159:
178:, the campaign was a Union Army undertaking, as the ships used were under Army command and were used as army transports and floating gun stations rather than independent warships. Most of their boats were either converted paddle steamers or purpose-built gunboats that had never seen the sea. Because of this, the
100:
was split from the
Confederate States east of the river when the Union gained control of the entire Mississippi River. This cut the main east-west artery of transportation for the South, depriving the rest of the Confederacy of men, food and other supplies from the Confederate States west of the
253:
U.S. Grant, who reported to Major
General Halleck, and the naval forces of the Western Gunboat Flotilla, predecessor of the Mississippi River Squadron, were led by Flag Officer Andrew H. Foote. Key military actions along the Mississippi River included the
112:. Scott proposed to defeat the Confederacy largely through blockade of ports and control of rivers leading to the economic 'strangulation' of the Confederacy, which he hoped would prevent a large number of bloody land battles.
190:
where the army, marching downstream met up with the Union Navy under Rear
Admiral David Farragut sailing upstream and the two combined their forces for an all-out land-and-sea shelling of the town.
17:
694:
714:
874:
158:
186:. This was a reference to the brown, muddy water of the Mississippi, as compared to the deep blue commonly associated with the sea. The only exception was at the
35:
472:
274:
101:
river. While not commonly lumped together under this designation, the river campaigns were undertaken mainly for reasons found in Union
588:. Tuscaloosa and London: The University of Alabama Press, Reprint. Originally published New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.
84:
on July 9, 1863. Flag
Officer Foote initially commanded the Union naval forces, which were later led by Farragut and Porter.
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commanded the Navy's squadrons. The
Vicksburg and Port Hudson campaigns were commanded by Major Generals Grant and
76:
territory in
Tennessee. It ended with the surrender of the last Confederate strongholds on the Mississippi River,
115:
The original Union Army expedition to control the
Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers was under the overall command
222:
116:
97:
73:
68:
The campaign on and along the
Mississippi River started in February 1862 with Union forces pushing down from
145:
93:
193:
The river campaigns saw the first practical use of river gunboats and river ironclads, in particular the
869:
483:
255:
179:
141:
879:
507:
Where the South Lost the War: An
Analysis of the Fort Henry-Fort Donelson Campaign, February 1862
259:
246:
242:
81:
8:
285:
279:
202:
194:
646:
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187:
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241:
Important battles in the
Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers campaign were the capture of
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Although an important role in the Mississippi River campaign was played by armored
126:
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54:
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133:
69:
58:
635:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
471:. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the
175:
148:
105:
50:
863:
710:
198:
109:
502:
478:
390:
362:
Holly Springs: Van Dorn, The CSS Arkansas and The Raid That Saved Vicksburg
230:
130:
218:
586:
Kirby Smith's Confederacy: The Trans-Mississippi South, 1863– 1865
548:
523:
468:
43:
39:
769:
Commanding Lincoln's Navy: Union Naval Leadership During the Civil War
343:
210:
169:
616:
The Battle of Fort Donelson: No Terms but Unconditional Surrender
46:
699:. Vol. 4. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1972.
650:
War on the Waters: The Union & Confederate Navies, 1861-1865
288:(replaced Admiral Foote as flag officer of Mississippi Squadron)
831:
Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861–1865
558:. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2007.
414:
Forts Henry and Donelson: The Key to the Confederate Heartland
848:. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2013.
680:
Vicksburg is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River
317:. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 2013.
809:. First published Campbell, CA, Savas Publishing Co., 1999.
528:. 2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86.
875:
Campaigns of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
249:, where the Union forces were under the direct command of
652:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
332:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.
723:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1979.
556:
Mr. Lincoln's Brown Water Navy: The Mississippi Squadron
377:
The Final Fortress: The Campaign for Vicksburg 1862-1863
217:, a term applied to self-propelled warheads only later,
818:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963.
696:
Papers of Ulysses S. Grant: January 8 - March 31, 1862
446:
The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War
431:. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1996.
72:
into disputed territory in Missouri and Kentucky and
18:
Mississippi River campaigns in the American Civil War
846:
The Vicksburg Campaign, March 29–May 18, 1863
682:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
330:
Vicksburg, The Campaign that Opened the Mississippi
36:
Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War
663:Nevin, David, and the Editors of Time-Life Books.
601:War on the Mississippi: Grant's Vicksburg Campaign
429:Island No. 10: Struggle for the Mississippi Valley
416:. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987.
599:Korn, Jerry, and the Editors of Time-Life Books.
861:
170:Practical elements of warfare on the Mississippi
349:. 3 vols. Dayton, OH: Morningside House, 1985.
302:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.
786:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2006.
771:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2009.
573:. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998.
665:The Road to Shiloh: Early Battles in the West
315:Grant at Vicksburg: The General and the Siege
844:Woodworth, Steven E., and Charles D. Grear.
799:Triumph & Defeat: The Vicksburg Campaign
784:Blue & Gray Navies: The Civil War Afloat
754:Champion Hill: Decisive Battle for Vicksburg
509:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2011.
27:Series of military actions by the Union Army
756:. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2004.
678:Shea, William L. and Terrence J. Winschel.
618:. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011.
364:. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011.
275:Mississippi River in the American Civil War
38:, were a series of military actions by the
543:. South Brunswick, NJ: T. Yoseloff, 1968.
