etrangères 3197:Les Missions étrangères 2994:Catholic Church in Asia 1959:Gabriel-Taurin Dufresse 1908:Gabriel-Taurin Dufresse 1666:Siméon-François Berneux 1549:Étienne-Théodore Cuenot 1312:Siméon-François Berneux 1156:was more than 100,000. 968:presents a letter from 941:The Siamese embassy to 926: 903:, at the origin of the 166:missionary organization 10289:Fourth Great Awakening 10176:Second Great Awakening 9415:Fall of Constantinople 9207:Development of primacy 8686:Catholicism portal 8535:Hans Urs von Balthasar 8334:Tommaso Maria Zigliara 8274:Félicité de La Mennais 7953:The Cloud of Unknowing 7454:The Shepherd of Hermas 7211:Catholic Charities USA 6845:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 6833:Vatican Polyglot Press 5883:Mariology of the popes 5521:Protestant Reformation 5203:Catholicism portal 5014:Second Vatican Council 4900:Our Lady of La Salette 4707:Protestant Reformation 4694:Protestant Reformation 4613:Second Council of Lyon 4002:Ecclesiastical history 3845:Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe 3763:Peter Francis Kornicki 3722:Taiwan in Modern Times 2970: 2965:Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe 2947:Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe 2922: 2910: 2898: 2802: 2782: 2284: 2264:had nominated Forcade 2200: 1869: 1857: 1845: 1824:France-China relations 1699: 1684: 1650:Jacques-Honoré Chastan 1608: 1473: 1424:Bombardment of Đà Nẵng 1390:Ming Man's successor, 1387: 1349: 1234:Génie du christianisme 1222:Martyr Saints of China 1216: 1208: 1177: 1127:acted as an agent for 1110: 973: 972:to King Narai in 1685. 950: 828: 817: 809: 797: 785: 755: 728: 656: 627:in partibus infidelium 618:system. In 1658 also, 594:in partibus infidelium 479: 468: 405: 336: 261: 253: 158: 10284:Reformed epistemology 10226:Third Great Awakening 10196:Seventh-day Adventist 10117:First Great Awakening 9990:Book of Common Prayer 9784:Protestant work ethic 9327:Independent Catholics 9278:Monastery dissolution 8460:Marie-Dominique Chenu 8379:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 8364:Désiré-Joseph Mercier 8248:Clement Mary Hofbauer 8243:Johann Michael Sailer 7670:Maximus the Confessor 7362:History of the papacy 6965:Good Shepherd Sisters 6807:Holy See Press Office 6045:Doctors of the Church 5878:Immaculate Conception 5833:Anointing of the Sick 5368:History of the papacy 4910:First Vatican Council 4608:First Council of Lyon 4372:Constantine the Great 4068:Christian monasticism 3907:Adrien Launay (1898) 3847:Book XLII: Chapter 18 3658:, Oscar Chapuis p.195 3387:Tran, Anh Q. (2017). 3085:Catholic Encyclopedia 2967:Book XLII: Chapter 18 2952: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2788: 2769: 2282: 2198: 1863: 1851: 1835: 1694: 1679: 1603: 1536:Pierre-François Néron 1467: 1400:Jean-Baptiste Cécille 1378: 1343: 1300:Jean-Baptiste Cécille 1214: 1206: 1167: 1097: 966:Chevalier de Chaumont 956: 940: 823: 815: 803: 795: 759: 741: 726: 651: 564:, Vicar Apostolic of 502:, Vicar Apostolic of 474: 463: 399: 316: 293:Japanese Christianity 259: 247: 205:Jean-Baptiste Cécille 161:, short M.E.P.) is a 10107:Edicts of toleration 9916:Three Forms of Unity 9681:Bohemian Reformation 9254:Catholic Reformation 9111:Roman state religion 8930:Council of Jerusalem 8636:Raniero Cantalamessa 8606:Alice von Hildebrand 8555:Edward Schillebeeckx 8233:Maria Gaetana Agnesi 8118:Lawrence of Brindisi 8048:Francisco de Vitoria 7838:Beatrice of Nazareth 7813:Hugh of Saint Victor 7793:Bernard of Clairvaux 7773:Anselm of Canterbury 7735:John Scotus Eriugena 7730:Paschasius Radbertus 7577:Gregory of Nazianzus 7471:Epistle to Diognetus 6838:L'Osservatore Romano 6776:Role in civilisation 6502:Croatian and Serbian 6250:Episcopal conference 6212:St. Peter's Basilica 5570:Sexual abuse scandal 5526:Catholic Reformation 5087:Sexual abuse scandal 4996:Mit brennender Sorge 4839:Age of Enlightenment 4618:Bernard of Clairvaux 4495:Byzantine Iconoclasm 4434:Council of Chalcedon 4214:Council of Jerusalem 4083:Role in civilization 4063:Religious institutes 3995:By country or region 3656:A History of Vietnam 2999:Christianity in Asia 2879:The Society in 1925. 1133:Treaty of Versailles 847:. On 10 March 1664, 350:, commonly known as 55:Post-nominal letters 10279:Liberation theology 10186:Jehovah's Witnesses 10019:Radical Reformation 9747:Resistance theories 9634:Christian mysticism 9629:Early Scholasticism 9341:Ecclesial community 9239:Counter-Reformation 9104:Constantinian shift 8611:Carlo Maria Martini 8575:Johann Baptist Metz 8545:Frederick Copleston 8369:Friedrich von Hügel 8329:Joseph Hergenröther 8309:Gaetano Sanseverino 8289:Ignaz von Döllinger 8213:Nicolas Malebranche 8053:Thomas of Villanova 8014:Counter-Reformation 7994:Girolamo Savonarola 7808:Hildegard of Bingen 7617:Cyril of Alexandria 7460:Aristides of Athens 7447:Epistle of Barnabas 7436:Ignatius of Antioch 7374:Ecumenical councils 7173:Neocatechumenal Way 7138:Charismatic Renewal 6852:Annuario Pontificio 6450:Particular churches 6126:Ecumenical councils 5898:Perpetual virginity 5733:Communitas perfecta 5677:Sermon on the Mount 4915:Papal infallibility 4905:Our Lady of Lourdes 4854:Shimabara Rebellion 4698:Counter-Reformation 2549:native priests, 491 2487:native priests, 191 1994:Auguste Chapdelaine 1922:Auguste Chapdelaine 1873:Auguste Chapdelaine 1866:Auguste Chapdelaine 1776:Just de Bretenières 1765:(21 September 1839) 1759:(21 September 1839) 1753:(21 September 1839) 1728:punitive expedition 1724:Pierre-Gustave Roze 1524:Augustin Schoeffler 1505:Jean-Charles Cornay 1470:Jean-Charles Cornay 1451:Charles de Montigny 1348:in Vietnam in 1835. 