99:
271:
of the southeast, and in that region, Miskito seems to be losing ground. Sumo is endangered in most areas where it is found, although some evidence suggests that it was dominant in the region before the ascendancy of
Miskito. The Matagalpan languages are long since extinct, and not very well
266:
from the late 17th century on, as a result of the people's alliance with the
British Empire, which colonized the area. In northeastern Nicaragua, it continues to be adopted by former speakers of Sumo. Its sociolinguistic status is lower than that of the English-based
150:
in 1920. While all the languages of the
Matagalpan branch are now extinct, the Miskito and Sumu languages are alive and well: Miskito has almost 200,000 speakers and serves as a second language for speakers of other indigenous languages in the
2093:
Constenla Umaña A. (1998). "Acerca de la relación genealógica de las lenguas lencas y las lenguas misumalpas," Communication presented at the First
Archeological Congress of Nicaragua (Managua, 20–21 July), to appear in 2002 in
2061:
Benedicto, Elena (2002), "Verbal
Classifier Systems: The Exceptional Case of Mayangna Auxiliaries." In "Proceedings of WSCLA 7th". UBC Working Papers in Linguistics 10, pp. 1–14. Vancouver, British
2115:
Hale, Ken and Danilo
Salamanca (2001) "Theoretical and Universal Implications of Certain Verbal Entries in Dictionaries of the Misumalpan Languages", in Frawley, Hill & Munro eds.
2135:
Phil Young and T. Givón. "The puzzle of Ngäbére auxiliaries: Grammatical reconstruction in
Chibchan and Misumalpan", in William Croft, Suzanne Kemmer and Keith Denning, eds.,
5442:
2153:
4468:
4459:
5493:
2180:
2174:
5452:
2214:
2169:
448:
5348:
4324:
488:
484:
2065:
Benedicto, Elena & Kenneth Hale, (2000) "Mayangna, A Sumu
Language: Its Variants and Its Status within Misumalpa", in E. Benedicto, ed.,
555:
524:
510:
492:
416:
551:
2426:
5447:
328:
184:
4452:
4472:
3839:
3420:
3949:
5321:
2207:
2921:
5498:
5401:
4445:
4106:
2186:
5457:
4082:
3321:
2164:
5478:
4851:
4820:
3240:
3176:
2419:
3853:
3095:
2200:
3604:
5483:
4437:
4319:
3966:
3101:
2926:
2712:
2706:
2630:
2181:
Theoretical and
Universal Implications of Certain Verbal Entries in Dictionaries of the Misumalpan Languages
4329:
4314:
4013:
3314:
3301:
3072:
3033:
147:
5169:
4309:
4303:
4088:
3361:
3279:
3252:
2956:
2946:
506:
5488:
5406:
4787:
3875:
3536:
3333:
3131:
2991:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2647:
2412:
2393:
2159:
4287:
4094:
4070:
4045:
4018:
4001:
3011:
2966:
2936:
2909:
2480:
2435:
617:
171:
considered a possible connection between
Chibchan and Misumalpan to be "too distant to establish".
5416:
5267:
5249:
4912:
4495:
4334:
4141:
3778:
3766:
3598:
2660:
2653:
2469:
2362:
2284:
2271:
2132:
Ruth Rouvier, "Infixation and reduplication in Misumalpan: A reconstruction" (B.A., Berkeley, 2002)
315:- language spoken on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua and Honduras, Central America. Dialects are:
164:
49:
384:
248:
3339:
3264:
2667:
2617:
5243:
5201:
5010:
4976:
4694:
4353:
4201:
3996:
3772:
3725:
3355:
3272:
2931:
2915:
2723:
2624:
2487:
2463:
2278:
2223:
2137:
Studies in Typology and Diachrony: Papers presented to Joseph H. Greenberg on his 75th birthday
3991:
2044:
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (1987). "Elementos de FonologĂa Comparada de las Lenguas Misumalpas,"
5411:
5357:
5276:
5254:
4895:
4777:
4399:
4297:
3986:
3789:
3579:
3568:
3530:
3137:
3111:
3016:
3006:
2689:
2605:
2456:
2377:
2357:
2297:
2086:
Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (1987) "Elementos de FonologĂa Comparada de las Lenguas Misumalpas,"
2023:
296:
5309:
5302:
4100:
3825:
2335:
2329:
230:
5084:
4650:
4616:
4374:
4131:
3939:
3912:
3895:
3863:
3475:
3400:
3327:
3106:
3083:
3055:
2986:
2897:
2678:
4259:
8:
5421:
5260:
5218:
5158:
5137:
4931:
4867:
4810:
4758:
4743:
4716:
4684:
4500:
4151:
4055:
3955:
3944:
3906:
3885:
3783:
3742:
3517:
3499:
3493:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3367:
3350:
3089:
2755:
2742:
2636:
2586:
2443:
2372:
2290:
2248:
1152:
360:
5332:
5288:
5212:
5112:
5098:
5028:
4918:
4734:
4678:
4671:
4582:
4566:
4065:
4060:
4050:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4007:
3976:
3971:
3924:
3918:
3869:
3814:
3737:
3621:
3585:
3546:
3488:
3295:
3290:
3001:
2760:
2729:
2695:
2683:
2642:
2517:
2367:
2319:
2242:
2028:
240:
226:
143:
4555:
4162:
4125:
89:
5396:
5338:
5091:
5074:
5049:
5035:
4890:
4753:
4748:
4710:
4593:
4076:
3981:
3961:
3900:
3880:
3591:
3552:
3523:
3511:
3448:
3394:
3372:
3345:
3285:
3258:
3077:
3038:
3028:
2996:
2869:
2795:
2777:
2771:
2673:
2591:
2505:
1255:
827:
280:
123:
4167:
4156:
4136:
2474:
5426:
5371:
5364:
5282:
5223:
5151:
5144:
5063:
5021:
4986:
4944:
4925:
4900:
4861:
4840:
4834:
4797:
4704:
4602:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4513:
4384:
4244:
4234:
4229:
4183:
4177:
4146:
4039:
3934:
3858:
3796:
3748:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3644:
3628:
3563:
3558:
3541:
3482:
3376:
3308:
3219:
3186:
3154:
3050:
3022:
2971:
2892:
2876:
2862:
2844:
2837:
2823:
2783:
2765:
2749:
2735:
2557:
2540:
2303:
2253:
2192:
180:
135:
131:
70:
4224:
4172:
3164:
2108:
Hale, Ken (1991) "Misumalpan Verb Sequencing Constructions," in C. Lefebvre, ed.,
103:
Historical (dotted) and current (colored) distribution of the Misumalpan languages
5229:
5186:
5179:
5056:
5042:
4992:
4906:
4881:
4804:
4770:
4764:
4661:
4627:
4527:
4489:
4379:
4254:
4239:
4208:
3929:
3890:
3755:
3701:
3573:
3435:
3201:
3196:
3061:
2976:
2857:
2850:
2830:
2812:
2717:
2700:
2499:
2352:
2259:
2076:
268:
168:
44:
5295:
5127:
5105:
4958:
4937:
4829:
4723:
4643:
4636:
4575:
4520:
4389:
4249:
4218:
4189:
3820:
3706:
3689:
3639:
3634:
3505:
3442:
3212:
3206:
3126:
3121:
3067:
3044:
2789:
2611:
2568:
2551:
2545:
2523:
2511:
2324:
1795:
287:
versions of m, n, ng, l, r; the vowels are short and long versions of a, i, u.
263:
201:
152:
139:
4467:
5472:
4999:
4965:
4951:
4609:
4506:
4273:
4213:
4195:
3711:
3695:
3649:
3406:
3226:
3191:
3181:
3159:
3116:
2981:
2562:
2494:
2072:
1356:
2404:
2122:
Koontz-Garboden, Andrew. (2009) "Ulwa verb class morphology", In press in
412:
3170:
1784:
276:
204:– some 8,000 speakers along the Huaspuc River and its tributaries, most in
134:
and is composed of syllables from the names of the family's three members
2227:
1094:
474:
438:
346:
234:
2817:
520:
470:
374:
356:
98:
2127:
2069:, UMOP 20, pp. 75–106. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts.
583:
284:
244:
205:
188:
127:
83:
37:
2117:
Making Dictionaries: Preserving indigenous Languages of the Americas
1602:
587:
569:
252:
209:
192:
2096:
Revista de FilologĂa y LingĂĽĂstica de la Universidad de Costa Rica
2088:
Revista de FilologĂa y LingĂĽĂstica de la Universidad de Costa Rica
2046:
Revista de FilologĂa y LingĂĽĂstica de la Universidad de Costa Rica
2009:
2007:
573:
2110:
Serial Verbs: Grammatical, Comparative, and Cognitive Approaches
295:
Below is a full list of Misumalpan language varieties listed by
4413:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
4394:
4292:
2004:
1249:
155:. According to Hale, most speakers of Sumu also speak Miskito.
275:
All Misumalpan languages share the same phonology, apart from
1645:
1459:
1453:
2103:
Anuario del Seminario de FilologĂa Vasca "Julio de Urquijo"
1788:
2101:
Hale, Ken. "El causativo misumalpa (miskitu, sumu)", In
130:
and nearby areas. The name "Misumalpan" was devised by
279:. The consonants are p, b, t, d, k, s, h, w, y, and
2222:
2027:
568:- extinct language once spoken in the villages of
2030:Classification of South American Indian languages
299:(1968), including names of unattested varieties.
5470:
243:†– formerly spoken in the central highlands of
5168:
616:Below are Proto-Misumalpan reconstructions by
215:Mayangna - dominant variety of the Sumo family
167:to be "convincing", but Misumalpan specialist
4453:
2434:
2420:
2208:
2156:(general, but search specific language names)
2124:International Journal of American Linguistics
4423:Families with more than 30 languages are in
262:Miskito became the dominant language of the
122:) are a small family of languages spoken by
5347:
4460:
4446:
2427:
2413:
2215:
2201:
2034:. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
4469:Indigenous language families and isolates
212:. Many of them have shifted to Miskito.