65:, a main north-south avenue of transport.
667:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1983.
603:. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1985.
300:Grant Wins the War: Decision at Vicksburg
741:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
633:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era
463:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959.
448:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
157:
395:The Centennial History of the Civil War
14:
862:
379:. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1980.
236:
282:(commander of various gunboat fleets)
42:during which Union troops, helped by
801:. New York: Savas Beatie LLC, 2004.
401:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965.
197:, ironclad paddle steamers built by
833:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.
427:Daniel, Larry J. and Lynn N. Bock.
129:commanded the forces in the field.
24:
25:
891:
461:West Point Atlas of American Wars
213:, which at that time were called
491:. New York: Random House, 1958.
151:from the south and Flag Officer
571:The Civil War Battlefield Guide
525:Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant
716:The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant
13:
1:
98:Confederate States of America
87:
720:April 1 – July 6, 1863
517:. Originally published 2003.
412:Cooling, Benjamin Franklin.
182:quickly became known as the
94:Trans-Mississippi Department
7:
541:The Battle of Fort Donelson
268:
233:, in a river defense role.
32:Mississippi River campaigns
10:
896:
816:The Civil War in Louisiana
489:Fredericksburg to Meridian
484:The Civil War: A Narrative
347:The Campaign for Vicksburg
292:
225:experiment in deploying a
180:Mississippi River Squadron
142:Mississippi River Squadron
569:Kennedy, Frances H., ed.
209:. It also saw the use of
140:, respectively while the
260:First Battle of Memphis
80:on July 4, 1863 and of
797:Winschel, Terrence J.
166:
144:was commanded by then
82:Port Hudson, Louisiana
78:Vicksburg, Mississippi
53:, took control of the
829:Woodworth, Steven E.
459:Esposito, Vincent J.
161:
693:Simon, John Y., ed.
375:Carter III, Samuel.
328:Ballard, Michael B.
313:Ballard, Michael B.
195:City-class ironclads
162:1862 bombardment of
782:Tucker, Spencer C.
647:McPherson, James M.
630:McPherson, James M.
286:Charles Henry Davis
280:Seth Ledyard Phelps
237:Notable engagements
767:Taafe, Stephen R.
752:Smith, Timothy B.
735:Smith, Jean Edward
473:West Point website
399:Never Call Retreat
264:Siege of Vicksburg
188:Siege of Vicksburg
167:
153:David Dixon Porter
138:Nathaniel P. Banks
92:In July 1863, the
870:Mississippi River
854:978-0-8093-3269-4
839:978-0-375-41218-9
824:978-0-8071-0834-5
807:978-1-932714-04-3
792:978-1-59114-882-1
777:978-1-59114-855-5
762:978-1-932714-00-5
688:978-0-8032-9344-1
658:978-0-8078-3588-3
641:978-0-19-503863-7
624:978-1-60949-129-1
614:Knight, James R.
594:978-0-8173-0546-8
584:Kerby, Robert L.
579:978-0-395-74012-5
564:978-0-7425-5098-8
539:Hamilton, James.
521:Grant, Ulysses S.
515:978-0-8117-3160-7
497:978-0-394-41951-0
454:978-0-684-84944-7
437:978-0-8173-0816-2
422:978-0-87049-538-0
407:978-0-671-46990-0
385:978-0-312-83926-0
370:978-1-60949-049-2
360:Beck, Brandon H.
355:978-0-89029-312-6
338:978-0-8078-2893-9
323:978-0-8093-3240-3
308:978-0-471-15727-4
298:Arnold, James R.
251:Brigadier General
227:casemate ironclad
164:Island Number Ten
124:Brigadier General
63:Mississippi River
16:(Redirected from
887:
880:Riverine warfare
813:Winters, John D.
554:Joiner, Gary D.
443:Eicher, David J.
344:Bearss, Edwin C.
184:Brown-water navy
155:from the north.
127:Ulysses S. Grant
120:Henry W. Halleck
106:Winfield Scott's
103:General-in-Chief
55:Cumberland River
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207:Cairo, Illinois
176:paddle steamers
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134:Andrew H. Foote
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70:Cairo, Illinois
59:Tennessee River
51:river ironclads
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231:CSS Arkansas
221:and a brief
219:torpedo rams
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146:Rear Admiral
131:Flag officer
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31:
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223:Confederate
74:Confederate
864:Categories
718:. Vol. 8,
487:. Vol. 2,
397:. Vol. 3,
262:, and the
243:Fort Henry
88:Background
61:, and the
44:Union Navy
40:Union Army
215:torpedoes
211:sea mines
203:St. Louis
122:although
269:See also
47:gunboats
549:2579774
469:5890637
293:Sources
96:of the
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108:1861
850:ISBN
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803:ISBN
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773:ISBN
758:ISBN
743:ISBN
725:ISBN
701:ISBN
684:ISBN
669:ISBN
654:ISBN
637:ISBN
620:ISBN
605:ISBN
590:ISBN
575:ISBN
560:ISBN
545:OCLC
530:ISBN
511:ISBN
493:ISBN
465:OCLC
450:ISBN
433:ISBN
418:ISBN
403:ISBN
381:ISBN
366:ISBN
351:ISBN
334:ISBN
319:ISBN
304:ISBN
245:and
205:and
49:and
30:The
201:in
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