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195:, was promoted as a true account of travels in the tunnels and interviews with tunnel dwellers. The book helped canonize the image of the mole people as an ordered society living literally under people's feet. However, few claims in her book have been verified, and it includes inaccurate geographical information, numerous factual errors, and an apparent reliance on largely unprovable statements. The strongest criticism came from
285:
According to media reports, the people living in the tunnels underneath Las Vegas have managed to furnish their "rooms". In one ABC News report from 2009, a couple, who had been living in the tunnels for five years, had furnished their home with a bed, bookcase and even a makeshift shower. The
209:
contacted Toth in 2004, and noted the large amount of unverifiability in her stories, while declaring that the book's accounts seemed to be truthful. A later article, after contact with
Brennan, was more skeptical of Toth's truthfulness.
282:, it is estimated a thousand homeless people find shelter in the storm drains underneath the city for protection from extreme temperatures that exceed 115 °F (46 °C) while dropping below 30 °F (−1 °C) in winter.
302:
According to the Clark County
Regional Flood Control District, the valley has about 450 miles (720 km) of flood control channels and tunnels, and about 300 miles (480 km) of those are underground.
289:
Many tunnel inhabitants have been turned away from the limited charities in Las Vegas. Matt O'Brien, a local author who spent nearly five years exploring life beneath the city to write the book
681:
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tunnels are prone to flooding, which can be extremely dangerous for the tunnel's residents. Most lose their belongings regularly, and there have been some reported deaths.
390:
features communities of people living underground in New York City, including the "mole people" who live in the lowest parts. Jennifer Toth's book is cited by the author.
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to help the homeless people taking refuge in the tunnels. The charity helps tunnel residents by providing supplies, such as underwear, bottled water, and food.
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historian Joseph
Brennan, who declared, "Every fact in this book that I can verify independently is wrong."
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734:– Jennifer Toth, The Mole People: Life in the Tunnels Beneath New York City – Chicago Review Press, 1993.
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Straight Dope article: Are there really "Mole People" living under the streets of New York City?
425:"Dark Days: How a Manhattan Homeless Community Helped Make the Year's Most Stirring Documentary"
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609:. Oakland, CA: PM press. pp. 320, includes one map and one 16-page b&w photo insert.
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Media accounts have reported "mole people" living underneath other cities as well. In the
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is also about the inhabitants of the
Freedom Tunnel, where Voeten lived for five months.
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540:"Are there really "Mole People" living under the streets of New York City?"
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330:, the exploration of man-made structures including tunnels as a hobby
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101:
Demolished shanty housing once used by the homeless in
Manhattan's
408:
Pat
Hartnan (14 December 2010). "Homeless People Go Underground".
161:, follows a group of people living in an abandoned section of the
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Other journalists have focused on the underground homeless in
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deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
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495:
The Mole People: Life in the
Tunnels Beneath New York City
187:
The Mole People: Life in the
Tunnels Beneath New York City
580:. New Haven, London: Yale University Press. p. 169.
498:. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Review Press, Incorporated.
19:
This article is about homeless people. For the film, see
2575:
157:, a 2000 documentary feature film by British filmmaker
147:
718:
659:"I-Team: 'Beneath the Neon' -- Underground Las Vegas"
458:"INTERVIEW: Dark Days: The Ultimate Underground Film"
2415:
Southern
African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
679:
694:
602:
3073:
743:Straight Dope article: The Mole People revisited
715:
682:"The Fiery End of a Life Lived Beneath the City"
1135:International Year of Shelter for the Homeless
128:people living under large cities in abandoned
2561:
1576:
781:
254:in the year 2000, and a similar documentary,
248:. Filmmaker Marc Singer made the documentary
47:The examples and perspective in this article
634:"Under Las Vegas: Tunnels Stretch for Miles"
594:
2390:Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
407:
2568:
2554:
2363:History of hard rock miners' organizations
1583:
1569:
788:
774:
343:, fictional subterranean land in works by
23:. For the science fiction characters, see
693:Landowne, Youme; Horton, Anthony (2008).
189:, written while she was an intern at the
85:Learn how and when to remove this message
2348:American Society of Reclamation Sciences
2195:North American Aerospace Defense Command
680:Haughney, Christine (February 6, 2012).
