583:
and give the passengers a better view. The flight crew either was unaware of or ignored the approved route's minimum safe altitude (MSA) of 16,000 feet (4,900 m) for the approach to Mount Erebus, and 6,000 feet (1,800 m) in the sector south of Mount Erebus (and then only when the cloud base was at 7,000 feet (2,100 m) or better). Photographs and news stories from previous flights showed that many of these had been flown at levels substantially below the route's MSA. In addition, preflight briefings for previous flights had approved descents to any altitude authorised by the US ATC at McMurdo
Station. As the US ATC expected Flight 901 to follow the same route as previous flights down McMurdo Sound, and in accordance with the route waypoints previously advised by Air New Zealand to them, the ATC advised Flight 901 that it had a radar that could let them down to 1,500 feet (460 m). The radar equipment did not pick up the aircraft, however, and the crew also experienced difficulty establishing VHF communications. The
563:. Crucially, the flight crew of Flight 901 was not notified of the change. The flight plan printout given to the crew on the morning of the flight, which was subsequently entered by them into the aircraft's INS, differed from the flight plan presented at the 9 November briefing and from Captain Collins' map mark-ups, which he had prepared the night before the fatal flight. The key difference was that the flight plan presented at the briefing corresponded to a track down McMurdo Sound, giving Mount Erebus a wide berth to the east, whereas the flight plan printed on the morning of the flight corresponded to a track that coincided with Mount Erebus, which would result in a collision with Mount Erebus if this leg were flown at an altitude less than 13,000 feet (4,000 m), 12,448 feet (3,794 m) being the top peak of Mount Erebus.
614:. Unknown to them, the coordinates had been modified earlier that morning to correct the error introduced previously and undetected until then. The crew evidently did not check the destination waypoint against a topographical map (as did Captain Simpson on the flight of 14 November) or they would have noticed the change. Charts for the Antarctic were not available to the pilot for planning purposes, being withheld until the flight was about to depart. The charts eventually provided, which were carried on the aircraft, were neither comprehensive enough nor large enough in scale to support detailed plotting.
316:
654:– no contrast between ground and sky was visible to the pilots. The effect deceived everyone on the flight deck, making them believe that the white mountainside was the Ross Ice Shelf, a huge expanse of floating ice derived from the great ice sheets of Antarctica, which was in fact now behind the mountain. As it was little understood, even by experienced polar pilots, Air New Zealand had provided no training for the flight crew on the sector whiteout phenomenon. Consequently, the crew thought they were flying along McMurdo Sound, when they were actually flying over
1118:
639:
1461:, with a relative of one of the crash victims stating that it was the right place. However, local residents criticised the memorial's location, saying that it would "destroy the ambiance of the park". After numerous delays, construction was set to begin in October 2021. However, due to an investigation by the Ombudsman, construction was limited to reversible "preparation works". The delays were caused by protests against the construction, fearing that it could endanger the giant pōhutukawa in the park.
1412:
4546:
472:
468:(INS), and was surprised to find a large distance between the two. After his flight, Captain Simpson advised Air New Zealand's navigation section of the difference in positions. For reasons that were disputed, this triggered Air New Zealand's navigation section to update the McMurdo waypoint coordinates stored in the ground computer to correspond with the coordinates of the McMurdo TACAN beacon, despite this also not corresponding with the approved route.
450:. Due to a typing error in the coordinates when the route was computerised, however, the printout from Air New Zealand's ground computer system that was presented at the 9 November briefing corresponded to a southerly flight path down the middle of the wide McMurdo Sound, about 27 nautical miles (50 km; 31 mi) to the west of Mount Erebus. The majority of the previous 13 flights had also entered this flight plan's coordinates into their aircraft
598:
conditions, Flight 901 collided with the mountain at an altitude around 1,500 feet (460 m), on the lower slopes of the 12,448-ft-tall (3,794 m) mountain. Passenger photographs taken seconds before the collision removed all plausibility of a "flying in cloud" theory, showing perfectly clear visibility well beneath the cloud base, with landmarks 13 miles (21 km) to the left and 10 miles (16 km) to the right of the aircraft visible.
1155:(1,800 m) even under good weather conditions, but a combination of factors led the captain to believe the plane was over the sea (the middle of McMurdo Sound and few small low islands), and previous Flight 901 pilots had regularly flown low over the area to give passengers a better view, as evidenced by photographs in Air New Zealand's own travel magazine and by first-hand accounts of personnel based on the ground at NZ's Scott Base.
1086:
in cargo nets under the helicopters and they were taken to McMurdo. This was doubly exhausting because we also had to wind down the personnel numbers with each helo load and that left the remaining people with more work to do. It was exhausting uncovering the bodies and loading them and dangerous, too, as debris from the crash site was whipped up by the helo rotors. Risks were taken by all those involved in this work. The civilians from
1282:"Exhibit 164" was a photocopied diagram of McMurdo Sound showing a southbound flight path passing west of Ross Island and a northbound path passing the island on the east. The diagram did not extend sufficiently far south to show where, how, or even if they joined, and left the two paths disconnected. Evidence had been given to the effect that the diagram had been included in the flight crew's briefing documentation.
4534:
1003:
unidentified debris along the side of Mount Erebus. No survivors could be seen. Around 9:00 am, 20 hours after the crash, helicopters with search parties managed to land on the side of the mountain. They confirmed that the wreckage was that of Flight 901 and that all 237 passengers and 20 crew members had been killed. The DC-10's altitude at the time of the collision was 1,465 feet (447 m).
631:
1181:, which creates the visual illusion of a flat horizon far in the distance. A very broad gap between cloud layers appeared to allow a view of the distant Ross Ice Shelf and beyond. Mahon noted that the flight crew, with many thousands of hours of flight time between them, had considerable experience with the extreme accuracy of the aircraft's
1185:. Mahon also found that the preflight briefings for previous flights had approved descents to any altitude authorised by the US ATC at McMurdo Station, and that the radio communications centre at McMurdo Station had indeed authorised Collins to descend to 1,500 feet (460 m), below the minimum safe level of 6,000 feet (1,800 m).
1248:
must accept, being untruthful ... they were also being singularly naive. uite apart from the mass of evidence of flights at low altitudes and the publicity given to them ... it is not conceivable that individual witnesses falsely disclaimed knowledge of low flying on previous
Antarctic flights in a concerted attempt to deceive anybody.
