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the monarch, the surviving mother or father, or oldest relative of legal age who is nearest in line to the throne, would immediately assume the office of Regent, who in any case must be
Spanish. If a monarch becomes incapacitated, and that incapacitation is recognized by the Cortes Generales, then the Prince of Asturias (the heir apparent), shall immediately become Regent, if he is of age. If the Prince of Asturias is himself a minor, then the Cortes Generales shall appoint a Regency which may be composed of one, three, or five persons. The person of the king in his minority shall fall under the guardianship of the person designated in the will of the deceased monarch, provided that he or she be of age and of Spanish nationality. If no guardian has been appointed in the will, then the father or mother will then assume the guardianship, as long as they remain widowed. Otherwise, the Cortes Generales shall appoint both the Regent(s) and the guardian, who in this case may not be held by the same person, except by the father or mother of direct relation of the king.
4860:
Head of State may carry out his tasks with the independence which is inherent to his constitutional functions, as well as with due effectiveness and dignity". The annual budget pays the remunerations for senior management staff, management staff and career civil servants, other minor staffing positions, and for general office expenses. The Head of
Household, Secretary General, and other management staff salaries must be comparable to other administration ministers within the government, though in no way do they form part of the government or administration. As such, the management staff experience increases, decreases, or freezes to their pay in accordance with the fluctuations of government minister salaries. Additionally, the annual budget pays for the maintenance and expenses of senior members of the royal family who undertake royal duties; which includes grocery, clothing, and toiletries allotments. The budget approved by the Cortes for 2010 was just under 7.4 million euros, a budget only slightly larger than that spent on the
4500:
publishing the budget spent on the monarchy and royal household. In 2012, the king and Prince of
Asturias volunteered an additional 7% pay-cut in solidarity with government officials, bringing the king's taxable income for 2012 at about 270,000 euros, and that of the prince at 131,000 euros. Of the events surrounding the safari, the contrite king issued a rare apology and said "I am very sorry. I made a mistake. It will not happen again." Furthermore, the king and the Prince of Asturias stepped up public engagements, particularly those of a business nature, in an effort to promote "Brand Spain", as the king put it as he answered written questions. The king's mantra for Spanish business; "Export, export, export!" Spanish business magnates rallied to the king's cause; "From a corporate point of view,
4739:, supports and facilitates the monarch and members of the royal family in fulfilling their constitutionally hereditary responsibilities and obligations. The royal household is funded through yearly budgets drafted by the government of the day in consultation with the monarch, and brought before the Cortes for approval, and then paid directly to the monarch. The royal household coordinates with various government administration ministries, and receives their advice and support where needed, though in no way does the royal household form part of the government administration. Royal household staff serve at the pleasure of the monarch, and does not resign when the Spanish government resigns during election cycles. The royal household is managed by the
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in this life it is as important to form and strengthen character enough to permit us to lead, it is not any less to know how to obey. In spite of the high positions that we hold in life, it will always be vital to know we also have duties to perform and obedience always involves real honour We have to build a closely united family, without fissures or contradictions, we must not forget that on all and on each one of us are fixed the eyes of
Spaniards whom we should serve with body and soul. I do not want to prolong my first letter any more in order not to tire you, but I would hope that this as well as the succeeding ones I send you leave a profound impression on you and are read calmly and thought about seriously.
5150:
administration. During the political transition to democracy (1973–1982) he occupied several high public offices, he has been
President of the Spanish Federation of Sociology (1995–98), President of the Forum for the Social Integration of Immigrants (1999–2002) and Vice-President of Members and Finances of the International Sociological Association (ISA). Currently he is Elected Member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, member of the High-Level Advisory Group on Dialogue between Peoples and Cultures of the Mediterranean (personally appointed by the President of the European Commission), member of the Executive Committee of the
4549:
not only of the abdication but of his reign as a whole. According to a poll taken by El Mundo, believed the king's reign was either good or very good, up from 41.3 per cent. Overall, 55.7 per cent of those polled in the 3–5 June survey by Sigma Dos supported the institution of the monarchy in Spain, up from 49.9 per cent when the same question was posed six months earlier. 57.5 per cent believed the Felipe VI could restore the royal family's lost prestige. An overwhelming majority of
Spaniards believe Felipe VI would make a good monarch and more than three-quarters believe Juan Carlos was right to hand over the throne to his son.
1813:
4864:. In 2011 the king addressed the perennial critique of the monarchy; that of how the annual budget awarded to the monarchy and royal household is spent. The report revealed that only 9.6% of the 8.4 million euros budgeted that year for the monarchy are paid to royal family members as 'salaries and representative duties', with the difference marked for royal household operational expenses such as household staff salaries, various insurance premiums and liabilities, services, and 'supplementals' such as overhead. In 2012, the monarchy volunteered an additional 7% pay-cut in solidarity with government officials.
4209:
academies where virtues are praised and qualities infused which are not modified by time or by the changes that may occur in society ... In my heart, in all my being, side by side with my love for the country, palpitates military spirit, and I feel always identified with my companions in the army, with your concerns, your sorrows, your satisfactions and your hopes. So when I see you joyful, I am joyful. When I feel You sad, I am sad. And all, absolutely all of your worries, all absolutely all of your problems gravitate on your king and
Captain General-your companion-with the same intensity that is felt by you.
4728:
3922:
years, the president has not asked for its dissolution, according to Title II Article 56. The president may call for earlier elections, but no sooner than a year after the prior
General Election. Additionally, if the Government loses the confidence of the Cortes, then it must resign. In the event that a president dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, then the government as a whole resigns and the process of royal nomination and appointment takes place. The vice president would take over the day-to-day operations in the meantime, even while vice president himself may be nominated by the king.
4204:
takes a keen interest in all aspects of military policy as evidenced by "his direct participation in the life of the
Spanish Armed Forces". The king's participation in Spanish military life stems from his constitutional duty to "arbitrate and moderate" the regular working of state institutions. Serving in the armed forces is considered an expectation of the heir apparent, Juan Carlos and Felipe VI served in the various branches of the armed forces before they became kings. The monarch has made his desire for a strong rapport with the armed forces clear in speeches to his officer corps:
3822:
4078:, and high-ranking members of the Foreign Ministry are made available to the king when he is abroad representing Spain. The royal household coordinates with the Foreign Ministry to ensure successful diplomatic engagements. Additionally, other members of the royal family, most notably the Prince of Asturias, may represent the Spanish State internationally. Though the Spanish monarchy is independent of the government, it is important that royal speeches are compatible with government foreign policy to project a unified diplomatic effort. To achieve balance, royal household
8469:
6260:: Book II: "Silences of the Middle Ages". Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 1992, 2000 (5th printing). Chapter 6, "Women in the Fifth to the Tenth Century" by Suzanne Fonay Wemple, p. 74. According to Wemple, Visigothic women of Spain and Aquitaine could inherit land and title and manage it independently of their husbands, and dispose of it as they saw fit if they had no heirs, and represent themselves in court, appear as witnesses (over the age of 14), and arrange their own marriages over the age of twenty.
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72:
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1950:
206:
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4831:(National Heritage) on behalf of the government of the day, and made available for the king as the head of state. Whenever a member of the royal family is not in residence, the royal site is made available for public visitations. The royal household coordinates directly with the National Heritage Council and relevant government ministries or other interests in their planning and staging of state events, with royal sites often providing the setting.
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decisions. Therefore, Juan Carlos abstained from presiding over cabinet meetings except under special occasions or circumstances. Generally, the king presides over cabinet meetings once or twice a year (more regularly if needed) to be directly informed by ministers of non-partisan national and international concerns. However, the king does meet weekly, usually on
Tuesday mornings, with the President of the Government. During the
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3910:, the political leaders would customarily have met beforehand to hammer out a coalition agreements before their meeting with the king. Once appointed, the President of the Government forms an administration whose ministers are appointed and removed by the king on the president's advice. No minister may take up his appointment until after they give their oath of office to obey the constitution with loyalty to the king.
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4611:, a role the Spanish constitution recognizes. Royal patronage conveys a sense of official credibility as the organization is vetted for suitability. A royal presence often greatly raises the profile of the organization and attracts public interest and media coverage that the organization may not have otherwise garnered, aiding in the charitable cause or cultural event. Royals use their considerable
4407:"I have had to stand snubs and contempt, incomprehension and annoyances that you, thank God, have not known", reminded the king to his son in one letter. The private letters from father to son remain within the royal household, but were copied and released into the public domain without any approval or foreknowledge, according to a Zarzuela palace official who confirmed the letter's authenticity.
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King. It does not apply to any other member of the royal family. When Juan Carlos I abdicated the throne to his successor Felipe VI he automatically forfeited his constitutional sovereign immunity and can be charged in a court of law. However, special legislation was passed by parliament prior to his abdication that states he may only be tried by Spain's Supreme Court and no other.
4496:. Though elephant hunting is legal on the game preserve in Botswana, the World Wildlife Fund lists elephants as an endangered species, and the public outcry led to the WWF to strip the king of his honorary patronage in July, 2012. With the perceived disconnect public support of the monarchy has dropped to a new low of only 49%, according to a December 2011 Metroscopia survey.
4349:) in 2008. According to Villespin, the king's traditional approval rating of over 70% through the years consistently out-performed those of elected political leaders, with a similar percentage of respondents considering that the king played an important role in maintaining Spanish democracy. Public trust in Juan Carlos' kingship "comes only behind that of the
7816:
4780:. The website lists biographical information on members of the immediate royal family, charts their activities, records speeches given at events, and publishes their expected diary of upcoming events, among other information. Additionally, the public relations department publishes the king's diary of his private meetings and the
3648:
issued a decree reforming the succession to noble titles from male preference primogeniture to absolute primogeniture. Since the order of succession to the Crown is codified in the Constitution, its reform mandates a complicated process that involves a dissolution of parliament, a constitutional election, and a referendum.
3307:", and the address of "Your Excellency". The royal decree further limits the ability of any regent to use or create titles during the minority or incapacitation of a monarch. No further constitutional language prescribes titles or forms of address to the fourth generation, or great grandchildren, of a reigning monarch.
4457:" for the monarchy, as members of the royal family became increasingly seen as out-of-step with the Spanish mainstream or drawn into scandal. Queen SofĂa was criticized in 2008 for inarticulately disclosing her private opinions on gay marriage in a biography publicly released that year. In 2011 the king's son-in-law
6442:'s exploratory voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. The sea route he established paved the way for the Spanish conquest of much of the Americas. As of 2023, the official budget for the Spanish monarchy is 8.4 million euros, one of the lowest public expenditures for the institution of monarchy in Europe.<ref>
1318:. The 1978 constitution affirmed the role of the King of Spain as the living personification and embodiment of the Spanish nation and a symbol of Spain's enduring unity and permanence and is also invested as the "arbitrator and the moderator" of Spanish institutions. Constitutionally, the sovereign is the
5055:
ArtĂculo 99. # DespuĂ©s de cada renovaciĂłn del Congreso de los Diputados, y en los demás supuestos constitucionales en que asĂ proceda, el Rey, previa consulta con los representantes designados por los grupos polĂticos con representaciĂłn parlamentaria, y a travĂ©s del Presidente del Congreso, propondrá
5016:
La Corona de España es hereditaria en los sucesores de S. M. Don Juan Carlos I de BorbĂłn, legĂtimo heredero de la dinastĂa histĂłrica. La sucesiĂłn en el trono seguirá el orden regular de primogenitura y representaciĂłn, siendo preferida siempre la lĂnea anterior a las posteriores; en la misma lĂnea, el
4763:
coordinates royal military operations and ceremonies, and prepares the royal family for any military activities. The Military Chamber is directed by a commander who must be an active lieutenant-general or a general within the Spanish military, and is under the direct orders of the king. The commander
4544:
Opinion polls released in April 2012 revealed that the Spanish public generally forgave the king over the recent scandals, but wished for greater transparency of the monarchy. However, criticism grew increasingly strident towards many senior members of the royal family as investigations continued to
4396:
Those whom God has chosen to be kings and to be at the head of the destiny of a country do not have any other choice than to start to understand the importance and the special characteristics of the position, because one can say that they start to become adults long before other boys of their age. If
3988:
The General Council of the Judicial Power shall consist of the President of the Supreme Court, who shall preside over it, and of twenty members appointed by the King for a five-year period, of which twelve shall be judges and magistrates of all the judicial categories, under the terms provided for by
3901:
In the political life of Spain, the king would already be familiar with the various political leaders in a professional capacity, and perhaps less formally in a more social capacity, facilitating their meeting following a General Election. Conversely, nominating the party leader whose party maintains
3897:
However, if no overall majority was obtained on the first vote of confidence, then the same nominee and program is resubmitted for a second vote within forty-eight hours. Following the second vote, if confidence by the Cortes is still unreached, then the monarch again meets with political leaders and
3651:
If all lines designated by law become extinct, the constitution reserves the right for the Cortes Generales to provide for the succession "in the manner most suitable for Spain". The 1978 constitution disinherits members of the royal family (as well as their descendants) from succession if they marry
4859:
Constitutionally the monarch is entitled to compensation from the annual state budget for the maintenance of his family and household administration, and freely distributes these funds in accordance with the laws. According to the Royal Household, "he purpose of these resources is to ensure that the
4708:
entitled "Mensaje de S.M. Juan Carlos I", personal messages from himself as king to the nation which are broadcast by radio and television through various media outlets. King Juan Carlos usually referred to social or economic challenges facing the nation as well as positive messages of charity, good
4583:
According to a poll made in 2020, 35 per cent of Spaniards would vote for the monarchy in a referendum, while 41 per cent would choose the republic. Right-wing supporters are the most monarchist, and left-wing supporters the most republican. Other poll made in 2021, showed a different result: 58 per
4556:
Despite being hailed for his role in Spain's transition to democracy, King Juan Carlos I and the monarchy's reputation began to suffer after controversies surrounding his family arose, exacerbated by the public controversy centering on an elephant-hunting trip he undertook during a time of financial
4548:
At the time of his abdication La Razon found that more than 77 per cent of respondents rated the leadership of King Juan Carlos as "good" or "very good". Seventy-two per cent thought the monarchy was an important factor for political stability. The Spanish public also gave a broadly positive opinion
4528:. The king's role as a "business diplomat and deal maker" for his country's interest was brought to light during the safari scandal, as the safari was paid for by Mohamed Eyad Kayali, a Syrian construction magnate and longtime friend of the king. The two worked together on the deal which awarded the
4499:
The king took measures to restore public confidence in the monarchy. In the wake of the scandal surrounding the Duke of Palma de Mallorca, the king spoke in his 2011 Christmas Eve National Speech that no-one is above the law. Additionally, the king addressed the perennial critique of the monarchy by
4183:
Royal Decree 1310 of 5 October 2007 requires the National Defence Council to report to the monarch, and that the king is to be the Chairman of the Council when he attends its sessions. The National Defence Council is Spain's highest advisory body on security and defense matters and performs the same
3600:
The Crown of Spain shall be inherited by the successors of HM Juan Carlos I de BorbĂłn, the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty. Succession to the throne shall follow the regular order of primogeniture and representation, the first line having preference over subsequent lines; and within the same
1927:
Following the events of 1981, Juan Carlos led a less eventful life, according to author John Hooper. Juan Carlos did not preside over ceremonies such as the opening of hospitals and bridges as often as monarchs in other nations. Instead, he worked towards establishing reliable political customs when
5149:
Juan DĂez Nicolás, is a Professor of Sociology since 1971 and co-founder (1963–69) and last Director General (1976–77) of the former Instituto de la OpiniĂłn PĂşblica, as well as the first Director General (1977–1979) of the present Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas (CIS), both within the public
4768:
for his assistance, and by extension to his wife the queen and to Princess SofĂa. Aides-de-camp are drawn from all of the services, from the Army, from the Navy, from the Air and Space Force, and from the Civil Guard. The Princess of Asturias is entitled to, in future, personal aides-de-camp, drawn
4024:
Constitutionally the king accredits Spanish ambassadors to international states and governments, and foreign representatives to Spain are accredited before him. However, the government of the day manages diplomatic policy on behalf of the monarch. Additionally, it remains the responsibility for the
3724:
of the monarchy and guardianship of the person of the monarch in the event of his minority or incapacitation. The office of Regent(s) and the Guardianship of the monarch (whether the monarch is in his minority or incapacitated) may not necessarily be the same person. In the event of the minority of
5115:
Consejo General del Poder Judicial estará integrado por el Presidente del Tribunal Supremo, que lo presidirá, y por veinte miembros nombrados por el Rey por un periodo de cinco años. De estos, doce entre Jueces y Magistrados de todas las categorĂas judiciales, en los tĂ©rminos que establezca la ley
4960:
El Rey es el Jefe del Estado, sĂmbolo de su unidad y permanencia, arbitra y modera el funcionamiento regular de las instituciones, asume la más alta representaciĂłn del Estado español en las relaciones internacionales, especialmente con las naciones de su comunidad histĂłrica, y ejerce las funciones
4203:
As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, the king holds the highest-ranking office in the military chain of command. The king's ranks include Captain General of the Army, the Navy and the Air and Space Force. The king is the only officer in the military to hold this 5-star General rank. The king
4082:
confer with the Foreign Ministry to ensure that the official speeches strike the desired diplomatic tone between the king's views and government policy. When necessary and appropriate, the king and his government may focus on two different aspects in a diplomatic engagement. The king may emphasize
3647:
would allow the first-born to inherit the throne, whether the heir be male or female. The Zapatero administration of the day proclaimed its intention to amend the succession law; however, with the birth of the king's second daughter the issue was postponed. Paving the way, in 2006 King Juan Carlos
3475:
in the United States. As the reigning monarch the king of Spain has absolute sovereign immunity, he cannot be charged in any court of law in the Spanish state. This immunity applies to both civil and criminal cases. Sovereign immunity is reserved exclusively for the current holder of the Office of
3454:
The Spanish monarch is personally immune from prosecution for acts committed by government ministers in the king's name. Although he is nominally chief executive, his acts are not valid unless countersigned by a minister, who then assumes political and legal responsibility for the act in question.
