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Montenegrin nationalism

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275: 654: 647: 587: 64: 20: 200: 340: 384:". The party attracted the support of many Greens and, in the 1920 elections, won 37.99 per cent of the popular vote in Montenegro, which would influence its later commitment to recognizing Montenegrins as a separate nation. It was, however, outlawed in 1921 and was unable to continue its political activities through democratic channels. The party formally recognized Montenegrins as an oppressed nation at their 193: 639:, then a supporter of President Bulatović and union with Serbia, supported irredentist claims upon Croatia, claiming that Montenegro's post-World War II borders (the current borders of Montenegro) were designed by "semi-skilled Bolshevik cartographers" and Đukanović declared that Montenegro should "draw demarcation lines vis-Ć -vis the Croats once and for all". 347: 492:, was invited to be its King and puppet head of state, but he vigorously refused claiming that he would not cooperate with Nazis. The restored Montenegro lost Metohija and its eastern lands to a Greater Albania, but managed to gain the Serbian part of Sandžak. All other political parties were outlawed and a dictatorship under 407:
in June 1928. Intended to mitigate the intensifying political crisis, Alexander suspended the constitution, banned political parties and installed his own government. Many opposition politicians were arrested and imprisoned, serving to isolate Yugoslaviaā€™s non-Serbs further. In an attempt to create a
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was held to determine whether Montenegrins should remain united with Serbia or be independent resulting in 96.82 percent of Montenegrins preferring to remain in a union with Serbia versus 3.18 percent preferring independence. Frustration with the union with Serbia grew in the 1990s in response to FR
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of Montenegro within the Yugoslav federation, recognition of a Montenegrin nationality, sponsoring industrial development of the previously rural economy of Montenegro, by providing financial aid to Montenegro that was the poorest of the six constituent republics and including substantial numbers of
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decision to place the Montenegrin Church under the jurisdiction of the Serbian patriarch in Belgrade was a further insult to Montenegrin pride. The early postwar period was characterized by intense armed struggle within Montenegro, economic marginalization and the formation of new political parties.
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published its Declaration on the Endangerment of Montenegrin Culture, People and State, the central claim of which was to highlight what it argued was the attempted assimilation and destruction of all aspects of Montenegrin cultural identity. In Article 5 of the declaration, it is stated that, "the
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claims that the causes that resulted in the development of contemporary Montenegrin nationalism have been dated back to the mid-14th century when Montenegro first became a sovereign state. While Montenegrins have been regarded as a subgroup of Serbs, the independence of Montenegro during the period
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in 1998 resulted in the ascendance of a Montenegrin nationalist government to power and a fundamental change of attitude by the Montenegrin government to the Serbian government of Slobodan MiloÅ”ević. Similar to the violence between the Greens and the Whites after World War I, violent confrontations
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After Tito's death in 1980, nationalism in Montenegro and elsewhere in Yugoslavia surged. Beginning in 1981, Montenegrin nationalism grew in strength with its supporters demanding more autonomy for Montenegro within Yugoslavia, however a government crackdown against Montenegrin nationalists between
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Races are communities of blood, whereas people are creatures of history. With their language, the Montenegrin people belong to the Slavic linguistic community. By their blood, however, they belong . According to the contemporary science of European races, peoples are descended from the Illyrians.
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and unity with Serbia, quashed the efforts of the dissident tribes to move Montenegro away from Serbia. After Yugoslavia dissolved in 1991, the Montenegrin government continued to support unity with Serbia and Montenegrin soldiers took part in the wars against the seceding republics. During the
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Constitution, among other things, declares Serbian as the language of the Montenegrins, in spite of the fact that the Montenegrin language has its own history and confirmation in literature". That the Montenegrin language is described in the constitution as Serbian of the
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of Ottoman rule over Serbia resulted in a profoundly different culture emerging in Montenegro as compared with Serbia. Montenegro at this time developed into a tribal warrior society that was quite different from the culture of Ottoman-controlled Serbia.