1464:
In March 2022, the
Ombudsman released his report, stating that Ministry of Culture & Heritage "should have consulted more widely before forming its preference for a location," and that it "acted unreasonably in October 2019, when it failed to reply to correspondence about resource consent for the
1239:
in London against the Court of Appeal's decision. His findings as to the cause of the accident, namely reprogramming of the aircraft's flight plan by the ground crew, who then failed to inform the flight crew, had not been challenged before the Court of Appeal, so were not challenged before the Privy
1171:
Mahon's report, released on 27 April 1981, cleared the crew of blame for the disaster. Mahon said the single, dominant, and effective cause of the crash was Air New
Zealand's alteration of the flight plan waypoint coordinates in the ground navigation computer without advising the crew. The new flight
1085:
We ran out of cigarettes, a catastrophe that caused all persons, civilians and police on site, to hand in their personal supplies so we could dish them out equally and spin out the supply we had. As the weather cleared, the helos were able to get back and we then were able to hook the piles of bodies
1050:
The fact that we all spent about a week camped in polar tents amid the wreckage and dead bodies, maintaining a 24-hour work schedule says it all. We split the men into two shifts (12 hours on and 12 off), and recovered with great effort all the human remains at the site. Many bodies were trapped
1355:
Almost all of the aircraft's wreckage still lies where it came to rest on the slopes of Mount Erebus, as both its remote location and its weather conditions can hamper any further recovery operations. During the cold periods, the wreckage is buried under a layer of snow and ice. During warm periods,
430:
Captain
Collins and co-pilot Cassin had never flown to Antarctica before (while flight engineer Brooks had flown to Antarctica only once previously), but they were experienced pilots and were considered qualified for the flight. On 9 November 1979, 19 days before departure, the two pilots attended a
1449:
containing letters written by the loved ones of those who died was placed next to the
Antarctic cross. It was originally to have been placed at the site by six relatives of the victims on the 30th anniversary of the crash, 28 November 2009, but this was delayed for two months due to bad weather. It
1331:
on 6 June, which grounded all U.S.-registered DC-10s and forbade any foreign government that had a bilateral agreement with the United States regarding aircraft certifications from flying their DC-10s, which included Air New
Zealand's seven DC-10s. The Air New Zealand DC-10 fleet was grounded until
1277:
item by item, including
Exhibit 164, which they said could not "be understood by any experienced pilot to be intended for the purposes of navigation" and went even further, saying there was no clear proof on which to base a finding that a plan of deception, led by the company's chief executive, had
1197:
crashes. Chippindale's investigation techniques were revealed as lacking in rigour, which allowed errors and avoidable gaps in knowledge to appear in reports. Consequently, Chippindale entirely missed the importance of the flight-plan change and the rare meteorological conditions of
Antarctica. Had
1108:
was instituted to recognise the service of New
Zealanders, and citizens of the United States of America and other countries, who were involved in the body recovery, identification, and crash investigation phases of Operation Overdue. On 5 June 2009, the New Zealand government recognised some of the
1002:
At 9:00 pm, about half an hour after the plane would have run out of fuel, Air New Zealand informed the press that it believed the aircraft to be lost. Rescue teams searched along the assumed flight path, but found nothing. At 12:55 am, the crew of a United States Navy aircraft discovered
597:
visible on the horizon, when in reality they were flying directly toward the mountain. Despite most of the crew being engaged in identifying visual landmarks at the time, they never perceived the mountain directly in front of them. About 6 minutes after completing a descent in visual meteorological
1247:
Their Lordships accept unreservedly that ... the evidence given by several of the executive pilots at the inquiry was false. But, even though false ... it cannot have formed part of a predetermined plan of deception. Those witnesses whom the Judge disbelieved on this issue were, as their Lordships
1073:
were eating the bodies in front of us, causing us much mental anguish, as well as destroying the chances of identifying the corpses. We tried to shoo them away, but to no avail; we then threw flares, also to no avail. Because of this, we had to pick up all the bodies/parts that had been bagged and
582:
The flight had earlier paused during the approach to McMurdo Sound to carry out a descent, via a figure-eight manoeuvre, through a gap in the low cloud base (later estimated to be at around 2,000 to 3,000 feet (610 to 910 m)) while over water to establish visual contact with surface landmarks
323:
The flight was designed and marketed as a unique sightseeing experience, carrying an experienced Antarctic guide, who pointed out scenic features and landmarks using the aircraft's public-address system, while passengers enjoyed a low-flying sweep of McMurdo Sound. The flights left and returned to
1054:
Initially, there was very little water at the site and we had only one bowl between all of us to wash our hands in before eating. The water was black. In the first days on site, we did not wash plates and utensils after eating, but handed them on to the next shift because we were unable to wash
998:
Flight 901 was due to arrive back at Christchurch at 6:05 pm for a stopover including refuelling and a crew change before completing the journey back to Auckland. Around 50 passengers were also supposed to disembark at Christchurch. Airport staff initially told the waiting families that the
1192:
to whitewash the inquiry, accusing them of "an orchestrated litany of lies" by covering up evidence and lying to investigators. Mahon found that, in the original report, Chippindale had a poor grasp of the flying involved in jet-airline operation, as he (and the New Zealand CAA in general) was
1041:
The job of individual identification took many weeks, and was largely done by teams of pathologists, dentists, and police. The mortuary team was led by Inspector Jim Morgan, who collated and edited a report on the recovery operation. Recordkeeping had to be meticulous because of the number and
621:
About four hours after a smooth take-off, the flight was 42 miles (68 km) away from McMurdo Station. The radio communications centre there allowed the pilots to descend to 10,000 ft (3,000 m) and to continue "visually". Air-safety regulations at the time did not allow flights to
1154:
as the principal cause of the accident and attributed blame to the decision of Collins to descend below the customary minimum altitude level, and to continue at that altitude when the crew was unsure of the plane's position. The customary minimum altitude prohibited descent below 6,000 feet
1476:
led to "significant land slips occurring along the cliff line," including one in the vicinity of the memorial site. The geotechnical engineering assessment undertaken concluded that "the land was unsafe to build the memorial on", forcing them to abandon the plans to build the memorial in
288:, concluded that the accident was primarily caused by a correction made to the coordinates of the flight path the night before the disaster, coupled with a failure to inform the flight crew of the change, with the result that the aircraft, instead of being directed by computer down
1167:
announced a further one-man Royal Commission of Inquiry into the accident, to be performed by Justice Peter Mahon. This Royal Commission was initially handicapped in that the deadline was extremely short; originally set for 31 October 1980, it was subsequently extended four times.
1137:
were in working order and able to be deciphered. Extensive photographic footage, including video, from the moments before the crash was available; being a sightseeing flight, most passengers were carrying cameras, from which the majority of the film could be developed.
1388:
In 2008, Justice Mahon was posthumously awarded the Jim Collins Memorial Award by the New Zealand Airline Pilots Association for exceptional contributions to air safety, "in forever changing the general approach used in transport accidents investigations world wide."