1024:took possession of 921:Lovers of the Cross 719:Founding principles 635:Séminaire de Québec 446:Apostolic vicariate 410:Alexandre de Rhodes 402:Alexandre de Rhodes 332:Alexandre de Rhodes 213:Auguste Chapdelaine 170:religious institute 32: 10353:Oriental Orthodoxy 9996:King James Version 9808:Ninety-five Theses 9604:Apostolic Brethren 9378:Church of the East 9373:Oriental Orthodoxy 9219:Crusading movement 8739:Early Christianity 8626:Alasdair MacIntyre 8505:Nouvelle théologie 8394:Thérèse of Lisieux 8238:Alfonso Muzzarelli 8178:Jean-Jacques Olier 8148:Tommaso Campanella 8063:Francisco de Osuna 8058:Ignatius of Loyola 7927:Catherine of Siena 7823:Robert Grosseteste 7720:Benedict of Aniane 7660:Isidore of Seville 7602:Augustine of Hippo 7567:Cyril of Jerusalem 7562:Hilary of Poitiers 7010:Premonstratensians 5393:Ante-Nicene period 5271:Lists of Catholics 4960:Our Lady of Fátima 4749:Ignatius of Loyola 4673:Catherine of Siena 4641:Pope Boniface VIII 4460:Benedict of Nursia 4429:Council of Ephesus 4266:Ante-Nicene period 4219:Split with Judaism 4053:Crusading movement 3695:2007-06-10 at the 3581:By Henry Kamm p.86 3553:2008-07-22 at the 3266:Mantienne, p.26-28 2940:The French writer 2923: 2911: 2899: 2849:Pigneau de Behaine 2803: 2783: 2697:native priests, 67 2688:Catholics, 324,050 2624:native priests, 42 2615:Catholics, 132,226 2540:Catholics, 632,830 2478:Catholics, 272,792 2466:Northern Manchuria 2385:native priests, 48 2376:Catholics, 138,624 2285: 2201: 2147:Manchurian Mission 1928:(29 February 1856) 1870: 1858: 1846: 1788:Pierre-Henri Dorie 1708:Pierre Henri Dorié 1700: 1696:Pierre Henri Dorié 1685: 1620:On 26 April 1836, 1609: 1530:Jean-Louis Bonnard 1482:martyrs of Vietnam 1474: 1439:Jean Louis Bonnard 1435:Augustin Schoeffer 1420:Dominique Lefèbvre 1388: 1362:Lê Văn Khôi revolt 1350: 1328:Martyrs of Vietnam 1296:Augustin Schoeffer 1217: 1209: 1180:On 23 March 1805, 1178: 1160:Nineteenth century 1154:in articulo mortis 1125:Pigneau de Behaine 1111: 1099:Pigneau de Behaine 1038:Siamese revolution 974: 951: 868:Pope Alexander VII 829: 818: 810: 798: 729: 661:Compagnie de Chine 657: 597:("In areas of the 514:Pope Alexander VII 480: 469: 406: 400:The French Jesuit 274:in Portuguese and 262: 254: 30: 10399:Catholic missions 10371: 10370: 10348:Eastern Orthodoxy 10216:Finnish Awakening 10171:Holiness movement 10112:Congregationalism 10071: 10070: 9931:Metrical psalters 9368:Eastern Orthodoxy 9312:Neo-Scholasticism 9019:Canon development 8920:Jewish Christians 8694: 8693: 8621:Gustavo Gutiérrez 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3564: 3560: 3555:Wayback Machine 3545:College General 3543:Website of the 3542: 3538: 3530: 3526: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3476: 3466: 3462: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3412: 3408:Mantienne, p.28 3407: 3403: 3386: 3382: 3378:Mantienne, p.29 3377: 3368: 3358: 3354: 3347: 3343: 3335: 3326: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3298: 3288: 3284: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3257:Missions, p.3-4 3256: 3252: 3248:Mantienne, p.26 3247: 3240: 3233: 3229: 3225:Mantienne, p.23 3224: 3220: 3212: 3203: 3195: 3188: 3184:Mantienne, p.22 3183: 3174: 3169: 3156: 3151: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3110: 3101: 3100: 3093: 3068: 3066: 3051: 3042: 3041: 3032: 3028: 3020:Augustine Périé 2975: 2969: 2962: 2887: 2880: 2877: 2868: 2863:Pigneau's 1772 2861: 2852: 2845: 2836: 2829: 2764: 2706:seminarists, 80 2700:catechists, 274 2685: 2654: 2633:seminarists, 81 2627:catechists, 242 2612: 2579: 2537: 2517: 2490:catechists, 998 2475: 2415: 2394:seminarists, 81 2388:catechists, 517 2373: 2339: 2327: 2300:Commodore Perry 2274:Vicar Apostolic 2258:Admiral Cécille 2248:, commanded by 2193: 2183: 2176: 2173: 2164: 2161:Tibetan Mission 2158: 2149: 2144: 2135: 2130: 2121: 2116: 2107: 2102: 2093: 2088: 2079: 2074: 2065: 2060: 2051: 2046: 2037: 2020: 2010: 2001: 1991: 1982: 1975: 1966: 1956: 1934: 1830: 1816: 1809:(30 March 1866) 1807:Martin-Luc Huin 1803:(30 March 1866) 1801:Pierre Aumaître 1797:(30 March 1866) 1795:Antoine Daveluy 1763:Jacques Chastan 1662: 1626:Vicar Apostolic 1618: 1598: 1584: 1577: 1574: 1565: 1562: 1499:Joseph Marchand 1484:, including 11 1455:captured Saigon 1396:François Guizot 1366:Joseph Marchand 1346:Joseph Marchand 1338: 1324: 1189:in March 1815. 1162: 1145: 1129:Nguyễn Phúc Ánh 1121: 1103:Nguyễn Phúc Ánh 1092: 1071: 1049:Artus de Lionne 935: 929: 919:nuns known as " 905:College General 883: 849:Vincent de Meur 790: 784: 781: 754: 751: 721: 624:Bishop of Petra 492:Vicar Apostolic 458: 422:secular priests 418:Pope Innocent X 394: 388: 340:Pope Gregory XV 242: 189:colonial powers 174:secular priests 132:Catholic Church 120: 110: 75: 73: 70: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10412: 10402: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10369: 10368: 10366: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10339: 10338: 10333: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10315: 10310: 10301: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10269:Pentecostalism 10266: 10264:Jesus movement 10261: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10162: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10150: 10141: 10140: 10139: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10103: 10102: 10092: 10087: 10081: 10079: 10073: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10065: 10058: 10055:Martyrs Mirror 10051: 10046: 10041: 10039:Martyrs' Synod 10036: 10031: 10029:Swiss Brethren 10026: 10021: 10016: 10010: 10008: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9998: 9993: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9945: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9867: 9865: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9833: 9828: 9827: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9798: 9796: 9787: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9774:Law and Gospel 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9750: 9749: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9718: 9716: 9704: 9703: 9701: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9673: 9668: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9566: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9529: 9528: 9527: 9526: 9525: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9479: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9455:Ottoman Empire 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9406: 9405: 9400: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9364: 9362: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9350: 9345: 9344: 9343: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9269: 9268: 9267: 