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During the 2003 population census in Montenegro, the issue of the Montenegrin language was contentious and hotly debated. In March 2004, the Montenegrin education council proposed changing the official language of the republic from Serbian to
56:. As opposed to Serbian nationalism, which emphasizes the ethnic Serbian character of the Montenegrins, Montenegrin nationalism emphasizes the right of the Montenegrins to define themselves as a unique nation, not simply as a branch of the 542:
between the UstaÅ”e and ĐuriÅ”ić's troops. With the impending Allied victory in 1945, Montenegrin Federalist Party dispersed, retreating with other Axis collaborators in late 1945 after its own Montenegrin Army turned against it.
87:, that included the King of Montenegro amongst them, versus the pro-unification White tribes. Montenegrin ethnicity was recognized by the Communist government of Yugoslavia in the 1960s though it had been declared previously. 1218:
Karen Dawisha, Bruce Parrott. Politics, Power, and the Struggle for Democracy in South-East Europe. Cambridge, England, UK; New York, New York, USA; Oakleigh, Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press, 1997. p.
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entered Herzegovina in September 1991 in preparations for an attack on Dubrovnik. Many Montenegrins at the time supported the irredentist aim of unification of Dubrovnik with Montenegro. During the Yugoslav Wars,
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It was, however, the Communist Party that made inroads into Montenegrin political life. Most importantly, the Montenegrin communists dropped their initial commitment to Yugoslav unitarism, instead embracing
885:, they argued, was just one of many examples of the marginalization of Montenegrin identity. Central to this argument was the claim that the Montenegrin language, despite forming the basis for the Serbian, 261:
The feud between the anti-Karađorđević Greens and the pro-Karađorđević Whites over Montenegro's joining with Yugoslavia continued and escalated in the 1920s. The Greens were infuriated with the Montenegrin
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Yugoslav Wars, Montenegro's President Bulatović sought to satisfy both Montenegrin and Serbian nationalist factions in Montenegro by supporting Montenegrin irredentist claims to
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in 1939, the Montenegrin Federalist Party supported the agreement, believing it would lead to greater independence for Montenegro. However, a status such as that achieved by the
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that included the King of Montenegro and several powerful tribes opposed unification and advocated an independent Montenegrin state. The faction in favour of unification was the
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being dismantled in favor for the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty. In response to perceived Serbian domination over Montenegro, the Greens initiated several revolts in the 1920s.
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and wanted to retreat to Slovenia in return for nominal recognition of Drljević's movement. However, this alliance between Drljević and ĐuriÅ”ić was short-lived and ended with
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Hence, not just the kinship, but the identity of certain cultural forms among the Dinaric peoples, all the way from Albanians to South Tyroleans, who are Germanized Illyrians.
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of 1999, and the Montenegrin government officially declared its neutrality in the conflict, resulting in NATO forces focusing air strikes on Serbia alone, although some
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Montenegrins within the civil service. Montenegrin nationalism arose again as a movement from 1966 to 1967 when an effort was initiated to resurrect the separate
555:, Montenegrin nationalism subsided for thirty years as a result of efforts by Yugoslavia's government to placate Montenegrins. Such efforts included: creating a 318:
The Montenegrin Federalist Party was the only political organization in Montenegro that did not have its headquarters in Belgrade. The partyā€™s theoretician,
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occurred between supporters of Đukanović and pro-unity President Bulatović. The Montenegrin government refused to support federal government actions in the
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Steven L. Burg, Paul S. Shoup. The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention. Armonk, New York, USA: M.E. Sharpe, 2000.
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Steven L. Burg, Paul S. Shoup. The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention. Armonk, New York, USA: M.E. Sharpe, 2000.
385: 322:, promoted ideas of a separate Montenegrin ethnicity (ideas that become more extreme throughout the 1930s), arguing that the Montenegrins were of 674:
Dissatisfaction with perceived domination from Serbian circles resulted in Montenegrin nationalism becoming a strong movement in Montenegro. The
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aggressively imposed from above. Montenegro ceased to exist as a geographical term, its territory becoming instead largely incorporated into the
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Montenegro possessed little power and had little influence in the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Power was being concentrated in
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as opposed to Slavic descent and that the Serb and Montenegrin mentalities were so different as to be irreconcilable. He wrote:
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and the loss of institutions and symbols of Montenegroā€™s statehood had collectively caused significant grievances, and
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is composed of 33 characters, as opposed to the 30 used in the Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian alphabets. In 1994, the
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are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
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Investigative Summary. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Accessed 4 September 2009 .