1465:
proposed memorial." Construction was halted upon the recommendation given, which "called for the ministry to resolve any grievances before construction begins." By 10 February 2023, the Ombudsman was satisfied by the actions taken to implement his recommendations.
1400:, along with the national government, issued a formal apology to the families of the victims. Ardern " regret on behalf of Air New Zealand for the accident", and " on behalf of the airline which 40 years ago failed in its duty of care to its passengers and staff."
1074:
create 11 large piles of human remains around the crash site in order to bury them under snow to keep the birds off. To do this we had to scoop up the top layer of snow over the crash site and bury them, only later to uncover them when the weather cleared and the
622:
descend to lower than 6,000 ft (1,800 m), even in good weather, although Air New Zealand's own travel magazine showed photographs of previous flights clearly operating below 6,000 ft (1,800 m). Collins believed the plane was over open water.
378:
ZK-NZP. The 182nd DC-10 to be built, and the fourth DC-10 to be introduced by Air New Zealand, ZK-NZP was handed over to the airline on 12 December 1974 at McDonnell Douglas's Long Beach plant. It had logged more than 20,700 flight hours prior to the crash.
292:(as the crew had been led to believe), was instead rerouted to a path toward Mount Erebus. Justice Mahon's report accused Air New Zealand of presenting "an orchestrated litany of lies", and this led to changes in senior management at the airline. The
1223:, which unanimously set aside the costs order. The Court of Appeal, by majority, though, declined to go any further, and in particular, declined to set aside Mahon's finding that members of the management of Air New Zealand had conspired to commit
1453:
The book-length poem "Erebus" by American writer Jane Summer (Sibling Rivalry Press, 2015) memorialises a close friend who died in the tragedy, and in a feat of 'investigative poetry', explores the chain of flawed decisions that caused the crash.
1014:
logo clearly visible, was found in the snow. Bodies and fragments of the aircraft were flown back to Auckland for identification. The remains of 44 of the victims were not individually identified. A funeral was held for them on 22 February 1980.
1533:
Other files are held by Archives New Zealand at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin. These include files of the Royal Commission (Agency AASJ, accession W2802) and the New Zealand Police (Agencies AAAJ, BBAN; many are restricted).
617:
These new coordinates changed the flight plan to track 27 miles (43 km) east of their understanding. The coordinates programmed the plane to overfly Mount Erebus, a 12,448-foot-high (3,794 m) volcano, instead of down McMurdo Sound.
1081:
After we had almost completed the mission, we were trapped by bad weather and isolated. At that point, NZPO2 and I allowed the liquor that had survived the crash to be given out and we had a party (macabre, but we had to let off steam).
775:
McMurdo Station attempted to contact the flight after the crash, and informed Air New Zealand headquarters in Auckland that communication with the aircraft had been lost. United States search-and-rescue personnel were placed on standby.
578:
concluded that this was a deliberate attempt to conceal from the United States authorities that the flight plan had been changed, probably because it was known that US Air Traffic Control would lodge an objection to the new flight path.
1392:
In 2009, Air New Zealand's CEO Rob Fyfe apologised to all those affected who did not receive appropriate support and compassion from the company following the incident, and unveiled a commemorative sculpture at its headquarters.
1265:, an accusation which they determined was not supported by the evidence. In its judgment, delivered on 20 October 1983, the Judicial Committee therefore dismissed Mahon's appeal. Aviation researcher John King wrote in his book
1026:
Efforts for recovery were extensive, owing in part to the pressure from Japan, as 24 passengers had been Japanese. The operation lasted until 9 December 1979, with up to 60 recovery workers on site at a time. A team of
3427:
1493:, a golf tournament sponsored by Air New Zealand. CEO Morrie Davis was playing the pro-am when he first heard word that the plane was "lost." Air New Zealand thought about cancelling the tournament but decided against it.
3103:
359:
had acted as guides on previous flights. Hillary was scheduled to act as the guide for the fatal flight of 28 November 1979, but had to cancel because of other commitments. His long-time friend and climbing companion,
3333:
4576:
397:
in 1978). Also on board were First Officer Graham Neville Lucas (39) and Flight Engineer Nicholas John "Nick" Moloney (44). Flight Engineer Moloney had a total of 6,468 flight hours, including 1,700 in the DC-10.
3064:
1260:
effectively agreed with some of the views of the minority in the Court of Appeal in concluding that Mahon had acted in breach of natural justice by finding that Air New Zealand management had been engaged in a
343:
after flying 5,360 miles (8,630 km). The aircraft would make a 45-minute stop at Christchurch for refuelling and a crew change, before flying the remaining 464 miles (747 km) to Auckland, arriving at
593:(CVR) transcripts from the last minutes of the flight before impact with Mount Erebus indicated that the flight crew believed they were flying over McMurdo Sound, well to the west of Mount Erebus and with the
3007:
1419:
A wooden cross was erected on the mountain above Scott Base to commemorate the accident. It was replaced in 1986 with an aluminium cross after the original was eroded by low temperatures, wind, and moisture.
1176:
conditions, "a malevolent trick of the polar light", the crew were unable to visually identify the mountain in front of them. Furthermore, they may have experienced a rare meteorological phenomenon called
1339:
and American Airlines Flight 191. The event marked the beginning of the end for Air New Zealand's DC-10 fleet, although talk existed before the accident of replacing the aircraft; DC-10s were replaced by
1219:
of Mahon's order that it pay more than half the costs of the Mahon inquiry, and for judicial review of some of the findings of fact Mahon had made in his report. The application was referred to the
3303:
3487:
1695:
At press time no information had been released concerning the flightdata and cockpit-voice recorder of Air New Zealand McDonnell Douglas DC-10 ZK-NZP which crashed on Mount Erebus on 28 November.
2509:
3273:
1526:
Material related to the Erebus disaster and inquiry is held (with other Antarctica items from the Antarctic Division of the (former) Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR)) by
1332:
the FAA measures were rescinded five weeks later, on 13 July, after all carriers had completed modifications that responded to issues discovered from the American Airlines Flight 191 incident.
29:
4586:
3626:
1046:. The exercise resulted in 83% of the deceased passengers and crew eventually being identified, sometimes from evidence such as a finger capable of yielding a print, or keys in a pocket.
1950:
1062:
gloves afforded, i.e., writing down the details of what we saw and assigning body and grid numbers to all body parts and labelling them. All bodies and body parts were photographed
2651:
3952:
3860:(audio file) ABC Radio National program "Ockham's Razor": "Arthur Marcell takes us through some of the events leading up to the crash and has a few questions for modern navigators."
