1051:
2074:
60:
1082:. In public discourse this created the problem that the Roman army could be seen as fighting against a people who could be related to the ancestors of the Romans. The image of the historical Dardani in the 1st century BC was that of Illyrian barbarians who raided their Macedonian frontier and had to be dealt with. In this context, the name of a people known as the
1127:
around 4 CE. Strabo's argumentation that the Moesi were moved in the region by Aelius Catus has been criticized for its "illogical and controversial arguments". Strabo in
Geography mentions no historical events in relation to the Moesi in contrast to the historical details he reports about the
1143:
in Roman discourse became linked to the ancestors of the Romans, the actual
Dardani began to be covered in Roman literature by other names. After the death of Augustus, their name in connection to the Balkans became a political problem. After the death of Augustus, the new emperor was
1152:, whose name had been constructed as the name of the mythical progenitors of the Romans. Thus, the decision to create a new name for Dardania and the Dardani was made. Despite this decision and the administrative use of the names
1148:, his stepson and the most senior Roman general in the Balkans. As Tiberius had played a key role in the Roman conquest of the Balkans, as emperor he could not be portrayed as the conqueror of
1078:. In the years before the Trojan origin story became the official Roman narrative about their origins, the Romans came into conflict in the Balkans with a people who were known as the
735:'s death in 14 CE and are mentioned only by three authors dealing with the Roman warfare in the region and the ethnonymic situation between mid-1st century BC and mid-1st century CE:
2116:
2492:
1515:
Fine, John Van
Antwerp (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. University of Michigan Press. p. 68,
168:
76:
2487:
1090:
are mentioned only in three ancient sources in the period after the death of
Emperor Augustus in 14 CE. The name itself was taken from the name of the
1639:
777:
ancestors of the Romans and the creation of a fictive name for the actual
Dardani who were seen as barbarians and antagonists of Rome in antiquity.
2109:
2073:
1813:
916:москъ, мъскъ or мьскъ etc.). The root is generally considered to have originated in the Balkans and thereafter spreading into the Slavic zone.
2102:
3249:
1294:
1289:
326:
230:
840:
seems to be a suffixal derivative holding some kind of semantic distinction from the original root. They have been connected with the
1722:
Ad Ripam
Fluminis Danuvi: Papers of the 3rd International Conference on the Roman Danubian Provinces, Vienna, 11th–14th November 2015
622:
1136:
who would have been their neighbours. This is seen as more evidence that the Moesi as a people were in fact a recent construct.
1094:
in Asia Minor. The choice seems to be related to the fact that the Trojan-era
Mysians lived close to the Trojan-era Dardanians.
1628:
1607:
1503:
2180:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
1806:
201:
1341:('horse') for 'foal' after a later semantic shift 'horse' > 'foal' in Albanian, which was triggered by the loan from
1176:
was not used for several hundred years after this period in an administrative context. It was only recreated by
Emperor
2622:
1520:
379:
3489:
2771:
1782:
1695:
Wilkes, J. J. (1996). "The
Danubian and Balkan provinces". In Alan K. Bowman; Edward Champlin; Andrew Linto (eds.).
528:
939:, noting the phonetic similarity between the terms. Furthermore, he provided the evidence of a fragment written by
523:
498:
2094:
3196:
2447:
1799:
3242:
2515:
2439:
2428:
1706:
1685:
1537:
1119:. Strabo constructs a story according to which Moesian presence in the Danubian area dates to the campaigns of
518:
2582:
2216:
591:
1730:
3019:
2125:
2018:
1596:
Cary, Max; Wilkes, John (2012). "Moesia". In
Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.).