3104:
and independent monarchy. Receiving government advice does not necessarily bind the monarch into executing the advice, except where prescribed by the constitution. His acts shall always be countersigned in the manner established in section 64. Without such countersignature they shall not be valid,
3006:
The King is Head of State, the symbol of its unity and permanence. He arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions, assumes the highest representation of the Spanish State in international relations, especially with the nations of its historical community, and exercises the
4867:
Not included in the annual budget is the maintenance and upkeep of Spanish royal sites, which are owned by the state and made available to the king as the head-of-state, but administered by Patrimonio Nacional on behalf of the government of the day. Spanish royal sites are open to the public when
4743:
who inspects and supervises all household operations through various bureaus or offices of the General Secretariat. The Head of the Household is assisted by a Secretary General. The General Secretariat is divided into various departments which includes the secretariat (bureau) of King Juan Carlos
4007:
on the advice of the government, according to Article 124. The king may grant clemency in accordance with the law; however, the king may not authorize a general pardon of government ministers who have been found criminally liable or guilty of treason by the Criminal Article of the Supreme Court,
3800:
After each renewal of the Congress and the other cases provided for under the Constitution, the King shall, after consultation with the representatives appointed by the political groups with parliamentary representation, and through the Speaker of the Congress, nominate for the Presidency of the
3025:
to faithfully carry out his constitutional duties and to abide by the constitution and laws of the state. Additionally, the constitution gives the king the added responsibility to ensure that the constitution is obeyed. Lastly, the king swears to respect the rights of Spanish citizens and of the
4208:
I do not feel a stranger in your company, and my functions are not limited to being your king and to holding the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces. I am also your companion ... I feel one more among you ... because my youth has been formed, as yours and with many of you, in military
3921:
Governments and the Cortes sit for a term no longer than four years when the president tenders his resignation to the king and advises the king to dissolve the Cortes, prompting a General Election. It remains within the king's prerogative to dissolve the Cortes if, at the conclusion of the four
3913:
As early as 1975, Juan Carlos expressed his view that his role in the government of a "crowned democracy" would be for him to counsel and orient an administration's "thrust in action", but for the government to take the initiative without the need for it to involve the king unnecessarily in its
4469:, shot himself in the foot during target practice at his father's estate, echoing a similar but far more serious gun accident involving the king in 1956. According to historians, the then 18-year-old Juan Carlos was cleaning a revolver when he accidentally shot to death his 14-year-old brother
4384:
were revealed in intimate private letters of fatherly advice to his son Felipe, Prince of Asturias, between 1984 and 1985, when Felipe was then attending university in Canada. According to Juan Carlos a monarch must not take his position for granted but work for the people's welfare, be kind,
4634:
ceremonies acknowledging the contributions of individuals, entities, and organizations which make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, or public affairs. Felipe serves as president of the Codespa Foundation, which finances specific economic and social development activities in
5139:
The king's speeches are generally reflective of the king's views and reviewed by the king before an event. When confirming with the Foreign Ministry, the speeches are reviewed so that they are largely general in nature and politically neutral in terms of specific policies followed by the
5116:
orgánica; cuatro a propuesta del Congreso de los Diputados, y cuatro a propuesta del Senado, elegidos en ambos casos por mayorĂa de tres quintos de sus miembros, entre abogados y otros juristas, todos ellos de reconocida competencia y con más de quince años de ejercicio en su profesiĂłn.
4876:
and catering. The budget is administered with professional Public Administration accounting procedures, and is audited by government auditors. All members of the royal family are subject to taxation and annually submit Income Tax and Wealth Tax returns and effect the relevant payments.
4367:
The king was routinely considered one of the top ten most popular figures in Spain, with as many as 80% of Spanish believing Spain's transition to democracy would not have been made possible without the king's personal intervention. Historian and royal biographer Charles Powell told
3898:
the Speaker, and submits a new nominee for a vote of confidence. If, within two months, no candidate has won the confidence of the Cortes then the king dissolves the Cortes and calls for a new General Election. The king's royal decree is countersigned by the Speaker of the Congress.
3840:, usually the political leader whose party commands the most seats in the Cortes. For the Crown to nominate the political leader whose party controls the Cortes can be seen as a royal endorsement of the democratic process, a fundamental concept enshrined in the 1978 constitution. By
4142:
is rooted in tradition and patriotism as demonstrated in the symbols and the history of the military. The role of the Spanish monarch in the chain of command of the forces is established by the constitution of 1978, and other statutory law – Acts of Parliament, Royal Decrees etc.
3652:
against the expressed prohibition of the monarch and the Cortes Generales. Lastly, Article 57 further provides that "Abdications and renunciations and any doubt in fact or in law that may arise in connection with the succession to the Crown shall be settled by an organic act".
1554:, who styled himself as "Emperor of Constantinople", bestowed his imperial title to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile in his last testament, dated 7 April 1502, although the Spanish monarchs have never used the title. In 1492 the Catholic Monarchs conquered the
4385:
attentive and helpful, and "appear animated even when you are tired; kind even when you don't feel like it; attentive even when you are not interested; helpful even when it takes an effort You need to appear natural, but not vulgar; cultivated and aware of problems, but not
5073:
Juro/Prometo, por mi conciencia y honor, cumplir fielmente las obligaciones del cargo de Presidente del Gobierno con lealtad al Rey, guardar y hacer guardar la ConstituciĂłn como norma fundamental del Estado, asĂ como mantener el secreto de las deliberaciones del Consejo de
4744:(since 2014); planning and coordination; the secretariat (bureau) of H.M. the Queen; security services; communication; protocol; and administration, infrastructure and services. Before his father's abdication, Felipe VI had his own secretariat as Prince of Asturias.
4372:
in 2008 that "There's a deep-rooted feeling of gratitude for the king's role in the transition to democracy Polls show that he is the individual to whom democratisation is most closely attributed, and the sense of gratitude cuts across class and ideological lines."
3975:
According to Title VI of the constitution, Justice in Spain "emanates from the people and is administered on behalf of the King by judges and magistrates members of the Judicial Power". It remains a royal prerogative for the king to appoint the twenty members to the
4353:", Villespin continued. Members of the royal family were routinely voted among the most respected public figures in Spain, and in 2010 as many as 75% of Spanish citizens ranked the monarchy as "above any other public institution in the country", according to
1928:
transitioning one government administration to another, emphasizing constitutional law and protocol, and representing the Spanish State domestically and internationally, all the while aiming to maintain a professionally non-partisan yet independent monarchy.
4067:. With his support of democracy, various elements within Ibero-America political society have sought the king's advice on how to transition from a dictatorship to a democracy. For his efforts, by 2008 the king was voted the most popular leader in all of the
1635:, claimed to be mad, Charles I was the sole ruler, but the legal situation remained slightly ambiguous until her death in 1555 left Charles the undoubted sole monarch, though as Holy Roman Emperor it was not his principal title. Only in the reign of his son
3761:
all in the name of the king. Additionally, the government exercises executive authority and statutory regulations. The most direct prerogative the monarch exercises in the formation of Spanish governments is in the nomination and appointment process of the
4772:
The Head of the Household, Secretary General, and Head of the Military Chamber are considered senior management staff and are compensated at the level of senior government administration officials. In 2004, the royal household employed 100 staff members.
6030:
5056:
un candidato a la Presidencia del Gobierno. # El candidato propuesto conforme a lo previsto en el apartado anterior expondrá ante el Congreso de los Diputados el programa polĂtico del Gobierno que pretenda formar y solicitará la confianza de la Cámara.
4713:; in 2006 he talked about the need to become a united nation against terrorism (in implicit support of Zapatero's anti-terrorist policies), and he mentioned the increasing force of immigrants in Spain and appreciated their contribution to the economy.
3480:
The Person of the King of Spain is inviolable and shall not be held accountable. His acts shall always be countersigned in the manner established in section 64. Without such countersignature they shall not be valid, except as provided under section
3855:) by the Cortes. A simple majority confirms the nominee and his program. After the nominee is deemed confirmed by the Speaker of the Congress of Deputies, the king appoints him as the new President of the Government in a ceremony performed at the
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in 1982 for his steadfast work towards democracy and for supporting European unity. The constitution gives the monarch special responsibility in promoting Spanish relations with members of its historic community, the nations formerly part of the
3342:
by the "sovereign grace of the king", and may be passed on to the recipient's heirs, who may not sell the title. Titles may revert to the Crown when their vacancy is observed. Succession of titles may follow one of several courses listed on the
4654:). Established in 1977 out of the queen's private funds, the non-profit aims to assist, promote, and develop the spiritual and physical needs of men and women from diverse backgrounds, with a particular focus on progress, welfare, and justice.
3347:
when the title is created. As a general rule, most titles are now inherited by absolute Cognatic Primogeniture (as of 2006), in which the first born inherits all titles regardless of gender. However, a title holder may designate his successor,
3989:
the organic act; four nominated by the Congress and four by the Senate, elected in both cases by three-fifths of their members amongst lawyers and other jurists of acknowledged competence with more than fifteen years of professional practice.
3031:
The King, on being proclaimed before the Cortes Generales, will swear to faithfully carry out his duties, to obey the Constitution and the laws and ensure that they are obeyed, and to respect the rights of the citizens and the Self-governing
1856:
and his coalition of allied organizations commonly referred to as the Nationalists. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany aided Franco in the Spanish Civil War. The Soviet Union backed the Republican Government as did Mexico under the government of
7984:
4532:
to the Spanish consortium. For supporters of the monarchy the king is an "irreplaceable resource" with unrivaled relationships with other world leaders. Observers credit the king with easing tensions between Spain's former government of
5000:
La persona del Rey de España es inviolable y no está sujeta a responsabilidad. Sus actos estarán siempre refrendados en la forma establecida en el artĂculo 64, careciendo de validez sin dicho refrendo, salvo lo dispuesto en el artĂculo
3026:
self-governing communities. The Prince of Asturias, upon reaching the age of majority, in addition to any regent(s) upon assuming the office, swears the same oath as that of the king along with a further oath of loyalty to the monarch.
4188:. King Juan Carlos chaired the first full meeting of the council on 10 November 2007, at which the newly proposed National Defence Directive was reviewed along with the ongoing war missions in Afghanistan, Kosovo, Bosnia and Lebanon.
4032:, which greatly improved Spain's standing on the world stage. The king reconciled long standing historic tensions with the Netherlands and cultivated relationships with France and Germany which led directly to Spain's entry into the
6009:
3511:
or the State itself. According to Article 56 of the 1978 Constitution the monarch and the dignity of the Spanish State are one and the same: "The King is Head of State, the symbol of its unity and permanence". Breaching Spain's
7282:
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5440:
7507:
7724:
3949:
No provision within the constitution invests the king with the ability to veto legislation directly; however, no provision prohibits the king from withholding royal assent, effectively a veto. When the media asked King
3804:
The candidate nominated in accordance with the provisions of the foregoing subsection shall submit to the Congress the political program of the Government he or she intends to form and shall seek the confidence of the
2973:". As a unifying figure for the nation, in 2010 King Juan Carlos worked towards "bridging the gap" between Spain's rival polarized political parties to develop a unified strategy in response to the country's on-going
6026:
3596:(1909–1992) insisted that the phrase "the legitimate heir of the historic dynasty" be included in the text to underscore that the monarchy was a historic institution predating the constitution or the prior regime.
6091:, 11 October, by which the Regulation of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Carlos III is passed. Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE) no. 245, 12 October 2002, pg. 36085-36094. (Reference: BOE-A-2002-19803)
5412:
19. P.K. Enepekides, `Das Wiener Testament des Andreas Palaiologos vom 7 April 1502', Akten des XI Internationalen Byzantinisten Kongresses, München 1958, ed. F. Dölger and H.G. Beck (Munich, 1960) 138-43, esp.
4552:
In recent years, however, public opinion on the form of organization of the Head of State has become increasingly divided, with polls confirming a technical tie between monarchists and republicans since 2018.
8312:
4942:, was a conscious choice to find a middle ground acceptable by monarchists, who viewed the 1975 monarchy as a restoration, and Franconists who took the view that General Franco had essentially established a
4846:
and a consortium of local business leaders in 2001 as part of an effort to further associate the royal family with the islands, and to promote the islands as a tourist destination. The yacht, known as the
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6733:
4545:
dominate headlines throughout 2013. In an act to preserve Spanish constitutional stability Juan Carlos I abdicated the throne on 19 June 2014, in favor of his popular son, now reigning as King Felipe VI.
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3333:
within Spain is codified in Article 62 (f); It is incumbent upon the monarch to "confer civil and military positions and award honors and distinctions in conformity of the law". According to the Spanish
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7701:
3836:
Constitutionally, the monarch may nominate anyone he sees fit as is his prerogative. However, it remains pragmatic for him to nominate the person most likely to enjoy the confidence of the Cortes and
11674:
11344:
6890:
6765:
3984:
nominated by the General Council, according to Article 122, Subsection 3, of the constitution. However, by convention the king's nominations have been with the advice of the government of the day.
3054:
I swear faithfully to discharge my functions, to sustain and see to it that the Constitution and the Laws are sustained, and to respect the rights of the citizens and of the autonomous communities.
7976:
7601:
5924:
Real Decreto 470/2014, de 13 de junio, por el que se modifica el Real Decreto 1368/1987, de 6 de noviembre, sobre rĂ©gimen de tĂtulos, tratamientos y honores de la Familia Real y de los Regentes
1735:, the Spanish Crown embarked on an ambitious and far-reaching project to implement major reforms in the administration of Spain and the Spanish empire. These changes, collectively known as the
4086:
The king and members of the royal family have represented Spain in Europe, Latin America, in the United States and in Canada, nations in the Middle East and North Africa, in China, Japan, the
4492:
propped against a tree. Despite public knowledge of the king's interest in hunting, the image this time contrasted sharply with his patronage of the Spanish branch of the conservation group
7539:
4825:", a collective term used to denote the set of palaces, monasteries, and convents built under royal patronage throughout history. Royal sites are owned by the state and administered by the
3407:
8297:
6797:
4048:
blessing Juan Carlos' democratic reforms. According to historian Charles Powell, it was the king's goal to win Spain's full acceptance by other European powers. The king, a self-described
3557:
on their cover in 2007. In 2008, 400 Catalonia separatists burned images of the king and queen in Madrid, and in 2009 two Galician separatists were fined for burning effigies of the king.
3002:" and assumes the highest representation of the Spanish State in international relations. The monarch exercises the functions expressly conferred on him by the constitution and the laws.
7335:
5902:
3148:
To be informed of the affairs of State and, for this purpose, to preside over the meetings of the Council of Ministers whenever, he sees fit, at the President of the Government's request.
6279:
6006:
1358:. According to the Constitution, the monarch is also instrumental in promoting relations with the "nations of its historical community". The monarch serves as honorary president of the
7273:
5820:
4361:). The CIS, a non-partisan government funded independent research institution, has been researching public opinion of the monarchy since 1984 and tracks three basic lines of inquiry;
3942:
outlines the method with which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days that a bill has been passed by the Cortes Generales, the king shall give his assent and
3372:
1770:, introduced by Philip V, that prohibited women from becoming sovereigns of Spain. Thereby, as had been customary before the arrival of the Bourbons, Ferdinand VII's eldest daughter
11090:
7662:
5437:
2562:
818:
3624:, with women able to inherit in certain circumstances. However, with the succession of Philip V in 1700, the first of the Spanish Bourbons, women were barred from succession until
1924:
when the king used a specially designed command communications center in the Zarzuela Palace to denounce the coup and command the military's eleven captains general to stand down.
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1558:
in southern Spain, the last Muslim territory in the Iberian peninsula. The unification of Spain is marked from this date, though the Spanish kingdoms continued past that date.
5084:
An exception to these weekly meetings is in August, while the king is on holiday in Majorca. Then the President or the Vice President travels to Majorica to meet with the king.
3844:, the king's nominees have all been from parties who hold the most seats in the Cortes. The king is normally able to announce his nominee the day following a General Election.
11489:
7439:
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1650:
and trade. The Hispanic Crown retained control over and profited from all operations in overseas colonies (by and large royal assets under a monopoly on trade), including
5954:
4363:
what is public confidence in the monarchy, what is the role of the monarchy in a democratic system, and to what degree has the king contributed to the democratic process.
11791:
9075:
1565:
overseas were dependencies of the Crown of Castile, and Castile had an outsized influence there. Following the Spanish explorations and settlement in the Caribbean, the
4647:
3368:
5458:
Bergasa Perdomo, Oscar (2018). "La esclavitud en los imperios coloniales americanos: tráfico y mercados". In Luxán Meléndez, Santiago de; Figueirôa-Rêgo, João (eds.).
7062:
1840:
produced victories (particularly in urban areas) for candidates favoring an end to the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. Faced with unrest in the cities,
4810:, a modest home on the El Pardo estate, near his parents' residence at La Zarzuela. King Juan Carlos and Queen SofĂa have spent the majority of their time at the La
4083:
one aspect, such as the promotion of democracy and historic relations; while the government focuses on the details of strategic planning and bilateral coordination.
3875:
I swear, under my conscience and honor, to faithfully execute the duties of the office of President of the Government with loyalty to the King, obey and enforce the
3127:
To propose a candidate for President of the Government and, as the case may be, appoint him or her or remove him or her from office, as provided in the Constitution.
7159:
5874:
4354:
4180:, a civil officer who is nominated and appointed by the king, confirmed by the elected Congress of Deputies and, as such, is representative of the Spanish people.
6928:
10982:
9080:
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6723:
4764:
maintains an office with a military legal advisor, an auditor, and section heads for staffing, protocol, operations and logistics. The king is assigned personal
4418:. As many as 22% of Spanish citizens feel that a republic would be the better form of government for Spain, while separatists and independence supporters in the
2346:
602:
4376:
Prior to the economic crisis, part of the monarchy's appeal may lay in the personal characteristics of Juan Carlos, whose philosophy on his family, on personal
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6999:
7017:
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6558:
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radio network, owned and operated by Spain's Roman Catholic Church, called for Juan Carlos to abdicate for his tacit approval of a perceived liberal agenda.
4162:
The King exercises Supreme Command of the Armed Forces and other powers regarding national defense that are provided for in the constitution and other laws.
1872:. However, without a king on the throne, he ruled through a coalition of allied organizations from the Spanish Civil War including, but not limited to, the
7640:
4336:
3399:
4675:
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the new law. Article 92 invests the king with the right to call for referendum on the advice of the president and the previous authorization of Congress.
6691:
6471:
4659:
4335:
from 2008, the monarchy traditionally enjoyed wide support and popularity by Spanish citizens since its constitutional restoration in 1978, according to
7591:
7403:
9314:
3677:
1762:, as well as his ministerial appointments, particularly the exclusion of liberals, gradually eroded popular support for the Spanish monarchy. With the
7041:
8329:
7750:
7242:
6377:
6060:
5797:
5762:
5707:
5357:
3359:
During his reign between 1975 and 2014, King Juan Carlos awarded peerages to two of his former prime ministers who had retired from active politics:
8302:
6838:
6190:
11076:
4434:, while the far right criticize King Juan Carlos personally because he has given his royal assent and tacit approval to what they perceive to be a
3382:, one of the oldest surviving orders of chivalry, is the highest honor the king of Spain can bestow. The second in order the king may award is the
3213:
According to Royal Decree 1368/1987, regulating the titles, treatments and honours of the royal family and the regents, the king and his wife, the
3035:
The Crown Prince, on coming of age, and the Regent or Regents, on assuming office, will swear the same oath as well as that of loyalty to the King.