183:– nearly 200,000 speakers, mainly in the
16:Language family of Nicaragua and Honduras
5073:
2022:
550:- extinct language once spoken from the
5494:Indigenous languages of Central America
2067:The UMOP Volume on Indigenous Languages
2016:
185:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
163:Kaufman (1990) finds a connection with
5471:
2079:, "A Possible Macro-Chibchan Etymon",
4441:
2408:
2196:
2175:The Misumalpan Causative Construction
383:- extinct dialect once spoken around
158:
2165:Ulwa Language Home Page bibliography
2128:http://ling.auf.net/lingBuzz/000639
327:- spoken on the Sandy Bay and near
13:
1053:plural exhortative-imperative verb
576:, Nicaragua. (only several words.)
290:
14:
5510:
2187:Andrew Koontz-Garboden's web page
2147:
2119:. University of California Press.
594:
373:- spoken on the left bank of the
321:- spoken on the Nicaraguan coast.
174:
2013:Hale & Salamanca 2001, p. 35
2001:Hale & Salamanca 2001, p. 33
441:River, Nicaragua. Dialects are:
97:
2141:Typological Studies in Language
2055:
1077:formativo de verbo intransitivo
2189:(with links to papers on Ulwa)
2038:
1995:
1:
1050:exhortativo-imperativo plural
146:. It was first recognized by
2112:, John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
582:- spoken in the villages of
7:
2081:Anthropological Linguistics
1080:formative intransitive verb
229:†– formerly spoken in the
10:
5515:
2394:Mesoamerican language area
632:English gloss (translated)
5435:
5389:
5320:
5200:
5126:
5009:
4975:
4880:
4850:
4819:
4786:
4733:
4693:
4660:
4626:
4592:
4565:
4479:
4408:
4367:
4344:
4283:
4272:
4116:
3849:
3838:
3806:
3733:
3724:
3613:
3430:
3419:
3386:
3248:
3239:
3147:
2905:
2891:
2805:
2600:
2582:
2533:
2451:
2442:
2436:Primary language families
2386:
2345:
2312:
2234:
606:
601:
96:
82:
63:
45:Linguistic classification
43:
31:
26:
21:
5499:Macro-Chibchan languages
3253:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
2143:20, John Benjamins 1990.
1988:
1756:segunda persona (sufijo)
1686:primera persona (sufijo)
1672:primera persona (sufijo)
1658:presente (sufijo verbal)
1428:negative (verbal suffix)
1425:negativo (sufijo verbal)
629:Spanish gloss (original)
191:, but including some in
4420:have no living members.
2160:Ulwa Language home page
1809:tercer persona (sufijo)
1661:present (verbal suffix)
387:, Panama. (Unattested.)
5479:Mesoamerican languages
5453:Unclassified languages
4400:Unclassified languages
4354:list of sign languages
3322:Northeastern Tasmanian
2346:Proposed macrofamilies
2126:75.4. Preprint here:
1770:tacanĂ (tipo de abeja)
1759:second person (suffix)
618:Adolfo Constenla Umaña
607:Reconstruction of
4375:Constructed languages
2235:Demonstrated families
2170:Moskitia bibliography
1812:third person (suffix)
1689:first person (suffix)
1675:first person (suffix)
483:- spoken between the
469:- spoken between the
126:on the east coast of
5484:Misumalpan languages
2922:Binanderean–Goilalan
1773:tacanĂ (type of bee)
1091:gallinácea silvestre
610:Misumalpan languages
198:Sumalpan languages:
112:Misumalpan languages
5402:Algonquian–Wakashan
4204:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
4107:Tequiraca–Canichana
3950:Harákmbut–Katukinan
2713:Northwest Caucasian
2707:Northeast Caucasian
2631:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
1153:Dasyprocta punctata
361:Cabo Gracias a Dios
5390:Proposed groupings
4480:Language families
3826:Tarascan/Purépecha
3315:Northern Tasmanian
3073:South Bougainville
3034:North Bougainville
159:External relations
124:indigenous peoples
5489:Language families
5466:
5465:
5448:Extinct languages
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5196:
5195:
5122:
5121:
4876:
4875:
4852:Takelma–Kalapuyan
4435:
4434:
4385:Language isolates
4363:
4362:
4268:
4267:
3834:
3833:
3720:
3719:
3415:
3414:
3362:Western Tasmanian
3280:Eastern Tasmanian
3235:
3234:
2957:East Geelvink Bay
2887:
2886:
2578:
2577:
2402:
2401:
2224:Language families
2024:Loukotka, ÄŚestmĂr
1986:
1985:
1256:Spondias purpurea
635:Proto-Misumalpan
614:
613:
108:
107:
5506:
5458:Linguistic areas
5345:
5344:
5166:
5165:
5071:
5070:
4784:
4783:
4563:
4562:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4439:
4438:
4281:
4280:
4235:Huaorani/Waorani
4119:(extant in 2000)
4083:Esmeralda–Yaruro
3854:Andoque–Urequena
3847:
3846:
3731:
3730:
3537:Plateau Penutian
3428:
3427:
3403:(Northern Daly?)
3246:
3245:
3132:Northwest Papuan
3096:Trans–New Guinea
2962:East New Britain
2937:Central Solomons
2903:
2902:
2648:Great Andamanese
2598:
2597:
2449:
2448:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2387:Linguistic areas
2217:
2210:
2203:
2194:
2193:
2154:FDL bibliography
2090:13 (1), 129-161.