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Daily report: East Europe, Issues 13-21. United States: Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 1996. p. 72.
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Daily report: East Europe, Issues 13-21. United States: Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 1996. p. 72.
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under Italian protection was proclaimed. A number of Montenegrin Federalist Party members, headed by
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wanted to secede from Yugoslavia, that Eastern Herzegovina should be ceded to Montenegro. The
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After World War II and the rise of the Yugoslav Partisans to power in Yugoslavia under
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Only a day after the puppet state of Montenegro was proclaimed, Partisans staged the
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Democracy was proving to be unworkable in Yugoslavia, and King Alexander imposed the
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in 1929, following a series of grim events including the murder in parliament of
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During the collapse of communism and breakup of Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1991,
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and its communist government found itself in a turmoil. The rise to power of
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During the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Montenegro's President
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in the 14th century while Montenegro remained independent for many years.
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that he stated were historically part of Montenegro. The Serbian journal
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http://www.icty.org/x/cases/slobodan_milosevic/ind/en/mil-2ai020728e.htm
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genuine Yugoslav identity, all nationalist sentiment was crushed and
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in Montenegro. Serbian and Montenegrin reservist soldiers from the
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that he stated were historically part of Montenegro. The Serbs of
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The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918ā€“2005
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Montenegrin nationalism first strongly arose in the aftermath of
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declared that the Serbian and Montenegrin leadership during the
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The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics
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supported unity and alliance with Serbia as well as supporting
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Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Montenegro
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The Greens channeled their support towards two sources ā€“ the
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sought to annex Dubrovnik along with the "coastal regions of
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1982 and 1984 stifled the nationalist movement's efforts.
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when Montenegrins became divided over whether to join the
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Montenegrin nationalism became a major political issue in
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From the beginning of the 18th century, the population of
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and Montenegrin languages, had been largely destroyed by
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International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
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Nationalism that asserts that Montenegrins are a nation
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of the country, while Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian and