9266: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9209: 9198: 9196: 9190: 9189: 9187: 9186: 9184:Biblical canon 9181: 9180: 9179: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9133: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9107: 9106: 9095: 9093: 9085:Late antiquity 9081: 9080: 9078: 9077: 9072: 9071: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9033:Church Fathers 9026: 9021: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8973: 8971: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8959: 8958: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8906: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8875: 8869: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8756: 8754: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8735: 8732: 8731: 8724: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8701: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8688: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8597: 8595: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8480:Henri de Lubac 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8455:Gabriel Marcel 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8435:Étienne Gilson 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8406: 8404: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8384:George Tyrrell 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8344:Émile Boutroux 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8324:Giuseppe Pecci 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8265: 8263: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8173:António Vieira 8170: 8165: 8163:René Descartes 8160: 8155: 8150: 8144: 8142: 8134:Baroque period 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8098:Luis de Molina 8095: 8093:Peter Canisius 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8073:Francis Xavier 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8028:Thomas Cajetan 8025: 8019: 8017: 8008: 8005: 8004: 8002: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7959:Heinrich Seuse 7956: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7893: 7891: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7863:Thomas Aquinas 7860: 7858:Henry of Ghent 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7803:Anselm of Laon 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7749: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7738: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7725:Rabanus Maurus 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7656: 7654: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7642:Pope Gregory I 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7523: 7521: 7518:Pope Gregory I 7511: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7450: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7410: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7389:Biblical canon 7386: 7379:Catholic Bible 7376: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7346: 7344: 7340: 7339: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7323: 7322: 7315: 7308: 7300: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7277: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7239: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7197: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7168:Legion of Mary 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7117: 7116: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7097:Lay Carmelites 7094: 7084: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7056: 7054: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6945:Conceptionists 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6880:Assumptionists 6876: 6874: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6848: 6841: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6809: 6803: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6713: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6697: 6696: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6648: 6647: 6646: 6645: 6644: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6603: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6582:Syro-Malankara 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6532:Italo-Albanian 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6464: 6458: 6456: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6420: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6403: 6402: 6401: 6396: 6386: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6350: 6343: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6259: 6258: 6257: 6252: 6241: 6239: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6202:Lateran Treaty 6199: 6194: 6189: 6183: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6149: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6128: 6123: 6114: 6112: 6097: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6004: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5963: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5938:Moral theology 5935: 5929: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5916: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5864: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5809: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5768: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5728: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5716: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5702: 5697: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5621: 5619: 5612: 5590: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5523: 5512: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5453:Pope Gregory I 5450: 5444: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5425:Biblical canon 5422: 5420:Late antiquity 5417: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5400: 5395: 5389: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5356:Church fathers 5353: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5336: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5308: 5306: 5297: 5290:Ecclesiastical 5277: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5241: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5218: 5209: 5208: 5206: 