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An application of encapsulation is controlling reactivity, spectroscopy, and structure. For instance, excited state reactivity of free 1-phenyl-3-tolyl-2-proponanone (abbreviated A-CO-B) yields products A-A, B-B, and AB, which result from decarbonylation followed by random recombination of radicals
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An important implication of encapsulation is that the guest behaves differently from the way it would when in solution. The guest molecule tends to be unreactive and often has distinctive spectroscopic signatures. Compounds normally highly unstable in solution, such as
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is the confinement of a guest molecule inside the cavity of a supramolecular host molecule (molecular capsule, molecular container or cage compounds). Examples of supramolecular host molecule include
203:, a sugar derivate. In this way, encapsuled in small capsules, the fluid can be handled as a powder. The cyclodextrines can absorb an estimated 60 percent of their own weight in alcohol. A US
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at room temperature by encapsulating it within a hemicarcerand. Isolation of cyclobutadiene allowed chemists to experimentally confirm one of the most fundamental predictions of the rules of
156:, contain a conformationally flexible cavity that allows them to host a variety of guest molecules. These assemblies have shown promise as agents of drug delivery to cancer cells.
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A• and B•. Whereas, the same substrate upon encapsulation reacts to yield the controlled recombination product A-B, and rearranged products (isomers of A-CO-B).
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cations. The ruthenium compound decomposes in water within minutes but encapsulated it survives in water for weeks.
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Fraser Hof; Stephen L. Craig; Colin
Nuckolls; Julius Rebek Jr. (May 3, 2002). "Molecular Encapsulation".
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One of the first examples of encapsulating a structure at the molecular level was demonstrated by
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ligand (red) and a 1,3,7-octatriene ligand (blue). The total charge for this anion is 11 and the
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The
Encapsulation Phenomenon Synthesis, Reactivity and Applications of Caged Ions and Molecules
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Stabilization of
Reactive Organometallic Intermediates Inside a Self-Assembled Nanoscale Host
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or cycloheptatetraene, have been isolated at room temperature when molecularly encapsulated.
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10.1002/1521-3773(20020503)41:9<1488::AID-ANIE1488>3.0.CO;2-G
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Udo
Pollmer of the European Institute of Food and Nutrition Sciences in
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276:"Controlling Photochemistry with Distinct Hydrophobic Nanoenvironments"
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and coworkers; they were able to isolate highly unstable, antiaromatic
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Molecular encapsulation of a nitrobenzene bound within a
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Dorothea
Fiedler, Robert G. Bergman, Kenneth N. Raymond
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has been registered for the process as early as 1974.
235:Yan Voloshin, Irina Belaya, Roland Krämer (2016).
39:Container molecule. Green: Ga cluster, L = ligand,
16:Confinement of a molecule within a larger molecule
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322:, Westdeutsche Zeitung, 28 October 2004 (German)
31:and coworkers in Chem. Commun., 1997, 1303-1304.
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199:, alcohol can be molecularly encapsulated in
259:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
332:Preparation of an Alcohol Containing Powder
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419:
334:, General Foods Corporation March 31, 1972
273:
145:are 5 tetramethyl ammonium cations and 6
95:In another example the cage consists of a
345:Cram, D. J.; Tanner, M. E.; Thomas, R.,
34:
18:
384:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
370:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
350:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
62:
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352:Volume 30, Issue 8, Pages 1024 - 1027
274:Kaanumalle, Lakshmi S (Oct 20, 2004).