1822:
1532:
Tsvetelin Stepanov (2019) Waiting for the End of the World: European Dimensions, 950–1200, BRILL, p. 222,
998:
3259:
2502:
1896:
1272:
1188:
With the formation of the Bulgarian ethnicity in the mid-10th century, the Byzantines usually called the
963:
might have been the homeland of the mules. A connection of Mysians with mules is also present already in
615:
422:
2003:
1640:"The onager kings of Anatolia: Hartapus, Gordis, Muška and the steppe strand in early Phrygian culture"
1268:
1337:, 'to suckle'), from a Paleo-Balkan perspective it seems more likely to explain the usage of the name
1062:
In the late 1st century BCE, in Rome a new ideological discourse was formed. Propagated by poets like
3235:
2699:
2641:
2452:
1926:
1731:"Dardania in late antiquity: An overview of 4th-6th century fortification in the territory of Kosovo"
558:
1058:
in 250 AD, divided into the provinces of Moesia Superior to the west and Moesia Inferior to the east
3381:
3039:
3024:
2848:
2577:
2524:
2520:
2482:
2414:
2235:
2063:
2053:
1936:
1901:
1881:
1861:
1498:
Crampton, R. J. A (2005) Concise History of Bulgaria (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, p. 15,
2843:
2790:
2727:
2567:
2557:
2386:
2356:
2008:
1993:
1931:
1846:
1836:
1323:
1212:
581:
17:
3049:
2376:
1981:
1841:
1791:
982:
974:
829:
720:
692:
608:
2083:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
1597:
1580:
3227:
3064:
2833:
2646:
2572:
2165:
1876:
1050:
763:
as an alternative name for the people who lived in the later province of Moesia Superior as
3202:
2719:
2371:
2203:
2173:
2013:
1906:
1216:
432:
767:
communities. This decision in Roman literature is linked to the appropriation of the name
8:
3208:
3163:
2981:
2971:
2633:
2462:
2409:
2404:
2177:
1911:
1886:
1236:
1075:
875:
769:
576:
475:
153:
3059:
3034:
2941:
2916:
2805:
2689:
2539:
2351:
2148:
1998:
1956:
1951:
1752:
1662:
1563:
864:
412:
369:
216:
3186:
2893:
2883:
2878:
2782:
2752:
2549:
2399:
2290:
2280:
2255:
2250:
2043:
2038:
1966:
1961:
1778:
1756:
1702:
1681:
1666:
1624:
1603:
1533:
1516:
1499:
1200:
994:
857:
841:
484:
460:
417:
221:
206:
196:
191:
3122:
3117:
3074:
3029:
2936:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2609:
2346:
2338:
2124:
1971:
1941:
1742:
1654:
1224:
871:
668:
642:
393:
359:
354:
211:
143:
128:
1001:
also bearing the image of a horseman. Both these attestations might indicate that
3494:
3102:
3092:
2999:
2951:
2906:
2825:
2747:
2732:
2651:
2394:
2298:
2270:
2245:
2227:
1856:
1772:
1696:
1675:
1618:
1255:
with a formidable army, and took possession of all the neighbouring provinces of
789:
785:
470:
427:
97:
48:
1098:
mentions the Moesi as a people who raided the inner Balkan provinces of Romans.
3112:
3107:
3097:
3044:
2989:
2800:
2694:
2666:
2656:
2534:
2323:
2318:
2275:
2265:
2188:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
1946:
1866:
1716:
Boteva, Dilyana (2021). Mitthof, Fritz; Cenati, Chiara; Zerbini, Livio (eds.).
879:
708:
89:
31:
3483:
2994:
2946:
2911:
2901:
2810:
2510:
2313:
2308:
2260:
2240:
2169:
2153:
1891:
1871:
1851:
1774:
Les voies et agglomérations romaines au cœur des Balkans: Le cas de la Serbie
1658:
1623:. Archaeopress Roman Archaeology. Vol. 78. Archaeopress Publishing LTD.