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In 1945, Montenegrin Federalist Party formed its own
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hold strong cultural connections with the people of
1044: 988: 752:Patriotic Komitas Union of Montenegro (since 2020) 45:and promotes the cultural unity of Montenegrins. 3322: 428:would fail to materialize for the Montenegrins. 1334:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 849:Language secessionism Ā§ In Serbo-Croatian 488:grandson and successor as heir to the throne, 1443: 52:was torn between variants of Montenegrin and 1170:. Istorijski institut Crne Gore. p. 73. 571: 141:After 1998, Montenegro's government led by 3301:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on 2945:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines) 1450: 1436: 1351:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: L-R 719:Montenegrin nationalist political entities 594:, widely used by Montenegrin nationalists. 460:to Mata in Albania; it would also include 278:Modern reconstruction of the flag used by 932:from 2007 states that Montenegrin is the 582:Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006 173: 161:arose after Serbia was taken over by the 1367: 1277: 1265: 1228: 1189: 1107: 1009: 836: 585: 452:, demanding a "Greater Montenegro" from 440:and the occupation of Yugoslavia by the 273: 79:over plans to merge Montenegro with the 62: 18: 1348: 1165: 1131: 1038: 546: 3323: 2905:Galician independence movement (Spain) 1457: 1392:Encyclopedia of Nationalism, Volume II 480:being relatively more favoured by the 269: 240:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes 2955:Patani United Liberation Organisation 2925:Inner Mongolian independence movement 1431: 1408: 1386: 1324: 1119: 1050: 997: 982: 679:Yugoslavia becoming an international 145:demanded greater autonomy within the 2950:National Liberation Front of Corsica 2875:East Turkestan independence movement 923:Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts 723: 380:of Montenegro as part of the future 965:Montenegrin independence referendum 13: 14: 3347: 1138:. Chronicles Press. p. 129. 901:, which had imposed the standard 708:targets in Montenegro were hit. 652: 645: 606:who supported Serbian President 448:offered to collaborate with the 345: 338: 198: 191: 3056:Basque Country (greater region) 2915:Guangdong Independence Movement 1234: 1212: 1195: 1174: 1159: 1125: 940:are languages in official use. 810:Liberal Democrats of Montenegro 431: 83:, between the pro-independence 2860:Assyrian independence movement 1353:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1082: 1065: 1056: 804:People's Concord of Montenegro 798:Liberal Alliance of Montenegro 764:(founded in 2018) (since 2021) 747:Social Democrats of Montenegro 735:Democratic Party of Socialists 683:due to its involvement in the 147:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1: 2995:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement 2990:Tibetan independence movement 2920:Hawaiian sovereignty movement 2880:Faroese independence movement 2865:Catalan independence movement 1168:Kontrarevolucija u Crnoj Gori 970: 313:Communist Party of Yugoslavia 3076:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 2985:Taiwan independence movement 2960:Ryukyu independence movement 2870:Champa independence movement 2850:Alsace independence movement 1413:. Indiana University Press. 1370:Montenegro: A Modern History 1135:Montenegro: The Divided Land 792:Montenegrin Federalist Party 756:Civil Initiative "21 of May" 534:who broke his allegiance to 517:Independent State of Croatia 490:Prince Michael of Montenegro 446:Montenegrin Federalist Party 309:Montenegrin Federalist Party 75:when a schism arose between 7: 2940:Mapuche separatist movement 943: 741:Liberal Party of Montenegro 562:Montenegrin Orthodox Church 67:Montenegrin patriotic rally 10: 3352: 2975:Silesian Autonomy Movement 2855:Assam separatist movements 2010:Northern & Middle Asia 1368:Morrison, Kenneth (2009). 