3397:
3419:
3243:
3209:
3087:
1091:
566:
The Air New Zealand computer program was altered so that the standard telex forwarded to US air traffic controllers (ATCs) at the United States Antarctic science facility at
3325:
3457:
3849:
Judgments of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand on Proceedings to Review Aspects of the Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Mount Erebus Aircraft Disaster
1763:
3056:
2797:
1530:, Christchurch. There are 168 record items, of which twelve are restricted access (7 photos, 4 audio cassettes and 1 file of newspaper clippings from Air New Zealand).
3033:
3004:
1066:
by U.S. Navy photographers who worked with us. Also, U.S. Navy personnel helped us to lift and pack bodies into body bags, which was very exhausting work.
393:
Gordon Barrett Brooks (43) had 10,886 flight hours, including 3,000 in the DC-10 (Brooks had also been Flight Engineer on the Air New Zealand flight involved in the
1109:
Americans who assisted in Operation Overdue during a ceremony in Washington, DC. A total of 40 Americans, mostly Navy personnel, are eligible to receive the medal.
4601:
1055:
them. I could not eat my first meal on site because it was a meat stew. Our polar clothing became covered in black human grease (a result of burns on the bodies).
3155:
1058:
We felt relieved when the first resupply of woollen gloves arrived because ours had become saturated in human grease, however, we needed the finger movement that
4596:
1746:
665: (GPWS) began sounding a series of "whoop, whoop, pull up" alarms, warning that the plane was dangerously close to terrain. The CVR recorded the following:
3177:
3129:
3945:
2282:
2268:
2254:
2240:
2214:
1327:
in Chicago six months earlier (25 May), severely hurt the reputation of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10. Following the Chicago crash, the FAA withdrew the DC-10's
526:
2932:
1243:
Regarding the issue of Air New Zealand stating a minimum altitude of 6,000 feet for pilots in the vicinity of McMurdo Base, the Judicial Committee stated,
1240:
Council. His conclusion that the crash was the result of the aircrew being misdirected as to their flight path, not due to pilot error, therefore remained.
3295:
784:
Air New Zealand had not lost any passengers to an accident or incident until this event took place. The nationalities of the passengers and crew included:
3479:
486:
4447:
2713:
1597:
3778:
438:
The flight plan had been approved in 1977 by the Civil Aviation Division of the New Zealand Department of Transport and was along a track directly from
2902:
2501:
731:
3265:
4581:
4264:
4258:
3938:
2391:
2134:
4591:
3793:
3630:
1690:
2334:
3900:
2833:
1633:
in April 1978). Despite being domestic flights from an immigration point of view, the Antarctic flights used the TE code for logistical reasons.
1939:
1548:
1309:
304:
3822:
2736:
2635:
2478:
2452:
2423:
2183:
1724:
2545:
2539:"The Honourable Peter Thomas Mahon (Appeal No. 12 of 1983) v Air New Zealand Limited and Others (New Zealand) 1983 UKPC 29 (20 October 1983)"
1553:
646:
Collins told McMurdo Station that he would be dropping to 2,000 feet (610 m), at which point he switched control of the aircraft to the
3721:
2073:
2034:
4616:
3765:
3762:
Report of the Royal Commission to Inquire into the Crash on Mount Erebus, Antarctica of a DC10 Aircraft Operated by Air New Zealand Limited
3695:
2304:
3389:
1381:(Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit), recognising his services in assisting Justice Mahon during the Erebus inquiry. Vette's book,
457:
Captain Leslie Simpson, the pilot of a flight on 14 November and also present at the 9 November briefing, compared the coordinates of the
269:
in the morning and was supposed to spend a few hours flying over the Antarctic continent, before returning to Auckland in the evening via
1946:
728:
into the side of Mount Erebus and exploded, instantly killing everyone on board. The accident occurred at 12:50 pm at a position of
464:
navigation beacon (about 5 km or 3 mi east of McMurdo NDB), and the McMurdo waypoint that his flight crew had entered into the
79:
3772:
3572:
3235:
4216:
2613:
2361:
1630:
1105:
3213:
1344:
from mid-1981, and the last Air New Zealand DC-10 flew in December 1982. The occurrence also spelled the end of commercially operated
385:
Thomas James "Jim" Collins (45) was an experienced pilot who had accumulated 11,151 flight hours, including 2,872 hours in the DC-10.
4295:
2582:
1469:
2549:
1940:"AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT No. 79-139: Air New Zealand McDonnell-Douglas DC10-30 ZK-NZP, Ross Island, Antarctica, 28 November 1979"
1300:, which killed 256 people. At the time of the disaster, it was the fourth-deadliest air crash of all time. As of January 2020
4621:
4146:
2775:
2682:
1824:
1236:
1129:
Despite Flight 901 crashing in one of the most isolated parts of the world, evidence from the crash site was extensive. Both the
1122:
293:
3449:
3025:
4611:
4246:
1756:
3758:
Stuart Macfarlane, The Erebus papers: edited extracts from the Erebus proceedings with commentary, Auckland, Avon Press, 1991
2807:
1855:
3867:
2687:
479:
The Air New Zealand navigation section changed the McMurdo waypoint co-ordinate stored in the ground computer system around
3840:
Aircraft Accident Report No 79-139 Air New Zealand McDonnell-Douglas DC10-30 ZK-NZP Ross Island Antarctica 28 November 1979
1359:
Following the incident, all charter flights to Antarctica from New Zealand ceased, and were not resumed until 2013, when a
2218:
303:
The accident is the deadliest in the history of Air New Zealand, the deadliest aviation accident in Antarctica and one of
4036:
3761:
3551:
3366:
2828:
1502:, focusing on the investigation and the Royal Commission of Inquiry, was broadcast in New Zealand and Australia in 1988.
3755:
C.H.N. L'Estrange, The Erebus enquiry: a tragic miscarriage of justice, Auckland, Air Safety League of New Zealand, 1995
570:
displayed the word "McMurdo", rather than the coordinates of latitude and longitude, for the final waypoint. During the
3151:
1742:
336:
270:
178:
4166:
3187:
3125:
2868:
2278:
2264:
2250:
2236:
2112:
2018:
1880:
4236:
3775:, Office of Air Accidents Investigation, New Zealand Ministry of Transport, Wellington, 1980 (only some parts there)
2983:
2954:
3962:
3875:
3515:
1543:
2924:
995:, stating that the visibility was 40 miles (64 km). Also, six aircraft had been launched to find the flight.
4459:
4016:
662:
4495:
1992:
1602:
1297:
1257:
725:
611:
328:
243:
59:
2709:
4453:
4359:
4288:
1897:
1626:
1592:
1558:
2884:
454:
and flown the McMurdo Sound route, unaware that the route flown did not correspond with the approved route.