1299:
1240:
948:
538:
335:
177:
567:
3464:
3401:
3192:
3009:
3004:
2956:
2742:
2709:
2704:
2529:
2303:
2181:
1916:
1244:
1120:
920:
760:
465:
59:
3215:
3087:
3054:
2966:
2921:
2795:
2737:
2058:
1987:
1921:
1747:
1204:
913:
724:
374:
123:
93:
1567:
1551:
802:
of the Moesi which was reorganized as a Roman colony was located around
3396:
3329:
3082:
2926:
2328:
2157:
2084:
1232:
1189:
1177:
986:
596:
553:
407:
163:
138:
133:
113:
1231:
was descended from the European Moesi whom the people usually know as
3417:
3344:
3321:
3293:
2868:
2757:
2366:
2361:
1976:
890:
751:
never actually existed but the name was transplanted from Asia Minor
533:
455:
252:
186:
148:
118:
1717:
3433:
3367:
3352:
3283:
3214: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
2961:
2931:
2853:
2562:
2477:
2185:
1276:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1228:
1145:
1133:
1116:
960:
940:
803:
747:. Recent research suggests that a Paleo-Balkan people known as the
732:
548:
508:
503:
321:
286:
1698:
The Cambridge Ancient History: The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C—A.D. 69
1074:
past for the Romans, who were claimed to be descendants of Trojan
796:
referred to Moesia Prima, the northern part of Moesia Superior. A
3459:
3454:
3438:
3357:
3334:
3303:
3288:
3158:
3014:
2873:
2815:
2578:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
2472:
2467:
2457:
2033:
1111:
1091:
1079:
944:
820:
798:
764:
756:
752:
493:
446:
402:
364:
349:
281:
261:
108:
38:
1821:
1620:
Ex Asia et Syria Oriental Religions in the Roman Central Balkans
3168:
2048:
2028:
2023:
1264:
1252:
1169:
1099:
1063:
1055:
1034:
952:
740:
728:
586:
513:
437:
384:
344:
316:
311:
306:
248:
158:
103:
85:
67:
3257:
1701:. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press. pp. 545–585.
677:
651:
3275:
2863:
2858:
2838:
1342:
1208:
1129:
1124:
1107:
1010:
969:
964:
956:
909:
543:
301:
296:
276:
271:
266:
257:
1235:. They were displaced in old times by the military force of
1095:
1071:
1067:
1022:
845:
774:
744:
736:
683:
657:
239:
2172:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
1718:"Society and Myths: How was the Name of Moesia Invented?"
1390:
1168:, the original use of the name persisted by authors like
1123:, who moved 50.000 Moesians from coastal Thrace near the
291:
1419:
1417:
1366:
1429:
1207:
region, formerly known as Moesians, were now known as
2608:
1468:
1414:
1402:
1378:
1251:, and after a long time had passed, they crossed the
680:
654:
635:
In Roman literature of the early 1st century CE, the
1552:"The Jebaliyeh of Mount Sinai, and the land of Vlah"
1441:
1013:'. The term has been further compared with Albanian
792:
along the Danube. After the recreation of Dardania,
731:. The Moesi do not appear in ancient sources before
1480:
674:
671:
648:
645:
2202:
1203:(c. 1155 – 1217) wrote that the barbarians of the
1106:considering them to be of the same origin as the
3481:
1616:
1025:', which also finds a correlation with Romanian
1005:means 'horseman' and consequently that the root
959:. Also according to Mayer the northern parts of
3243:
3195:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
2110:
1807:
616:
919:Already in the 19th century German linguist
3218:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
1581:The Ohrid Legend, Demetrios Chomatenos p. 1
1458:
1456:
1322:is usually considered to be inherited from
773:in official Roman ideological discourse as
3250:
3236:
2117:
2103:
1814:
1800:
1595:
1295:List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
1290:List of ancient tribes in Thrace and Dacia
623:
609:
2152:. Provincial administration reformed and
1746:
1673:
1435:
2126:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
1770:
1453:
1049:
1637:
1549:
1423:
1408:
1396:
1384:
14:
3482:
1777:. Scripta Antiqua. Ausonius Éditions.
1715:
1694:
1474:
1462:
1447:
1372:
1219:(c. 1216 - 1236) wrote the following:
30:For the cache coherency protocol, see
3231:
3148:
3147:
2607:
2201:
2137:
2098:
1795:
1045:
814:The ethnic name of the Balkan Μοισοί
1823:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
1728:
1486:
981:, mentioned in a passage written by
818:, as well as of the Anatolian Μυσοί
1199:. Byzantine official and historian
1102:is the first who linked the Balkan
784:was given first to the province of
723:who lived in the region around the
24:
1764:
1617:Gavrilović Vitas, Nadežda (2021).