5205: 5193: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5094: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5004: 4999: 4992: 4987: 4985:Lateran Treaty 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4820: 4818: 4810:Baroque period 4808: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4779:Peter Canisius 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4754:Francis Xavier 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4718:Exsurge Domine 4714: 4709: 4703: 4701: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4658:Pope Clement V 4655: 4654: 4653: 4651:Avignon Papacy 4646:Western Schism 4643: 4638: 4636:Thomas Aquinas 4632: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4534: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4490:Saint Boniface 4487: 4482: 4477: 4475:Pope Gregory I 4472: 4467: 4462: 4456: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4414:Biblical canon 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4368: 4366: 4347: 4343:Late antiquity 4335: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4290:Pope Clement I 4280:Church Fathers 4277: 4271: 4269: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4136: 4134: 4119: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4041:Biblical canon 4036:Catholic Bible 4033: 4032: 4031: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3986: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3966: 3965: 3958: 3951: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3928:External links 3926: 3925: 3924: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3885: 3872: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3843:Chateaubriand 3835: 3810: 3786: 3775: 3754: 3740: 3726: 3714: 3700: 3681: 3670: 3661: 3647: 3636: 3624: 3612: 3603: 3584: 3570: 3558: 3536: 3524: 3512: 3501: 3489: 3474: 3460: 3449: 3439: 3427: 3410: 3401: 3380: 3366: 3352: 3341: 3324: 3310: 3296: 3282: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3238: 3227: 3218: 3201: 3186: 3172: 3154: 3134: 3125: 3108: 3091: 3049: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3017: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2974: 2971: 2963:Chateaubriand 2960: 2935:Korean Martyrs 2886: 2883: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2871: 2869: 2862: 2855: 2853: 2846: 2839: 2837: 2830: 2823: 2812:Catholic Faith 2763: 2760: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2603:Northern Burma 2601: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2555:seminaries, 14 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2493:seminaries, 19 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2338: 2335: 2326: 2323: 2246:La Victorieuse 2217:Ryūkyū Kingdom 2182: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2167: 2165: 2159: 2152: 2150: 2145: 2138: 2136: 2131: 2124: 2122: 2119:Canton Mission 2117: 2110: 2108: 2105:Yunnan Mission 2103: 2096: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2080: 2075: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2054: 2052: 2047: 2040: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2015:, martyred in 2011: 2004: 2002: 1996:, martyred in 1992: 1985: 1983: 1976: 1969: 1967: 1961:, martyred in 1957: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1941:, martyred in 1929: 1924:, martyred in 1919: 1914:, martyred in 1890:, including 9 1815: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1791: 1790:(8 March 1866) 1785: 1784:(8 March 1866) 1782:Louis Beaulieu 1779: 1778:(8 March 1866) 1773: 1772:(8 March 1866) 1770:Siméon Berneux 1766: 1760: 1757:Pierre Maubant 1754: 1751:Laurent Imbert 1704:Louis Beaulieu 1681:Bishop Berneux 1661: 1658: 1630:Titular Bishop 1617: 1614: 1588:Korean Martyrs 1583: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1496: 1323: 1320: 1161: 1158: 1144: 1141: 1091: 1088: 928: 925: 882: 879: 831:The Seminary ( 789: 786: 779: 749: 720: 717: 465:François Pallu 457: 454: 434:François Pallu 430:secular clergy 387: 384: 322:as well as in 289:Dutch Republic 277:Patronato real 241: 238: 168:. It is not a 145: 144: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 121: 118: 115: 114: 111: 108: 105: 104: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 67: 63: 62: 53: 49: 48: 40: 39: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10411: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10358:Protestantism 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10328: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10320: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10305: 10302: 10299: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10231:Azusa Revival 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10211:Laestadianism 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10163: 10161: 10159: 10155: 10149: 10148:Old Lutherans 10145: 10142: 10138: 10135: 10134: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10101: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10074: 10064: 10063: 10059: 10057: 10056: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10009: 10007: 10003: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9991: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9938: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9860: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9838: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9814:Diet of Worms 9812: 9810: 9809: 9805: 9804: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9791: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9748: 9745: 9744: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9715: 9714:Protestantism 9709: 9705: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9677: 9674: 9672: 9669: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9533: 9530: 9524: 9521: 9520: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9500: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9480: 9478: 9476: 9472: 9466: 9465:North America 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9361: 9355: 9349: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9338: 9337: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9289: 9286: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9265: 9262: 