449:
223:
96:
578:The Tunnel. The Architecture of Despair
518:
455:
422:
3074:
600:
575:
16:People who live in tunnels underground
2549:
1564:
769:
732:NYU Portfolio Review: The Mole People
556:
537:
416:
488:
33:
701:. El Paso, TX: Cinco Puntos Press.
423:Debruge, Peter (10 November 2000).
148:In documentary film and non-fiction
13:
2953:Naples underground geothermal zone
2288:Journey to the Center of the Earth
2190:Naples underground geothermal zone
673:
14:
3128:
2405:Research Centre for Deep Drilling
2400:International Union of Speleology
725:
470:from the original on 13 June 2017
260:, was released in 2008. In 2010,
3097:Urban decay in the United States
1547:
1546:
795:
124:) is sometimes used to describe
38:
2395:Institution of Mining Engineers
2160:Underground Great Wall of China
1590:
651:
626:
456:Goodman, Amy (30 August 2000).
2999:Forestiere Underground Gardens
2862:Underground mining (soft rock)
2857:Underground mining (hard rock)
2842:Subsurface utility engineering
2410:Society of Economic Geologists
2378:National Speleological Society
2328:Wonderland (fictional country)
1145:Youth Homelessness Matters Day
550:
531:
512:
482:
401:
1:
1835:Subterranean rivers of London
889:Anti-homelessness legislation
394:
2852:Underground mine ventilation
2368:National Mine Map Repository
1810:Jewel Cave National Monument
748:Joseph Brennan – Fantasy in
273:
220:Storm drain § Residence
7:
3009:Underground House Las Vegas
2373:National Mining Association
2200:Raven Rock Mountain Complex
1052:Homeless Friendly Precincts
756:Teun Voeten – Tunnel People
559:"The Mole People revisited"
557:Adams, Cecil (2004-03-05).
538:Adams, Cecil (2004-01-09).
352:, a recurring character on
306:
61:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3133:
3004:Underground House Colorado
2933:Underground City, Montreal
2928:Underground City (Beijing)
2313:Tunnels in popular culture
2155:Underground City, Montreal
2150:Underground City (Beijing)
2095:816 Nuclear Military Plant
1825:Mammoth Cave National Park
334:
217:
18:
3048:
3035:Hockerton Housing Project
3022:
2986:
2870:
2818:
2756:
2615:
2584:
2576:Man-made and man-related
2423:
2340:
2265:
2244:
2237:
2120:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
2087:
1864:
1857:
1787:
1605:
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1514:
1479:
1448:
1400:
1382:Eastern European children
1374:
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1299:
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1157:
1112:
1060:
1007:
957:
881:
803:
716:Morton, Margaret (1995).
576:Morton, Margaret (1995).
228:Entry into the Las Vegas
213:
29:Mole Men (disambiguation)
3087:Culture of New York City
3049:Earth shelters Australia
2829:underground construction
2486:Underground construction
2358:Cave Research Foundation
1120:Homelessness Action Week
720:. Yale University Press.
519:Brennan, Joseph (1996).
383:La Promesse des ténèbres
297:Shine A Light Foundation
3082:Subterranea (geography)
2789:Missile launch facility
1972:Missile launch facility
1845:Wind Cave National Park
1217:Latin American children
3014:Underground World Home
2125:Chicago Tunnel Company
1764:Subterranean waterfall
1140:Street Child World Cup
1125:Homeless Persons' Week
565:. Chicago Reader, Inc.
546:. Chicago Reader, Inc.
240:as well. Photographer
233:
144:, and heating shafts.
105:
27:. For other uses, see
21:The Mole People (film)
2903:Kőbánya cellar system
2898:Houston tunnel system
2837:Rock-cut architecture
2140:Kőbánya cellar system
2130:Houston tunnel system
2110:Almadén Mercury Mines
2105:The Caves of Ægissíða
1088:Single-room occupancy
980:Homelessness services
601:Voeten, Teun (2010).