947:of Anatolia as 'inventors' of the
25:
3506:
1183:
2558:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
2184:in c. 640–660, although in
2072:
824:, seems to be based on the root
667:
641:
58:
2168:established after the death of
1599:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
1589:
1574:
1543:
1526:
1509:
1492:
1239:, from the situated near Brusa
1086:appeared in Roman sources. The
2516:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
2440:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
1771:Petrović, Vladimir P. (2019).
1312:
13:
1:
2583:Tripolitania (Roman province)
2161:
1359:
1070:, it constructed a glorious
7:
3191: Re-established after
2503:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
2138:
1680:. Narodni muzej Slovenije.
1674:Šašel Kos, Marjeta (2005).
1653:(1/2). De Gruyter: 77–128.
1638:Oreshko, Rostislav (2020).
1602:. OUP Oxford. p. 966.
1283:
870:, as well as in almost all
10:
3511:
696:
36:
29:
27:Ancient Paleo-Balkan tribe
3447:
3426:
3410:
3389:
3380:
3343:
3320:
3302:
3274:
3267:
3181:
3164:Quaestura exercitus (536)
3154:
3143:
3073:
2980:
2892:
2824:
2781:
2770:
2718:
2680:
2632:
2621:
2617:
2603:
2548:
2501:
2438:
2427:
2385:
2337:
2289:
2226:
2215:
2211:
2197:
2144:
2133:
2081:
2070:
1832:
1550:Nandriș, John G. (1990).
923:suggested a link between
806:in the first century AD.
3490:Ancient tribes in Serbia
3040:Palaestina III Salutaris
2236:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
1862:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
1659:10.1515/kadmos-2020-0005
1305:
989:horse sacrifice, and in
977:evidence can be seen in
935:as a suffixal formation
852:(virtually identical to
47:This article is part of
37:Not to be confused with
3207: Placed under the
2568:Mauretania Caesariensis
2387:Diocese of the Britains
2009:Mauretania Caesariensis
1556:Quaderni di Studi Arabi
1180:in the 3rd century CE.
836:; also the ethnic name
809:
3050:Phoenice II Libanensis
2753:Macedonia II Salutaris
2166:praetorian prefectures
2128:(4th–7th centuries AD)
1982:Hispania Tarraconensis
1735:Archaeologia Adriatica
1271:, and a great part of
1059:
712:
2772:Praetorian prefecture
2647:Noricum mediterraneum
2623:Praetorian prefecture
2573:Mauretania Sitifensis
2468:Picenum Suburbicarium
2429:Praetorian prefecture
2217:Praetorian prefecture
2164: 293. Permanent
1053:
3203:Diocese of Illyricum
3197:Prefecture of Africa
2952:Galatia II Salutaris
2720:Diocese of Macedonia
2610:Eastern Roman Empire
2372:Mauretania Tingitana
2204:Western Roman Empire
2014:Mauretania Tingitana
1907:Corsica and Sardinia
1847:Africa proconsularis
1748:10.15291/archeo.3392
1677:Appian and Illyricum
1217:Demetrios Chomatenos
1038:was named after the
727:to the south of the
433:Battle of Callinicus
3209:Quaestura exercitus
2982:Diocese of the East
2972:Pontus Polemoniacus
2634:Diocese of Pannonia
2463:Lucania et Bruttium
2410:Maxima Caesariensis
2405:Flavia Caesariensis
1912:Crete and Cyrenaica
1887:Bithynia and Pontus
1729:Rama, Zana (2021).
1399:, pp. 77, 116.
1375:, pp. 579–580.
1329:, related to PAlb.