9261: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9204: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9185: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9128: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9086: 9082: 9076: 9075:Early African 9073: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9058:Justin Martyr 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8979: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8964: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8880: 8879: 8878:Life of Jesus 8876: 8874: 8871: 8870: 8868: 8866:Apostolic Age 8862: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8751: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8722: 8717: 8715: 8710: 8708: 8703: 8702: 8699: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8676: 8673: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8661:Aidan Nichols 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8641:Michał Heller 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8631:Walter Kasper 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8592: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8560:Thomas Merton 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8530:Jean Daniélou 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8401: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8269:Joseph Görres 8267: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8254: 8253:Bruno Lanteri 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8208:Blaise Pascal 8206: 8203: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8103: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8068:John of Ávila 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8011: 8006: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7948: 7947:Walter Hilton 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7917:Richard Rolle 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7885: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7798:Peter Lombard 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7783:Peter Abelard 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7746: 7742: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7675:Monothelitism 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7665:John Climacus 7663: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7552:Monophysitism 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7466: 7465:Justin Martyr 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7451: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7407: 7403: 7397: 7394: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7368: 7367:Papal primacy 7365: 7364: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7332: 7328: 7321: 7316: 7314: 7309: 7307: 7302: 7301: 7298: 7286: 7278: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7265: 7262: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7216:Home Missions 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7109:Saint Francis 7107: 7103: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7092:Saint Dominic 7090: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7062: 7061: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7047: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6905:Bethlehemites 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6828: 6827:Vatican Radio 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6812:Vatican Media 6810: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6796: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6596: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6263: 6260: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6176: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6109:List of popes 6105: 6101: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6072: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5893:Mother of God 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5802: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5790: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5778:People of God 5776: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5767: 5766:Infallibility 5764: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5721: 5715: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5642:Body and soul 5640: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5545:Enlightenment 5543: 5541: 5538: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5516:Protestantism 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5493:Scholasticism 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5478:Schism (1378) 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5463:Schism (1054) 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5382: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5232: 5227: 5225: 5220: 5219: 5216: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5192: 5182: 5181: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5044:Mother Teresa 5042: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4970:Pope Pius XII 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4936:Rerum novarum 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4920:Pope Leo XIII 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4890:United States 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4880:Pope Pius VII 4878: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4625: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4563:Scholasticism 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4538:Pope Urban II 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4363: 4355: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4314:Justin Martyr 4312: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4263: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4224:New Testament 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4187:Commissioning 4185: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4131:Apostolic Age 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4017:Papal primacy 4015: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3985: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3952: 3950: 3945: 3944: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3870:2-914402-20-1 