4571:
4206:
4186:
4116:
4106:
4076:
3669:
1575:
1324:
999:
flight being slightly late was not unusual, but as time went on, it became clear that something was wrong.
584:
3420:"Erebus memorial: Ministry acted unreasonably by not consulting more widely on location - Chief Ombudsman"
1642:
GPWS = ground proximity warning system; CA = captain; F/E = flight engineer; CAM = cockpit-area microphone
1423:
The memorial for the 16 passengers who were unidentifiable and the 28 whose bodies were never found is at
446:(NDB), which, coincidentally, entailed flying almost directly over the 12,448-foot (3,794 m) peak of
4566:
4471:
4323:
4086:
4006:
3889:
3826:
2142:
1336:
1253:
1051:
under tons of fuselage and wings and much physical effort was required to dig them out and extract them.
281:
3807:
3646:"...a phrase that is likely to resound as did 'an orchestrated litany of lies' in another investigation"
3603:
1680:
1450:
was planned for a second koru capsule, mirroring the first capsule, to be placed at Scott Base in 2011.
4524:
4465:
4405:
4126:
4096:
3895:
Erebus for Kids–This site is for young school children to provide information about the Erebus Tragedy.
2326:
1490:
1182:
465:
451:
368:
119:
34:
3838:
2823:
2383:
1290:
The crash of Flight 901 is one of New Zealand's three deadliest disasters – the others being the 1874
4489:
4483:
4343:
2165:
1212:
415:
407:
394:
4281:
2749:
2474:
2448:
2433:
2179:
1352:
suspended its Antarctic flights in February 1980, only returning on a limited basis again in 1994.
386:
3930:
3833:
389:
Gregory Mark "Greg" Cassin (37) had accumulated 7,934 flight hours, including 1,361 in the DC-10.
37:'s fuselage photographed in 2004: Most of the wreckage of Flight 901 remains at the accident site.
4066:
3996:
3885:
3862:
3717:
2065:
2042:
1720:
1667:
3691:
2300:
1663:
1505:
The phrase "an orchestrated litany of lies" entered New Zealand popular culture for some years.
3182:
2889:
2860:
1428:
1164:
1130:
590:
443:
315:
1970:
4056:
3576:
1563:
1498:
1345:
1262:
1032:
375:
144:
2605:
2357:
587:
did not lock onto the McMurdo Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) for any useful period.
4606:
4426:
4196:
4156:
4046:
4026:
3798:
1685:
1527:
1478:
1458:
1366:
Justice Mahon's report was finally tabled in Parliament by the then-Minister of Transport,
1134:
1042:
fragmented state of the human remains that had to be identified to the satisfaction of the
769:
575:
3773:
Air New Zealand McDonnell-Douglas DC10-30 ZK-NZP, Ross Island, Antarctica 28 November 1979
1605:, another flight which crashed into terrain due to deviation from the planned flight route
1415:
Photograph of the Erebus Memorial at Waikumete Cemetery, Glen Eden, Auckland, January 2014
8:
4176:
4136:
2574:
1581:
1509:
1363:
chartered from Qantas set off from Auckland for a sightseeing flight over the continent.
1007:
285:
4550:
4431:
4338:
2538:
1986:
1587:
1424:
1367:
1198:
the pilots been informed of the flight plan change, the crash would have been avoided.
1173:
1172:
plan took the aircraft directly over the mountain, rather than along its flank. Due to
1117:
1028:
966:
651:
638:
356:
2767:
1820:
1396:
On 28 November 2019, the 40th anniversary of the disaster, New Zealand Prime Minister
1188:
In his report, Mahon found that airline executives and senior pilots had engaged in a
3853:
3543:
3095:
2894:
2864:
2744:
2643:
2428:
2014:
1902:
1876:
1851:
1473:
1385:, provides a commentary of the flight, its crash, and the subsequent investigations.
1317:
1291:
1087:
982:
3326:"Strong opposition from residents near site of proposed Mt Erebus national memorial"
1435:, planted as a memorial to the 24 Japanese passengers who died on board Flight 901.
650:. Outside, a layer of clouds blended with the white snow-covered volcano, forming a
4421:
4395:
3986:
1514:
1439:
1328:
1194:
1121:
The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder of Air New Zealand Flight 901,
1070:
992:
382:
266:
157:
2673:
973:
Air New Zealand Flight 901 has failed to acknowledge radio transmissions. ... One
4538:
4380:
4304:
3923:
3879:
3480:"White Silence: The 'gloomy' golf tournament overshadowed by the Erebus disaster"
3450:"Closure of Ombudsman investigation gives confidence in National Erebus Memorial"
3011:
1935:
1931:
1220:
1216:
1178:
1147:
978:
974:
567:
458:
390:
297:
258:
129:
3917:
3816:
The Erebus Story – Loss of TE901 (includes Newspaper Articles and Video footage)
1146:
The accident report compiled by New Zealand's chief inspector of air accidents,
1090:, MOT, and U.S. Navy personnel were first to leave and then the Police and
4390:
4385:
3911:
3616:"To quote a well-known phrase, there has been 'An orchestrated litany of lies'"
3057:"Families of Erebus victims receive an apology from the Government 40 years on"
1731:
1578:, a flight which crashed into terrain after the pilots altered the coordinates.
1397:
1360:
1035:
852:
606:
The crew put the coordinates into the plane's computer before they departed at
594:
3907:
3764:(66 Mb file), Wellington, Government Printer, 1981 (Alternate located at
3358:
3005:
Address from Rob Fyfe, Air New Zealand CEO, at Unveiling of Momentum Sculpture
1518:. The episode is titled "Sudden Impact", and was first aired in January 2015.
1094:
followed. I am proud of my service and those of my colleagues on Mount Erebus.
4560:
4328:
3547:
3099:
3088:"'The time has come': Ardern apologises for New Zealand's worst air disaster"
2898:
2647:
836:
747:
733:
542:
528:
502:
488:
361:
289:
94:
81:
28:
2502:"White Silence: Film captures last images of passengers before Erebus crash"
1625:, TE for international flights (a relic from Air New Zealand's predecessor,
1411:
1348:– Air New Zealand cancelled all its Antarctic flights after Flight 901, and
4509:
4400:
4333:
3914:
YouTube site with programme on the Royal Commission enquiry into the crash.
1374:
447:
439:
246:
69:
3537:
3236:"Book Review: "Erebus" – A Brilliant Hybrid That Bears Witness to Tragedy"
2104:
4577:
Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
3920:– official New Zealand Ministry for Culture & Heritage memorial site.