1237:Alexander the Great
1195:, and their lands,
1139:As the name of the
997:inscription on the
973:. Further relevant
876:Old Church Slavonic
721:Paleo-Balkan people
577:Thracian Bulgarians
476:Justinian the Great
3060:Syria II Salutaris
2917:Armenian Satrapies
2690:Dacia Mediterranea
2612:(395–c. 640)
2540:Venetia et Histria
2448:Apulia et Calabria
2149:Notitia Dignitatum
1999:Lycia et Pamphylia
1977:Hispania Lusitania
1957:Gallia Narbonensis
1952:Gallia Lugdunensis
1227:and a luminary of
1060:
1046:Ancient literature
832:word for 'horse',
788:and expanded into
413:Greco-Persian Wars
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3376:
3375:
3262:by cultural group
3225:
3224:
3187:Septem Provinciae
3177:
3176:
3149:Other territories
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
2922:Armenia III (536)
2894:Diocese of Pontus
2884:Phrygia Salutaris
2879:Phrygia Pacatiana
2783:Diocese of Thrace
2766:
2765:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2550:Diocese of Africa
2423:
2422:
2291:Diocese of Vienne
2281:Maxima Sequanorum
2193:
2192:
2092:
2091:
2044:Pannonia Superior
2039:Pannonia Inferior
1967:Germania Superior
1962:Germania Inferior
1826:
1630:978-1-78969-914-2
1609:978-0-19-954556-8
1504:978-0-521-61637-9
1215:priest and judge
1201:Niketas Choniates
999:Duvanli gold ring
985:in relation to a
979:Iuppiter Menzanas
633:
632:
461:Third Servile War
423:Wars of Alexander
418:Peloponnesian War
16:(Redirected from
3502:
3387:
3386:
3272:
3271:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3201: Later the
3185: Later the
3145:
3144:
3123:Thebais Inferior
3118:Thebais Superior
3075:Diocese of Egypt
3065:Theodorias (528)
2927:Armenia IV (536)
2779:
2778:
2682:Diocese of Dacia
2672:Valeria ripensis
2630:
2629:
2619:
2618:
2605:
2604:
2488:Tuscia et Umbria
2436:
2435:
2339:Diocese of Spain
2224:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2199:
2198:
2163:
2146:As found in the
2135:
2134:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2076:
1972:Hispania Baetica
1942:Gallia Aquitania
1824:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1760:
1750:
1725:
1712:
1691:
1670:
1644:
1634:
1613:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1547:
1541:
1530:
1524:
1513:
1507:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1353:
1316:
1213:eastern orthodox
1032:The province of
878:мьзгъ or мьскъ,
872:Slavic languages
698:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
625:
618:
611:
360:Odrysian Kingdom
70:
62:
51:
44:
43:
21:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3469:
3443:
3422:
3406:
3372:
3339:
3316:
3298:
3263:
3256:
3226:
3221:
3173:
3150:
3127:
3103:Augustamnica II
3069:
2976:
2888:
2826:Diocese of Asia
2820:
2773:
2762:
2748:Macedonia Prima
2714:
2676:
2652:Noricum ripense
2624:
2613:
2587:
2544:
2497:
2430:
2419:
2381:
2333:
2299:Alpes Maritimae
2285:
2271:Lugdunensis III
2228:Diocese of Gaul
2218:
2207:
2206:(395–476)
2189:
2156:established by
2140:
2129:
2123:
2093:
2088:
2077:
2068:
2029:Moesia Superior
2024:Moesia Inferior
1857:Alpes Maritimae
1828:
1820:
1785:
1767:
1765:Further reading
1709:
1688:
1642:
1631:
1610:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1575:
1548:
1544:
1531:
1527:
1514:
1510:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1286:
1186:
1048:
943:mentioning the
931:. He perceived
812:
790:Moesia Inferior
786:Moesia Superior
670:
666:
644:
640:
629:
582:Thracian Greeks
471:Maximinus Thrax
428:Battle of Issus
68:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3260:ancient Serbia
3255:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3113:Libya Inferior
3110:
3108:Libya Superior
3105:
3100:
3098:Augustamnica I
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Lycaonia (370)
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Dacia Ripensis
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2615:
2614:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Carthaginensis
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2324:Novempopulania
2321:
2319:Narbonensis II
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2276:Lugdunensis IV
2273:
2268:
2266:Lugdunensis II
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2209:
2208:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:Gallia Belgica
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Arabia Petraea
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1783:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1726:
1713:
1707:
1692:
1686:
1671:
1635:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1542:
1525:
1521:978-0472081493
1508:
1491:
1489:, p. 114.