1318: 930:Constitution of Montenegro 864:appeared in the after the 846: 840: 693:1997 presidential election 634:Montenegrin Prime Minister 575: 290:and had shifted away from 282:during the 1920s to 1940s. 177: 168: 3292: 3244: 3018: 2980:SzĆ©kely autonomy movement 2842: 2669: 2634: 2589: 2519: 2478: 2460: 2453: 2408: 2365: 2358: 2333: 2297: 2269: 2262: 2189: 2099: 2092: 2057: 2009: 1963: 1878: 1805: 1717: 1710: 1675: 1654: 1613: 1606: 1586: 1565: 1529: 1481: 1474: 1465: 816:Civic Party of Montenegro 524:Montenegrin People's Army 418:Cvetkovićā€“Maček Agreement 110:in 1991 declared that if 2910:Greenlandic independence 1166:Pajović, Radoje (1977). 1132:Fleming, Thomas (2002). 572:Contemporary nationalism 3331:Montenegrin nationalism 1409:Ramet, Sabrina (2006). 1349:Minahan, James (2002). 1247:. Slavica Helsingiensia 768:Social Democratic Party 697:President of Montenegro 590:Redesigned flag of the 540:Battle of Lijevče Field 502:Petrović-NjegoÅ” dynasty 31:Montenegrin nationalism 3336:Politics of Montenegro 2935:Māori protest movement 878:Montenegrin PEN Center 824:(2014ā€“2018, 2020ā€“2021) 770:(factions, since 1993) 595: 401:Croatian Peasant Party 397:6 January Dictatorship 333: 283: 174:Creation of Yugoslavia 136:Bosnia and Herzegovina 112:Bosnia and Herzegovina 68: 27: 2965:Scottish independence 2930:Kashubian Association 2652:Indigenous Australian 1041:, pp. 1296ā€“1299. 866:breakup of Yugoslavia 837:Language secessionism 818:(factions, 2002ā€“2010) 589: 578:Breakup of Yugoslavia 470:Kingdom of Montenegro 328: 277: 66: 22: 3171:Marathi Abhimaangeet 2970:Siberian regionalism 874:Montenegrin alphabet 858:Montenegrin language 557:constituent republic 547:Socialist Yugoslavia 248:Karađorđević dynasty 130:between the town of 3262:American Indigenous 2895:Free Papua Movement 2305:Balkar and Karachay 2100:Southeastern Europe 1631:Indigenous Canadian 1388:Motyl, Alexander J. 1280:, pp. 192ā€“194. 1268:, pp. 113ā€“114. 985:, pp. 345ā€“346. 921:, president of the 621:Eastern Herzegovina 426:Banovina of Croatia 270:Interwar Yugoslavia 155:Montenegrin culture 77:Montenegro's tribes 54:Serbian nationalism 3307:ethnic nationalism 3010:Welsh independence 2890:Free Aceh Movement 2122:in North Macedonia 1964:South-eastern Asia 1459:Ethnic nationalism 1394:. Academic Press. 960:Christmas Uprising 907:Novi Sad Agreement 860:separate from the 806:(civic, 2001ā€“2006) 800:(civic, 1990ā€“2005) 788:(1918ā€“1922, 1940s) 786:Montenegrin Greens 608:Slobodan MiloÅ”ević 596: 592:Montenegrin Greens 468:. A much smaller " 374:self-determination 300:Christmas Uprising 296:Podgorica Assembly 284: 280:Montenegrin Greens 184:Christmas Uprising 180:Podgorica Assembly 124:siege of Dubrovnik 69: 37:that asserts that 28: 25:flag of Montenegro 3318: 3317: 3061:Catalan Countries 2665: 2664: 2630: 2629: 2585: 2584: 2449: 2448: 2354: 2353: 2088: 2087: 1706: 1705: 1602: 1601: 1341:978-0-8014-9493-2 1303:on 2 January 2015 1145:978-0-9619364-9-5 1110:, pp. 47ā€“49. 934:official language 883:ijekavian dialect 833: 832: 672: 671: 382:Balkan Federation 365: 364: 311:and the emergent 232: 231: 212:political leader 102:and territory in 81:Kingdom of Serbia 3343: 3311: 3196:Republika Srpska 3005:Walloon Movement 2885:Flemish Movement 2458: 2457: 2363: 2362: 2267: 2266: 2097: 2096: 1715: 1714: 1611: 1610: 1479: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1452: 1445: 1438: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1405: 1383: 1364: 1345: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1302: 1295: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1246: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1216: 1210: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1129: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1069: 1063: 1060: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1013: 1007: 1001: 995: 986: 980: 905:, following the 862:Serbian language 724: 706:federal military 667:Ranko Krivokapić 656: 649: 642: 641: 536:Draža Mihailović 509:13 July Uprising 486:King Nicholas I' 450:Italian Fascists 349: 342: 335: 334: 304:King Alexander's 264:Petrović dynasty 202: 195: 188: 187: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3340: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3296: 3288: 3240: 3176:Northern Epirus 3146:Ketuanan Melayu 3014: 2900:Future of ƅland 2838: 2774:Native American 2671:Pan-nationalism 2661: 2626: 2590:Northern Europe 2581: 2515: 2474: 2454:Southern Europe 2445: 2404: 2350: 2329: 2293: 2258: 2185: 2084: 2053: 2005: 1959: 1874: 1801: 1702: 1671: 1650: 1641:Native American 1598: 1587:Southern Africa 1582: 1561: 1525: 1467: 1461: 1456: 1421: 1402: 1380: 1372:. I.B. Tauris. 