2049:
2048:13 (1), 129-161.
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2002:
1999:
1314:be called, named
623:
622:
602:Proto-Misumalpan
599:
598:
519:- spoken on the
505:- spoken on the
447:- spoken on the
437:- spoken on the
411:- spoken on the
355:- spoken on the
345:- spoken on the
132:John Alden Mason
101:
92:
19:
18:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5431:
5377:
5343:
5325:linguistic area
5324:
5316:
5205:linguistic area
5204:
5192:
5164:
5118:
5069:
5014:linguistic area
5013:
5005:
4979:linguistic area
4978:
4971:
4872:
4846:
4815:
4782:
4729:
4689:
4656:
4622:
4588:
4561:
4481:
4475:
4466:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4404:
4390:Mixed languages
4359:
4340:
4275:
4264:
4118:
4112:
3967:Katembri–Taruma
3841:
3830:
3802:
3716:
3609:
3422:
3411:
3382:
3231:
3143:
3102:Turama–Kikorian
3012:Lower Mamberamo
2967:East Strickland
2895:
2883:
2801:
2589:
2584:
2574:
2529:
2438:
2433:
2403:
2398:
2382:
2341:
2308:
2230:
2221:
2150:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2039:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1991:
597:
534:Matagalpa group
527:. (Unattested.)
507:Escondido River
293:
291:Loukotka (1968)
177:
161:
104:
88:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5512:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5443:Classification
5439:
5437:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5417:Macro-Chibchan
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5353:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5328:
5326:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5280:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5264:
5252:
5250:Tequistlatecan
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5208:
5206:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5183:
5175:
5173:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5133:
5131:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5080:
5078:
5068:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5017:
5015:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4913:Tequistlatecan
4910:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4878:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4857:
4855:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4801:
4793:
4791:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4708:
4700:
4698:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4675:
4667:
4665:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4632:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4579:
4571:
4569:
4560:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4485:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4442:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4315:Indo-Pakistani
4312:
4307:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4198:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4122:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4014:Piaroa–Saliban
4011:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3781:
3779:Tequistlatecan
3776:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3625:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3583:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3515:
3508:
3503:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3446:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3306:
3302:Marrku–Wurrugu
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2866:
2860:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2727:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2661:Hurro-Urartian
2657:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2595:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2555:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2432:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2363:Macro-Chibchan
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2285:Tequistlatecan
2282:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2220:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2148:External links
2146:
2145:
2144:
2133:
2130:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2091:
2084:
2083:Vol. 34, 1992.
2070:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2037:
2015:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:zorro hediondo
1974:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:Cuniculus paca
1792:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
988:
987:
984:
981:
978:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
960:
959:
956:
953:
950:
946:
945:
942:
939:
936:
932:
931:
928:
925:
924:cuarta persona
922:
918:
917:
914:
911:
908:
904:
903:
900:
897:
894:
890:
889:
886:
883:
880:
876:
875:
872:
869:
866:
862:
861:
858:
855:
852:
848:
847:
844:
841:
838:
834:
833:
830:
825:
822:
818:
817:
814:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
797:
794:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
762:
761:
759:
756:
753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
735:
734:
731:
728:
725:
721:
720:
717:
714:
711:
707:
706:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
679:
678:
675:
672:
669:
665:
664:
661:
658:
655:
651:
650:
647:
644:
641:
637:
636:
633:
630:
627:
612:
611:
608:
604:
603:
596:
595:Proto-language
593:
592:
591:
590:, El Salvador.
577:
559:
536:
535:
531:
530:
529:
528:
514:
496:
478:
452:
420:
390:
389:
388:
385:Nombre de Dios
378:
364:
350:
332:
322:
305:
304:
303:Mosquito group
292:
289:
264:Mosquito Coast
260:
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
251:department of
238:
233:department of
221:
220:
219:
216:
202:Sumo languages
196:
176:
175:Classification
173:
165:Macro-Chibchan
160:
157:
153:Mosquito Coast
148:Walter Lehmann
140:Sumo languages
106:
105:
102:
94:
93:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
74:
65:
61:
60:
59:
58:
50:Macro-Chibchan
47:
41:
40:
35:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5511:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:Calusa–Tunica
5167:
5161:
5160:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5125:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4967:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4478:
4474:
4473:North America
4470:
4463:
4458:
4456:
4451:
4449:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4325:Original Thai
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:Hibito–Cholón
4087:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3605:Yuman–CochimĂ
3603:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:Southern Daly
3338:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:Darwin Region
3262:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2947:Demta–Sentani
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2668:Indo-European
2665:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2618:Austroasiatic
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2105:1996, 30:1-2.
2104:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:Colette Craig
2071:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2010:
2008:
1998:
1994:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:smell (intr.)