2428:
684:
7529:
3459:
which evolved in similar constitutional monarchies. The legal concept of sovereign immunity evolved into other aspects of immunity law in similar
3088:, Article 99, defines the king's role in the appointment of the prime minister and the formation of the council of ministers/government. Title VI
6807:
5897:
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4435:
3182:
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8822:
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1869:
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4458:
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and also relations with Portugal and Brazil. Fulfilling this responsibility, the king of Spain serves as president of the twenty-three member
3683:
9309:
6195:
5818:
4679:
4618:
Members of the royal family also pursue charitable and cultural causes of special interest to themselves. As prince, King Felipe chaired the
3403:
2714:
1984:
970:
240:
4025:
monarch to express the state's assent to international commitments and treaties, which must be in conformity with the Spanish constitution.
3847:
The king's nominee is presented before the Cortes by the Speaker where the nominee and his political agenda are debated and submitted for a
3601:
line the closer grade over the more remote; and within the same grade the male over female, and in the same sex, the elder over the younger.
2569:
825:
11584:
11549:
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9858:
9773:
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estate on the outskirts of Madrid. The El Pardo Palace itself has served as the "guest house" for visiting heads of state since the 1980s.
4524:
and outmaneuvering a French bid. "Without the king, this contract would not have gone ahead," according to former Spanish foreign minister
3841:
3097:
8144:
6668:
3695:
8407:
7208:
4465:
and impropriety for using his connection to the royal family for personal financial gain. In April 2012 the king's grandson, 13-year-old
2936:
2441:
1864:
After sixteen years without monarchy or kingdom, in 1947, Spain was made a Kingdom again by General Franco, who claimed to rule Spain as
1711:
1192:
697:
6235:
3378:
The king grants not only military and civil orders, but also grants awards of distinction, customarily on the advice of government. The
7901:
6543:
6518:
6286:
6110:
by which the Regulation of the Royal and Very Distinguished Order of Carlos III is adapted to the current circumstances and conditions.
6103:
6084:
5609:
4176:
However, Title IV of the constitution vests the administration of the armed forces and formulation of national defense policy with the
2688:
2683:
2678:
944:
939:
934:
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12261:
9371:
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to "citizens who, with their effort, initiative and work, have brought a distinguished and extraordinary service to the Nation". The
3100:
established by Juan Carlos I, the king exercises his prerogatives having solicited government advice while maintaining a politically
2863:
2389:
2313:
1119:
645:
569:
7875:
7443:
7373:
6122:
4341:
9927:
8813:
6574:
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4776:
The royal household's public relations department manages and maintains an official website on behalf of the royal family known as
3391:
2674:
930:
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6445:
5980:
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5852:
5017:
grado más próximo al más remoto; en el mismo grado, el varón a la mujer, y en el mismo sexo, la persona de más edad a la de menos.
3253:). The widows and widowers of monarchs are to retain these styles until they remarry. The heir from birth shall hold the title of
1758:
in 1808, and the Bourbons became a focus of popular resistance against French rule. However, Ferdinand's rejection of the liberal
10245:
9346:
7184:
2709:
2424:
2172:
1778:. Opponents of the Pragmatic Sanction argued that it was never officially promulgated, claiming Ferdinand VII's younger brother,
965:
680:
428:
8468:
5850:
Real Decreto 1368/1987, de 6 de noviembre, sobre rĂ©gimen de tĂtulos, tratamientos y honores de la Familia Real y de los Regentes
5483:
4299:
11459:
9517:
9097:
8621:
5958:
4450:
4332:
3981:
3915:
3615:
2981:
2974:
2836:
2704:
2631:
1631:
in 1516 the Aragonese lands were added to Charles and Joanna's territories. With his mother and co-monarch Joanna confined in
1092:
960:
887:
4271:
2909:
1165:
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2342:
2192:
1359:
905:
808:
598:
448:
10262:
7108:
2953:), with its roots in the Visigothic kingdom from the 5th century and subsequent successor states, is recognized in Title II
1686:
With the death of the childless Charles II, the succession to the throne was disputed. Charles II had designated his sister
11704:
11509:
11159:
9482:
7954:
6165:
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laws may carry fines and up to two years in prison. The concept is within the same legal sphere as legislation prohibiting
2752:
2747:
2557:
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2202:
1566:
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1003:
813:
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458:
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8734:
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4636:
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4075:
2789:
2626:
2259:
2101:
1570:
1045:
882:
515:
357:
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10755:
9019:
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7800:
6918:
5203:
A literal translation is "House of H.M. the King", often translated into English as "royal house" or "royal household".
4252:
4064:
3783:
3707:
3633:
3283:, among others. Other children of the monarch, and the children of the heir apparent, shall have the title and rank of
2822:
2799:
2780:
2611:
1899:
1775:
1078:
1055:
1036:
867:
33:
2984:, the sovereignty power emanates from the people, so it is the very same people who give the king the power to reign:
1455:
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which gripped the nation, the king discreetly used his influence to facilitate a bi-partisan response to the crisis.
3713:
3387:
2794:
1050:
76:
6475:
4558:
4512:. The king is also credited with brokering a deal worth $ 9.9 billion for a Spanish consortium in Saudi Arabia
10565:
8860:
8699:
7312:
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6399:
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crisis in Spain. Since August 2020, Juan Carlos has lived in self-exile from Spain over allegedly improper ties to
4529:
4513:
4285:
2812:
2409:
2153:
2119:
2096:
1831:
1698:, as his heir. The possible unification of Spain with France, the two big European powers at the time, sparked the
1311:
1068:
665:
409:
375:
352:
5093:
Title II Article 56 the monarch is the "arbitrator and moderator of the regular functioning of the institutions" (
3618:
has been practiced in Spain since the 11th century in the various Visigothic successor states and codified in the
3585:
According to Article 57 the Crown of Spain is inherited by the successors of King Juan Carlos I de BorbĂłn through
1844:
went into exile, but did not abdicate. The ensuing provisional government evolved into the relatively short-lived
12078:
11735:
11179:
9963:
9507:
9122:
9065:
8935:
8887:
8882:
8855:
8818:
8724:
8400:
8148:
6962:
4107:
3863:, the official residence of the king. During the inauguration ceremony, the President of the Government takes an
3439:
3411:
3193:
2929:
2807:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2547:
2371:
2309:
2234:
2011:
1889:
1779:
1185:
1063:
919:
914:
909:
803:
627:
565:
490:
267:
8348:
7849:
7624:
3524:
extends to any foreign heads-of-state visiting Spain, and other members of the royal family, and to the Spanish
3310:
11751:
11374:
10542:
10045:
8278:
8087:
4655:
4573:
4256:
4185:
3395:
2759:
2463:
2224:
2182:
2167:
2006:
1721:
1015:
719:
480:
438:
423:
262:
26:
6681:
5186:
journalist that had he not been born a prince that he would have liked to be a print journalist, according to
4267:
1639:
from 1556 did "King of Spain" become the usual way to refer to the monarch, in Spain and the rest of Europe.
11689:
11359:
10379:
9137:
8955:
8729:
8485:
8429:
7417:
6324:
4911:
4705:
4619:
4538:
3880:
3750:
3550:
3142:
3093:
3073:
2859:
2636:
2506:
2229:
1978:
1905:
Impatient with the pace of democratic reforms, the new king, known for his formidable personality, dismissed
1665:
1608:
1315:
1115:
892:
762:
485:
234:
4896:
4415:
3943:
3570:
1446:. The Jiménez rulers sought to bring their kingdoms into the European mainstream and often engaged in cross-
1433:
12251:
11614:
11574:
11474:
11400:
11294:
11033:
10015:
10003:
9522:
9060:
9024:
8850:
6411:
4639:, which is composed of achieving communications professionals. Felipe also serves as honorary chair of the
3787:
3659:
3423:
3415:
2958:
2869:
2540:
2329:
2211:
2107:
1963:
1917:
1837:
1759:
1421:
1303:
1284:
1125:
796:
585:
467:
363:
219:
139:
7238:
4040:, Juan Carlos' personal relations with successive popes greatly improved diplomatic relations between the
11589:
11289:
10896:
10810:
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10035:
9907:
9762:
9127:
8651:
6830:
6367:
6200:
6052:
4756:
4640:
4410:
However, the monarchy became the focus of acute criticism from part of the left and right of the Spanish
3335:
2446:
2361:
2239:
2041:
702:
617:
495:
297:
4473:. Also in 2012, the monarchy was seen as out-of-touch during the financial crisis as the king went on a
12256:
12246:
11720:
11669:
11664:
11639:
11609:
11494:
11405:
11043:
10958:
10547:
10445:
8987:
8684:
8614:
8393:
8197:
8011:
7467:"Spanish royal family's popularity boosted by King Juan Carlos's abdication in favour of Prince Felipe"
6502:
6316:
6007:
Aznar pagĂł con dinero pĂşblico a un 'lobby' de Washington para conseguir la medalla del Congreso de EEUU
5262:
4931:
4710:
4565:
4028:
During his reign, Juan Carlos followed a foreign policy during the first decade of his kingship coined
3955:
3754:
3546:
3379:
2961:. Constitutionally the monarch embodies and personifies the "indissoluble" unity and permanence of the
2922:
2737:
2730:
2046:
1763:
1589:, 1542). The viceroy (vice-king) and the Audiencias were the effective administrators of royal policy.
1442:
1178:
993:
986:
302:
157:
10735:
5933:. Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE) no. 149, 19 June 2014, p. 46399-46400. (Reference: BOE-A-2014-6477)
3157:
To exercise the right of clemency in accordance with the law, which may not authorize general pardons.
11783:
11699:
11644:
11604:
11559:
11554:
11534:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11499:
11484:
11479:
11464:
11454:
11421:
11254:
11013:
10700:
10635:
10625:
10610:
9945:
9892:
9802:
9381:
9161:
9087:
8833:
8777:
8772:
5859:. Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE) no. 271, 12 November 1987, p. 33717. (Reference: BOE-A-1987-25284)
5164:
4631:
4569:
3689:
3257:
and the other titles historically associated with the heir apparent. These additional titles include
2784:
2468:
2335:
2249:
1707:
1699:
1040:
724:
591:
505:
10835:
4979:
page 336 (2000). However, according to Royal Decree published in 1987, the formal addressed used is
4094:. The king and Prince of Asturias have addressed many international organizations which include the
3782:), and other circumstances provided for in the constitution, the king meets with and interviews the
3665:
2512:
2217:
768:
473:
11994:
11840:
11725:
11684:
11659:
11649:
11634:
11629:
11579:
11544:
11529:
10455:
10435:
10400:
10353:
10307:
9659:
9475:
9356:
9002:
8877:
8674:
8425:
8175:
7924:
7135:
5981:"No deben tolerarse las recompensas a torturadores (They should not tolerate rewards to torturers)"
5674:
5187:
4886:
4815:
4722:
4521:
4470:
3593:
2254:
2178:
2082:
2068:
1812:
1703:
1582:
1578:
1265:
1261:
510:
434:
338:
324:
40:
7078:
6599:
6337:
4727:
1989:
245:
12134:
11980:
11679:
11599:
11569:
11284:
11244:
11144:
10333:
10025:
10008:
9998:
9973:
9817:
9543:
9117:
8975:
8714:
6053:"Aznar se pregunta por qué los musulmanes no se disculpan 'por haber ocupado España ocho siglos'"
5381:
1978, Title II, Article 56, Subsection 2 and amended by Royal Decree 1368/1987, dated 6 November.
4842:
there since the 1960s. Juan Carlos, known as a keen yachtsman, was presented with a yacht by the
4245:
3763:
3639:
The debate on amending the Crown's succession law came to the forefront on 31 October 2005, when
3525:
3352:, or disperse his titles among his children – with the eldest getting the highest-ranking title,
3135:
3021:
Upon accession to the crown and being proclaimed before the Cortes Generales, the king swears an
2878:
2584:
2148:
2036:
1845:
1821:
1307:
1134:
840:
404:
292:
7663:"Las infantas Elena y Cristina se vacunaron en Emiratos aprovechando una visita a Juan Carlos I"
6628:
4630:
that form part of mankind's universal heritage." The Prince of Asturias Foundation holds annual
1296:
1268:, which supports and facilitates the sovereign in the exercise of his duties and prerogatives.
11264:
11259:
11053:
10968:
10815:
10527:
10460:
10328:
10277:
10209:
10109:
10099:
9897:
9832:
9639:
9568:
9055:
8704:
8694:
8449:
6876:
6419:
5035:, outside of academic and business circles, has a republican connotation absent in the Spanish
4906:
4861:
4799:
4525:
4292:
4037:
3860:
3738:
3671:
3644:
3574:
3464:
3319:
2874:
2418:
2376:
1920:, which was approved by 88% of voters. Juan Carlos' "quick wit and steady nerve" cut short the
1895:
1797:
1791:
1751:
1687:
1677:
1628:
1586:
1527:
1483:
1130:
674:
632:
168:
153:
8898:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6856:
4488:
at home. Furthermore, sporting a hunting vest and rifle the king was photographed over a dead
2590:
1531:
1479:
846:
12225:
12092:
12050:
11896:
11539:
11469:
11390:
11339:
11334:
11309:
11164:
11129:
11038:
11018:
10998:
10861:
10825:
10780:
10725:
10517:
10512:
10287:
10234:
10059:
9968:
9937:
9877:
9827:
9609:
9599:
9394:
9351:
9248:
9208:
9183:
8992:
8940:
8607:
8445:
7717:"Felipe VI dispara el apoyo a la MonarquĂa en las encuestas pese a las polĂ©micas de su padre"
6415:
5378:
4755:, who does not advise the king on matters of national defense, which is the portfolio of the
4050:
3876:
3871:. The oath as taken by President Zapatero on his second term in office on 17 April 2004 was:
3830:
2493:
2286:
2016:
1971:
1841:
1739:, attempted to rationalize administration and produce more revenue from the overseas empire.
1523:
1429:
749:
542:
272:
227:
149:
10189:
7897:
7329:
6540:
6514:
5711:
4036:
and into NATO. Following the tensions between Franco and the Papacy over the reforms of the
3889:
3821:
3443:
3145:, to confer civil and military offices, honours and distinctions in conformity with the law.
11369:
11314:
11274:
11234:
11229:
11224:
11209:
11204:
11194:
11189:
11169:
11149:
11139:
11134:
11124:
11023:
10942:
10906:
10856:
10715:
10640:
10425:
10302:
10094:
9869:
9847:
9842:
9807:
9749:
9281:
9213:
9203:
9050:
9009:
8997:
8664:
8543:
6853:
6439:
6081:
5849:
4748:
4593:
4577:
4139:
3907:
3758:
3749:
The constitution defines the government's responsibilities. The government consists of the
3629:
3383:
3152:
2970:
2851:
2473:
2366:
2302:
2114:
1906:
1858:
1771:
1732:
1487:
1327:
1272:
1107:
729:
622:
558:
370:
12176:
11068:
5923:
8:
12017:
11854:
11694:
11504:
11395:
11364:
11329:
11319:
11304:
11249:
11214:
11199:
11184:
11174:
11154:
11048:
10993:
10830:
10820:
10805:
10795:
10760:
10690:
10605:
10575:
10522:
10239:
9993:
9988:
9887:
9882:
9649:
9604:
9563:
9468:
9331:
9218:
9198:
9188:
8970:
8945:
8709:
8548:
8505:
8495:
8458:
8326:
7871:
7746:
6770:
6728:
6403:
6370:[Uribe is the Ibero-American leader best valued by the citizens of his country].
6128:
5793:
5758:
5353:
5151:
4827:
4822:
4793:
4667:
4493:
4020:
Members of the Organization of Ibero-American States. King Felipe VI serves as president.
3965:
3837:
3460:
3435:
3131:
2846:
2527:
2139:
2132:
1661:
1624:
1620:
1551:
1475:
1467:
1409:
1401:
1230:
1102:
783:
395:
388:
7694:"Si hubiera un referĂ©ndum: repĂşblica, 40,9%, monarquĂa 34,9%, con un 12,9% de indecisos"
7498:"España sigue siendo monárquica gracias a los andaluces y a pesar de catalanes y vascos"
6571:
6100:
4635:
Ibero-America and other countries, and serves as president of the Spanish branch of the
12022:
11435:
11354:
11299:
11279:
11269:
11239:
10947:
10770:
10765:
10730:
10710:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10650:
10645:
10590:
10497:
10343:
10214:
10104:
10084:
10040:
9983:
9978:
9955:
9922:
9912:
9902:
9784:
9326:
9321:
9223:
9193:
9142:
8982:
8965:
8904:
8801:
8767:
8659:
8500:
8490:
8063:
6686:
6391:
5984:
4834:
Juan Carlos began a tradition of taking his family on annual holidays to the island of
4485:
4033:
3848:
3771:
3554:
3472:
3456:
3431:
3303:). Children of an Infante or Infanta of Spain "shall have the consideration of Spanish
3275:
3264:
3254:
2988:
National sovereignty belongs to the Spanish people, from whom all State powers emanate.
2841:
2817:
2742:
2604:
2574:
2457:
2402:
2381:
1747:
1651:
1643:
1636:
1612:
1555:
1509:
1491:
1397:
1389:
1331:
1323:
1097:
1073:
998:
860:
830:
713:
658:
637:
173:
12064:
11882:
7181:
6474:. Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. 27 January 2009. Archived from
1425:
12036:
10973:
10963:
10926:
10800:
10785:
10660:
10630:
10600:
10595:
10570:
10507:
10502:
10492:
10363:
10312:
10199:
10194:
9553:
9538:
9341:
9253:
9238:
9233:
9173:
9112:
9102:
8923:
8909:
8865:
8844:
8782:
8568:
8533:
8523:
8454:
8416:
8231:
8224:
8205:
8183:
7632:
7596:
7530:"Empate tĂ©cnico por primera vez: la RepĂşblica ya tiene tanto apoyo como la MonarquĂa"
7060:
Los gestores de NĂłos facturaron al Instituto 1.700.000 euros cuando ya no funcionaba
6423:
6338:"Don Juan Carlos, sobre el matrimonio gay: 'Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica'"
5473:
5459:
4976:
4835:
4615:
to assist the organization to raise funds or to affect or promote government policy.
4411:
4130:
4103:
4091:
4055:
3496:
3468:
2827:
2579:
2352:
2031:
2021:
1940:
1873:
1849:
1827:
1717:
1691:
1616:
1604:
1539:
1535:
1503:
1428:
which united much of Christian Iberia under its leadership in the 11th century. From
1413:
1335:
1083:
835:
608:
287:
277:
196:
4568:, it became known on 2 March 2021 that the two sisters of King Felipe, the Infantas
3364:
2434:
1801:
1436:(r. 1106–1125), members of the Jiménez family claimed the historic Visigothic title
690:
12162:
10989:
10953:
10871:
10695:
10465:
10410:
10373:
10348:
10338:
10272:
10224:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10124:
10119:
9812:
9558:
9435:
9428:
9273:
9132:
9038:
8960:
8870:
8838:
8752:
8642:
8634:
8553:
8528:
8114:
7413:
7346:
6372:
5465:
5110:
5094:
5068:
5048:
5011:
4995:
4972:
4955:
4843:
4694:
4501:
4462:
4454:
4443:
3775:
3742:
3517:
3269:
3234:
3189:
3118:
3092:, Article 117, Articles 122 through 124, outlines the king's role in the country's
3069:
2622:
2279:
2272:
1853:
1547:
1471:
1393:
1253:
1214:
878:
535:
528:
134:
59:
19:
4868:
members of the royal family are not in residence. Maintenance and upkeep includes
4534:
4505:
4147:
It is incumbent upon the King ... to exercise Supreme Command of the Armed Forces.