3867: 3863: 3859: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3839: 3825:on 2018-05-08 3824: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3799:988-99438-0-8 3796: 3790: 3784: 3779: 3772: 3771:0-521-55028-9 3768: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3735: 3730: 3723: 3718: 3712: 3709: 3704: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3674: 3665: 3659: 3657: 3651: 3645: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3619: 3617: 3607: 3601: 3597: 3594:Chapuis, p.5 3591: 3589: 3582: 3580: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3556: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3540: 3533: 3528: 3521: 3516: 3510: 3505: 3498: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3472: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3453: 3443: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3405: 3398: 3397:9780190677602 3394: 3390: 3384: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3364: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3345: 3338: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3322: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3278: 3272: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3243: 3236: 3231: 3222: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3198: 3193: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3170:Missions, p.5 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3152:Missions, p.4 3149: 3147: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3132:Missions, p.3 3129: 3123: 3121: 3115: 3113: 3104: 3098: 3096: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3074:public domain 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2966: 2959: 2957: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2942:Chateaubriand 2938: 2936: 2933:, a stela to 2932: 2928: 2920: 2919:Chateaubriand 2915: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2793:disguised as 2792: 2787: 2781:in captivity. 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2750:, Hong Kong, 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2703:seminaries, 4 2702: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2683:Total numbers 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2630:seminaries, 3 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2610:Total numbers 2602: 2600: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2574: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2535:Total numbers 2527: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2473:Total numbers 2465: 2463: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2410: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2391:seminaries, 4 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2371:Total numbers 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2334: 2330: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2281: 2277: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2171: 2166: 2162: 2156: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2137: 2134: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2072: 2067: 2064: 2058: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2025:Mission areas 2024: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1973: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1867: 1864:Martyrdom of 1862: 1855: 1850: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1628:of Korea and 1627: 1623: 1613: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1572: 1567: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1471: 1468:Martyrdom of 1466: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1347: 1344:Martyrdom of 1342: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1229:Chateaubriand 1225: 1223: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1183: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1157: 1155: 1150: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1120: 1116: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1056: 1054: 1053:Arcadio Huang 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 996: 991: 987: 983: 979: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 948: 944: 939: 934: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 901: 896: 892: 888: 878: 875: 873: 869: 865: 860: 857: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 826: 822: 814: 807: 802: 794: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 758: 748: 746: 740: 738: 734: 725: 716: 713: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 686: 682: 679:and even the 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 654: 650: 646: 644: 638: 636: 632: 628: 625: 621: 617: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 595: 589: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 510: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 477: 473: 466: 462: 453: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 403: 398: 393: 386:Establishment 383: 381: 377: 372: 368: 367: 361: 359: 355: 354: 349: 345: 341: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 315: 313: 309: 305: 301: 296: 294: 290: 285: 283: 279: 278: 273: 272: 271:Padroado Real 267: 258: 251: 246: 237: 234: 232: 228: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 195: 190: 186: 181: 179: 175: 171: 167: 164: 160: 156: 152: 143: 140: 136: 133: 130: 126: 122: 116: 112: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 68: 64: 61: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 34: 19: 10274:Charismatics 10257: 10236:Gospel music 10166:Camp meeting 10158:1789–present 10090:Missionaries 10060: 10053: 10044:Menno Simons 9988: 9984:Church music 9835: 9806: 9691:Conciliarism 9676:Papal Schism 9518:Scandinavian 9410:Great Schism 9388:Nestorianism 9360:Christianity 9292:priest holes 9173:Chalcedonian 9136:Christianity 9090:Great Church 8898:Resurrection 8646:Peter Kreeft 8594:21st century 8585:Henri Nouwen 8495:Jean Guitton 8475:Fulton Sheen 8403:20th century 8304:Jaime Balmes 8262:19th century 8083:Luis de León 7964:Geert Groote 7951: 7768:Peter Damian 7607:John Cassian 7547:Nestorianism 7469: 7452: 7445: 7428: 7406:Early Church 7255:Universities 7087:Third orders 7050:Associations 7040:Visitandines 