1490:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1357:strangler fig
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:interrogative
1223:
1221:interrogativo
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:interrogative
1209:
1207:interrogativo
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
990:
989:
985:
982:
979:
976:
975:
971:
968:
965:
962:
961:
957:
954:
951:
948:
947:
943:
940:
938:chica de maĂz
937:
934:
933:
929:
927:fourth person
926:
923:
920:
919:
915:
912:
909:
906:
905:
901:
898:
895:
892:
891:
887:
884:
881:
878:
877:
873:
870:
867:
864:
863:
859:
856:
853:
850:
849:
845:
842:
839:
836:
835:
831:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
805:
801:
798:
795:
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
778:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
737:
736:
732:
729:
726:
723:
722:
718:
715:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
642:
639:
638:
634:
631:
628:
625:
624:
621:
619:
609:
605:
600:
589:
585:
581:
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
537:
533:
532:
526:
522:
518:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
497:
494:
490:
486:
482:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
450:
449:Banbana River
446:
443:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
391:
386:
382:
379:
376:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
354:
351:
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
330:
326:
323:
320:
317:
316:
314:
310:
307:
306:
302:
301:
300:
298:
288:
286:
282:
278:
273:
270:
265:
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:
236:
232:
228:
225:
224:
222:
217:
214:
213:
211:
207:
203:
200:
199:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
178:
172:
170:
166:
156:
154:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
100:
95:
91:
87:
85:
81:
75:
73:
72:
68:
67:
66:
62:
57:
54:
53:
51:
48:
46:
42:
39:
36:
30:
25:
20:
5407:Aztec–Tanoan
5370:
5363:
5358:Guanahatabey
5356:
5349:Pre-Arawakan
5331:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5275:
5266:
5259:
5244:Oto-Manguean
5242:
5236:
5235:
5228:
5211:
5202:Mesoamerican
5185:
5178:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5011:Coahuiltecan
4998:
4991:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4924:
4917:
4905:
4860:
4839:
4821:Coast Oregon
4803:
4796:
4763:
4722:
4715:
4703:
4695:Macro-Siouan
4677:
4670:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4581:
4574:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4488:
4482:and isolates
4424:
4417:
4416:Families in
4351:
4302:
4200:
4188:
4038:
4006:
3997:Pano-Tacanan
3954:
3917:
3905:
3876:Arutani–Sape
3868:
3813:
3795:
3788:
3773:Oto-Manguean
3771:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3694:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3627:
3620:
3597:
3590:
3578:
3551:
3529:
3522:
3510:
3498:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3441:
3434:
3393:
3360:
3356:Western Daly
3334:Pama–Nyungan
3332:
3320:
3313:
3300:
3278:
3273:Eastern Daly
3271:
3263:
3218:
3094:
3082:
3060:
3043:
3021:
2992:Kaure–Kosare
2952:Doso–Turumsa
2942:Chimbu–Wahgi
2932:Bulaka River
2916:Austronesian
2914:
2875:
2868:
2849:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2724:Sino-Tibetan
2722:
2705:
2688:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2635:
2625:Austronesian
2623:
2616:
2604:
2550:
2488:Nilo-Saharan
2486:
2479:
2464:Austronesian
2462:
2455:
2296:
2289:
2279:Oto-Manguean
2277:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2241:
2140:
2136:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2087:
2080:
2077:Kenneth Hale
2066:
2056:Bibliography
2045:
2040:
2029:
2018:
1997:
1794:
1785:tepezcuintle
1488:oler (intr.)
1458:
1254:
1151:
899:cook (intr.)
857:interjection
615:
579:
565:
561:
558:, Nicaragua.
547:
543:
539:
516:
502:
498:
489:Waspuc River
485:Pispis River
480:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
434:
430:
426:
422:
419:, Nicaragua.
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
380:
370:
366:
352:
342:
338:
334:
324:
318:
312:
308:
294:
277:phonotactics
274:
272:documented.
261:
208:but some in
162:
119:
115:
111:
109:
69:
64:Subdivisions
55:
34:distribution
5412:Macro-Mayan
5277:Uto-Aztecan
5255:Totozoquean
5085:Coahuilteco
4896:Palaihnihan
4778:Tsimshianic
4310:Germanosign
4214:Mura-PirahĂŁ
4095:Lule–Vilela
4071:Bora-Witoto
4046:Uru–Chipaya
4019:Ticuna–Yuri
4002:Peba–Yaguan
3987:Nambikwaran
3790:Uto-Aztecan
3726:Mesoamerica
3580:Uto-Aztecan
3569:Tsimshianic
3531:Palaihnihan
3401:Malak-Malak
3138:Papuan Gulf
3112:West Papuan
3017:Lower Sepik
3007:Lakes Plain
2910:Arai–Samaia
2898:the Pacific
2606:Afroasiatic
2481:Niger–Congo
2457:Afroasiatic
2378:Totozoquean
2358:Macro-Mayan
2298:Uto-Aztecan
2228:Mesoamerica
913:hummingbird
828:Spanish fly
660:grandfather
646:grandmother
556:Olama River
525:Bocay River
511:Siqui River
493:Bocay River
475:Prinzapolca
439:Prinzapolca
417:Carca River
377:, Honduras.