2979:
1457:
In 2019, it was announced that a national memorial is to be installed in
1432:
1403:
The registration of the crashed aircraft, ZK-NZP, has not been reissued.
1335:
Flight 901 was the third-deadliest accident involving a DC-10, following
1151:
916:
804:
471:
432:
277:
276:
The initial investigation concluded the accident was caused primarily by
250:
3872:
3859:
3668:(Sudden Impact ed.). The Weather Channel: NBC Peacock Productions.
3509:
1230:
367:
The aircraft used on the Antarctic flights were Air New Zealand's eight
4375:
4318:
3834:
The original brochure advertising Air New Zealand flights to Antarctica
1629:(TEAL)) and NZ for domestic flights (acquired from the merger with the
1341:
1189:
1075:
254:
168:
73:
3848:
2790:
1622:
1308:, the crash remains Air New Zealand's deadliest accident, as well as
1078:
were able to get back on the site. It was immensely exhausting work.
884:
721:
655:
647:
262:
1438:
A memorial to the crew members of Flight 901 is located adjacent to
3960:
3296:"Erebus memorial: Hundreds expected to remember the 257 lives lost"
1802:
4273:
1023:
The recovery effort of Flight 901 was called "Operation Overdue."
720:
The pilots had begun a terrain escape manoeuvre by applying full (
431:
briefing in which they were given a copy of the previous flight's
3894:
3266:"Erebus losses 'neglected' for too long – victim's family member"
3055:
Fyfe, James; Vezich, Dianna; Quinlivan, Mark (28 November 2019).
2802:
2774:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 15 August 2014.
1584:, a flight of the same number which also collided with a volcano.
1224:
1043:
419:
411:
3660:
1949:, Office of Air Accidents Investigation, Ministry of Transport.
3390:"Erebus memorial to go ahead despite Ombudsman's investigation"
1373:
In the New Zealand Queen's Birthday Honours list in June 2007,
1349:
1227:
before the inquiry to cover up the errors of the ground staff.
900:
868:
371:
1442:, on Tom Pearce Drive at the eastern end of the airport zone.
1031:
officers and a mountain-face rescue team were dispatched on a
4587:
Accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas DC-10
3599:
2603:
1973:. New Zealand History online – archived from nzhistory.net.nz
820:
461:
296:
later ruled that the finding of a conspiracy was a breach of
2728:
1508:
The disaster features in the fifth episode of season two of
630:
3815:
1446:
1378:
1059:
1011:
724:) power, but it was too late. Six seconds later, the plane
601:
3749:
NZAVA Operation Deep Freeze – The New Zealand Story, 2002.
3353:
3351:
3843:– the official accident report ("The Chippendale Report")
3823:"CVR transcript Air New Zealand Flight 901 - 28 NOV 1979"
425:
3654:
3652:
1965:
1963:
1296:
sailing ship disaster in which 470 people died, and the
3882:–includes previously unpublished images and sound files
3348:
3026:"Air New Zealand apology 30 years after Erebus tragedy"
1788:
779:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
4522:
3901:"Jim Tucker: The man who chronicled "Litany of Lies""
3649:
1960:
1445:
In January 2010, a 26-kilogram (57 lb) sculpted
1231:
Appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
3539:
Erebus: the aftermath. Part 1 (of 2). Part 1 (of 2).
3212:. Air New Zealand. 30 September 2010. Archived from
2279:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 5 of 5)"
2265:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 4 of 5)"
2251:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 3 of 5)"
2237:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 2 of 5)"
2215:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 1 of 5)"
1930:
335:
for Antarctica, and was scheduled to arrive back at
3768:; item number ABVX 7333 W4772/5025/3/79-139 part 3)
3210:"Ballot drawn for Remembrance flight to Antarctica"
3054:
2163:Robertson, David. Air NZ likely to switch to 747s.
2041:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from
1917:
1598:
New Zealand National Airways Corporation Flight 441
1316:sailing ship disaster, which happened south of the
319:
ZK-NZP, the aircraft involved, photographed in 1977
257:, killing all 237 passengers and 20 crew on board.
3924:BBC News: The plane crash that changed New Zealand
2157:
1743:"Visitors to Antarctica – There and Back in a Day"
1621:At the time of the crash, Air New Zealand had two
280:, but public outcry led to the establishment of a
3514:(Drama, History), Television New Zealand (TVNZ),
3014:, Air New Zealand press release, 23 October 2009.
2390:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
1721:"Mt Erebus Plane Crash: DC-10 ZK-NZP, Flight 901"
981:rotary-wing aircraft are preparing to launch for
284:into the crash. The commission, presided over by
265:sightseeing flights since 1977. This flight left
4558:
2885:"TE901 debris reappears on icy slopes of Erebus"
991:Data gathered at 3:43 pm were added to the
4602:Aviation accidents and incidents in New Zealand
3589:"a famous quote from NZs recent political past"
2925:"NZ to resume commercial flights to Antarctica"
1356:when snow recedes, it is visible from the air.
1211:On 20 May 1981, Air New Zealand applied to the
960:
4597:Aviation accidents and incidents in Antarctica
3602:. Citizens for Health Choices. February 2004.
1898:"Derelict plane had its time in the limelight"
1549:List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll
696:"Whoop, whoop. Pull up. Whoop whoop. Pull up."
4289:
3946:
3794:"Antarctic crash crew "misled by management""
3357:
2806:. Wellington. 24 October 2009. Archived from
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2415:
2358:"Air New Zealand DC-10 crash into Mt. Erebus"
1795:. New Zealand Institute of Economic Research.
1554:List of disasters in Antarctica by death toll
1323:Flight 901, in conjunction with the crash of
1256:of the Judicial Committee under the chair of
348:. Tickets for the November 1979 flights cost
16:November 1979 aviation accident in Antarctica
3170:
2606:"Erebus disaster Page 6 – Finding the cause"
2327:"Tail of Air New Zealand plane at Mt Erebus"
768:and an elevation of 1,467 feet (447 m)
2475:"A dark passage in NZ history – tvnz.co.nz"
1947:Transport Accident Investigation Commission
1777:
1193:typically involved in investigating simple
1141:
352:per person (equivalent to $ 2167 in 2021).
305:New Zealand's deadliest peacetime disasters
4296:
4282:
4217:Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740
3953:
3939:
3818:– New Zealand Air Line Pilots' Association
3359:"National Erebus Memorial Project Updates"
2524:
2301:"Erebus flight overdue = NZHistory.net.nz"
1310:New Zealand's deadliest peacetime disaster
1106:New Zealand Special Service Medal (Erebus)
625:
27:
3825:. Aviation Safety Network. Archived from
3627:"Background Comments on the Stent Report"
3178:"Memorial placed at Mt Erebus crash site"
2333:. NZHistory, New Zealand history online.