7035:Trinitarians 6985:Mercedarians 6970:Hieronymites 6915:Camaldoleses 6900:Benedictines 6890:Augustinians 6850: 6843: 6836: 6817:Vatican News 6771:Distinctions 6577:Syro-Malabar 6462:Latin Church 6384:Grand master 6282:Metropolitan 6179:Vatican City 6074:Organisation 5953:Philosophers 5818:Confirmation 5795:In canon law 5789:Subsistit in 5787: 5783:Three states 5770: 5731: 5724:Ecclesiology 5706:Nova Vulgata 5704: 5662:Original sin 5657:Nicene Creed 5647:Divine grace 5606: 5488:Universities 5458:Papal States 5385:Great Church 5327:Resurrection 5304:Early Church 5158: 5154:Pope Francis 5080:21st century 5029:Pope Paul VI 5006: 4994: 4947:20th century 4934: 4885:Pope Pius IX 4873:19th century 4849:Pope Pius VI 4716: 4588:Latin Empire 4558:Universities 4510:Pope Leo III 4377:Christianity 4362:state church 4354:Great Church 4155:Resurrection 4118:(30–325/476) 4115:Early Church 4100:Latin Church 4095:Papal States 4090:Vatican City 3908: 3887: 3874: 3861: 3844: 3838: 3827:. Retrieved 3823:the original 3813: 3789: 3778: 3757: 3743: 3733: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3703: 3684: 3673: 3668:Tucker, p.29 3664: 3655: 3650: 3644:Tucker, p.29 3639: 3631: 3627: 3622:Tucker, p.28 3610:Tucker, p.27 3606: 3600: 3596:Google Books 3578: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3484: 3468: 3463: 3452: 3442: 3434: 3430: 3421: 3404: 3388: 3383: 3359: 3355: 3344: 3336: 3318: 3313: 3304: 3299: 3290: 3285: 3276: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3230: 3221: 3213: 3196: 3128: 3119: 3083: 3016:in Hong Kong 2964: 2953: 2945: 2939: 2924: 2864: 2817: 2804: 2779:Pierre Borie 2770: 2725: 2328: 2325:20th century 2308: 2303: 2297: 2286: 2253: 2245: 2241: 2228: 2214: 2202: 1884:John-Paul II 1881: 1871: 1741:, including 1736: 1701: 1686: 1663: 1619: 1610: 1518:Pierre Borie 1478:John-Paul II 1475: 1447:Napoleon III 1437:in 1851 and 1428: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1389: 1384:Pierre Borie 1370:Pierre Borie 1351: 1292:Pierre Borie 1285: 1270: 1243: 1232: 1226: 1218: 1191: 1179: 1169: 1153: 1146: 1122: 1105:(the future 1057: 1046: 1042:Louis Laneau 999: 975: 958:Louis Laneau 898: 886: 884: 876: 861: 853: 832: 830: 760: 756: 742: 730: 696: 690: 680: 664: 658: 639: 626: 615: 611:Metellopolis 592: 590: 562:Metellopolis 507: 481: 450: 407: 379: 370: 364: 362: 351: 347: 337: 317: 297: 286: 281: 275: 269: 263: 235: 225:in 1856. In 216: 198: 182: 150: 148: 128:Affiliations 109:Membership 100:Headquarters 59: 56: 52:Abbreviation 10363:Catholicism 10300:Protestants 10294:Evangelical 9969:39 Articles 9964:Elizabethan 9941:Anglicanism 9921:Westminster 9831:Melanchthon 9794:Lutheranism 9759:Nicodemites 9737:Arminianism 9708:Reformation 9649:Bonaventure 9624:Inquisition 9619:Waldensians 9569:Investiture 9547:Kievan Rus' 9503:Anglo-Saxon 9483:Pelagianism 9475:Middle Ages 9398:Iconodulism 9273:Thomas More 9194:Catholicism 9116:Monasticism 9099:Constantine 9024:Persecution 8982:Adoptionism 8967:Ante-Nicene 8910:Holy Spirit 8893:Crucifixion 8864:Origins and 8765:2nd and 3rd 8656:Tomáš Halík 8580:Jean Vanier 8565:René Girard 8550:Alfred Delp 8515:Yves Congar 8510:Karl Rahner 8485:Dorothy Day 8470:Edith Stein 8440:Ronald Knox 8038:John Fisher 8033:Thomas More 8010:Reformation 7902:Duns Scotus 7897:Ramon Llull 7890:and reforms 7878:Roger Bacon 7843:Bonaventure 7753:Roscellinus 7542:Pelagianism 7513:Constantine 7336:Key figures 7245:Health care 7231:Pax Christi 7183:Schoenstatt 7148:Sant'Egidio 6980:Legionaries 6960:Franciscans 6935:Cistercians 6930:Carthusians 6885:Annonciades 6744:Altarpieces 6637:West Syriac 6632:East Syriac 6612:Alexandrian 6236:Holy orders 6217:Swiss Guard 6157:Dicasteries 6152:Roman Curia 6050:Evangelists 6008:Holy Family 5943:Personalism 5933:Natural law 5911:Josephology 5845:Holy orders 5483:Inquisition 5440:Middle Ages 5430:Monasticism 5398:Constantine 5322:Crucifixion 5160:Laudato si' 4955:Pope Pius X 4784:Philip Neri 4759:Pope Pius V 4734:Thomas More 4603:Inquisition 4505:Charlemagne 4465:Monasticism 4275:Persecution 4167:Holy Spirit 4150:Crucifixion 4029:First seven 3321:, p.229-230 2791:Virgin Mary 2660:Pondicherry 2525:Cochinchina 2304:La Virginie 1935: [ 1892:Franciscans 1670:King Gojong 1412:Victorieuse 1368:in 1835 or 1283:and China. 1231:, with his 1187:Louis XVIII 1172:, 1868, by 1090:Cochinchina 1084:Cochinchina 1072: [ 665:Saint-Louis 655:(1630–1662) 504:Cochinchina 478:(1624–1679) 324:Cochinchina 304:Franciscans 218:casus belli 215:became the 178:lay persons 10378:Categories 10085:Revivalism 10006:Anabaptism 9954:Henry VIII 9779:Literature 9403:Iconoclasm 9383:Chrysostom 9336:Vatican II 9302:Jansenists 9288:Mass rocks 9224:Lateran IV 9143:Athanasius 9063:Tertullian 9007:Marcionism 9002:Gnosticism 8955:Revelation 8873:Background 8666:Scott Hahn 8043:Johann Eck 7695:Iconoclasm 7627:Pope Leo I 7487:Tertullian 7000:Oratorians 6955:Dominicans 6925:Carmelites 6920:Camillians 6868:institutes 6681:Tridentine 6617:Antiochian 6537:Macedonian 6482:Belarusian 6372:Provincial 6287:Archbishop 6207:Roman Rota 6169:Properties 6094:By country 6090:Precedence 6055:Confessors 6035:Archangels 6025:Patriarchs 5925:Philosophy 5903:Veneration 5868:Assumption 5838:Last rites 5805:Sacraments 5749:Four marks 5560:Vatican II 5508:Modern era 5344:Succession 5033:coronation 4739:Pope Leo X 4324:Tertullian 4254:Revelation 4229:Background 3855:References 3829:2011-10-21 3399:. Page 27. 2799:Kirishitan 2758:, France. 