359:and on the
347:Prinzapolca
235:El Salvador
223:Matagalpan
5473:Categories
5268:Mixe–Zoque
5237:Misumalpan
5159:Chitimacha
4651:Algonquian
4617:Athabaskan
4496:Yuki–Wappo
4304:Francosign
4152:Chiquitano
4132:Alacalufan
3940:Guaicuruan
3913:Chapacuran
3896:Cahuapanan
3864:Araucanian
3767:Mixe–Zoque
3762:Misumalpan
3476:Comecrudan
3328:Nyulnyulan
3107:Upper Yuat
3084:Torricelli
3056:Senu River
2987:Foja Range
2893:New Guinea
2818:Burushaski
2679:Kartvelian
2654:Hmong–Mien
2470:Khoe–Kwadi
2272:Mixe–Zoque
2266:Misumalpan
2183:– Ken Hale
2177:– Ken Hale
1923:son-in-law
1720:*kadasmak
1631:place, put
1397:murciélago
1137:watch (v.)
885:cook (tr.)
771:drink (v.)
552:Tumo River
521:Tuma River
471:Coco River
413:UlĂşa River
375:Coco River
357:Coco River
249:El ParaĂso
144:Matagalpan
56:Misumalpan
32:Geographic
22:Misumalpan
5422:Tolatecan
5322:Caribbean
5310:AlagĂĽilac
5303:Purépecha
5289:Cuitlatec
5261:Totonacan
5219:Jicaquean
5138:Muskogean
5113:Mamulique
5099:Comecrudo
5029:Karankawa
4932:Jicaquean
4919:Chimariko
4868:Kalapuyan
4811:Sahaptian
4759:Yok-Utian
4744:Chinookan
4717:Iroquoian
4685:Chimakuan
4501:Chumashan
4335:Tanzanian
4276:languages
4173:HodĂŻ/Joti
4117:Isolates
4056:Yanomaman
3992:Otomákoan
3956:Jirajaran
3945:Guajiboan
3907:Catacaoan
3886:Barbacoan
3815:Cuitlatec
3784:Totonacan
3743:Jicaquean
3622:Chimariko
3518:Muskogean
3500:Kalapuyan
3494:Iroquoian
3469:Chumashan
3462:Chinookan
3455:Chimakuan
3373:Yangmanic
3368:Worrorran
3351:Wagaydyic
3241:Australia
3090:Trans-Fly
2756:Yeniseian
2743:Tyrsenian
2637:Dravidian
2373:Tolatecan
2336:AlagĂĽilac
2330:Purépecha
2320:Cuitlatec
2291:Totonacan
2249:Jicaquean
2062:Columbia.
1881:you (sg.)
1106:garrapata
1095:wild fowl
941:corn girl
824:cantárida
671:acostarse
584:Cacaopera
580:Cacaopera
540:Matagalpa
503:Cockorack
285:voiceless
245:Nicaragua
241:Matagalpa
227:Cacaopera
206:Nicaragua
189:Nicaragua
128:Nicaragua
116:Misumalpa
84:Glottolog
38:Nicaragua
5333:Arawakan
5213:Chibchan
5092:Cotoname
5050:Quinigua
5036:Maratino
4735:Penutian
4679:Wakashan
4672:Salishan
4583:Eskimoan
4567:Eskaleut
4368:See also
4345:Isolates
4320:Japanese
4260:Yuracaré
4142:Candoshi
4101:Macro-JĂŞ
4066:Zaparoan
4061:Zamucoan
4051:Witotoan
4034:Tucanoan
4029:Tiniguan
4024:Timotean
4008:Quechuan
3977:Matacoan
3972:Mascoian
3962:Jivaroan
3925:Chibchan
3919:Charruan
3870:Arawakan
3807:Isolates
3738:Chibchan
3614:Isolates
3586:Wakashan
3547:Salishan
3489:Eskaleut
3395:Giimbiyu
3387:Isolates
3296:Jarrakan
3291:Iwaidjan
3148:Isolates
3002:Kutubuan
2870:Sumerian
2806:Isolates
2761:Yukaghir
2730:Tungusic
2696:Mongolic
2684:Koreanic
2643:Eskaleut
2534:Isolates
2518:Ubangian
2368:Penutian
2313:Isolates
2243:Chibchan
2026:(1968).
1982:*wasala
1962:zopilote
1603:Pleiades
1599:pléyades
1530:perezoso
1353:matapalo
1311:llamarse
1186:*jasama
986:*lihwan
816:*iskidi
705:*lalalh
699:amarillo
674:lie down
620:(1987):
588:Lislique
570:Jinotega
562:Jinotega
548:Popoluca
481:Panamaca
381:Chuchure
343:Tangwera
309:Mosquito
297:Loukotka
253:Honduras
247:and the
210:Honduras
193:Honduras
169:Ken Hale
120:Misuluan
90:misu1242
76:Sumalpan
27:Misuluan
5397:Amerind
5372:Ciguayo
5365:Macorix
5339:Cariban
5313: ?
5172: ?
5152:Atakapa
5145:Natchez
5130: ?
5077: ?
5075:Pakawan
5064:Tonkawa
5022:Aranama
4977:Pueblo
4945:Salinan
4926:Esselen
4891:Shastan
4884: ?
4862:Takelma
4854: ?
4841:Siuslaw
4823: ?
4798:Klamath
4790: ?
4788:Plateau
4754:Maiduan
4749:Wintuan
4737: ?
4711:Caddoan
4697: ?
4664: ?