4122:. Since 2000, Felipe has represented Spain in half of all diplomatic engagements.
3360:
2159:
1910:
1288:
415:
71:
12204:
11966:
11952:
11654:
11324:
10866:
10615:
10585:
10580:
10440:
10430:
10395:
10385:
10368:
10204:
10159:
10074:
9792:
9767:
9614:
9301:
9296:
9092:
8787:
8719:
8352:
8333:
8282:
8270:
8258:
8070:
7804:
7562:"Sondeo | Los españoles prefieren repĂşblica a monarquĂa por una mayorĂa absoluta"
7502:
7359:
7319:
7188:
7163:
7104:
7066:
7045:
7024:
7003:
6967:
6656:
6578:
6547:
6107:
6088:
6013:
5930:
5856:
5824:
5614:
5444:
4873:
4839:
4811:
4781:
4658:, the king's eldest daughter, is the Director of Cultural and Social Projects of
4517:
4357:, a former president of the CIS and founder of the private consulting firm ASEP (
3330:
3323:
3280:
3259:
3198:
2296:
1743:
1736:
1681:
1451:
1405:
552:
18:"Crown of Spain" redirects here. For the heraldic crown or physical regalia, see
12008:
7962:
7039:
http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/11/09/actualidad/1320868088_382205.html
6155:
5541:
3210:, but that he may also use other titles historically associated with the Crown.
2319:
2188:
1362:, representing over 700,000,000 people in twenty-four member nations worldwide.
575:
444:
12148:
11905:
11818:
11008:
10790:
10775:
10740:
10480:
10475:
10358:
10292:
10164:
9822:
9797:
9702:
9619:
9573:
9444:
9361:
9336:
9263:
9178:
8762:
8689:
8477:
8437:
8251:
7592:"Spain's former king to go into self-imposed exile amid corruption allegations"
7352:
6431:
6368:"Uribe is the Ibero-American leader best valued by the citizens of his country"
5469:
4869:
4671:
4580:
in order to receive the vaccine and avoid the waiting of the Spanish protocol.
4099:
4095:
4060:
3864:
3640:
3620:
3339:
3242:
3022:
1807:
1647:
1598:
1562:
1517:
1513:
1371:
1355:
8375:
8263:
8005:
7776:
7625:"Juan Carlos, Spain's Former King, Quits Country Amid Multiple Investigations"
6649:
6496:
6310:
3879:
as the main law of the State, and preserve in secret the deliberations of the
12240:
11814:
11105:
10655:
10420:
10415:
9837:
9695:
9654:
9634:
9402:
9258:
8583:
8558:
7636:
7408:
6395:
4607:, or religious organizations within Spain or internationally to become their
4068:
3733:
3625:
3588:
3508:
3504:
3246:
3214:
2999:
2497:
2198:
1695:
1574:
1339:
1319:
1292:
1280:
1242:
1234:
753:
454:
10184:
7534:
6912:
6910:
6908:
4821:
The Oriente Palace and the palaces of the El Pardo estate form part of the "
4509:
3934:) and promulgation (publication) of the laws with the king, while Title III
12120:
10745:
10267:
10229:
10129:
9712:
9449:
9407:
9291:
9147:
8578:
8538:
8219:
7797:
6923:
6435:
5127:
4765:
4079:
4045:
3931:
3121:
and to call for elections under the terms provided for in the Constitution.
3101:
2966:
2900:
2026:
1222:
1156:
282:
6822:
5461:
El tabaco y la esclavitud en la rearticulación imperial ibérica (s. XV-XX)
4851:, is also owned by the State and administered by the Patrimonio Nacional.
4701:
centered on United States and European relations, and other world issues.
1728:) to rule Spain. That dynasty still rules today under Felipe (Philip) VI.
12101:
11868:
10977:
10486:
10282:
10174:
10169:
10089:
9680:
9664:
9389:
9286:
8679:
8573:
8563:
7958:
6905:
6407:
6285:. European Commission Directorate-General for Translation. 1 March 2009.
6113:
5168:
4709:
will, and religious faith. In 2004, the speech was highly related to the
4431:
4119:
4087:
3951:
1632:
1351:
6724:"King Juan Carlos of Spain gives heir a correspondence course in ruling"
6515:"BOE.es Ley Orgánica 5/2005, de 17 de noviembre, de la Defensa Nacional"
5536:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5154:
Association, and member of different scientific and advisory committees.
4806:. However, King Felipe and Queen Letizia and their family reside at the
3925:
3064:
1949:
1482:
to rule over a Spanish kingdom. King Peter's heiress, his granddaughter
205:
12073:
11938:
11924:
11910:
11768:
1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.
10532:
10470:
10389:
9629:
9594:
8515:
8319:
4698:
4597:
4439:
4381:
4191:
4004:
3124:
To call for a referendum in the cases provided for in the Constitution.
1478:
who ruled as Henry II (r. 1369–1379). Henry II became the first of the
1343:
32:"Spanish Monarchy" redirects here. For the historiographical term, see
11813:
7432:
7323:
7157:
Romania: Elite Hunting Spree Sparks Calls For Better Animal Protection
5949:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5182:
3958:(the implication being that he may not endorse the bill), he answered
3592:. While drafting the new constitution, lawyer and liberal congressman
3007:
functions expressly conferred on him by the Constitution and the laws.
1424:
in the 8th century. One of the earliest influential dynasties was the
12190:
12059:
11564:
10891:
10881:
10450:
9757:
9644:
9243:
8950:
8588:
8345:
7845:
7339:
6673:
6269:
Title II the Crown, Article 57 (1), the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
6027:"Aznar: 'Muslims should apologize for occupying Spain for 800 years'"
5527:
4687:
4612:
4608:
4600:
4423:
4377:
4350:
3903:
3643:
was born to the current King and Queen of Spain. Amending the law to
3537:
2088:
1876:
political party, the supporters of the Bourbon royal family, and the
1767:
1543:
1459:
1381:
1276:
1238:
344:
100:
8385:
8380:
8275:
8083:
6360:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5659:
5657:
4234:
3000:
arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions
1852:
began in 1936 and ended on 1 April 1939 with the victory of General
90:
12171:
12157:
12129:
11863:
11028:
10911:
10901:
10720:
10219:
9491:
8669:
6802:
6280:"The English Style Guide (Fifth edition: 2005 Revised: March 2009)"
6230:
6160:
5936:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5591:
5546:
5180:
Felipe's interest in print journalism was revealed when he told an
4627:
4604:
4489:
4481:
4386:
4369:
4196:
4041:
3969:
3565:
1755:
1447:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5296:
1916:
The next year the king signed into law the new liberal democratic
12143:
12003:
11975:
11947:
11933:
11919:
11877:
11849:
11835:
10921:
10876:
10851:
10405:
10114:
9732:
9685:
9624:
9548:
9502:
8599:
7817:"Delivery of the National Awards of the Ministry of Culture 2008"
7266:
7264:
7262:
7260:
6148:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5276:
4982:
4901:
4474:
4430:
Spain. Part of the left criticize the institution of monarchy as
3964:("I am the King of Spain, not of Belgium") – a reference to King
3728:
3304:
3291:
3285:
1877:
127:
7079:"El Rey aparta a Urdangarin por su comportamiento 'no ejemplar'"
5634:
5508:. New York: Cambridge University Press 1983, pp. 346–52, 359–68.
4587:
3084:, Article 62, delineates the powers of the king, while Title IV
12199:
12115:
12045:
11989:
11961:
11891:
11003:
10916:
10179:
10079:
9722:
9578:
7980:
7168:
6883:""Chastened King Seeks Redemption, for Spain and His Monarchy""
5099:
arbitra y modera el funcionamiento regular de las instituciones
4803:
4798:
The king and queen preside over many official functions at the
4759:
and President of the Government to advise the king. Rather, the
4477:
4111:
3721:
3578:
3217:, will formally be addressed as "His Majesty and Her Majesty" (
3206:
The 1978 constitution confirms the title of the monarch is the
1376:
1347:
1237:, being the highest office of the country. The current King is
8112:[Your Home: They will live here after their wedding].
7765:
7336:"Al Shoula-Led Group Wins Saudi Contract for Haramain Railway"
7257:
5511:
5273:
4449:
The monarchy became subject to sharpened criticism during the
1931:
1894:
Despite Franco's alliance with the Carlists, Franco appointed
12185:
12087:
12031:
9460:
8630:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6427:
5957:. Spanish Ministry of Justice. 4 January 2008. Archived from
5708:"Spanish Constitution of 1978/Preliminary Title - Wikisource"
4693:
The king, queen, and Infanta Cristina are all members of the
4674:
for the 2nd World Assembly on Ageing, and is a member of the
3868:
3816:, Article 99 (1) & (2), the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
3532:
3507:, which is the crime or offense violating the dignity of the
2962:
1782:, the rightful heir to the crown according to the Salic Law.
1474:(r. 1334–1369) at the hands of his illegitimate half-brother
1241:
since 19 June 2014, after the abdication of his father, King
1226:
3375:. All successive politicians remain active within politics.
1808:
Second Spanish Republic and dictatorship of Francisco Franco
11219:
11098:
10886:
9727:
9717:
9707:
9690:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6607:
6320:
5753:
5751:
5749:
4541:, while also helping to resolve disputes in Latin America.
4484:
while Spanish citizens suffered crippling unemployment and
3906:
facilitates a smoother nomination process. In the event of
2486:
1921:
742:
8226:
Juan Carlos; Steering Spain from Dictatorship to Democracy
6943:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6753:
6751:
6498:
King Juan Carlos calls for an immediate cease fire in Gaza
6446:"La Casa Real mantiene congelado su presupuesto para 2023"
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5729:
4961:
que le atribuyen expresamente la ConstituciĂłn y las leyes.
4074:
The monarch is assisted in his diplomatic missions by the
4016:
3902:
a plurality and who are already familiar with their party
3176:
7193:
6834:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5833:
4426:
routinely protest the monarchy as the living symbol of a
3628:
reintroduced the right and designated his elder daughter
1497:
1310:
as the form of government for Spain after the end of the
184:
7018:
Anticorrupción registra la fundación de Iñaki Urdangarin
6798:"Spanish TV head fired for cutting jeering king footage"
6717:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6604:
5983:. Amnesty International. 30 January 2001. Archived from
5027:
The President of the Government is usually known as the
4704:
King Juan Carlos built a tradition of presenting annual
4520:
line by leveraging his personal relationship with Saudi
3545:
laws after publishing an issue with a caricature of the
3263:, historically associated with the heir apparent to the
1248:
The Spanish monarchy is constitutionally referred to as
8230:. New York, NY; London, England: W.W. Norton & Co.
7747:"ConstituciĂłn española de 1978 TĂtulo II. De la Corona"
7209:"King's bison shoot stirs anger of conservation groups"
6881:
Carvajal, Doreen; Minder, Raphael (29 September 2012).
6748:
6220:
6218:
6191:"Protesters burn pictures of King Juan Carlos in Spain"
5869:
Goodman, Al; Mullen, Jethro; Levs, Josh (2 June 2014).
5812:
5726:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5571:
5569:
4402:
King Juan Carlos I to Felipe, Prince of Asturias, 1984.
3390:
is Spain's highest military award for gallantry. Other
3279:
historically associated with the heir apparent for the
3068:
Felipe of Bourbon and Greece takes the oath before the
1573:, the crown established high courts ("Audiencias") and
7977:"Bilderberg Group Meets in Athens Amid Tight Security"
7308:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7300:
6997:
Iñaki Urdangarin is involved in the 'Palma Arena' case
6572:
Ley 39/2007, de 19 de noviembre, de la carrera militar
5830:
4769:
from the Army, the Navy, and the Air and Space Force.
3786:
represented in the Cortes, and then consults with the
3655:
Constitutionally, the current heirs of Felipe VI are:
3160:
To exercise the High Patronage of the Royal Academies.
1898:
as his successor, who is credited with presiding over
1542:. Each kingdom retained its basic structure. The last
1490:, reuniting the dynasties in the person of their son,
7353:"Saudi railway to be built by Spanish-led consortium"
6706:
6472:"Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation"
5917:
4971:
The King of Spain may also use the formal address of
4584:
cent would choose the monarchy, while 37 rejects it.
3926:
Royal assent, judiciary, and promulgation of the laws
1420:
or Reconquest of the Iberian peninsula following the
11771:
2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.
8076:
8059:
8057:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8041:
8039:
7404:"Spain's King Attends Last Parade Before Abdication"
6621:"Spaniards say King Juan Carlos plays valuable role"
6215:
6185:
6183:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5566:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5245:
4171:, Article 3, National Defense Act, November 17, 2005
2969:
of the State and by extension fulfills the role of "
1804:
restored the Bourbon dynasty to the throne in 1874.
1702:
in the 18th century, culminating in the treaties of
1350:-guardianship contingency in cases of the monarch's
25:"King of Spain" redirects here. For other uses, see
8037:
8035:
8033:
8031:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8019:
7297:
5448:. New York: Cambridge University Press 1983, p. 19.
5243:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5031:in many English language publications as the title
4735:The royal household organization, constitutionally
4626:), which aims to promote "scientific, cultural and
4508:, chairman of the Spanish telecommunications giant
4259:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4156:, Article 62 (H), the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
4011:
3968:who had refused to sign the Belgian law legalising
3892:, given before the king 17 April 2004, La Zarzuela.
3610:, Article 57 (1), the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
3314:
Knight's insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece
1883:
8223:
7465:
7272:
6121:
5896:
3751:President of the Government and ministers of state
1731:In the mid-eighteenth century, particularly under
6682:"Spaniards A royal pain for the Spanish monarchy"
6180:
5868:
5777:
4003:Additionally, the king appoints the State Public
3449:
1900:Spain's transition from dictatorship to democracy
12238:
11774:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.
8182:. London, England; New York, NY: Penguin Books.
8016:
6766:"King Juan Carlos of Spain's letters to his son"
6414:in the 8th century. A dynastic marriage between
6312:RodrĂguez Zapatero is sworn into his second term
6250:
5222:
4965:
2993:Article 2(2) of the Spanish Constitution of 1978
7396:
7374:"A King Makes a Powerful Change, for Stability"
6226:"Two fined for torching effigy of Spanish king"
5457:
4090:, Australia, New Zealand and many countries in
3490:, Article 56, the Spanish Constitution of 1978.
3183:List of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown
2980:According to the Spanish Constitution voted in
1664:, last of the Spanish Habsburgs, triggered the
1450:alliances and marriages, and became patrons to
6880:
6541:BOE.es Real Decreto 1310/2007, de 5 de octubre
6301:
4946:monarchy apart from the prior historic office.
4666:, the king's youngest daughter, served as the
4664:Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca
3980:(Spain's Supreme Court), and then appoint the
3978:General Council of the Judicial Power of Spain
3737:A copy of the Spanish Constitution, signed by
3729:King, the government, and the Cortes Generales
3171:, Article 62, the Spanish Constitution of 1978
3043:, Article 61, the Spanish Constitution of 1978
3016:, Article 56, the Spanish Constitution of 1978
11799:
11084:
9476:
8615:
8401:
5126:Juan Carlos' had a special relationship with
4854:
4787:
4680:International Foundation for Disabled Sailing
4588:Charitable, cultural, and religious patronage
4125:
3959:
3954:if he would endorse the 2005 bill legalizing
3757:, civil and military administration, and the
3678:Felipe Juan Froilán de Marichalar y de Borbón
3520:in other democratic countries. Additionally,
3455:This legal convention mirrors the concept of
3404:Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild
2930:
1655:
1466:, but divided his empire among his sons. The
1186:
6464:
4646:Queen SofĂa devotes much of her time to the
4453:, particularly 2012 which became a kind of "
4359:Análisis SociolĂłgicos EconĂłmicos y PolĂticos
3825:King Felipe VI addressing Parliament in the
3249:, will have the style "His Royal Highness" (
1603:In 1505, the Spanish monarchy passed to the
8252:The Royal Household of His Majesty the King
8139:
8137:
6919:"Spanish royal family hit by fraud scandal"
6790:
6123:"Spanish King Juan Carlos defends monarchy"
5705:Spanish Constitution of 1978 (in English):
4459:Iñaki Urdangarin, Duke of Palma de Mallorca
4224:
3684:Victoria Federica de Marichalar y de BorbĂłn
1932:Crown, constitution, and royal prerogatives
1660:late-medieval system. The death in 1700 of
1462:, was the last to claim the imperial title
1388:The monarchy in Spain has its roots in the
11806:
11792:
11091:
11077:
9483:
9469:
8622:
8608:
8408:
8394:
8110:"Su casa: Aquà vivirán después de casarse"
6390:The Spanish monarchy has its roots in the
5898:"Spain will have two kings and two queens"
5399:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5387:
4195:King Felipe VI attends a NATO exercise in
2937:
2923:
1522:In the 15th century, the marriage between
1193:
1179:
7313:"El Rey cuenta su salario: 292.752 euros"
5889:
4319:Learn how and when to remove this message
4214:Juan Carlos Easter Military Address, 1980
3961:"Soy el Rey de España y no el de Bélgica"
3692:, younger daughter of King Juan Carlos I.
3560:
3194:List of military decorations § Spain
2390:Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain
1785:
1458:, the first of the Spanish branch of the
646:Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain
8204:. London, England: Macmillan Press Ltd.
8134:
8102:
7947:
7538:(in European Spanish). 10 January 2019.
7440:"Polls show Spanish happy with monarchy"
6916:
6831:"Not so happy birthday for Spain's king"
5871:"Spain's King Juan Carlos I to abdicate"
4892:Line of succession to the Spanish throne
4726:
4716:
4682:, and Director of Social Welfare at the
4219:
4190:
4129:
4015:
3820:
3732:
3564:
3309:
3197:
3105:except as provided under section 65(2).
3072:during the proclamation ceremony at the
3063:
2864:Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18
1913:as President of the Government in 1977.
1811:
1454:(c. 950–c. 1130). Urraca's son and heir
1375:
1120:Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18
11099:Heads of state and government of Europe
8218:
8202:Juan Carlos of Spain; Self Made Monarch
7840:
7838:
7270:
6828:
6679:
6443:
5759:"Part IV Government and Administration"
5384:
5267:Juan Carlos of Spain; Self Made Monarch
3790:(who, in this instance, represents the
3753:. The government conducts domestic and
3674:, elder daughter of King Juan Carlos I.
3177:Styles, titles, and the fount of Honour
1538:, united two important kingdoms of the
1470:(1366 to 1369) ended with the death of
12239:
9518:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
8376:Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas
8264:Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas
8196:
8174:
8090:from the original on 19 September 2009
7955:"Bilderberg Meeting of 1997 Assembles"
7922:
7622:
7371:
7085:from the original on 18 September 2020
6650:Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas
6600:Spanish Knowledge article on Villespin
5130:whose death greatly affected the king.