257:Voices in the Tunnels
227:
165:, in the area called
100:
25:Mole people (fiction)
2978:Subterranean fiction
2973:Subterranean warfare
2535:Subterranean warfare
2308:Subterranea (comics)
2293:Moria (Middle-earth)
2273:Allegory of the cave
2257:Subterranean fiction
1307:Bangladeshi children
1104:Transitional housing
430:The Austin Chronicle
410:Housethehomeless.com
377:based on the concept
244:made the photo book
197:New York City Subway
163:New York City Subway
67:create a new article
59:improve this article
2968:Subterranean Toledo
2963:Subterranean London
2883:Caves of Maastricht
2847:Tunnel construction
2628:Burial vault (tomb)
2491:Tunnel construction
2215:Subterranean Toledo
2210:Subterranean London
2100:Caves of Maastricht
929:Vulnerability Index
761:Narratively article
437:on 20 December 2002
313:Avinguda de la Llum
3102:Underground cities
2923:Underground living
2805:Underground hangar
2513:Mining engineering
2498:Underground living
2323:Underland (Narnia)
2238:Fictional features
2017:Underground hangar
1759:Subterranean river
1754:Subterranean fauna
1130:Homeless World Cup
686:The New York Times
323:Underground living
234:
106:
3107:Urban exploration
3069:
3068:
3023:Earth shelters UK
2994:Bill Gates' house
2987:Earth shelters US
2757:Military features
2748:Ventilation shaft
2616:Civilian features
2543:
2542:
2431:Cave conservation
2336:
2335:
2233:
2232:
2079:Ventilation shaft
1858:Man-made features
1853:
1852:
1558:
1557:
1540:
1539:
1510:
1509:
1354:Filipino children
1184:Ghanaian children
1153:
1152:
1030:Four penny coffin
975:Homeless ministry
708:978-1-933693-06-4
616:978-1-60486-070-2
563:The Straight Dope
544:The Straight Dope
328:Urban exploration
206:The Straight Dope
192:Los Angeles Times
169:. Anthropologist
95:
94:
87:
69:, as appropriate.
3124:
3030:Underhill, Holme
2938:Mine exploration
2800:Underground base
2795:Scallywag bunker
2764:Air raid shelter
2743:Smuggling tunnel
2708:Underground city
2648:Dugout (shelter)
2585:Natural features
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2508:Mine exploration
2283:Greek Underworld
2242:
2241:
2220:Turda Salt Mines
2205:Shanghai tunnels
2069:Smuggling tunnel
2012:Underground base
2007:Underground city
1922:Dugout (shelter)
1872:Air raid shelter
1862:
1861:
1820:Lechuguilla Cave
1800:Castellana Caves
1769:Underground lake
1603:
1602:
1599:Natural features
1585:
1578:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1550:
1549:
1527:Papua New Guinea
1372:
1371:
1164:
1163:
1083:Right to housing
1078:Rapid Re-Housing
1015:Homeless shelter
1005:
1004:
992:Street newspaper
944:Social cleansing
790:
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447:
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442:
433:. Archived from
420:
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405:
292:Beneath the Neon
280:Las Vegas Valley
90:
83:
79:
76:
70:
42:
41:
34:
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3092:Homeless people
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3061:Lightning Ridge
3044:
3018:
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2784:Fallout shelter
2752:
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2539:
2419:
2332:
2261:
2229:
2135:Kosvinsky Kamen
2083:
1942:Fallout shelter
1912:Crypt Mausoleum
1849:
1840:Veryovkina Cave
1830:Reed Flute Cave
1783:
1690:Solutional cave
1638:Communal burrow
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1045:Women's shelter
1003:
970:Hygiene program
953:
919:Popular culture
914:Patient dumping
877:
841:Street children
799:
794:
750:The Mole People
728:
709:
676:
674:Further reading
671:
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638:abcnews.go.com/
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523:The Mole People
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345:H. P. Lovecraft
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318:Sewer alligator
309:
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242:Margaret Morton
222:
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122:tunnel dwellers
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2943:Mines of Paris
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2918:Trench warfare
2915:
2913:Tunnel network
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2908:Tunnel warfare
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2478:
2476:Tunnel network
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2471:Tunnel warfare