1479:
1477:, p. 408.
1467:
1452:
1450:, p. 410.
1440:
1438:, p. 488.
1436:Šašel Kos 2005
1428:
1426:, p. 118.
1413:
1411:, p. 117.
1401:
1389:
1387:, p. 116.
1377:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1348:into Albanian
1324:Proto-Albanian
1318:Although Alb.
1310:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1245:Northern Ocean
1225:father of ours
1185:
1184:Medieval usage
1182:
1047:
1044:
880:Serbo-Croatian
811:
808:
719:) appear as a
631:
630:
628:
627:
620:
613:
605:
602:
601:
600:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
571:
570:
564:
563:
562:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
488:
487:
481:
480:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
450:
449:
443:
442:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
397:
396:
390:
389:
388:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
339:
338:
332:
331:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
255:
246:
234:
233:
227:
226:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
181:
180:
174:
173:
172:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
80:
79:
73:
72:
64:
63:
55:
54:
32:MOESI protocol
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3507:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3146:
3142:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3035:Palaestina II
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:Cappadocia II
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:Armenia Maior
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Alpes Cottiae
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2377:Tarraconensis
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Narbonensis I
2312:
2310:
2309:Aquitanica II
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2261:Lugdunensis I
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2170:Constantine I
2167:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2086:
2080:
2075:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:Alpes Cottiae
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1786:
1784:9782356133243
1780:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1465:, p. 411
1464:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1437:
1432:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1300:Daco-Thracian
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:mount Olympus
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:of northwest
1114:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
949:interbreeding
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:and Albanian
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
892:
888:
884:
881:
877:
873:
869:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:
817:
807:
805:
801:
800:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
694:
693:Ancient Greek
688:
662:
638:
626:
621:
619:
614:
612:
607:
606:
604:
603:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
572:
569:
566:
565:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
489:
486:
483:
482:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
453:
452:
451:
448:
445:
444:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
399:
398:
395:
392:
391:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
341:
340:
337:
334:
333:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
259:
256:
254:
250:
247:
245:
241:
238:
237:
236:
235:
232:
229:
228:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
183:
182:
179:
176:
175:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
83:
82:
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
66:
65:
61:
57:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3465:Tricornenses
3402:Tricornenses
3362:
3311:
3169:Spania (552)
3030:Palaestina I
3010:Euphratensis
2957:Helenopontus
2937:Cappadocia I
2844:Hellespontus
2743:Epirus Vetus
2710:Praevalitana
2625:of Illyricum
2415:Valentia (?)
2400:Britannia II
2304:Aquitanica I
2182:theme system
2147:
1986:
1773:
1738:
1734:
1721:
1697:
1676:
1650:
1646:
1619:
1598:
1590:Bibliography
1576:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1528:
1511:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1443:
1431:
1424:Oreshko 2020
1409:Oreshko 2020
1404:
1397:Oreshko 2020
1392:
1385:Oreshko 2020
1380:
1368:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1223:"This great
1222:
1221:
1211:. Byzantine
1196:
1192:
1187:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1121:Aelius Catus
1110:
1103:
1087:
1083:
1061:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
990:
978:
975:Paleo-Balkan
968:
936:
932:
928:
924:
921:Gustav Meyer
918:
905:
901:
897:
893:
886:
882:
867:
860:
853:
849:
837:
833:
830:Paleo-Balkan
825:
819:
815:
813:
797:
793:
781:
779:
768:
748:
716:
704:
700:
636:
634:
466:Thraco-Roman
447:Roman Thrace
243:
202:Construction
3216:Justinian I
3088:Aegyptus II
3020:Mesopotamia
2967:Paphlagonia
2796:Haemimontus
2774:of the East
2738:Epirus Nova
2662:Pannonia II
2395:Britannia I
2256:Germania II
2087:'s reforms.