2205:
2203:
2201:
1285:
1150:, was released on 12 June 1980. It cited
4582:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1979
3806:(3757): 1292. 9 May 1981. Archived from
2004:
2002:
1470:2023 Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods
1410:
1116:
637:
629:
602:Changes to the coordinates and departure
470:
314:
4592:Air New Zealand accidents and incidents
3658:
3086:Roy, Eleanor Ainge (28 November 2019).
2798:"Air NZ apologises for Mt Erebus crash"
2768:"Erebus disaster Page 1 – Introduction"
2734:
2710:"Quake will rank among worst disasters"
2683:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2493:
1870:
1845:
1237:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
1123:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
294:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
4559:
3918:Erebus Memorial: Erebus Memorial Names
3868:NZ Special Service Medal (Erebus) 2006
3752:Operation Overdue–NZAVA Archives 2002.
3535:
2854:
2421:
2217:. Archives New Zealand. Archived from
2198:
1693:from the original on 5 November 2012.
955:
672:"Whoop whoop. Pull up. Whoop whoop..."
426:Circumstances surrounding the accident
414:. Mainland New Zealand was running on
310:
4277:
3934:
3606:from the original on 22 November 2007
3387:
3336:from the original on 28 November 2019
3306:from the original on 28 November 2019
3276:from the original on 28 November 2019
3246:from the original on 28 November 2019
3106:from the original on 28 November 2019
3067:from the original on 28 November 2019
2821:
2654:from the original on 10 December 2019
2636:"1981, Peter Mahon: A lesson learned"
2481:from the original on 21 November 2009
2285:from the original on 24 January 2013.
2271:from the original on 24 January 2013.
2257:from the original on 24 January 2013.
2243:from the original on 24 January 2013.
2186:from the original on 24 February 2012
2008:
1999:
1895:
1789:"Consumer Price Index, Annual Growth"
1769:from the original on 24 January 2013.
1749:from the original on 24 January 2013.
1727:from the original on 16 January 2013.
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1659:
1657:
1484:
1112:
969:released a situation report stating:
3724:from the original on 26 January 2022
3698:from the original on 25 January 2022
3659:Sommers, Caroline (5 January 2015).
3426:. Radio New Zealand. 28 March 2023.
3126:"Waikumete Cemetery Public Memorial"
3036:from the original on 25 October 2009
2986:from the original on 7 November 2012
2935:from the original on 9 December 2018
2829:Aviation Week & Space Technology
2690:from the original on 18 October 2012
2394:from the original on 17 January 2021
2355:
2337:from the original on 30 October 2020
2076:from the original on 2 November 2013
2055:Royal Commission Report, para 255(e)
1201:
1018:
780:Nationalities of passengers and crew
4617:November 1979 events in New Zealand
4303:
3460:from the original on 30 August 2023
3454:Ministry for Culture & Heritage
3430:from the original on 30 August 2023
3400:from the original on 30 August 2023
3369:from the original on 30 August 2023
3363:Ministry for Culture & Heritage
3152:"Crew Memorial at Auckland Airport"
3085:
3023:
2836:from the original on 14 August 2018
2735:Spitzer, Aaron (28 November 1999).
2604:Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
2127:
1664:Accident description for ZK-NZP
1521:
1481:, and to find a new memorial site.
300:and not supported by the evidence.
13:
4147:Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision
3903:. Stuff/Fairfax. 21 December 2017.
3873:Erebus disaster (NZHistory.net.nz)
3781:, including a section about Erebus
3742:
2905:from the original on 11 April 2018
2778:from the original on 30 April 2015
2585:from the original on 26 April 2017
2512:from the original on 24 March 2024
2499:
2115:from the original on 21 April 2019
1700:
1654:
1206:
1163:In response to public demand, the
571:
483:on the morning of the flight from
406:All times are as at McMurdo Base:
374:. The aircraft on 28 November was
337:Christchurch International Airport
238:occurred on 28 November 1979 when
179:Christchurch International Airport
14:
4633:
4167:Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 12
3786:
3672:from the original on 13 June 2020
3629:. PSA. April 1998. Archived from
3554:from the original on 27 June 2024
3490:from the original on 2 March 2023
3186:. 21 January 2010. Archived from
2094:Royal Commission Report, para 28.
1956:from the original on 26 May 2010.
4544:
4532:
3963:Aviation accidents and incidents
3518:from the original on 19 May 2022
3158:from the original on 13 May 2010
3132:from the original on 13 May 2010
3024:Fox, Michael (23 October 2009).
2982:. stuff.co.nz. 1 December 2008.
2822:North, David M. (12 June 1979).
2716:from the original on 14 May 2018
2616:from the original on 18 May 2017
2555:from the original on 14 May 2015
2455:from the original on 13 May 2010
2364:from the original on 25 May 2006
2307:from the original on 14 May 2010
1873:Emergency; Crisis in the Cockpit
1827:from the original on 26 May 2009
1544:Aviation accidents and incidents
1158:
923:
907:
891:
875:
859:
843:
827:
3710:
3684:
3619:
3600:"BREAKING NEWS – FEBRUARY 2004"
3592:
3565:
3529:
3502:
3472:
3442:
3412:
3381:
3318:
3288:
3258:
3228:
3202:
3144:
3118:
3079:
3048:
3017:
2998:
2972:
2947:
2917:
2877:
2848:
2824:"DC-10 Type Certificate Lifted"
2815:
2760:
2702:
2666:
2628:
2597:
2567:
2467:
2441:
2406:
2376:
2349:
2319:
2293:
2172:
2097:
2088:
2058:
2049:
2027:
1889:
1723:. Christchurch City Libraries.
1636:
1267:New Zealand Tragedies, Aviation
1010:section of the plane, with the
663:ground proximity warning system
4622:History of the Ross Dependency
4037:Interflug Ilyushin Il-18 crash
3388:White, Mike (5 October 2021).
1896:Price, Mark (24 August 2018).
1864:
1839:
1813:
1673:
1670:. Retrieved on 24 August 2011.
1615:
1603:Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571
612:Auckland International Airport
329:Auckland International Airport
188:Auckland International Airport
158:Auckland International Airport
60:Controlled flight into terrain
1:
4612:1979 disasters in New Zealand
4247:Turkish Airlines Ankara crash
3692:"Erebus disaster and inquiry"
2422:Rejcek, Peter (2 July 2009).
2412:NZPO1 NZAVA–see Bibliography.