4342:Centro de Investigaciones SociolĂłgicas
3867:over an open Constitution next to the
3616:Male-preference cognatic primogeniture
3130:To appoint and dismiss members of the
2837:Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain
1902:by fully endorsing political reforms.
1642:Philip's reign marked the peak of the
1498:Marital union of the Catholic Monarchs
1334:the use of royal styles and titulary,
1093:Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain
11787:
11072:
9748:
9464:
8893:Natural Sites of Community Importance
8603:
8415:
8389:
7904:from the original on 5 September 2012
7878:from the original on 9 September 2012
7753:from the original on 12 November 2020
7714:
7572:from the original on 22 December 2020
7542:from the original on 19 December 2020
7510:from the original on 29 November 2020
6960:
6931:from the original on 15 December 2019
6893:from the original on 13 December 2019
6763:
6736:from the original on 16 December 2019
6721:
6694:from the original on 15 December 2019
6680:Burnett, Victoria (17 October 2008).
6521:from the original on 15 December 2019
6380:from the original on 13 December 2020
6348:from the original on 18 December 2020
6119:
5877:from the original on 26 November 2020
5765:from the original on 20 November 2020
5622:from the original on 30 November 2020
5610:"Spanish King rebrands for recession"
5360:from the original on 12 November 2020
5354:"TĂtulo II. De la Corona, Wikisource"
4784:, so long as the other party agrees.
4347:English: Sociological Research Center
3930:The constitution vests the sanction (
3141:To issue the decrees approved in the
2519:Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain
1866:Head of state of the Kingdom of Spain
1654:, developed under the purview of the
1360:Organization of Ibero-American States
775:Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain
8084:"National Heritage Official Website"
8007:Mensaje de S.M. Juan Carlos I – 2008
7835:
7823:from the original on 17 October 2015
7478:from the original on 11 January 2022
7384:from the original on 31 January 2021
7285:from the original on 11 January 2022
7111:from the original on 25 January 2017
7105:"Desde nuestros comienzos hasta hoy"
6917:Tremlett, Giles (11 December 2011).
6841:from the original on 26 October 2020
6669:Spanish Knowledge article on the CIS
6289:from the original on 24 October 2020
6136:from the original on 11 January 2022
5905:from the original on 11 January 2022
5800:from the original on 6 November 2020
5680:. Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE).
5504:James Lockhart and Stuart Schwartz,
5435:James Lockhart and Stuart Schwartz,
4678:Board of Trustees, president of the
4257:adding citations to reliable sources
4228:
3581:. Urraca succeeded as queen in 1108.
2245:Spanish prime-ministerial transition
1592:
1585:, 1538, which was later replaced by
1567:Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
1314:and the restoration of democracy in
501:Spanish prime-ministerial transition
9372:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
8327:TĂtulo II. De la Corona, Wikisource
7691:
7219:from the original on 27 August 2013
7206:
6199:. 14 September 2007. Archived from
6156:"Spain royal sex cartoonists fined"
6063:from the original on 7 January 2020
5554:from the original on 6 January 2010
5542:"Spain's fast-living king turns 70"
5403:Title II, Article 56, Subsection 1.
4637:Association of European Journalists
4504:is Spain's No. 1 ambassador," said
3710:, youngest son of Infanta Cristina.
3541:was fined for violation of Spain's
3408:Order of Saint Raimundo de Penafort
3181:For a more comprehensive list, see
3151:To exercise supreme command of the
3114:To sanction and promulgate the laws
1671:
1571:Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
1264:, his or her royal family, and the
13:
9513:List of current sovereign monarchs
8629:
8381:National Heritage official website
8276:National Heritage official website
8073:Household of H.M. the King website
7987:from the original on 21 March 2019
7935:from the original on 27 April 2019
7643:from the original on 21 March 2022
7604:from the original on 21 March 2022
7182:"Royal row over Russian bear fate"
6975:from the original on 19 April 2017
6256:Klapisch-Zuber, Christine (1992).
6168:from the original on 24 March 2012
5486:from the original on 24 April 2022
5261:
5163:Conservative radio talk show host
4065:Ibero-American States Organization
4008:according to Articles 62 and 102.
3672:The Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo
3338:, nobility and grandee titles are
3318:Following his abdication in 2014,
2823:Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
1340:hereditary succession to the crown
1079:Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
14:
12273:
11675:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
11345:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
8369:
8122:from the original on 2 April 2019
7673:from the original on 2 March 2021
7623:Minder, Raphael (3 August 2020).
7245:from the original on 22 June 2012
6627:. 1 February 2008. Archived from
6590:National Defense Directive 1/2000
6438:as Isabella and Ferdinand funded
5687:from the original on 4 March 2016
4690:where she lives with her family.
4116:International Labour Organization
3768:Presidente del Gobierno de España
3704:, middle son of Infanta Cristina.
3698:, eldest son of Infanta Cristina.
3528:as the king's appointed officer.
3388:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
3295:(prince or princess), and styled
1260:), and it comprises the reigning
77:Coat of arms of the King of Spain
12262:Pretenders to the Spanish throne
12219:
12198:
12184:
12170:
12156:
12142:
12128:
12114:
12100:
12086:
12072:
12058:
12044:
12030:
12016:
12002:
11988:
11974:
11960:
11946:
11932:
11918:
11904:
11890:
11876:
11862:
11848:
11834:
10031:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8467:
7999:
7969:
7916:
7890:
7864:
7852:from the original on 14 May 2011
7809:
7791:
7739:
7727:from the original on 14 May 2023
7715:Riaño, Miguel (7 January 2021).
7708:
7704:from the original on 4 May 2023.
7271:Roberts, Martin (21 July 2012).
6400:fall of the Western Roman Empire
6033:from the original on 23 May 2009
5424:Byzantium – The Decline and Fall
5197:
5174:
4814:, a former hunting lodge on the
4530:Haramain High Speed Rail Project
4233:
4012:King and international diplomacy
3436:Order of the Knights of Santiago
3080:The 1978 Constitution, Title II
2957:, Articles 56 through 65 of the
2894:
2813:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
2410:General Council of the Judiciary
2120:Succession to the Spanish throne
1948:
1884:Re-establishment of the Monarchy
1832:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
1312:dictatorship of Francisco Franco
1150:
1069:Dictatorship of Francisco Franco
666:General Council of the Judiciary
376:Succession to the Spanish throne
204:
89:
70:
9508:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
8936:Autonomous communities of Spain
8145:"El yate del Rey sale más caro"
7773:"Prince of Asturias Foundation"
7685:
7655:
7616:
7584:
7554:
7522:
7490:
7458:
7372:Minder, Raphael (2 June 2014).
7365:
7231:
7200:
7175:
7150:
7129:
7123:
7097:
7071:
7050:
7029:
7008:
6987:
6662:
6643:
6593:
6584:
6564:
6552:
6533:
6507:
6490:
6330:
6272:
6263:
6120:Govan, Fiona (4 October 2007).
6094:
6075:
6045:
6019:
5999:
5973:
5862:
5794:"TĂtulo VI. Del Poder Judicial"
5699:
5498:
5157:
5143:
5133:
5120:
5104:
5087:
5078:
5062:
5042:
5021:
5005:
4989:
4949:
4706:Christmas Eve National Speeches
4244:needs additional citations for
4108:Organization of American States
3741:, is held at the Palace of the
3716:, daughter of Infanta Cristina.
3392:orders, decorations, and medals
3233:) rather than the traditional "
3109:It is incumbent upon the King:
2808:Spanish transition to democracy
2372:Bureaus of the Cortes Generales
2235:Government Delegated Committees
2012:Spanish transition to democracy
1922:attempted military coup in 1981
1890:Reign of Juan Carlos I of Spain
1816:Spanish Royal Crown and Scepter
1710:, which preserved the European
1646:(1492–1659), a period of great
1627:in English). With the death of
1456:Alfonso VII of LeĂłn and Castile
1064:Spanish transition to democracy
628:Bureaus of the Cortes Generales
491:Government Delegated Committees
268:Spanish transition to democracy
9490:
9347:National and regional identity
7961:. 13 June 1997. Archived from
6829:Goodman, Al (4 January 2008).
6764:Govan, Fiona (29 March 2008).
6722:Govan, Fiona (29 March 2008).
6376:(in Spanish). 7 October 2008.
5675:"Spanish Constitution of 1978"
5523:From Dictatorship to Democracy
5451:
5429:
5416:
5406:
5372:
4924:
4656:Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo
4624:FundaciĂłn PrĂncipe de Asturias
4559:business deals in Saudi Arabia
4186:U.S. National Security Council
4134:Emblem of Spanish Armed Forces
4054:, was awarded the prestigious
4030:Reencounter and Reconciliation
3982:President of the Supreme Court
3720:The constitution outlines the
3668:, younger daughter of the King
3450:Inviolability and lèse-majesté
3396:Order of Isabella the Catholic
3329:The monarch's position as the
2760:Politics of the European Union
1476:Henry, 1st Count of Trastámara
1016:Politics of the European Union
27:King of Spain (disambiguation)
1:
8358:Prince of Asturias Foundation
7416:. 8 June 2014. Archived from
7132:"Cazador blanco, sangre azul"
6961:Elkin, Mike (16 April 2012).
6806:. 15 May 2009. Archived from
6234:. 1 June 2009. Archived from
6101:(Spanish) Order of 8 May 2000
5955:"Nobility and Grandee Titles"
5210:
4912:Contemporary history of Spain
4737:La Casa de Su Majestad el Rey
4620:Prince of Asturias Foundation
4539:George W. Bush administration
4138:The role of the Crown in the
3916:late-2000s economic recession
3814:Government and Administration
3708:Miguel UrdangarĂn y de BorbĂłn
3373:Marquess of la RĂa de Ribadeo
3086:Government and Administration
3074:Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid
2860:Catalan independence movement
2507:Governor of the Bank of Spain
1666:War of the Spanish succession
1380:Dynastic line from the first
1116:Catalan independence movement
763:Governor of the Bank of Spain
9523:List of monarchy referendums
7923:Oliver, Mark (4 June 2004).
7669:(in Spanish). 2 March 2021.
7506:(in Spanish). 19 June 2019.
6412:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
5618:. London. 26 February 2010.
5215:
4761:Head of the Military Chamber
4753:Head of the Military Chamber
4643:National Awards Ceremonies.
3888:Oath of office of President
3714:Irene UrdangarĂn y de BorbĂłn
3702:Pablo UrdangarĂn y de BorbĂłn
3686:, daughter of Infanta Elena.
3662:, elder daughter of the King
3440:Order of Sant Jordi d'Alfama
3326:of King and Queen of Spain.
2959:Spanish Constitution of 1978
2870:Disputed status of Gibraltar
2108:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
1999:Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas
1838:1931 Spanish local elections
1760:Spanish Constitution of 1812
1720:was the first member of the
1615:as Charles V), son of Queen
1422:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
1304:Spanish Constitution of 1978
1285:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
1275:is currently represented by
1126:Disputed status of Gibraltar
364:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
255:Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas
140:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
7:
9367:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
8246:Spanish government websites
7698:ctxt.es | Contexto y AcciĂłn
7239:"WWF asks to speak to king"
6963:"Spanish royals under fire"
6344:(in Spanish). 13 May 2006.
4880:
4178:President of the Government
3764:President of the Government
3696:Juan UrdangarĂn y de BorbĂłn
3526:President of the Government
3136:President of the Government
3117:To summon and dissolve the
3050:The oath reads as follows:
2541:Administrative subdivisions
2260:Economic and Social Council
2240:Interministerial Committees
1909:and appointed the reformer
1880:, until his death in 1975.
797:Administrative subdivisions
516:Economic and Social Council
496:Interministerial Committees
10:
12278:
8167:
8147:. El Siglo. Archived from
7274:"King no longer president"
6444:RTVE.es (6 October 2022).
5470:10.4000/books.cidehus.5987
5269:. St. Martin's Press, Inc.
4897:45 Grupo de Fuerzas AĂ©reas
4855:Annual budget and taxation
4791:
4788:Residences and royal sites
4720:
4711:2004 Madrid train bombings
4566:COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
4126:King as Commander-in-Chief
4098:, the institutions of the
3794:of the Cortes Generales).
3380:Order of the Golden Fleece
3354:Succession by Distribution
3322:and his wife SofĂa retain
3187:
3180:
2975:late-2000s economic crisis
1887:
1825:
1819:
1789:
1766:, Ferdinand set aside the
1764:Pragmatic Sanction of 1830
1675:
1596:
1507:
1501:
1438:Imperator totius Hispaniae
1434:Urraca of LeĂłn and Castile
1369:
1365:
1291:, and the king's parents,
158:Catholic Monarchs of Spain
38:
31:
24:
17:
12214:
11828:
11764:
11744:
11713:
11445:
11434:
11414:
11383:
11115:
11104:
10935:
10844:
10558:
10321:
10255:
10067:
10058:
9954:
9936:
9868:
9783:
9741:
9673:
9587:
9531:
9498:
9422:
9380:
9272:
9169:
9160:
9046:
9037:
8931:
8922:
8809:
8800:
8745:
8650:
8641:
8514:
8476:
8465:
8436:
8423:
8303:Monsters and Critics news
8281:19 September 2009 at the
7318:11 September 2017 at the
6430:in the 15th century. The
5165:Federico Jimenez Losantos
3297:His or Her Royal Highness
3098:constitutional convention
3059:Oath of the king of Spain
2250:List of agencies in Spain
1700:Spanish War of Succession
506:List of agencies in Spain
180:
164:
145:
133:
123:
118:
114:
110:
97:
88:
83:
69:
58:
50:
9660:Self-proclaimed monarchy
9025:Wars and armed conflicts
8665:Ancient History Timeline
8332:12 November 2020 at the
8069:3 September 2012 at the
7846:"Queen SofĂa Foundation"
7187:3 September 2007 at the
7002:29 December 2017 at the
6774:. London. Archived from
6577:14 February 2021 at the
6546:10 December 2019 at the
6517:. pp. 37717–37723.
6434:became one of the first
6012:25 November 2011 at the
5929:14 February 2021 at the
5823:19 November 2012 at the
5052:
4917:
4887:List of Spanish consorts
4723:Royal Household of Spain
4333:Spanish financial crisis
4225:Popularity and criticism
3660:The Princess of Asturias
3350:Succession by Assignment
2522:Margarita Delgado Tejero
2140:Government of the Nation
778:Margarita Delgado Tejero
396:Government of the Nation
41:List of Spanish monarchs
11550:Holy See (Vatican City)
11220:Holy See (Vatican City)
9928:Vatican City (Holy See)
8725:Transition to democracy
8700:Reaction and revolution
7023:9 November 2019 at the
6106:18 October 2004 at the
6087:30 October 2020 at the
4930:According to historian
4751:are represented by the
4576:, had travelled to the
4436:liberal agenda in Spain
4392:Juan Carlos continued;
3788:Speaker of the Congress
3784:political party leaders
3680:, son of Infanta Elena.
3428:Order of Cultural Merit
3412:Order of Military Merit
3076:the 19th of June, 2014.
2879:Second Spanish Republic
1896:Juan Carlos I de BorbĂłn
1846:Second Spanish Republic
1822:Second Spanish Republic
1796:In September 1873, the
1561:The territories of the
1308:constitutional monarchy
1135:Second Spanish Republic
11490:Bosnia and Herzegovina
11160:Bosnia and Herzegovina
10210:Islands of Refreshment
9640:Legitimacy (political)
9315:International Interest
9123:Science and technology
8819:Autonomous communities
8346:Queen SofĂa Foundation
7925:"The Bilderberg group"
7358:28 August 2020 at the
6420:Ferdinand II of Aragon
6082:Royal Decree 1051/2002
5855:13 August 2014 at the
5422:Norwich, John Julius,
5114:
5098:
5072:
5015:
4999:
4959:
4907:Republicanism in Spain
4732:
4731:Royal Palace of Madrid
4648:Queen SofĂa Foundation
4526:Miguel Angel Moratinos
4405:
4217:
4200:
4184:basic function as the
4174:
4159:
4135:
4038:Second Vatican Council
4021:
4001:
3960:
3895:
3833:
3819:
3746:
3645:absolute primogeniture
3613:
3582:
3575:Parque del Buen Retiro
3561:Succession and regency
3493:
3465:parliamentary immunity
3363:, who was created 1st
3315:
3203:
3174:
3077:
3062:
3048:
3019:
2996:
2875:Republicanism in Spain
2548:Autonomous communities
2513:Pablo Hernández de Cos
2464:High courts of justice
2447:Francisco MarĂn Castán
2377:Board of Spokespersons
2230:Government Delegations
2218:Sánchez III Government
2007:Constitutional history
1817:
1798:First Spanish Republic
1792:First Spanish Republic
1786:First Spanish Republic
1678:Enlightenment in Spain
1656:
1629:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1607:in the person of King
1577:in important regions (
1530:, both members of the
1528:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1484:Catherine of Lancaster
1385:
1257:
1225:form of government of
1218:
1131:Republicanism in Spain
804:Autonomous communities
769:Pablo Hernández de Cos
720:High courts of justice
703:Francisco MarĂn Castán
633:Board of Spokespersons
486:Government Delegations
474:Sánchez III Government
263:Constitutional history
169:Royal Palace of Madrid
154:Ferdinand II of Aragon
63:
10021:Saint Kitts and Nevis
9610:Criticism of monarchy
9600:Abolition of monarchy
9352:National Day of Spain
8430:Monarchs' family tree
7207:WWF (24 March 2004).
7065:11 April 2019 at the
6416:Isabella I of Castile
5379:Constitution of Spain
4741:Head of the Household
4730:
4717:Household of the king
4652:FundaciĂłn Reina SofĂa
4596:are often invited by
4394:
4220:Contemporary monarchy
4206:
4194:
4160:
4145:
4133:
4019:
3986:
3873:
3853:CuestiĂłn de confianza
3831:14th Cortes Generales
3824:
3796:
3759:defense of the nation
3736:
3598:
3568:
3478:
3420:Order of Aerial Merit
3369:Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo
3313:
3201:
3188:Further information:
3107:
3094:independent judiciary
3067:
3052:
3028:
3004:
2986:
2965:, and represents the
2494:European Central Bank
2287:15th Cortes Generales
2168:Deputy Prime Minister
1990:Cándido Conde-Pumpido
1918:Constitution of Spain
1815:
1746:, the French Emperor
1524:Isabella I of Castile
1432:(r. 1000–1035) until
1430:Sancho III of Navarre
1379:
750:European Central Bank
543:15th Cortes Generales
424:Deputy Prime Minister
246:Cándido Conde-Pumpido
150:Isabella I of Castile
11714:Partially recognised
11384:Partially recognised
9853:United Arab Emirates
8956:Constitutional Court
8118:(in Spanish). 2004.
7162:16 June 2008 at the
6440:Christopher Columbus
6164:. 13 November 2007.