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2424:Related topics
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2180:Mount Yamantau
2177:
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2170:Mines of Paris
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185:'s 1993 book
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183:Jennifer Toth
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176:Tunnel People
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116:(also called
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2738:Storm cellar
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2436:Cave dweller
2298:Nome Kingdom
2252:Hollow Earth
2165:Maginot Line
2064:Storm cellar
1882:Burial vault
1744:Rock shelter
1655:Glacier cave
1471:Vatican City
1189:South Africa
1035:Penny sit-up
965:Soup kitchen
939:Survival sex
924:Spirituality
899:Bumvertising
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797:Homelessness
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641:. Retrieved
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521:"Fantasy in
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472:. Retrieved
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439:. Retrieved
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355:The Simpsons
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350:Hans Moleman
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3112:Urban decay
3056:Coober Pedy
2948:Mole people
2893:Coober Pedy
2810:Spider hole
2693:Root cellar
2578:subterranea
2518:Mole people
2503:Mine rescue
2451:Cave rescue
2441:Cave diving
2185:Mogao Caves
2115:Coober Pedy
2074:Spider hole
2052:Septic tank
1992:Root cellar
1643:Paleoburrow
1592:Subterranea
1532:New Zealand
1502:Switzerland
1497:Netherlands
1349:North Korea
1269:Minneapolis
831:Mole people
811:Aged people
697:Pitch Black
441:20 December
375:Neil Gaiman
262:Teun Voeten
201:Cecil Adams
171:Teun Voeten
159:Marc Singer
114:mole people
112:, the term
3076:Categories
2530:Speleology
2523:in fiction
2303:Pellucidar
2145:Kome Caves
1795:Balve Cave
1739:Pit crater
1695:Talus cave
1618:Ant colony
1274:New Mexico
1242:California
1227:LGBT youth
1159:By country
395:References
380:The novel
370:Neverwhere
264:published
246:The Tunnel
218:See also:
3117:Squatting
2824:quarrying
2718:Wine cave
2638:Catacombs
2446:Cave gate
2318:Underdark
2266:Exemplars
2088:Exemplars
2027:Wine cave
1902:Catacombs
1788:Exemplars
1685:Show cave
1675:Lava tube
1670:Lava cave
1522:Australia
1329:Indonesia
1289:Elsewhere
1210:Vancouver
1113:Awareness
1099:Tent city
1094:Squatting
958:Responses
826:McRefugee
463:IndieWire
274:Las Vegas
251:Dark Days
154:Dark Days
75:July 2018
63:talk page
2779:Casemate
2733:Stepwell
2673:Hypogeum
2663:Erdstall
2653:Dry well
2633:Borehole
2623:Basement
2607:Sinkhole
2059:Stepwell
2047:Sewerage
1957:Hypogeum
1937:Erdstall
1927:Dry well
1907:Casemate
1887:Borehole
1877:Basement
1749:Sinkhole
1680:Pit Cave
1665:Ice cave
1552:Category
1461:Portugal
1438:Scotland
1322:children
1259:Columbus
1254:Colorado
1232:Veterans
1198:Americas
1008:Shelters
851:Vagrants
821:Families
663:8newsnow
492:(1993).
468:Archived
307:See also
173:'s book
134:railroad
126:homeless
57:You may
3040:Malator
2958:Sapping
2678:Manhole
2643:Dungeon
2353:Bergamt
2278:Batcave
2225:Yaodong
1962:Manhole
1952:Foxhole
1917:Dungeon
1623:Aquifer
1515:Oceania
1492:Germany
1433:England
1418:Ireland
1413:Finland
1408:Denmark
1387:Hungary
1284:Seattle
1264:Florida
1174:Algeria
1061:Housing
643:23 July
474:13 June
341:K'n-yan
335:Fiction
232:tunnels
108:In the
2820:Mining
2791:(silo)
2769:Bunker
2698:Tunnel
2602:Grotto
2597:Cenote
2461:Caving
2383:Grotto
1997:Tunnel
1982:Quarry
1892:Bunker
1779:Warren
1702:Cenote
1660:Grotto
1628:Burrow
1613:Alcove
1487:France
1456:Greece
1423:Sweden
1392:Russia
1368:Europe
1339:Israel
1279:Oregon
1205:Canada
1167:Africa
1068:Foyers
882:Issues
861:Tramps
856:Bergie
804:People
705:
613:
584:
502:
214:Cities
130:subway
2826:, and
2668:Fogou
2245:Types
1947:Fogou
1865:Types
1707:Karst
1606:Types
1466:Spain
1449:South
1401:North
1344:Japan
1317:India
1312:China
1237:Women
1179:Egypt
1090:(SRO)
873:Youth
866:Hobos
138:flood
65:, or
2713:Well
2592:Cave
2022:Well
1967:Mine
1727:Nest
1650:Cave
1480:West
1375:East
1334:Iraq
1300:Asia
997:List
985:List
934:Pets
703:ISBN
645:2020
611:ISBN
582:ISBN
500:ISBN
476:2017
443:2002
1732:Bee
386:by
203:'s
120:or
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