1361: 1342: 1321: 1316: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1276: 1272: 1264: 1260: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1227: 1223: 1217: 1213: 1200: 1196: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1164: 1160: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1130: 1126: 1118: 1114: 1106: 1095: 1087: 1083: 1070: 1066: 1061: 1057: 1049: 1045: 1037: 1016: 1008: 1004: 996: 989: 981: 977: 973: 946: 851: 845: 839: 834: 822:The Montenegrin 774: 721: 676:1992 referendum 625:Old Herzegovina 604:Momir Bulatović 584: 574: 553:Josip Broz Tito 549: 494:Sekula Drljević 434: 378:Soviet Republic 355:Sekula Drljević 320:Sekula Drljević 272: 227: 225: 213: 211: 186: 176: 171: 159:Serbian culture 92:Momir Bulatović 17: 12: 11: 5: 3349: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3312: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3254: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3131:Karakalpakstan 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3111:East Turkestan 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2675: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2644: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2412: 2410: 2409:United Kingdom 2406: 2405: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2359:Western Europe 2356: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2298:North Caucasus 2295: 2294: 2292: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2263:Eastern Europe 2260: 2259: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2193: 2191: 2190:Central Europe 2187: 2186: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2171:Romani (Gypsy) 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2103: 2101: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2061: 2059: 2058:South Caucasus 2055: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2027:South Mongolia 2019: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1888: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1820: 1815: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1721: 1719: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1615: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1596: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1483: 1476: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1455: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1419: 1406: 1400: 1384: 1379:978-1845117108 1378: 1365: 1359: 1346: 1340: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1282: 1270: 1258: 1233: 1221: 1211: 1194: 1182: 1173: 1158: 1144: 1124: 1122:, p. 290. 1112: 1093: 1081: 1064: 1055: 1053:, p. 346. 1043: 1014: 1002: 1000:, p. 345. 987: 974: 972: 969: 968: 967: 962: 957: 952: 945: 942: 919:Jevrem Brković 915:Maternji jezik 903:Serbo-Croatian 853:The idea of a 841:Main article: 838: 835: 831: 830: 826: 825: 819: 813: 807: 801: 795: 789: 776: 772: 771: 765: 759: 753: 750: 744: 738: 722: 720: 717: 689:European Union 670: 669: 664: 662:Milo Đukanović 658: 657: 650: 637:Milo Đukanović 573: 570: 548: 545: 526:out of former 498:Novica Radović 444:, nationalist 436:Following the 433: 430: 363: 362: 360:Savić Marković 357: 351: 350: 343: 271: 268: 230: 229: 219: 208:Jovan Plamenac 204: 203: 196: 175: 172: 170: 167: 163:Ottoman Empire 157:separate from 143:Milo Đukanović 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3348: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3303:ethnic groups 3300: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3252:Local (China) 3250: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3116:Herzeg-Bosnia 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2332: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1896:in Bangladesh 1894: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1881: 1879:Southern Asia 1877: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1676:South America 1674: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1616: 1614:North America 1612: 1609: 1605: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1464: 1460: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1434: 1433: 1430: 1422: 1420:0-253-34656-8 1416: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1401:0-12-227230-7 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1360:0-313-32111-6 1356: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1299: 1292: 1286: 1279: 1278:Morrison 2009 1274: 1267: 1266:Morrison 2009 1262: 1243: 1237: 1231:, p. 92. 