5587:An Engaging Monarchy
5443:5 April 2023 at the
4973:His Catholic Majesty
4749:Spanish Armed Forces
4578:United Arab Emirates
4416:regional separatists
4380:, and on a selfless
4253:improve this article
4140:Spanish Armed Forces
4044:and Spain, and with
3881:Council of Ministers
3690:The Infanta Cristina
3551:Princess of Asturias
3503:) exists in Spanish
3424:Order of Civil Merit
3416:Order of Naval Merit
3384:Order of Charles III
3371:who was created 1st
3239:Su CatĂłlica Majestad
3143:Council of Ministers
2971:Father of the Nation
2949:The Crown of Spain (
2474:Prosecution Ministry
2367:Permanent Deputation
2362:Parliamentary groups
2330:Congress of Deputies
2212:Council of Ministers
1979:Constitutional Court
1907:Carlos Arias Navarro
1733:Charles III of Spain
1546:of the crown of the
1443:Emperor of All Spain
1328:Spanish Armed Forces
730:Prosecution Ministry
623:Permanent Deputation
618:Parliamentary groups
586:Congress of Deputies
468:Council of Ministers
235:Constitutional Court
185:The Spanish Monarchy
12252:Government of Spain
11745:Unrecognised states
11415:Unrecognised states
11049:Trinidad and Tobago
10936:Commonwealth realms
10821:United Baltic Duchy
9964:Antigua and Barbuda
9956:Commonwealth realms
9650:Order of succession
8899:Plazas de soberanĂa
8351:14 May 2011 at the
8269:1 June 2009 at the
8257:7 July 2007 at the
7472:The Daily Telegraph
7446:on 13 November 2018
7362:"BBC News Business"
7044:22 May 2020 at the
6771:The Daily Telegraph
6729:The Daily Telegraph
6655:1 June 2009 at the
6478:on 13 February 2013
6404:Kingdom of Asturias
6129:The Daily Telegraph
5714:on 4 September 2010
5506:Early Latin America
5438:Early Latin America
5152:World Values Survey
4862:Luxembourg monarchy
4828:Patrimonio Nacional
4823:Spanish royal sites
4794:Spanish royal sites
4778:Casa de S.M. El Rey
4757:Minister of Defence
4684:La Caixa Foundation
4668:Goodwill Ambassador
4641:Ministry of Culture
4494:World Wildlife Fund
4339:, president of the
4268:"Monarchy of Spain"
3966:Baudouin of Belgium
3936:The Cortes Generals
3857:SalĂłn de Audiencias
3594:JoaquĂn SatrĂşstegui
3535:satirical magazine
3461:liberal democracies
3345:Title of Concession
3336:Ministry of Justice
3245:, the husband of a
2951:la Corona de España
2743:Diplomatic missions
2591:Plazas de soberanĂa
2528:Royal Mint of Spain
2179:MarĂa JesĂşs Montero
1776:heiress presumptive
1625:Philip the Handsome
1621:Philip I of Castile
1552:Andreas Palaiologos
1532:House of Trastámara
1480:House of Trastámara
1468:Castilian Civil War
1416:, which fought the
1330:. The constitution
1229:. It consists of a
999:Diplomatic missions
847:Plazas de soberanĂa
784:Royal Mint of Spain
435:MarĂa JesĂşs Montero
11650:Russian Federation
11320:Russian Federation
9128:Telecommunications
8829:Biosphere Reserves
8730:Contemporary Spain
8720:Spain under Franco
8660:Prehistoric Iberia
8363:Codespa Foundation
7898:"Infanta Cristina"
7803:4 May 2009 at the
7798:Codespa Foundation
7667:elconfidencial.com
7629:The New York Times
7378:The New York Times
7197:, 20 October 2006.
7172:, 27 January 2005.
6887:The New York Times
6687:The New York Times
6561:, 10 October 2007.
6398:founded after the
6392:Visigothic Kingdom
6258:A History of Women
6203:on 8 November 2010
5550:. 4 January 2008.
4733:
4486:austerity measures
4412:political spectrum
4351:National Ombudsman
4337:Fernando Villespin
4201:
4136:
4034:European Community
4022:
3998:, Article 122 (3).
3890:RodrĂguez Zapatero
3861:la Zarzuela Palace
3849:Vote of Confidence
3834:
3747:
3583:
3555:sexual intercourse
3473:qualified immunity
3457:sovereign immunity
3444:Order of Alcántara
3432:Order of Calatrava
3400:Order of Alfonso X
3316:
3267:; with the titles
3265:Kingdom of Navarre
3255:Prince of Asturias
3204:
3078:
2818:Anarchism in Spain
2458:Audiencia Nacional
2382:People's Defender
2042:Capital punishment
1818:
1748:Napoleon Bonaparte
1648:colonial expansion
1644:Spanish Golden Age
1637:Philip II of Spain
1613:Holy Roman Emperor
1556:Kingdom of Granada
1510:Composite monarchy
1392:and its Christian
1390:Visigothic Kingdom
1386:
1384:kings to Felipe VI
1336:royal prerogatives
1324:commander-in-chief
1293:King Juan Carlos I
1283:, their daughters
1233:who reigns as the
1231:hereditary monarch
1219:MonarquĂa Española
1074:Anarchism in Spain
714:Audiencia Nacional
638:People's Defender
298:Capital punishment
174:Palace of Zarzuela
146:First monarch
106:since 19 June 2014
12257:Politics of Spain
12247:Monarchy of Spain
12234:
12233:
11781:
11780:
11760:
11759:
11446:UN members
11430:
11429:
11116:UN members
11066:
11065:
11062:
11061:
10751:Piedmont-Sardinia
10503:Sip Song Chau Tai
10313:Thirteen Colonies
10054:
10053:
9458:
9457:
9418:
9417:
9342:Myths and legends
9310:National Interest
9156:
9155:
9108:Largest companies
9033:
9032:
9020:Political parties
8988:Foreign relations
8918:
8917:
8866:Iberian Peninsula
8814:Autonomous cities
8796:
8795:
8597:
8596:
8417:Monarchs of Spain
8189:978-0-14-101609-2
8180:The New Spaniards
7965:on 30 April 2011.
7779:on 25 August 2019
7692:Andrade, MĂłnica.
7600:. 4 August 2020.
7597:Los Angeles Times
6424:Catholic Monarchs
5987:on 7 October 2011
5583:The New Spaniards
5519:The New Spaniards
5192:The New Spaniards
4977:Almanach de Gotha
4874:domestic staffing
4838:, staying at the
4836:Palma de Mallorca
4660:Mapfre Foundation
4628:humanistic values
4461:, was accused of
4355:Juan DĂez-Nicolás
4329:
4328:
4321:
4303:
4104:Council of Europe
4092:sub-Sahara Africa
4056:Charlemagne Award
3940:Drafting of Bills
3838:form a government
3770:). Following the
3666:The Infanta SofĂa
3469:judicial immunity
3276:Duke of Montblanc
2967:legal personality
2947:
2946:
2828:Spanish Civil War
2781:Political parties
2738:Foreign relations
2731:Foreign relations
2616:Recent elections
2612:Political parties
2570:Autonomous cities
2469:Court of Auditors
2353:Francina Armengol
2047:Life imprisonment
1941:Politics of Spain
1870:Law of Succession
1850:Spanish Civil War
1828:Spanish Civil War
1605:House of Habsburg
1593:Habsburg Monarchy
1540:Iberian Peninsula
1536:Catholic Monarchs
1504:Catholic Monarchs
1306:re-established a
1207:monarchy of Spain
1203:
1202:
1084:Spanish Civil War
1037:Political parties
994:Foreign relations
987:Foreign relations
872:Recent elections
868:Political parties
826:Autonomous cities
725:Court of Auditors
609:Francina Armengol
303:Life imprisonment
197:Politics of Spain
190:
189:
34:Hispanic Monarchy
12269:
12224:
12223:
12222:
12207:
12203:
12202:
12193:
12189:
12188:
12179:
12175:
12174:
12165:
12161:
12160:
12151:
12147:
12146:
12137:
12133:
12132:
12123:
12119:
12118:
12109:
12107:Willem-Alexander
12105:
12104:
12095:
12091:
12090:
12081:
12077:
12076:
12067:
12063:
12062:
12053:
12049:
12048:
12039:
12035:
12034:
12025:
12021:
12020:
12011:
12007:
12006:
11997:
11993:
11992:
11983:
11979:
11978:
11969:
11965:
11964:
11955:
11951:
11950:
11941:
11937:
11936:
11927:
11923:
11922:
11913:
11909:
11908:
11899:
11895:
11894:
11885:
11881:
11880:
11871:
11867:
11866:
11857:
11853:
11852:
11843:
11839:
11838:
11808:
11801:
11794:
11785:
11784:
11443:
11442:
11113:
11112:
11093:
11086:
11079:
11070:
11069:
10990:Irish Free State
10756:Poland–Lithuania
10065:
10064:
10016:Papua New Guinea
9746:
9745:
9485:
9478:
9471:
9462:
9461:
9438:
9431:
9167:
9166:
9098:Financial crisis
9088:Economic history
9044:
9043:
8961:Cortes Generales
8929:
8928:
8871:Peninsular Spain
8807:
8806:
8758:Pre-Roman Iberia
8753:General overview
8648:
8647:
8624:
8617:
8610:
8601:
8600:
8471:
8426:List of monarchs
8410:
8403:
8396:
8387:
8386:
8241:
8229:
8215:
8193:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8156:
8141:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8106:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8080:
8074:
8061:
8014:
8008:
8003:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7973:
7967:
7966:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7920:
7914:
7913:
7911:
7909:
7894:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7883:
7868:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7842:
7833:
7832:
7830:
7828:
7813:
7807:
7795:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7775:. Archived from
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7732:
7721:El Independiente
7712:
7706:
7705:
7689:
7683:
7682:
7680:
7678:
7659:
7653:
7652:
7650:
7648:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7588:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7558:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7526:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7469:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7451:
7442:. Archived from
7436:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7414:Associated Press
7400:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7369:
7363:
7350:
7344:
7333:
7327:
7310:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7276:
7268:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7250:
7235:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7204:
7198:
7179:
7173:
7154:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7138:on 18 April 2012
7134:. Archived from
7127:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7101:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7075:
7069:
7058:
7054:
7048:
7037:
7033:
7027:
7016:
7012:
7006:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6980:
6958:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6914:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6878:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6778:on 21 April 2013
6761:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6719:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6699:
6677:
6671:
6666:
6660:
6659:Official website
6647:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6636:
6631:on 22 March 2021
6617:
6602:
6597:
6591:
6588:
6582:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6550:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6526:
6511:
6505:
6499:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6334:
6328:
6327:, 12 April 2008)
6313:
6309:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6284:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6261:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6222:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6187:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6125:
6117:
6111:
6098:
6092:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6023:
6017:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5961:on 3 August 2009
5951:
5934:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5901:. 13 June 2014.
5900:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5866:
5860:
5847:
5828:
5816:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5790:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5755:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5710:. Archived from
5703:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5686:
5679:
5671:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5606:
5589:
5579:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5538:
5525:
5515:
5509:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5455:
5449:
5433:
5427:
5420:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5382:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5350:
5271:
5270:
5259:
5204:
5201:
5195:
5178:
5172:
5161:
5155:
5147:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5124:
5118:
5108:
5102:
5091:
5085:
5082:
5076:
5066:
5060:
5046:
5040:
5025:
5019:
5009:
5003:
4993:
4987:
4969:
4963:
4953:
4947:
4928:
4844:Balearic Islands
4695:Bilderberg Group
4502:King Juan Carlos
4463:money laundering
4455:annus horribilis
4451:financial crisis
4403:
4324:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4261:
4237:
4229:
4215:
4172:
4157:
4076:Foreign Ministry
3999:
3963:
3893:
3842:political custom
3817:
3776:Cortes Generales
3772:General Election
3739:King Juan Carlos
3634:heir presumptive
3611:
3587:male preference
3518:flag desecration
3491:
3446:, among others.
3270:Prince of Girona
3235:Catholic Majesty
3190:Spanish nobility
3172:
3119:Cortes Generales
3070:Cortes Generales
3060:
3044:
3017:
2994:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2903:
2901:Spain portal
2899:
2898:
2897:
2385:
2339:
2306:
2290:
2280:Cortes Generales
2255:Council of State
2097:Heir presumptive
1952:
1936:
1935:
1854:Francisco Franco
1722:House of Bourbon
1712:balance of power
1692:Philip of France
1672:Bourbon Monarchy
1659:
1548:Byzantine Empire
1426:House of Jiménez
1394:successor states
1211:Spanish monarchy
1195:
1188:
1181:
1159:
1157:Spain portal
1155:
1154:
1153:
641:
595:
562:
546:
536:Cortes Generales
511:Council of State
353:Heir presumptive
208:
192:
191:
135:Heir presumptive
103:
93:
74:
54:
48:
47:
39:For a list, see
20:Regalia of Spain
12277:
12276:
12272:
12271:
12270:
12268:
12267:
12266:
12237:
12236:
12235:
12230:
12220:
12218:
12210:
12205:Carl XVI Gustaf
12197:
12196:
12183:
12182:
12169:
12168:
12155:
12154:
12141:
12140:
12135:Rebelo de Sousa
12127:
12126:
12113:
12112:
12099:
12098:
12085:
12084:
12071:
12070:
12057:
12056:
12043:
12042:
12029:
12028:
12015:
12014:
12001:
12000:
11995:Sakellaropoulou
11987:
11986:
11973:
11972:
11959:
11958:
11945:
11944:
11931:
11930:
11917:
11916:
11903:
11902:
11897:Christodoulides
11889:
11888:
11875:
11874:
11861:
11860:
11847:
11846:
11833:
11832:
11824:
11812:
11782:
11777:
11756:
11740:
11731:Northern Cyprus
11709:
11625:North Macedonia
11447:
11437:
11426:
11410:
11401:Northern Cyprus
11379:
11295:North Macedonia
11117:
11107:
11100:
11097:
11067:
11058:
10983:princely states
10931:
10867:Kingdom of Fiji
10840:
10586:Austria-Hungary
10554:
10317:
10251:
10050:
10036:Solomon Islands
9950:
9932:
9864:
9779:
9737:
9669:
9615:Democratization
9583:
9527:
9494:
9489:
9459:
9454:
9441:
9434:
9427:
9414:
9409:Toro de Osborne
9376:
9357:Public holidays
9268:
9229:Life expectancy
9152:
9118:Property bubble
9029:
8914:
8792:
8788:Spanish miracle
8741:
8715:Second Republic
8637:
8628:
8598:
8593:
8510:
8472:
8463:
8432:
8419:
8414:
8372:
8367:
8353:Wayback Machine
8334:Wayback Machine
8283:Wayback Machine
8271:Wayback Machine
8259:Wayback Machine
8238:
8212:
8198:Powell, Charles
8190:
8170:
8165:
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8154:
8152:
8143:
8142:
8135:
8125:
8123:
8108:
8107:
8103:
8093:
8091:
8082:
8081:
8077:
8071:Wayback Machine
8064:Royal Household
8062:
8017:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7990:
7988:
7975:
7974:
7970:
7953:
7952:
7948:
7938:
7936:
7921:
7917:
7907:
7905:
7896:
7895:
7891:
7881:
7879:
7872:"Infanta Elena"
7870:
7869:
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7855:
7853:
7844:
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7826:
7824:
7815:
7814:
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7805:Wayback Machine
7796:
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7590:
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7573:
7560:
7559:
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7528:
7527:
7523:
7513:
7511:
7503:El Confidencial
7496:
7495:
7491:
7481:
7479:
7474:. 9 June 2014.
7464:
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7447:
7438:
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7401:
7397:
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7366:
7360:Wayback Machine
7351:
7347:
7334:
7330:
7320:Wayback Machine
7311:
7298:
7288:
7286:
7279:Telegraph.co.uk
7269:
7258:
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7237:
7236:
7232:
7222:
7220:
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7189:Wayback Machine
7180:
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7164:Wayback Machine
7155:
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7112:
7103:
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7098:
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7077:
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7067:Wayback Machine
7056:
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7051:
7046:Wayback Machine
7035:
7034:
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7025:Wayback Machine
7014:
7013:
7009:
7004:Wayback Machine
6993:
6992:
6988:
6978:
6976:
6968:The Daily Beast
6959:
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6906:
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6854:
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6827:
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6762:
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6657:Wayback Machine
6648:
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6605:
6598:
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6589:
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6579:Wayback Machine
6569:
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6383:
6381:
6366:
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6311:
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6292:
6290:
6282:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6268:
6264:
6255:
6251:
6241:
6239:
6238:on 15 July 2014
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5615:The Independent
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5263:Powell, Charles
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4994:
4990:
4975:, according to
4970:
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4950:
4929:
4925:
4920:
4883:
4857:
4840:Marivent Palace
4812:Zarzuela Palace
4796:
4790:
4782:meeting minutes
4725:
4719:
4676:DalĂ Foundation
4592:Members of the
4590:
4518:high-speed rail
4404:
4401:
4389:or conceited".
4325:
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4308:
4305:
4262:
4260:
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3993:
3928:
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3827:opening session
3818:
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3808:
3731:
3612:
3605:
3563:
3495:The concept of
3492:
3485:
3452:
3331:fount of honour
3324:courtesy titles
3281:Crown of Aragon
3260:Prince of Viana
3219:Their Majesties
3196:
3186:
3179:
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3163:
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2069:Royal Household
2064:
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2053:
1996:Vice President
1966:
1943:
1934:
1892:
1886:
1859:Lázaro Cárdenas
1834:
1824:
1810:
1800:was founded. A
1794:
1788:
1744:Napoleonic Wars
1737:Bourbon Reforms
1684:
1682:Bourbon Reforms
1674:
1601:
1595:
1534:, known as the
1520:
1506:
1500:
1460:Burgundy Family
1452:Cluniac Reforms
1374:
1368:
1266:Royal Household
1199:
1170:
1166:Other countries
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556:
548:
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520:
400:
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381:
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329:
328:
325:Royal Household
320:
310:
309:
252:Vice President
222:
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172:
105:
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79:
52:
44:
37:
30:
23:
12:
11:
5:
12275:
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12209:
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12093:Spiteri Debono
12082:
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12040:
12026:
12012:
11998:
11984:
11970:
11956:
11942:
11928:
11914:
11900:
11886:
11872:
11858:
11844:
11841:Van der Bellen
11829:
11826:
11825:
11819:European Union
11815:Heads of state
11811:
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11708:
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11705:United Kingdom
11702:
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11510:Czech Republic
11507:
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11375:United Kingdom
11372:
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11180:Czech Republic
11177:
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10763:
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10753:
10748:
10743:
10741:Ottoman Empire
10738:
10733:
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10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10701:Kartli-Kakheti
10698:
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9703:Prince regnant
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9620:Decolonization
9617:
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9607:
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9574:Personal union
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9399:Cultural icons
9397:
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8980:
8979:
8978:
8976:Prime Minister
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8932:
8926:
8920:
8919:
8916:
8915:
8913:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8895:
8890:
8888:National parks
8885:
8883:Municipalities
8880:
8875:
8874:
8873:
8863:
8858:
8856:Extreme points
8853:
8848:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8816:
8810:
8804:
8798:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8763:Spanish Empire
8760:
8755:
8749:
8747:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8737:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8705:First Republic
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8675:Medieval Spain
8672:
8670:Roman Hispania
8667:
8662:
8656:
8654:
8645:
8639:
8638:
8627:
8626:
8619:
8612:
8604:
8595:
8594:
8592:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8520:
8518:
8512:
8511:
8509:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8482:
8480:
8478:Personal union
8474:
8473:
8466:
8464:
8462:
8461:
8452:
8442:
8440:
8438:Dynastic union
8434:
8433:
8424:
8421:
8420:
8413:
8412:
8405:
8398:
8390:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8371:
8370:External links
8368:
8366:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8342:
8341:
8337:
8336:
8323:
8322:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8308:Notiemail News
8305:
8300:
8295:
8291:
8290:
8286:
8285:
8273:
8261:
8248:
8247:
8243:
8242:
8236:
8216:
8210:
8194:
8188:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8162:
8151:on 4 July 2010
8133:
8101:
8075:
8015:
7998:
7968:
7946:
7915:
7889:
7863:
7834:
7808:
7790:
7764:
7738:
7723:(in Spanish).