4603:Tlingit
4594:Na-Dene
4549:Waikuri
4542:Timucua
4535:Kutenai
4514:Beothuk
4418:italics
4395:Pidgins
4380:Creoles
4330:Swedish
4298:Chinese
4245:Urarina
4230:Puinave
4184:Itonama
4178:Irantxe
4147:Chimane
4077:Chimuan
3982:Nadahup
3901:Cariban
3881:Aymaran
3842:America
3684:Waikuri
3677:Tonkawa
3670:Timucua
3663:Takelma
3656:Siuslaw
3645:Kutenai
3629:Esselen
3592:Wintuan
3553:Shastan
3524:Na-Dene
3512:Maiduan
3449:Caddoan
3423:America
3377:Wagiman
3375:(incl.
3346:Tangkic
3286:Garawan
3259:Bunuban
3220:Tambora
3187:Maybrat
3155:Abinomn
3078:Teberan
3039:Pauwasi
3029:Mairasi
2997:Kiwaian
2877:Tambora
2863:Shompen
2845:Kusunda
2838:Kenaboi
2824:Elamite
2796:Siangic
2778:Kho-Bwa
2772:Hrusish
2690:Kra–Dai
2674:Japonic
2583:Eurasia
2558:Sandawe
2541:Bangime
2506:Songhay
2098:28 (1).
1968:*kusma
1965:vulture
1776:*walaŋ
1714:rodilla
1615:podrido
1578:*kutak
1564:*walpa
1508:*tupal
1494:*walab
1389:*jwada
1375:*ajlas
1345:*ahawa
1303:*wajku
1261:*wudak
1158:*kjaki
1148:guatusa
1134:guardar
910:colibrĂ
896:cocerse
854:caramba
840:caracol
758:pumpkin
554:to the
544:Chontal
459:Táuaxka
455:Tawihka
445:Bawihka
435:Albauin
409:Taulepa
313:Miskito
231:Morazán
181:Miskito
136:Miskito
71:Miskito
52: ?
5427:Waroid
5283:Xincan
5224:Lencan
5187:Calusa
5180:Tunica
5057:Solano
5043:Naolan
4987:Tanoan
4901:Pomoan
4835:Coosan
4830:Alsean
4805:Molala
4765:Yokuts
4705:Siouan
4556:PericĂş
4528:Cayuse
4293:BANZSL
4255:Yamana
4240:Trumai
4209:Movima
4163:FulniĂ´
4126:AikanĂŁ
4040:Tupian
3935:Chonan
3859:Arauan
3797:Xincan
3749:Lencan
3702:Yokuts
3599:Yukian
3564:Tanoan
3559:Siouan
3542:Pomoan
3483:Coosan
3309:Mirndi
3202:Porome
3197:Pawaia
3051:Senagi
3023:Madang
2972:Eleman
2927:Border
2858:Nihali
2851:Minoan
2831:Hattic
2813:Basque
2784:Mijiic
2766:Digaro
2750:Uralic
2736:Turkic
2587:Europe
2444:Africa
2304:Xincan
2254:Lencan
2075:&
1948:zacate
1906:viento
1870:*anaŋ
1854:jaguar
1840:nipple
1826:nipple
1742:sangre
1706:*wali
1650:*sawa
1618:rotten
1607:*kadu
1558:piedra
1550:*wida
1544:pesado
1536:*saja
1480:*wada
1431:*-san
1403:*umis
1369:mentir
1361:*laka
1342:mature
1339:maduro
1317:*ajaŋ
1286:tongue
1283:lengua
1250:jocote
1180:hierro
1166:gusano
1140:*ubak
1112:*mata
1064:flecha
1056:*-naw
1028:*maja
1022:esposa
1000:*jabu
994:dormir
980:dinero
958:*kuma
944:*sili
860:*anaj
846:*suni
832:*mada
802:*jam-
747:*widi
733:*kawh
702:yellow
677:*udaŋ
663:*nini
657:abuelo
649:titiŋ
643:abuela
566:Chingo
491:, and
477:River.
405:Oldwaw
349:River.