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372:Volume 45, Issue 5, Pages 745 - 748
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167:the encapsulation of filaments of a
790:Heated humidified high-flow therapy
313:Alcohol powder: Alcopops from a bag
152:Large metalla-assemblies, known as
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558:Effervescent powder or tablet
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1342:Patient-controlled analgesia
647:Orally disintegrating tablet
347:The taming of Cyclobutadiene
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853:Relative analgesia machine
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1373:Supramolecular chemistry
442:Routes of administration
45:supramolecular chemistry
968:Extra-amniotic infusion
573:Molecular encapsulation
505:Osmotic delivery system
500:Time release technology
126:and thus very reactive
49:molecular encapsulation
1271:Central nervous system
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925:Mucoadhesive microdisc
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122:edges. The guest is a
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32:
1114:Transfersome vesicles
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996:
973:Intravesical infusion
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57:endohedral fullerenes
38:
22:
800:Metered-dose inhaler
785:Anesthetic vaporizer
163:Other applications:
63:Reactivity of guests
1225:Transdermal implant
1185:(into tissue/blood)
962:Intrauterine device
843:Anaesthetic machine
838:Oxygen concentrator
286:(44): 14366–14367.
1337:Nanocell injection
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745:Dry-powder inhaler
318:2007-09-27 at the
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1144:Transdermal patch
1134:Medicated shampoo
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848:Medical inhalants
795:Medical inhalants
723:Respiratory tract
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137:catalyst) with a
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390:(9): 1488–1508.
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280:J. Am. Chem. Soc
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139:cyclopentadienyl
118:residing at the
105:stabilized by 6
103:cluster compound
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25:hemicarcerand
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1327:Intraosseous
1317:Intracardiac
1256:Intravitreal
1218:Injector pen
1213:Subcutaneous
1184:
1154:Jet injector
1139:Dermal patch
952:Vaginal ring
920:Insufflation
672:Effervescent
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446:dosage forms
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239:. Springer.
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193:food chemist
190:
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27:reported by
1312:Intravenous
1299:Circulatory
1284:Intrathecal
1208:Intradermal
1200:transdermal
1167:Parenterals
1073:Topical gel
1029:Murphy drip
1007:Suppository
895:Nasal spray
829:Oxygen mask
678:Chewing gum
617:Oral mucosa
217:Cryptophane
143:counterions
131:metallocene
124:16 electron
120:tetrahedron
100:tetrahedral
90:aromaticity
82:Donald Cram
1172:Injections
935:Urogenital
871:Ophthalmic
727:inhalation
701:Toothpaste
629:sublingual
593:Suspension
563:Herbal tea
223:References
171:bi-copper
53:carcerands
1177:infusions
1109:Liposomes
905:Eye drops
900:Ear drops
811:Vaporizer
806:Nebulizer
696:Mouthwash
625:sublabial
548:Electuary
538:Decoction
255:cite book
180:nanowires
147:potassium
128:ruthenium
107:bidentate
1367:Category
1348:PIC line
1289:Epidural
1129:Lip balm
1104:Hydrogel
1095:solution
1078:Liniment
1063:Ointment
1022:Hydrogel
1017:Solution
1002:Ointment
942:Ointment
915:Hydrogel
910:Ointment
706:Ointment
667:Lozenges
657:Lollipop
603:Tincture
588:Solution
568:Hydrogel
553:Emulsion
495:Pastille
404:19750648
377:Abstract
357:Abstract
316:Archived
300:15521751
211:See also
110:catechol
76:Examples
1048:topical
986:enteral
947:Pessary
777:Liquids
750:Smoking
688:Liquids
583:Softgel
530:Liquids
490:Capsule
467:enteral
187:Alcohol
177:polymer
173:complex
116:ligands
97:gallium
1243:Organs
1124:Lotion
1044:Dermal
982:Rectal
957:Douche
737:Solids
674:tablet
639:Solids
621:buccal
578:Powder
543:Elixir
485:Tablet
477:Solids
402:
298:
243:
205:patent
197:Munich
70:arynes
1119:Cream
1083:Paste
1012:Enema
964:(IUD)
880:nasal
802:(MDI)
710:Spray
598:Syrup
113:amide
1344:pump
1196:Skin
1093:DMSO
1088:Film
876:otic
831:and
652:Film
454:Oral
400:PMID
374:2006
354:1991
296:PMID
261:link
241:ISBN
133:(an
55:and
29:Cram
821:Gas
392:doi
288:doi
284:126
175:in
43:In
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249:.
182:.
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