7707:
7700:(in Spanish).
7684:
7654:
7615:
7583:
7568:. 6 May 2020.
7553:
7521:
7489:
7457:
7431:
7420:on 8 June 2014
7395:
7364:
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7328:
7296:
7256:
7230:
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7096:
7070:
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6986:
6942:
6904:
6852:
6821:
6810:on 6 July 2014
6789:
6747:
6705:
6672:
6661:
6642:
6603:
6592:
6583:
6581:, article 2(1)
6563:
6551:
6532:
6506:
6489:
6463:
6432:Spanish Empire
6410:following the
6359:
6329:
6300:
6271:
6262:
6249:
6214:
6179:
6147:
6112:
6093:
6074:
6044:
6018:
6016:" (Cadena SER)
5998:
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5888:
5861:
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5776:
5725:
5698:
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5196:
5173:
5156:
5142:
5132:
5119:
5103:
5086:
5077:
5061:
5041:
5029:prime minister
5020:
5004:
4988:
4964:
4948:
4938:, rather than
4932:Charles Powell
4922:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4882:
4879:
4870:groundskeeping
4856:
4853:
4800:Oriente Palace
4789:
4786:
4721:Main article:
4718:
4715:
4697:, an informal
4672:United Nations
4589:
4586:
4420:Basque Country
4399:
4327:
4326:
4241:
4239:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4211:
4164:
4149:
4127:
4124:
4100:European Union
4096:United Nations
4069:Ibero-American
4061:Spanish Empire
4013:
4010:
3996:Judicial Power
3991:
3927:
3924:
3885:
3865:oath of office
3809:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3755:foreign policy
3730:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3641:Infanta Leonor
3621:Siete Partidas
3603:
3562:
3559:
3483:
3451:
3448:
3365:Duke of Suárez
3301:Su Alteza Real
3251:Su Alteza Real
3243:prince consort
3202:Royal Standard
3178:
3175:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3139:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3115:
3111:
3096:. However, by
3090:Judicial Power
3056:
3047:
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3009:
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2941:
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2797:
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2774:
2772:Related topics
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2461:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2442:Vice President
2439:
2438:
2437:
2435:Isabel PerellĂł
2407:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2397:
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2149:Prime Minister
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2110:
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2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1975:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1888:Main article:
1885:
1882:
1820:Main article:
1809:
1806:
1790:Main article:
1787:
1784:
1708:Rastatt (1714)
1704:Utrecht (1713)
1673:
1670:
1599:Habsburg Spain
1597:Main article:
1594:
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1563:Spanish empire
1518:Personal union
1514:Dynastic union
1502:Main article:
1499:
1496:
1372:Spanish Empire
1367:
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1356:incapacitation
1277:King Felipe VI
1223:constitutional
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1028:Related topics
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841:Municipalities
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787:
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698:Vice President
695:
694:
693:
691:Isabel PerellĂł
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405:Prime Minister
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11996:
11991:
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11870:
11865:
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11856:
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11842:
11837:
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11822:member states
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11816:
11809:
11804:
11802:
11797:
11795:
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11773:
11770:
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11763:
11753:
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11736:South Ossetia
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11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
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11585:Liechtenstein
11583:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11571:
11568:
11566:
11563:
11561:
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11556:
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11548:
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11488:
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11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11452:
11450:
11448:and observers
11444:
11441:
11439:
11433:
11423:
11420:
11419:
11417:
11413:
11407:
11406:South Ossetia
11404:
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11399:
11397:
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11389:
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11263:
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11258:
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11255:Liechtenstein
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11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11122:
11120:
11118:and observers
11114:
11111:
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11103:
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10863:
10862:Easter Island
10860:
10858:
10855:
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10752:
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10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10401:Jabal Shammar
10399:
10397:
10394:
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10387:
10384:
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10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10326:
10324:
10320:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10260:
10258:
10254:
10248:
10247:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
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10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10136:
10133:
10131:
10128:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
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10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10066:
10063:
10061:
10057:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10001:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9961:
9959:
9957:
9953:
9947:
9944:
9943:
9941:
9939:
9935:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9893:Liechtenstein
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9875:
9873:
9871:
9867:
9861:
9860:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9786:
9782:
9776:
9775:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9755:
9753:
9751:
9747:
9744:
9740:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9697:
9696:Queen regnant
9694:
9693:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9672:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9655:Republicanism
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9635:Head of state
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9592:
9590:
9586:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9569:Non-sovereign
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9536:
9534:
9530:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
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9501:
9500:
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9479:
9474:
9472:
9467:
9466:
9463:
9451:
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9446:
9443:
9442:
9437:
9433:
9430:
9426:
9425:
9421:
9411:
9410:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9387:
9385:
9383:
9379:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9171:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9159:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9082:
9081:median income
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9048:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9036:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8977:
8974:
8973:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8951:Head of State
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8933:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8921:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8900:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8846:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8824:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8811:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8799:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8750:
8748:
8744:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8695:Enlightenment
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8653:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8640:
8636:
8632:
8625:
8620:
8618:
8613:
8611:
8606:
8605:
8602:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8584:Juan Carlos I
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8559:Ferdinand VII
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8517:
8513:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8479:
8475:
8470:
8460:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8427:
8422:
8418:
8411:
8406:
8404:
8399:
8397:
8392:
8391:
8388:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8373:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8347:
8344:
8343:
8340:Other sources
8339:
8338:
8335:
8331:
8328:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8293:
8292:
8289:News articles
8288:
8287:
8284:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8256:
8253:
8250:
8249:
8245:
8244:
8239:
8237:0-393-05804-2
8233:
8228:
8227:
8221:
8220:Preston, Paul
8217:
8213:
8211:0-333-54726-8
8207:
8203:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8185:
8181:
8177:
8173:
8172:
8150:
8146:
8140:
8138:
8121:
8117:
8116:
8111:
8105:
8089:
8085:
8079:
8072:
8068:
8065:
8060:
8058:
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8054:
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8044:
8042:
8040:
8038:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8013:
8009:
8002:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7972:
7964:
7960:
7956:
7950:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7919:
7903:
7899:
7893:
7877:
7873:
7867:
7851:
7847:
7841:
7839:
7822:
7818:
7812:
7806:
7802:
7799:
7794:
7778:
7774:
7768:
7752:
7748:
7742:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7711:
7703:
7699:
7695:
7688:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7658:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7619:
7603:
7599:
7598:
7593:
7587:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7557:
7541:
7537:
7536:
7531:
7525:
7509:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7493:
7477:
7473:
7468:
7461:
7445:
7441:
7435:
7419:
7415:
7411:
7410:
7409:Time Magazine
7405:
7399:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7368:
7361:
7357:
7354:
7349:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7332:
7326:
7325:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7309:
7307:
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7303:
7301:
7284:
7280:
7275:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7244:
7240:
7234:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7203:
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7183:
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7171:
7170:
7165:
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7158:
7153:
7137:
7133:
7126:
7110:
7106:
7100:
7084:
7080:
7074:
7068:
7064:
7061:
7053:
7047:
7043:
7040:
7032:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7011:
7005:
7001:
6998:
6990:
6974:
6970:
6969:
6964:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6930:
6926:
6925:
6920:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6825:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6793:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6718:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6693:
6689:
6688:
6683:
6676:
6670:
6665:
6658:
6654:
6651:
6646:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6601:
6596:
6587:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6567:
6560:
6555:
6549:
6545:
6542:
6536:
6520:
6516:
6510:
6504:
6500:
6493:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6451:
6447:
6441:
6437:
6436:global powers
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6397:
6393:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6369:
6363:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6333:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6304:
6288:
6281:
6275:
6266:
6259:
6253:
6237:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6221:
6219:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6157:
6151:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6124:
6116:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6097:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6078:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6048:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6002:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5960:
5956:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5920:
5904:
5899:
5892:
5876:
5872:
5865:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5826:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5799:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5781:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5713:
5709:
5702:
5683:
5676:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5588:
5584:
5581:John Hooper,
5578:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5524:
5520:
5517:John Hooper,
5514:
5507:
5501:
5485:
5481:
5479:9791036531132
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5454:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5419:
5409:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5380:
5375:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5221:
5200:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5136:
5129:
5123:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5081:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5058:
5057:
5050:
5045:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4985:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4936:reestablished
4933:
4927:
4923:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4863:
4852:
4850:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4766:aides-de-camp
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4729:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4562:
4560:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4535:José Zapatero
4531:
4527:
4523:
4522:King Abdullah
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4506:CĂ©sar Alierta
4503:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4432:anachronistic
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4398:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4331:Prior to the
4323:
4320:
4312:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4270: –
4269:
4265:
4264:Find sources:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4242:This article
4240:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4210:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4132:
4123:
4121:
4117:
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3626:Ferdinand VII
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3509:head-of-state
3506:
3505:jurisprudence
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3361:Adolfo Suárez
3357:
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3327:
3325:
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3320:Juan Carlos I
3312:
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2498:Bank of Spain
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2419:Supreme Court
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2337:
2336:15th Congress
2332:
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2327:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2298:
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2238:
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2209:
2204:
2200:
2199:Teresa Ribera
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:Pedro Sánchez
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2121:
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2109:
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2099:
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2033:
2030:
2029:
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2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1911:Adolfo Suárez
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1875:
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1862:
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1780:Prince Carlos
1777:
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1757:
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1752:Ferdinand VII
1749:
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1740:
1738:
1734:
1729:
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1723:
1719:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:Duke of Anjou
1693:
1690:'s grandson,
1689:
1688:Maria Theresa
1683:
1679:
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1575:viceroyalties
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1337:
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1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:head of state
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:Infanta SofĂa
1286:
1282:
1281:Queen Letizia
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1243:Juan Carlos I
1240:
1236:
1235:head of state
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1196:
1191:
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1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
988:
983:
982:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:Referendums:
958:
957:
955:
948:
947:
943:
941:
938:
936:
932:
929:
928:
926:
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907:
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903:
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891:
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857:
856:
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842:
839:
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832:
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820:
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785:
782:
777:
776:
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770:
767:
766:
765:
764:
760:
759:
756:
755:
754:Bank of Spain
751:
744:
739:
738:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
715:
711:
704:
701:
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699:
696:
692:
689:
688:
686:
682:
679:
678:
677:
676:
675:Supreme Court
672:
671:
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660:
655:
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647:
644:
642:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
610:
607:
606:
604:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:15th Congress
588:
587:
583:
577:
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573:
571:
567:
564:
563:
560:
555:
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492:
489:
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484:
482:
479:
475:
472:
471:
470:
469:
465:
460:
456:
455:Teresa Ribera
453:
450:
446:
443:
440:
436:
433:
432:
430:
426:
425:
421:
417:
416:Pedro Sánchez
414:
413:
411:
407:
406:
402:
401:
398:
397:
390:
385:
384:
377:
374:
372:
369:
365:
362:
361:
359:
355:
354:
350:
346:
343:
342:
340:
336:
335:
331:
330:
327:
326:
319:
314:
313:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
254:
253:
251:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
232:
230:
229:
225:
224:
221:
216:
215:
212:
211:
207:
203:
202:
198:
194:
193:
186:
183:
179:
175:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
96:
92:
87:
82:
78:
73:
68:
65:
64:Rey de España
61:
57:
49:
46:
42:
35:
28:
21:
16:
11752:Transnistria
11422:Transnistria
11349:
11039:South Africa
11034:Sierra Leone
10981:
10811:Two Sicilies
10746:Papal States
10546:
10485:
10378:
10244:
10004:Cook Islands
9917:
9857:
9843:Saudi Arabia
9772:
9408:
9395:Coat of arms
9292:Bullfighting
9282:Architecture
9249:Prostitution
9209:Homelessness
9184:Demographics
9138:Trade unions
9076:unemployment
9061:Car industry
9014:
8993:Human rights
8941:Constitution
8897:
8843:
8823:ranked lists
8735:1975–present
8579:Alfonso XIII
8539:Ferdinand VI
8298:Expatica.com
8225:
8201:
8179:
8176:Hooper, John
8153:. Retrieved
8149:the original
8124:. Retrieved
8113:
8104:
8092:. Retrieved
8078:
8001:
7989:. Retrieved
7971:
7963:the original
7949:
7937:. Retrieved
7929:The Guardian
7928:
7918:
7906:. Retrieved
7892:
7880:. Retrieved
7866:
7854:. Retrieved
7825:. Retrieved
7811:
7793:
7781:. Retrieved
7777:the original
7767:
7755:. Retrieved
7741:
7729:. Retrieved
7720:
7710:
7697:
7687:
7675:. Retrieved
7666:
7657:
7645:. Retrieved
7628:
7618:
7606:. Retrieved
7595:
7586:
7574:. Retrieved
7565:
7556:
7544:. Retrieved
7533:
7524:
7512:. Retrieved
7501:
7492:
7480:. Retrieved
7471:
7460:
7448:. Retrieved
7444:the original
7434:
7422:. Retrieved
7418:the original
7407:
7398:
7386:. Retrieved
7377:
7367:
7348:
7342:Businessweek
7338:
7331:
7322:
7287:. Retrieved
7278:
7247:. Retrieved
7233:
7221:. Retrieved
7213:The Guardian
7212:
7202:
7192:
7177:
7167:
7152:
7140:. Retrieved
7136:the original
7125:
7113:. Retrieved
7099:
7087:. Retrieved
7073:
7057:(in Spanish)
7052:
7036:(in Spanish)
7031:
7015:(in Spanish)
7010:
6994:(in Spanish)
6989:
6977:. Retrieved
6966:
6933:. Retrieved
6924:The Guardian
6922:
6895:. Retrieved
6886:
6843:. Retrieved
6824:
6812:. Retrieved
6808:the original
6801:
6792:
6780:. Retrieved
6776:the original
6769:
6738:. Retrieved
6727:
6696:. Retrieved
6685:
6675:
6664:
6645:
6633:. Retrieved
6629:the original
6624:
6595:
6586:
6566:
6554:
6535:
6523:. Retrieved
6509:
6492:
6480:. Retrieved
6476:the original
6466:
6454:. Retrieved
6452:(in Spanish)
6449:
6402:. Then, the
6382:. Retrieved
6371:
6362:
6350:. Retrieved
6341:
6332:
6308:(in Spanish)
6303:
6291:. Retrieved
6274:
6265:
6257:
6252:
6240:. Retrieved
6236:the original
6229:
6205:. Retrieved
6201:the original
6194:
6170:. Retrieved
6159:
6150:
6138:. Retrieved
6127:
6115:
6096:
6077:
6065:. Retrieved
6056:
6047:
6035:. Retrieved
6021:
6001:
5989:. Retrieved
5985:the original
5975:
5963:. Retrieved
5959:the original
5919:
5907:. Retrieved
5891:
5879:. Retrieved
5864:
5827:Section 56.3
5814:
5802:. Retrieved
5767:. Retrieved
5716:. Retrieved
5712:the original
5701:
5689:. Retrieved
5624:. Retrieved
5613:
5586:
5582:
5556:. Retrieved
5545:
5522:
5518:
5513:
5505:
5500:
5488:. Retrieved
5460:
5453:
5436:
5431:
5423:
5418:
5408:
5374:
5362:. Retrieved
5266:
5199:
5191:
5181:
5176:
5159:
5145:
5135:
5128:Pope Paul VI
5122:
5106:
5089:
5080:
5064:
5054:
5053:
5044:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5023:
5007:
4991:
4980:
4967:
4951:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4926:
4866:
4858:
4848:
4833:
4826:
4820:
4807:
4797:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4760:
4752:
4746:
4740:
4736:
4734:
4703:
4692:
4651:
4645:
4623:
4617:
4594:royal family
4591:
4582:
4563:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4514:to construct
4498:
4448:
4444:Spanish life
4427:
4409:
4406:
4395:
4391:
4375:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4346:
4340:
4330:
4315:
4306:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4263:
4251:Please help
4246:verification
4243:
4207:
4202:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4146:
4137:
4085:
4073:
4049:
4046:Pope Paul VI
4029:
4027:
4023:
4002:
3995:
3987:
3974:
3972:in Belgium.
3948:
3939:
3938:, Chapter 2
3935:
3932:royal assent
3929:
3920:
3912:
3900:
3896:
3877:Constitution
3874:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3835:
3813:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3748:
3719:
3654:
3650:
3638:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3586:
3584:
3571:Queen Urraca
3553:engaging in
3543:lèse-majesté
3542:
3536:
3530:
3522:lèse-majesté
3521:
3514:lèse-majesté
3513:
3500:
3497:lèse-majesté
3494:
3487:
3479:
3453:
3394:include the
3377:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3328:
3317:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3274:
3268:
3258:
3250:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3207:
3205:
3168:
3153:Armed Forces
3138:'s proposal.
3108:
3102:non-partisan
3089:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3032:Communities.