339:Tauira
335:Tawira
329:Bimuna
325:Baldam
281:voiced
269:creole
114:(also
5436:Lists
5296:Huave
5230:Mayan
5106:Garza
4993:Keres
4959:Washo
4938:Karuk
4907:Yuman
4882:Hokan
4771:Utian
4724:Yuchi
4662:Mosan
4644:Yurok
4637:Wiyot
4628:Algic
4576:Aleut
4521:Bidai
4490:Haida
4250:Warao
4219:Nukak
4190:Kunza
4168:GuatĂł
4157:Cofán
4137:Camsá
3930:Choco
3891:Boran
3840:South
3821:Huave
3756:Mayan
3707:Yuchi
3690:Washo
3640:Karuk
3635:Haida
3574:Utian
3506:Keres
3443:Alsea
3436:Algic
3421:North
3213:Taiap
3207:Sulka
3062:Sepik
2977:Engan
2718:Ongan
2701:Nivkh
2569:Shabo
2552:Jalaa
2546:Hadza
2500:Mande
2353:Hokan
2325:Huave
2260:Mayan
1989:Notes
1979:skunk
1954:*tun
1951:grass
1940:*jam
1920:yerno
1912:*win
1898:*saŋ
1895:green
1892:verde
1884:*man
1867:cough
1851:tigre
1829:*tja
1815:*-ka
1801:*uja
1762:*-ma
1745:blood
1734:*paw
1692:*-ki
1646:pozol
1642:pozol
1634:*kan
1628:meter
1589:louse
1586:piojo
1561:stone
1547:heavy
1522:*usu
1519:urine
1516:orina
1502:oreja
1466:*kuh
1460:Pinus
1454:ocote
1445:*amu
1442:cloud
1417:*nam
1411:nariz
1386:woman
1383:mujer
1331:*aja
1275:*naj
1269:lejos
1197:smoke
1172:*bid
1126:*udu
1123:heron
1120:garza
1083:*-wa
1067:arrow
1039:to be
1036:estar
997:sleep
983:money
955:chile
952:chile
930:*-ni
916:*sud
902:*wad
888:*bja
882:cocer
871:house
843:snail
796:bueno
785:mouth
768:beber
755:ayote
727:arena
719:*ban
713:árbol
688:water
574:DanlĂ
517:Yosco
499:Cucra
463:Twaca
427:Simou
401:Gaula
397:Wulwa
371:Cueta
353:Wanki
237:; and
5128:Gulf
5000:Zuni
4966:Yana
4952:Seri
4610:Eyak
4507:Adai
4425:bold
4352:See
4288:Arab
4274:Sign
4225:Páez
4202:Maku
4196:Leco
3712:Zuni
3696:Yana
3650:Seri
3407:Tiwi
3227:Wiru
3192:Mpur
3182:Kuot
3165:AnĂŞm
3160:Abun
3127:Yuat
3122:Yawa
3068:Skou
3045:Ramu
2896:and
2790:Miju
2612:Ainu
2592:Asia
2590:and
2563:Laal
2524:Kadu
2512:Ijaw
2475:Kx'a
1909:wind
1843:*su
1837:teta
1823:teta
1789:paca
1728:rojo
1717:knee
1678:*-i
1664:*ta
1575:skin
1572:piel
1533:lazy
1477:hear
1463:spp.
1439:nube
1414:nose
1328:corn
1325:maĂz
1300:moon
1297:luna
1289:*tu
1241:*wa
1227:*ja
1213:*ma
1194:humo
1183:iron
1169:worm
1109:tick
1042:*da
1025:wife
1014:*bu
969:give
868:casa
810:bĂşho
799:good
788:*ta
782:boca
774:*di
741:atar
730:sand
716:tree
691:*li
685:agua
586:and
572:and
523:and
509:and
473:and
467:Taga
431:Smus
423:Sumu
415:and
393:Ulua
319:Kâbô
283:and
218:Ulwa
142:and
110:The
4471:of
3177:Kol
3171:Ata
3117:Yam
2982:Fas
2495:Tuu
2226:of
1926:*u
1864:tos
1748:*a
1731:red
1703:net
1700:red
1505:ear
1474:oĂr
1400:bat
1372:lie
1272:far
1011:two
1008:dos
972:*a
966:dar
874:*u
813:owl
744:tie
626:No.
367:Mam
187:of
118:or
5475::
3379:)?
2338:?)
2139:,
2006:^
1973:94
1959:93
1945:92
1934:yo
1931:91
1917:90
1903:89
1889:88
1878:tĂş
1875:87
1861:86
1848:85
1834:84
1820:83
1806:82
1781:81
1767:80
1753:79
1739:78
1725:77
1711:76
1697:75
1683:74
1669:73
1655:72
1639:71
1625:70
1612:69
1596:68
1583:67
1569:66
1555:65
1541:64
1527:63
1513:62
1499:61
1485:60
1471:59
1450:58
1436:57
1422:56
1408:55
1394:54
1380:53
1366:52
1350:51
1336:50
1322:49
1308:48
1294:47
1280:46
1266:45
1246:44
1238:go
1235:ir
1232:43
1218:42
1204:41
1191:40
1177:39
1163:38
1145:37
1131:36
1117:35
1103:34
1088:33
1074:32
1061:31
1047:30
1033:29
1019:28
1005:27
991:26
977:25
963:24
949:23
935:22
921:21
907:20
893:19
879:18
865:17
851:16
837:15
821:14
807:13
793:12
779:11
765:10
564:/
546:/
542:/
501:/
487:,
465:/
461:/
457:/
433:/
429:/
425:/
407:/
403:/
399:/
395:/
369:/
341:/
337:/
311:/
138:,
4461:e
4454:t
4447:v
4427:.
4337:?
4221:?
4180:?
4159:?
4128:?
4109:?
4103:?
4097:?
4091:?
4085:?
4079:?
4073:?
3342:?
3305:?
3268:?
3255:?
3222:?
3215:?
3209:?
3173:?
3167:?
3140:?
3134:?
2879:?
2865:?
2853:?
2840:?
2798:?
2792:?
2786:?
2780:?
2774:?
2768:?
2594:)
2585:(
2571:?
2565:?
2526:?
2520:?
2514:?
2508:?
2502:?
2491:?
2428:e
2421:t
2414:v
2334:(
2216:e
2209:t
2202:v
1937:I
1791:)
1787:(
752:9
738:8
724:7
710:6
696:5
682:4
668:3
654:2
640:1
513:.
495:.
451:.
363:.
331:.
195:.
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