1230: 1229:Morrison 2009 1225: 1215: 1208: 1207:9781563243097 1204: 1198: 1191: 1190:Morrison 2009 1186: 1177: 1169: 1162: 1147: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1128: 1121: 1116: 1109: 1108:Morrison 2009 1104: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1091: 1085: 1078: 1077:9781563243097 1074: 1068: 1059: 1052: 1047: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1011: 1010:Morrison 2009 1006: 999: 994: 992: 984: 979: 975: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 947: 941: 939: 935: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 856: 850: 844: 829: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 784: 783: 782: 781: 777: 775: 769: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 737:(since 2000s) 736: 733: 732: 731: 730: 726: 725: 716: 713: 712:James Minahan 709: 707: 703: 698: 694: 690: 686: 685:Yugoslav Wars 682: 677: 668: 665: 663: 660: 659: 655: 651: 648: 644: 643: 640: 638: 635: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 609: 605: 601: 600:SR Montenegro 593: 588: 583: 579: 569: 565: 563: 558: 554: 544: 541: 537: 533: 532:Pavle ĐuriÅ”ić 529: 525: 520: 518: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 414:Zeta Banovina 411: 406: 405:Stjepan Radić 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 372:principle of 371: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 348: 344: 341: 337: 336: 332: 327: 325: 321: 316: 314: 310: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 281: 276: 267: 265: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 226:commander of 223: 222:Krsto Popović 220: 217: 209: 206: 205: 201: 197: 194: 190: 189: 185: 181: 166: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 139: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 88: 86: 82: 78: 74: 65: 61: 59: 55: 51: 46: 44: 40: 36: 32: 26: 21: 3298: 3297: 3226:SzĆ©kely Land 3191:Pashtunistan 3041:Balawaristan 2814:South Slavic 2804:Scandinavian 2334:Volga Region 2165: 1948:in Sri Lanka 1806:Eastern Asia 1667:Puerto Rican 1482:North Africa 1466:Nationalisms 1410: 1391: 1369: 1350: 1330: 1305:. Retrieved 1298:the original 1285: 1273: 1261: 1249:. Retrieved 1236: 1224: 1214: 1197: 1192:, p. 7. 1185: 1176: 1167: 1161: 1149:. Retrieved 1134: 1127: 1115: 1084: 1067: 1058: 1046: 1039:Minahan 2002 1012:, p. 1. 1005: 978: 950:Montenegrins 927: 914: 911: 855:standardized 852: 827: 779: 778: 773: 758:(since 2021) 749:(since 2015) 743:(since 2004) 728: 727: 710: 673: 597: 566: 550: 521: 506: 435: 432:World War II 394: 386:4th Congress 366: 329: 317: 285: 260: 246:) under the 233: 228:the Greens. 140: 107: 89: 85:Green tribes 70: 47: 39:Montenegrins 30: 29: 3231:Tamil Eelam 3211:Saraikistan 3091:Hatay State 3046:Balochistan 3000:Wallmapuwen 2694:Bangladeshi 2166:Montenegrin 2070:Azerbaijani 2034:Pan-Turkism 1775:Palestinian 1718:Middle East 1626:Greenlandic 1530:East Africa 1307:10 December 1251:14 December 1151:12 December 870:State Union 812:(2001ā€“2006) 794:(1922ā€“1945) 780:Historical: 617:Herzegovina 458:Herzegovina 442:Axis forces 410:Yugoslavism 236:World War I 104:Herzegovina 96:irredentist 73:World War I 35:nationalism 3325:Categories 3277:Indigenous 3221:Sindhudesh 3201:Santa Cruz 3121:Hutu Power 3051:Bangsamoro 2642:Australian 2617:Lithuanian 2532:Andalusian 2310:Circassian 2274:Belarusian 2222:in Austria 2156:Macedonian 2112:in Albania 2001:Vietnamese 1835:Hongkonger 1828:chauvinist 1509:Pharaonism 1326:Banac, Ivo 1120:Banac 1984 1051:Motyl 2001 998:Motyl 2001 983:Motyl 2001 971:References 955:The Greens 847:See also: 729:Currently: 702:Kosovo War 576:See also: 244:Yugoslavia 178:See also: 98:claims to 50:Montenegro 3181:Occitania 3166:Manchukuo 3156:Lezgistan 3151:Kurdistan 3096:Hazarajat 3081:Circassia 2843:Movements 2794:Pakistani 2769:Mongolian 2709:Congolese 2622:Norwegian 2612:Icelandic 2577:Valencian 2572:Navarrese 2557:Castilian 2537:Aragonese 2501:Sardinian 2284:Ukrainian 2254:Slovenian 2234:Hungarian 2149:in Cyprus 2129:Aromanian 2117:in Kosovo 2022:Mongolian 1938:Sinhalese 1908:Dravidian 1865:Taiwanese 1813:Cantonese 1790:in Cyprus 1760:Jordanian 1683:Argentine 1655:Caribbean 1646:QuĆ©bĆ©cois 1594:Afrikaner 909:in 1954. 