2756:Marseilles 2728:sanatorium 2675:Kumbakonam 2670:Coimbatore 2203:After the 2185:See also: 2029:See also: 1896:Dominicans 1818:See also: 1716:Jeoldu-san 1586:See also: 1433:, such as 1326:See also: 1288:Suez Canal 1113:See also: 931:See also: 917:Vietnamese 845:Rue du Bac 837:Jean Duval 745:priesthood 701:Marseilles 681:Propaganda 673:Portuguese 631:New France 603:Heliopolis 440:and later 390:See also: 380:Propaganda 371:Propaganda 353:Propaganda 312:Barnabites 300:Dominicans 250:Rue du Bac 240:Background 10251:Ecumenism 10201:Adventism 10191:Mormonism 10127:Millerism 10122:Methodism 10077:1640–1789 9979:Civil War 9926:Orthodoxy 9881:Huguenots 9863:Calvinism 9848:Eucharist 9843:Orthodoxy 9727:Eucharist 9659:Five Ways 9609:Dulcinian 9562:Pomerania 9488:Gregory I 9332:Vatican I 9322:Modernism 9307:Molinists 9297:Guadalupe 9168:Chalcedon 9163:Ephesus I 9153:Augustine 9029:Apostolic 9012:Montanism 8977:Diversity 8753:Centuries 8570:Hans Küng 8359:Léon Bloy 8349:Modernism 8202:Jansenism 7888:Mysticism 7482:Montanism 7241:See also: 7193:Charities 7102:Discalced 7030:Trappists 7025:Theatines 6995:Olivetans 6940:Clarisses 6910:Blue nuns 6895:Basilians 6872:societies 6780:See also: 6666:Mozarabic 6656:Ambrosian 6642:Malankara 6627:Byzantine 6587:Ukrainian 6562:Ruthenian 6527:Hungarian 6512:Ethiopian 6487:Bulgarian 6454:sui iuris 6438:Postulant 6347:Religious 6302:Auxiliary 6297:Coadjutor 6267:Patriarch 6135:Cardinals 6082:Canon law 6078:Hierarchy 6060:Disciples 5983:Relations 5971:Evolution 5962:See also: 5907:See also: 5860:Mariology 5850:Matrimony 5823:Eucharist 5744:Ecumenism 5672:Salvation 5608:Catechism 5603:Tradition 5565:Communism 5413:Chalcedon 5049:Communism 5019:Ecumenism 4365:(380–451) 4357:(180–451) 4346:(313–476) 4268:(100–325) 3911:, 5 vols. 2956:Invalides 2917:House of 2847:Ashes of 2597:Southern 2462:Manchuria 2460:Southern 2451:Guangdong 2311:Bakumatsu 2254:Cléopâtre 1838:Guangdong 1654:Saenamteo 1486:Dominican 1392:Thiệu Trị 1380:Martyrdom 1354:Minh Mạng 1281:Indochina 1277:martyrdom 1254:Manchuria 1170:Le Départ 1082:, and in 1047:In 1702, 1034:Jonselang 997:in 1766. 982:Ayutthaya 970:Louis XIV 945:, led by 943:Louis XIV 891:Ayutthaya 881:1658–1800 872:Louis XIV 825:Louis XIV 712:Ayutthaya 550:Guangdong 66:Formation 10343:Theology 10331:Missions 10326:Timeline 10298:Mainline 10246:Pacifism 10095:Baptists 10014:Theology 9974:Puritans 9949:Timeline 9891:Scotland 9819:Theology 9666:Wycliffe 9614:Crusades 9589:Bogomils 9542:Bulgaria 9498:Germanic 9450:Ethiopia 9348:Timeline 9126:Nicaea I 9121:Councils 9053:Irenaeus 9048:Ignatius 9043:Polycarp 8997:Donatism 8992:Docetism 8987:Arianism 8888:Ministry 8102:Molinism 7680:Ecthesis 7632:Boethius 7537:Arianism 7527:Eusebius 7477:Irenaeus 7441:Polycarp 7355:Timeline 7285:Category 7178:Opus Dei 7163:Scouting 7153:Focolare 7020:Servites 7005:Piarists 6950:Crosiers 6686:Anglican 6622:Armenian 6552:Romanian 6542:Maronite 6517:Georgian 6507:Eritrean 6492:Chaldean 6477:Armenian 6472:Albanian 6353:Superior 6312:Emeritus 6292:Diocesan 6145:Advisers 6104:Holy See 6030:Prophets 5988:Politics 5759:Catholic 5739:Councils 5594:Theology 5473:Crusades 5408:Nicaea I 5339:Apostles 5317:Ministry 5286:Timeline 5266:Glossary 5059:HIV/AIDS 4553:Crusades 4307:Irenaeus 4300:Ignatius 4295:Polycarp 4145:Ministry 4133:(30–100) 4007:Timeline 3693:Archived 3551:Archived 3291:Viet Nam 2973:See also 2961:— 2885:The park 2762:Exhibits 2748:Shanghai 2744:pedagogy 2740:Nazareth 2732:Béthanie 2528:Cambodia 2522:Tongking 2446:Kweichow 2360:Hakodate 2350:Nagasaki 2289:Nagasaki 2256:, under 2231:visited 2219:(modern 2163:(part 1) 2019:in 1862. 2000:in 1856. 1981:in 1856. 1965:in 1815. 1900:Lazarist 1638:ordained 1358:Gia Long 1266:Malaysia 1182:Napoleon 1107:Gia Long 1080:Dufresse 947:Kosa Pan 913:Malaysia 864:Seminary 780:— 771:morality 750:— 697:Padroado 616:padroado 601:", i.e. 599:Infidels 578:Shandong 542:Zhejiang 420:to send 414:Far East 369:and the 366:Padroado 328:Holy See 282:Padroado 252:, Paris. 163:Catholic 10336:Martyrs 10132:Pietism 10062:Ausbund 10034:Müntzer 9959:Cranmer 9906:Baptism 9871:Zwingli 9722:Erasmus 9671:Avignon 9654:Aquinas 9644:Francis 9639:Dominic 9599:Cathars 9594:Bosnian 9584:Bernard 9579:Abelard 9552:Moravia 9537:Bohemia 9523:Iceland 9445:Serbian 9425:Georgia 9420:Armenia 9358:Eastern 9259:Jesuits 8935:Gospels 8883:Baptism 8023:Erasmus 7873:Thomism 7612:Orosius 7587:Ambrose 7502:Cyprian 7430:Didache 7384:Vulgate 7343:General 7250:Schools 7206:Caritas 7114:Secular 7080:Workers 6975:Jesuits 6761:Museums 6756:Library 6734:Writers 6729:Artists 6709:Culture 6676:Paul VI 6557:Russian 6547:Melkite 6389:Brother 6367:General 6307:Titular 6277:Primate 6255:Eparchy 6245:Diocese 6192:Outline 6131:College 6121:Francis 6065:Virgins 6040:Martyrs 5966:Science 5873:History 5828:Penance 5813:Baptism 5714:Worship 5687:Vulgate 5635:Kingdom 5630:Trinity 5618:General 5373:Primacy 5281:History 5261:Outline 5024:Judaism 4424:Vulgate 4234:Gospels 4209:Stephen 4126:Origins 4046:Vulgate 3982:General 3972:of the 3970:History 3773:, p.162 3568:, p.137 3534:, p.135 3471:, p.249 3424:, p.232 3279:, p.232 3122:, p.231 3076:: 2736:Nilgiri 2588:Malacca 2456:Guangxi 2233:Okinawa 2229:Alcmène 2225:Satsuma 2221:Okinawa 2017:Guizhou 1998:Guangxi 1963:Chengdu 1943:Guizhou 1926:Guangxi 1916:Chengdu 1906:Bishop 1868:in 1856 1854:Guizhou 1842:Guangxi 1793:Bishop 1768:Bishop 1749:Bishop 1720:Tianjin 1664:Bishop 1547:Bishop 1516:Bishop 1472:, 1837. 1416:Da Nang 1322:Vietnam 1268:etc... 1250:Jesuits 1137:Tây Sơn 1069:Pottier 1061:Sichuan 1026:Bangkok 907:now in 669:Jesuits 586:Tartary 570:Beijing 566:Nanjing 554:Jiangxi 538:Guangxi 534:Sichuan 530:Huguang 526:Guizhou 500:Berytus 484:Vatican 308:Jesuits 201:Vietnam 138:Website 84:Founder 74: ( 10024:Grebel 9876:Calvin 9802:Luther 9696:Synods 9574:Anselm 9557:Poland 9513:Gothic 9508:Franks 9493:Celtic 9460:Russia 9440:Syriac 9430:Greece 9317:Teresa 9264:Xavier 9202:Papacy 9148:Jerome 9068:Origen 8969:period 8744:Spread 7715:Alcuin 7597:Jerome 7492:Origen 7128:Fimcap 7070:Marian 6990:Minims 6722:Marian 6572:Syriac 6567:Slovak 6497:Coptic 6433:Oblate 6428:Master 6423:Novice 6418:Hermit 6406:Sister 6362:Abbess 6329:Deacon 6324:Priest 6319:Parish 6262:Bishop 6232:Polity 6018:Joseph 6000:Saints 5667:Saints 5555:Nazism 4990:Nazism 4812:to the 4419:Jerome 4329:Origen 4012:Papacy 3894: 3881: 3868: 3805: 3797: 3769: 3690:Source 3678:Source 3634:, p.12 3499:, p.45 3487:, p.54 3395: 3339:, p.35 3216:, p.25 3199:, p.30 2927:Canton 2907:Canton 2795:Kannon 2775:cangue 2752:Saigon 2665:Mysore 2441:Yunnan 2266:Bishop 2252:, and 2242:Sabine 2238:Tomari 1979:Yunnan 1945:(1862) 1918:(1815) 1856:, 1876 1826:, and 1730:, the 1594:; and 1544:(1861) 1538:(1860) 1532:(1852) 1526:(1851) 1513:(1838) 1507:(1837) 1501:(1835) 1495:(1833) 1431:Tự Đức 1408:Gloire 1334:, and 1198:francs 1032:, and 1030:Mergui 1018:Phuket 1002:Indies 988:, the 909:Penang 806:Turgot 733:clergy 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