2019:Mesopotamia
1475:Boteva 2021
1463:Boteva 2021
1448:Boteva 2021
1373:Wilkes 1996
1172:. The name
1003:*me(n)zana-
914:Old Russian
828:, from the
725:Timok River
592:Archaeology
375:Seuthes III
124:Seuthopolis
3484:Categories
3397:Cornacates
3330:Autariatae
3258:Tribes of
3193:reconquest
3083:Aegyptus I
3045:Phoenice I
3000:Cilicia II
2907:Armenia II
2657:Pannonia I
2329:Viennensis
2251:Germania I
2246:Belgica II
2186:Asia Minor
2158:Diocletian
2085:Diocletian
1897:Cappadocia
1708:0521264308
1687:961616936X
1538:9004409939
1360:References
1352:('horse').
1339:*me(n)-za-
1333:(cf. Alb.
1233:Bulgarians
1190:Bulgarians
1178:Diocletian
1150:Dardanians
1076:Dardanians
844:word for '
703:or Μυσοί,
597:Thracology
539:Zbelthourd
408:Trojan War
164:Singidunum
139:Samothrace
114:Perperikon
3418:Albocense
3294:Scordisci
3268:Pre-Roman
2995:Cilicia I
2947:Galatia I
2902:Armenia I
2869:Pamphylia
2801:Moesia II
2758:Thessalia
2535:Raetia II
2367:Lusitania
2362:Gallaecia
2352:Balearica
2241:Belgica I
2004:Macedonia
1892:Britannia
1757:244293507
1667:235451836
1487:Rama 2021
1273:Macedonia
1269:Illyricum
1243:, to the
1007:*me(n)za-
987:Messapian
937:*mus-k-o-
891:Old Czech
865:Aromanian
834:*me(n)za-
780:The name
534:Asclepius
485:Mythology
456:Spartacus
217:Mysteries
149:Pulpudeva
119:Byzantion
77:Geography
3448:Thracian
3434:Amantini
3427:Illyrian
3368:Triballi
3353:Agrianes
3345:Thracian
3322:Illyrian
3284:Celegeri
2962:Honorias
2932:Bithynia
2705:Moesia I
2700:Dardania
2642:Dalmatia
2563:Byzacena
2530:Raetia I
2478:Sardinia
2453:Campania
2431:of Italy
2154:dioceses
1927:Dalmatia
1842:Aegyptus
1825:(117 AD)
1568:25802668
1346:caballus
1327:*mandja-
1284:See also
1277:Thessaly
1261:Dalmatia
1257:Pannonia
1249:Dead Sea
1247:and the
1229:Bulgaria
1174:Dardania
1166:Dardania
1160:for the
1146:Tiberius
1134:Triballi
1132:and the
1117:Anatolia
995:Thracian
991:ΜΕΖΗΝΑ̣Ι
961:Anatolia
951:between
941:Anacreon
858:Romanian
850:mushk(ë)
842:Albanian
804:Ratiaria
733:Augustus
554:Pleistor
549:Derzelas
509:Zalmoxis
504:Sabazios
197:Religion
192:Language
159:Uskudama
50:a series
3460:Timachi
3455:Galabri
3439:Galabri
3358:Dardani
3335:Dardani
3289:Dindari
3159:Taurica
3093:Arcadia
3055:Syria I
3025:Osroene
3015:Isauria
2874:Pisidia
2849:Islands
2816:Thracia
2811:Scythia
2806:Rhodope
2525:Aemilia
2521:Liguria
2493:Valeria
2483:Sicilia
2473:Samnium
2458:Corsica
2347:Baetica
2219:of Gaul
2174:Ravenna
2139:History
2064:Thracia
2054:Sicilia
2034:Noricum
1937:Galatia
1902:Cilicia
1882:Assyria
1872:Armenia
1320:mëz/mâz
1162:Dardani
1141:Dardani
1108:Homeric
1092:Mysians
1080:Dardani
1009:means '
993:from a
945:Mysians
887:maz(a)g
861:muşcoiu
854:Muška/i
799:civitas
770:Dardani
765:Dardani
759:by the
757:Balkans
755:to the
753:Mysians
529:Apellon
499:Zagreus
494:Orpheus
403:Peltast
394:Warfare
370:Cotys I
365:Teres I
350:Phineus
336:History
322:Bebrici
287:Agriani
262:Bithyni
212:Warfare
178:Culture
144:Serdika
109:Phrygia
18:Moesian
3495:Moesia
3411:Dacian
3390:Celtic
3304:Dacian
3276:Celtic
3211:in 536
3005:Cyprus
2990:Arabia
2791:Europa
2728:Achaea
2178:Africa
2049:Raetia
1994:Iudaea
1988:Italia
1932:Epirus
1917:Cyprus
1837:Achaia
1781:
1755:
1705:
1684:
1665:
1647:Kadmos
1627:
1606:
1566:
1562:: 59.