691:. By the 613:Dubrovnik 478:Albanians 456:river in 438:April War 424:with the 100:Dubrovnik 3141:Katarism 3066:Chameria 3019:Projects 2824:Turanian 2819:Tunisian 2789:Oceanian 2779:Nigerian 2729:Hispanic 2724:Germanic 2714:European 2647:Hawaiian 2597:Estonian 2567:Galician 2552:Canarian 2542:Asturian 2511:Venetian 2506:Sicilian 2496:Padanian 2470:Corsican 2431:Scottish 2325:Ossetian 2244:Silesian 2227:Vƶlkisch 2202:Bavarian 2197:Austrian 2176:Romanian 2161:Moldovan 2139:Croatian 2107:Albanian 2075:Georgian 2065:Armenian 2044:Siberian 1971:Filipino 1886:Assamese 1855:Okinawan 1840:Japanese 1770:Lebanese 1748:Diaspora 1730:Assyrian 1698:Peruvian 1607:Americas 1557:Tigrayan 1504:Egyptian 1390:(2001). 1328:(1984). 944:See also 938:Albanian 895:Belgrade 887:Croatian 762:New Left 528:Chetniks 462:Metohija 324:Illyrian 288:Belgrade 116:Bosniaks 3216:Silesia 3186:Ossetia 3161:Luhansk 3136:Karelia 3126:Ilirida 3106:Donetsk 3031:Assyria 2834:Ugandan 2799:Russian 2744:Iranian 2734:Iberian 2704:Chinese 2679:African 2635:Oceania 2607:Finnish 2602:Faroese 2562:Catalan 2527:Spanish 2491:Lombard 2486:Italian 2426:English 2421:Cornish 2416:British 2400:Walloon 2395:Occitan 2380:Flemish 2370:Arpitan 2341:Chuvash 2289:Yiddish 2279:Russian 2212:Frisian 2181:Serbian 2134:Bosniak 2039:Pashtun 1955:Tripuri 1928:Punjabi 1891:Bengali 1870:Tibetan 1818:Chinese 1785:Turkish 1765:Kurdish 1753:Zionism 1744:Jewish 1735:Iranian 1693:Mapuche 1688:Criollo 1662:Haitian 1621:Chicano 1566:Nigeria 1521:Sahrawi 1319:Sources 1079:p. 102. 891:Bosnian 530:led by 466:Sandžak 454:Neretva 403:leader 390:Dresden 370:Leninā€™s 292:Cetinje 214:of the 169:History 128:Croatia 33:is the 3272:German 3257:Racial 3101:Danzig 3086:Crimea 3071:Champa 3036:Azawad 3026:Arakan 2829:Turkic 2809:Slavic 2784:Nordic 2764:Libyan 2754:Korean 2739:Indian 2719:Finnic 2699:Celtic 2547:Basque 2465:Basque 2436:Ulster 2385:French 2375:Breton 2320:Lezgin 2315:Ingush 2249:Slovak 2239:Polish 2217:German 2093:Europe 2049:Uyghur 2017:Baloch 1933:Sindhi 1918:Meitei 1913:Hazara 1860:Ryukyu 1850:Manchu 1845:Korean 1780:Syrian 1636:Lakota 1552:Somali 1542:Amhara 1537:Acholi 1516:Kabyle 1499:Coptic 1494:Berber 1475:Africa 1417:  1398:  1376:  1357:  1338:  1209:p. 74. 1205:  1142:  1075:  899:Zagreb 828: 681:pariah 515:, the 513:Zagreb 474:UstaÅ”e 422:Croats 298:, the 256:Whites 252:Greens 216:Greens 151:Serbia 43:nation 41:are a 3282:White 3267:Black 3245:Other 3236:Tibet 3206:SĆ”pmi 2759:Latin 2749:Iraqi 2689:Asian 2657:Māori 2520:Spain 2479:Italy 2441:Welsh 2390:Irish 2346:Tatar 2207:Czech 2144:Greek 1981:Malay 1976:Khmer 1943:Tamil 1740:Iraqi 1578:Ogoni 1301:(PDF) 1294:(PDF) 1245:(PDF) 482:Nazis 108:Epoha 58:Serbs 3299:Note 2684:Arab 1996:Thai 1991:Shan 1923:Naga 1903:Bodo 1797:Zaza 1725:Arab 1711:Asia 1573:Igbo 1547:Hutu 1489:Arab 1415:ISBN 1396:ISBN 1374:ISBN 1355:ISBN 1336:ISBN 1309:2019 1253:2018 1219:171. 1203:ISBN 1153:2019 1140:ISBN 1073:ISBN 928:The 897:and 615:and 580:and 476:and 464:and 182:and 132:Neum 23:The 2080:Laz 1986:Mon 1823:Han 629:JNA 388:in 114:'s 3327:: 1468:in 1096:^ 1017:^ 990:^ 889:, 564:. 504:. 484:. 392:. 315:. 224:, 218:. 210:, 134:, 60:. 3310:. 1451:e 1444:t 1437:v 1423:. 1404:. 1382:. 1363:. 1344:. 1311:. 1255:. 1155:. 242:(

Index


flag of Montenegro
nationalism
Montenegrins
nation
Montenegro
Serbian nationalism
Serbs

World War I
Montenegro's tribes
Kingdom of Serbia
Green tribes
Momir Bulatović
irredentist
Dubrovnik
Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosniaks
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
siege of Dubrovnik
Croatia
Neum
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Milo Đukanović
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Serbia
Montenegrin culture
Serbian culture
Ottoman Empire

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