3020:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2987:
2979:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2835:
2689:
2637:
2589:
2553:Legislatures
2505:
2492:
2456:
2417:
2408:
2328:
2320:Pedro Rollán
2295:
2278:
2210:
2189:Yolanda DĂaz
2166:
2147:
2138:
2115:Royal family
2095:
2077:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2017:Human rights
1977:
1972:Constitution
1970:
1964:Constitution
1926:
1915:
1904:
1893:
1868:through the
1865:
1863:
1842:Alfonso XIII
1835:
1795:
1741:
1730:
1725:
1716:
1685:
1641:
1602:
1560:
1521:
1492:King John II
1463:
1441:
1437:
1417:
1387:
1344:compensation
1301:
1273:Royal Family
1270:
1249:
1247:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1091:
945:
893:
845:
809:Legislatures
761:
748:
712:
673:
664:
584:
576:Pedro Rollán
551:
534:
466:
445:Yolanda DĂaz
422:
403:
394:
371:Royal family
351:
333:
332:
323:
317:
273:Human rights
233:
228:Constitution
226:
220:Constitution
98:
45:
15:
11690:Switzerland
11620:Netherlands
11360:Switzerland
11290:Netherlands
10978:British Raj
10950:(Sri Lanka)
10836:WĂĽrttemberg
10548:South Yemen
10436:Maguindanao
10329:Afghanistan
10090:Barotseland
10026:Saint Lucia
9999:New Zealand
9908:Netherlands
9681:Chhatrapati
9665:Sovereignty
9605:Aristocracy
9214:Immigration
9204:Health care
9066:Communities
9051:Agriculture
8851:Earthquakes
8710:Restoration
8680:Reconquista
8574:Alfonso XII
8564:Isabella II
8544:Charles III
8450:Ferdinand V
8094:26 November
7959:PR Newswire
7939:12 December
6979:12 November
6935:12 November
6897:25 February
6845:10 December
6456:27 November
6408:Reconquista
6406:fought the
6293:13 November
6196:Europa News
6172:13 November
6029:. YouTube.
5188:John Hooper
5169:Cadena COPE
5140:government.
4564:During the
4120:Arab League
4088:Philippines
4071:community.
4051:Europeanist
3952:Juan Carlos
3801:Government.
3229:represents
3223:Su Majestad
3221:, Spanish:
2558:Governments
2384:(ombudsman)
2303:15th Senate
2273:Legislature
2078:The Monarch
2037:Nationality
1802:coup d'Ă©tat
1774:became his
1742:During the
1652:slave trade
1633:Tordesillas
1418:Reconquista
1297:Queen SofĂa
814:Governments
640:(ombudsman)
559:15th Senate
529:Legislature
334:The Monarch
293:Nationality
128:His Majesty
12241:Categories
12177:Pirc Musar
12163:Pellegrini
12037:Mattarella
11981:Steinmeier
11925:Frederik X
11655:San Marino
11615:Montenegro
11595:Luxembourg
11575:Kazakhstan
11475:Azerbaijan
11438:government
11325:San Marino
11285:Montenegro
11265:Luxembourg
11245:Kazakhstan
11145:Azerbaijan
11044:Tanganyika
10959:The Gambia
10887:Niuē-Fekai
10826:Yugoslavia
10726:Montenegro
10533:Upper Yafa
10528:Upper Asir
10165:Madagascar
9898:Luxembourg
9630:Government
9595:Abdication
9564:Hereditary
9492:Monarchies
9332:Mass media
9327:Literature
9219:Irreligion
9199:Euthanasia
9189:Disability
8971:Government
8946:Corruption
8768:Golden Age
8549:Charles IV
8516:Real union
8506:Charles II
8496:Philip III
8446:Isabella I
8320:Wikisource
8126:2 December
7931:. London.
7566:publico.es
7535:El Español
7281:. London.
7249:19 October
7215:. London.
7089:12 October
6927:. London.
6732:. London.
6698:2 December
6625:World News
6482:9 December
6426:") united
6384:1 December
6242:2 December
6132:. London.
5718:10 October
5626:13 October
5211:References
5074:Ministros.
5037:presidente
4934:, the term
4792:See also:
4699:think-tank
4601:charitable
4598:non-profit
4510:TelefĂłnica
4440:secularism
4382:work ethic
4309:March 2020
4279:newspapers
4118:, and the
4005:Prosecutor
3908:coalitions
3569:Statue of
3463:, such as
3442:, and the
3231:His or Her
3132:Government
2982:referendum
2632:2019 (Nov)
2627:2019 (Apr)
2563:Presidents
2225:Ministries
1826:See also:
1724:(Spanish:
1676:See also:
1662:Charles II
1508:See also:
1486:, married
1472:King Peter
1382:Visigothic
1370:See also:
888:2019 (Nov)
883:2019 (Apr)
819:Presidents
481:Ministries
171:(official)
12226:EU portal
12191:Felipe VI
12051:Rinkēvičs
11883:Milanović
11590:Lithuania
11260:Lithuania
11014:Mauritius
10907:Rarotonga
10892:Nuku Hiva
10882:Mangareva
10857:Bora Bora
10736:Neuchâtel
10706:Lithuania
10611:Catalonia
10498:Sri Lanka
10451:Manchukuo
10426:Kurdistan
10380:Indonesia
10303:Talamanca
10263:AraucanĂa
10246:and other
10225:Wassoulou
9969:Australia
9645:Oligarchy
9322:Languages
9224:Languages
9194:Education
9143:Transport
8983:Elections
8966:Judiciary
8905:Provinces
8802:Geography
8783:Civil War
8690:Expansion
8589:Felipe VI
8501:Philip IV
8491:Philip II
8486:Charles I
8313:Telegraph
8155:17 August
7637:0362-4331
7340:Bloomburg
7289:19 August
6352:8 January
6325:Canal 24H
6067:3 January
6037:3 January
5691:5 January
5426:, p. 446.
5216:Citations
5033:president
4688:Barcelona
4613:celebrity
4424:Catalonia
4414:, and by
4378:integrity
4169:the Crown
4154:The Crown
4152:Title II
3994:Title VI
3904:manifesto
3812:Title II
3636:by 1833.
3608:the Crown
3606:Title II
3538:El Jueves
3488:The Crown
3486:Title II
3169:The Crown
3167:Title II
3082:The Crown
3041:The Crown
3039:Title II
3014:the Crown
3012:Title II
2955:The Crown
2605:Elections
2575:Provinces
2425:President
2403:Judiciary
2133:Executive
2089:Felipe VI
2062:The Crown
1985:President
1768:Salic law
1623:(usually
1619:and King
1609:Charles I
1544:pretender
1488:Henry III
1258:La Corona
1250:The Crown
1239:Felipe VI
1221:) is the
861:Elections
831:Provinces
681:President
659:Judiciary
389:Executive
345:Felipe VI
318:The Crown
241:President
176:(private)
165:Residence
101:Felipe VI
84:Incumbent
12149:Iohannis
11855:Philippe
11721:Abkhazia
11670:Slovenia
11665:Slovakia
11640:Portugal
11495:Bulgaria
11436:Heads of
11391:Abkhazia
11340:Slovenia
11335:Slovakia
11310:Portugal
11165:Bulgaria
11108:of state
11029:Rhodesia
11024:Pakistan
10943:Barbados
10912:Rimatara
10902:Rapa Iti
10831:Valencia
10806:Tavolara
10796:Scotland
10761:Portugal
10721:Moldavia
10606:Bulgaria
10601:Brittany
10576:Asturias
10456:Mongolia
10446:Maldives
10308:Trinidad
10298:Suriname
10256:Americas
10240:Zimbabwe
10235:Zanzibar
10220:Wituland
10195:Ngazidja
10190:Ndzuwani
10125:Ethiopia
9848:Thailand
9828:Malaysia
9808:Cambodia
9758:Eswatini
9554:Elective
9539:Absolute
9445:Category
9306:Fiestas
9254:Religion
9239:Pensions
9234:Naturism
9174:Abortion
9113:Taxation
9103:Forestry
9015:Monarchy
9010:Military
9003:Intersex
8924:Politics
8910:Wildlife
8845:Comarcas
8778:Military
8773:Economic
8746:By topic
8652:Timeline
8635:articles
8534:Philip V
8524:Philip V
8459:Philip I
8349:Archived
8330:Archived
8294:BBC News
8279:Archived
8267:Archived
8255:Archived
8222:(2004).
8200:(1996).
8178:(2006).
8120:Archived
8115:El Mundo
8088:Archived
8067:Archived
7985:Archived
7933:Archived
7902:Archived
7876:Archived
7850:Archived
7821:Archived
7801:Archived
7751:Archived
7725:Archived
7702:Archived
7671:Archived
7641:Archived
7602:Archived
7570:Archived
7540:Archived
7508:Archived
7476:Archived
7382:Archived
7356:Archived
7316:Archived
7283:Archived
7243:Archived
7223:15 April
7217:Archived
7185:Archived
7160:Archived
7142:15 April
7115:15 April
7109:Archived
7083:Archived
7063:Archived
7042:Archived
7021:Archived
7000:Archived
6973:Archived
6929:Archived
6891:Archived
6839:Archived
6803:Expatica
6734:Archived
6692:Archived
6653:Archived
6575:Archived
6544:Archived
6519:Archived
6378:Archived
6373:El Mundo
6346:Archived
6342:El Mundo
6287:Archived
6231:Expatica
6166:Archived
6161:BBC News
6134:Archived
6104:Archived
6085:Archived
6061:Archived
6057:El Mundo
6031:Archived
6010:Archived
5927:Archived
5903:Archived
5875:Archived
5853:Archived
5821:Archived
5798:Archived
5763:Archived
5682:Archived
5620:Archived
5585:, 2001,
5552:Archived
5547:BBC News
5521:, 2001,
5490:24 April
5484:Archived
5441:Archived
5358:Archived
4940:restored
4881:See also
4816:El Pardo
4808:Pavilion
4662:, while
4605:cultural
4570:Cristina
4537:and the
4490:elephant
4482:Botswana
4400:—
4387:pedantic
4370:BBC News
4212:—
4197:Zaragoza
4167:Title 1
4165:—
4150:—
4042:Holy See
3992:—
3970:abortion
3886:—
3810:—
3630:Isabella
3604:—
3484:—
3305:Grandees
3165:—
3057:—
3037:—
3010:—
2991:—
2852:Galician
2753:in Spain
2748:of Spain
2675:European
2650:Regional
2580:Comarcas
2449:(acting)
2032:Abortion
2022:Taxation
1878:Carlists
1772:Isabella
1756:abdicate
1718:Philip V
1581:, 1535;
1569:and the
1464:of Spain
1448:Pyrenees
1410:Castille
1402:Asturias
1352:minority
1346:, and a
1332:codifies
1108:Galician
1009:in Spain
1004:of Spain
931:European
906:Regional
836:Comarcas
705:(acting)
288:Abortion
278:Taxation
51:King of
12065:NausÄ—da
12023:Higgins
11817:of the
11700:Ukraine
11645:Romania
11605:Moldova
11565:Ireland
11560:Iceland
11555:Hungary
11540:Germany
11535:Georgia
11525:Finland
11520:Estonia
11515:Denmark
11500:Croatia
11485:Belgium
11480:Belarus
11470:Austria
11465:Armenia
11460:Andorra
11455:Albania
11370:Ukraine
11315:Romania
11275:Moldova
11235:Ireland
11230:Iceland
11225:Hungary
11210:Germany
11205:Georgia
11195:Finland
11190:Estonia
11185:Denmark
11170:Croatia
11155:Belgium
11150:Belarus
11140:Austria
11135:Armenia
11130:Andorra
11125:Albania
11019:Nigeria
10994:Ireland
10922:Tahuata
10897:Raiatea
10877:Huahine
10852:Abemama
10845:Oceania
10816:Tuscany
10771:Romania
10766:Prussia
10731:Navarre
10711:Majorca
10691:Ireland
10686:Imereti
10681:Iceland
10676:Hungary
10671:Hanover
10666:Granada
10656:Germany
10651:Georgia
10646:Galicia
10636:Finland
10626:Corsica
10621:Cilicia
10591:Bavaria
10581:Austria
10566:Albania
10538:Vietnam
10481:Sarawak
10471:Qu'aiti
10406:Kathiri
10369:Dapitan
10344:Bukhara
10293:Miskito
10215:Tunisia
10205:Shilluk
10115:Dahomey
10105:Burundi
10095:Bagirmi
10075:Adamawa
9994:Jamaica
9989:Grenada
9974:Bahamas
9938:Oceania
9888:Denmark
9883:Belgium
9878:Andorra
9793:Bahrain
9768:Morocco
9763:Lesotho
9742:Current
9733:Pharaoh
9686:Emperor
9625:Dynasty
9579:Regency
9559:Federal
9549:Diarchy
9503:Monarch
9429:Outline
9382:Symbols
9302:Cuisine
9274:Culture
9162:Society
9133:Tourism
9039:Economy
8878:Islands
8861:Forests
8839:Climate
8834:Borders
8643:History
8529:Louis I
8168:Sources
8012:YouTube
7991:12 June
7908:12 June
7882:12 June
7856:12 June
7827:10 July
7783:12 June
7677:2 March
7647:2 March
7608:2 March
7576:18 June
7546:18 June
7514:18 June
7482:10 June
7324:El PaĂs
7107:. WWF.
6503:YouTube
6450:RTVE.es
6317:YouTube
5909:14 June
5873:. CNN.
5804:12 June
5558:18 June
5183:El PaĂs
5167:of the
5111:Spanish
5095:Spanish
5069:Spanish
5049:Spanish
5012:Spanish
4996:Spanish
4983:Majesty
4956:Spanish
4902:Carlism
4849:Fortuna
4670:to the
4609:patrons
4475:hunting
4471:Alfonso
4467:Froilán
4293:scholar
3944:publish
3859:in the
3829:of the
3774:of the
3722:regency
3632:as his
3573:in the
3533:Spanish
3340:created
3292:Infanta
3286:Infante
3134:on the
2847:Catalan
2795:Podemos
2623:General
2343:Speaker
2310:Speaker
1874:Falange
1750:forced
1657:regalĂa
1404:(later
1398:Navarre
1366:History
1348:regency
1326:of the
1262:monarch
1254:Spanish
1215:Spanish
1103:Catalan
1051:Podemos
879:General
599:Speaker
566:Speaker
181:Website
119:Details
60:Spanish
12009:Sulyok
11967:Macron
11726:Kosovo
11695:Turkey
11685:Sweden
11660:Serbia
11635:Poland
11630:Norway
11610:Monaco
11580:Latvia
11545:Greece
11530:France
11505:Cyprus
11396:Kosovo
11365:Turkey
11355:Sweden
11330:Serbia
11305:Poland
11300:Norway
11280:Monaco
11250:Latvia
11215:Greece
11200:France
11175:Cyprus
11054:Uganda
11004:Malawi
10969:Guyana
10948:Ceylon
10927:Tahiti
10917:Rurutu
10872:Hawaii
10801:Serbia
10786:Saxony
10776:Russia
10661:Greece
10641:France
10631:Cyprus
10616:Crimea
10596:Bosnia
10571:Aragon
10559:Europe
10523:Taiwan
10493:Sikkim
10476:Ryukyu
10461:Najran
10359:Chehab
10339:Bengal
10288:Mexico
10273:Brazil
10200:Rwanda
10180:Maravi
10080:Ankole
10068:Africa
10060:Former
10041:Tuvalu
9984:Canada
9979:Belize
9923:Sweden
9913:Norway
9903:Monaco
9870:Europe
9823:Kuwait
9818:Jordan
9803:Brunei
9798:Bhutan
9750:Africa
9723:Sultan
9674:Titles
9588:Topics
9450:Portal
9390:Anthem
9297:Cinema
9244:People
9093:Energy
8633:
8569:Amadeo
8554:Joseph
8457:&
8455:Joanna
8448:&
8234:
8208:
8186:
7981:NASDAQ
7757:27 May
7731:14 May
7635:
7450:8 June
7424:8 June
7388:2 June
7169:RFE/RL
6814:1 June
6782:1 June
6740:1 June
6635:31 May
6525:21 May
6422:(the "
6396:Toledo
6207:1 June
6140:27 May
5991:6 June
5965:31 May
5881:2 June
5769:28 May
5476:
5364:27 May
4804:Madrid
4632:awards
4478:safari
4438:and a
4428:united
4345:(CIS,
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4266:
4199:, 2015
4114:, the
4112:UNESCO
4106:, the
4102:, the
3805:House.
3780:Cortes
3743:Cortes
3579:Madrid
3547:Prince
3481:65(2).
3471:, and
3438:, the
3434:, the
3430:, the
3426:, the
3422:, the
3418:, the
3414:, the
3410:, the
3406:, the
3402:, the
3398:, the
3367:; and
2842:Basque
2297:Senate
2193:second
1848:. The
1726:BorbĂłn
1617:Joanna
1611:(also
1583:Panama
1579:Mexico
1516:, and
1414:Aragon
1412:) and
1287:, and
1098:Basque
553:Senate
449:second
12079:Henri
11953:Stubb
11939:Karis
11911:Pavel
11869:Radev
11680:Spain
11600:Malta
11570:Italy
11350:Spain
11270:Malta
11240:Italy
11106:Heads
11009:Malta
10999:Kenya
10974:India
10964:Ghana
10791:Savoy
10781:Samos
10696:Italy
10543:Yemen
10518:Tibet
10513:Syria
10466:Nepal
10441:Mahra
10421:Kumul
10416:Korea
10411:Khiva
10390:Qajar
10374:Hejaz
10364:China
10349:Burma
10278:Haiti
10268:Aztec
10185:Mwali
10175:Maore
10155:Libya
10150:Kongo
10145:Kaffa
10140:Gumma
10135:Gomma
10130:Ghana
10120:Egypt
10100:Bornu
10085:Aussa
9946:Tonga
9918:Spain
9838:Qatar
9813:Japan
9436:Index
9362:Sport
9337:Music
9264:Women
9179:Crime
9056:Banks
8685:Union
8631:Spain
7130:WWF.
6428:Spain
6283:(PDF)
5685:(PDF)
5678:(PDF)
5001:65,2.
4918:Notes
4574:Elena
4300:JSTOR
4286:books
3869:Bible
3792:whole
3241:). A
2203:third
2183:first
1227:Spain
459:third
439:first
124:Style
53:Spain
12121:Duda
10954:Fiji
10508:Sulu
10487:Shan
10431:Laos
10396:Iraq
10386:Iran
10354:Cebu
10334:Asir
10322:Asia
10283:Inca
10230:Yeke
10170:Mali
10160:Luba
10009:Niue
9859:list
9833:Oman
9785:Asia
9774:list
9728:Shah
9718:Tsar
9713:khan
9708:Raja
9691:King
9532:Type
9403:Flag
9259:Time
9148:Wine
8998:LGBT
8232:ISBN
8206:ISBN
8184:ISBN
8157:2009
8128:2009
8096:2009
7993:2009
7941:2016
7910:2009
7884:2009
7858:2009
7829:2016
7785:2009
7759:2009
7733:2023
7679:2021
7649:2021
7633:ISSN
7610:2021
7578:2020
7548:2020
7516:2020
7484:2014
7452:2014
7426:2014
7390:2014
7291:2012
7251:2012
7225:2012
7144:2012
7117:2012
7091:2012
6981:2012
6937:2012
6899:2017
6847:2009
6816:2009
6784:2009
6742:2009
6700:2009
6637:2009
6570:see
6539:see
6527:2016
6484:2009
6458:2023
6418:and
6386:2009
6354:2007
6321:RTVE
6295:2007
6244:2009
6209:2009
6174:2007
6142:2009
6069:2008
6039:2008
5993:2009
5967:2009
5911:2014
5883:2014
5806:2009
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