1536:
1519:
1502:
1265:Thrace
1253:Danube
1209:Vlachs
1205:Haemus
1197:Moesia
1170:Appian
1154:Moesia
1100:Strabo
1072:Trojan
1064:Horace
1056:Moesia
1054:Roman
1035:Moesia
983:Festus
794:Moesia
782:Moesia
775:Trojan
761:Romans
741:Strabo
729:Danube
717:Moesae
701:Moisoí
697:Μοισοί
587:Pomaks
568:Legacy
524:Hermes
514:Bendis
438:Thraex
385:Skudra
380:Rulers
355:Rhesus
345:Tereus
327:Tribes
317:Trausi
312:Pieres
253:Phrygi
231:Tribes
222:Emblem
187:People
169:Cities
134:Pyrgos
129:Sintia
104:Moesia
86:Thrace
69:Thrace
3382:Roman
3363:Moesi
3312:Moesi
2864:Lydia
2859:Lycia
2839:Caria
2733:Creta
2667:Savia
2059:Syria
1922:Dacia
1753:S2CID
1663:S2CID
1643:(PDF)
1564:JSTOR
1343:Latin
1331:*mänd
1306:Notes
1193:Moesi
1158:Moesi
1130:Getae
1125:Getae
1104:Moesi
1088:Moesi
1084:Moesi
1040:Moesi
1011:horse
970:Iliad
965:Homer
957:mares
953:jacks
933:mushk
929:mushk
925:Μυσοί
910:hinny
902:mezek
883:mazak
874:(cf.
868:musca
838:Muška
821:Mysoi
816:Moesi
749:Moesi
713:Moesi
709:Latin
705:Mysoí
637:Moesi
544:Kotys
307:Satri
302:Edoni
277:Getae
272:Bessi
267:Maedi
258:Thyni
249:Brygi
244:Moesi
154:Varna
98:North
2834:Asia
2176:and
1877:Asia
1779:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1517:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1350:kalë
1335:mënd
1275:and
1267:and
1164:and
1156:and
1112:Mysi
1096:Ovid
1068:Ovid
1066:and
1027:mînz
1023:foal
955:and
906:mezk
898:mzha
894:mesh
863:and
846:mule
826:Masa
810:Name
745:Livy
743:and
737:Ovid
559:Gods
519:Ares
297:Asti
282:Daci
240:Mysi
94:East
90:West
39:Mysi
2523:et
1743:doi
1655:doi
1019:mâz
1017:or
1015:mëz
967:'s
912:',
885:or
856:),
715:or
665:or
292:Dii
207:Art
3486::
2162:c.
2160:,
1751:.
1741:.
1739:14
1737:.
1733:.
1720:.
1661:.
1651:59
1649:.
1645:.
1558:.
1554:.
1455:^
1416:^
1279:."
1263:,
1259:,
1042:.
1029:.
904:,
900:,
896:,
889:,
848:'
739:,
711::
707:;
699:,
695::
691:;
684:aɪ
678:iː
658:aɪ
652:iː
96:,
92:,
53:on
3251:e
3244:t
3237:v
2118:e
2111:t
2104:v
1815:e
1808:t
1801:v
1787:.
1759:.
1745::
1724:.
1711:.
1690:.
1669:.
1657::
1633:.
1612:.
1570:.
1560:8
1540:.
1523:.
1506:.
1021:'
908:'
687:/
681:z
675:m
672:ˈ
669:/
661:/
655:s
649:m
646:ˈ
643:/
639:(
624:e
617:t
610:v
260:-
251:-
242:-
100:)
88:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