1648:
1627:Tasman Empire Airways Limited
1593:Ansett New Zealand Flight 703
1559:Sensory illusions in aviation
1489:The crash coincided with the
1346:Antarctic sightseeing flights
1275:(Mahon's case for a cover-up)
261:had been operating scheduled
4207:American Airlines Flight 444
4187:Western Airlines Flight 2605
4107:American Airlines Flight 293
4077:American Airlines Flight 191
3779:Air New Zealand History Page
2980:"Mahon posthumously awarded"
2180:"Erebus Roll of Remembrance"
1875:. TAB Books. pp. 1–25.
1631:National Airways Corporation
1576:American Airlines Flight 965
1406:
1325:American Airlines Flight 191
977:fixed-wing aircraft and two
961:Initial search and discovery
585:distance measuring equipment
452:inertial navigational system
7:
4324:Ansett Transport Industries
4087:Downeast Airlines Flight 46
4007:Air New Zealand Flight 4374
3890:Christchurch City Libraries
1945:. Wellington, New Zealand:
1823:. NZ History. 9 June 2009.
1537:
1431:. Beside the memorial is a
1337:Turkish Airlines Flight 981
1298:1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake
1235:Mahon then appealed to the
422:) at the time of the crash.
401:
282:Royal Commission of Inquiry
10:
4638:
4227:Air New Zealand Flight 901
4127:Lufthansa Cargo Flight 527
4097:Air New England Flight 248
2737:"Antarctica's darkest day"
2449:"Captain Vette's Research"
2039:New Zealand History online
1991:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1689:: 1987. 15 December 1979.
1570:Similar aircraft incidents
1491:Air New Zealand Shell Open
1183:inertial navigation system
658:in front of Mount Erebus.
466:inertial navigation system
405:
369:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30
324:New Zealand the same day.
240:Air New Zealand Flight 901
120:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30
22:Air New Zealand Flight 901
4505:
4440:
4414:
4368:
4352:
4344:Virgin Australia Holdings
4311:
4256:
4237:Mosfellsheiði air crashes
3978:
2169:: 30 November 1979, p. 2.
2166:The Sydney Morning Herald
1871:Stewart, Stanley (1991).
1850:. Whitcoulls Publishers.
1681:"DC-10 playbacks awaited"
1496:A television miniseries,
1320:, en route to Auckland).
1273:They demolished his case
1213:High Court of New Zealand
702:"Go-around power please."
642:Flight path of Flight 901
475:McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
416:New Zealand Daylight Time
408:New Zealand Standard Time
395:Cessna 188 Pacific rescue
224:
216:
208:
200:
192:
184:
174:
163:
153:
143:
135:
125:
115:
110:
65:
55:
47:
42:
26:
3908:Erebus Disaster: Lookout
3886:Erebus Aircraft Accident
2281:. Archives New Zealand.
2267:. Archives New Zealand.
2253:. Archives New Zealand.
2239:. Archives New Zealand.
2035:"Erebus flight briefing"
1609:
1142:Official accident report
4441:Incidents and accidents
4117:Garuda Fokker F28 crash
3997:Air Rhodesia Flight 827
2857:McDonnell Douglas DC-10
2855:Endres, Günter (1998).
2139:Aviation Safety Network
2066:"Erebus crash site map"
1971:"Erebus crash site map"
1803:"Consumers Price Index"
1668:Aviation Safety Network
626:Crash into Mount Erebus
3878:21 August 2008 at the
3536:Finlay, Frank (1993),
3183:Television New Zealand
2890:The New Zealand Herald
2861:MBI Publishing Company
2640:The New Zealand Herald
1416:
1286:Legacy of the disaster
1280:
1250:
1165:New Zealand government
1131:cockpit voice recorder
1126:
1102:
748:77.42500°S 167.45833°E
661:At 12:49 pm, the
643:
635:
591:Cockpit voice recorder
554:McMurdo field waypoint
543:77.86667°S 167.05000°E
514:False McMurdo waypoint
476:
444:non-directional beacon
355:Dignitaries including
320:
95:77.42500°S 167.45833°E
3720:. Archives NZ. 2022.
3694:. Archives NZ. 2022.
3511:Erebus: The Aftermath
2009:Mahon, Peter (1984).
1846:Hickson, Ken (1980).
1564:Tourism in Antarctica
1499:Erebus: The Aftermath
1414:
1271:
1245:
1120:
1048:
965:At 2:00 pm, the
708:"Whoop, whoop. Pull-"
641:
633:
474:
364:, stood in as guide.
318:
236:Mount Erebus disaster
167:Non-stop flight over
4427:Christchurch Airport
4197:Manises UFO incident
4157:Aeroflot Flight 5484
4047:Quebecair Flight 255
4027:Aeroflot Flight 1691
3799:Flight International
3766:Archives New Zealand
3010:1 March 2010 at the
2955:"About Gordon Vette"
2931:. 5 September 2012.
2712:. 21 February 2011.
1848:Flight 901 to Erebus
1686:Flight International
1528:Archives New Zealand
1479:Parnell Rose Gardens
1459:Parnell Rose Gardens
1433:Japanese cherry tree
1375:Captain Gordon Vette
1135:flight data recorder
1033:No. 40 Squadron
770:above mean sea level
753:-77.42500; 167.45833
690:"Four hundred feet."
678:"Five hundred feet."
548:-77.86667; 167.05000
100:-77.42500; 167.45833
4572:1979 in New Zealand
4312:Former subsidiaries
4265:► 1980
4259:1978 ◄
4177:Swissair Flight 316
4137:Dan-Air Flight 0034
3829:on 9 December 2012.
3810:on 20 October 2012.
3486:. 1 December 2019.
2810:on 6 November 2012.
2772:New Zealand History
2642:. 18 October 1981.
2610:New Zealand History
2548:. 20 October 1983.
2477:. 23 October 2009.
2436:on 7 February 2011.
2388:New Zealand History
2384:"Operation Overdue"
2045:on 4 November 2013.
1582:Aviateca Flight 901
1512:documentary series
1510:The Weather Channel
1429:Glen Eden, Auckland
1008:vertical stabiliser
956:Rescue and recovery
743: /
538: /
498: /
311:Flight and aircraft
286:Justice Peter Mahon
91: /
23:
4567:1979 in Antarctica
4432:Wellington Airport
4339:Mount Cook Airline
4262:
3216:on 6 December 2010
3190:on 23 January 2010
2575:"The Mahon Report"
2221:on 24 January 2013
2109:planecrashinfo.com
1588:Prinair Flight 277
1485:In popular culture
1425:Waikumete Cemetery
1417:
1368:Maurice Williamson
1127:
1113:Accident inquiries
1029:New Zealand Police
967:United States Navy
644:
636:
572:subsequent inquiry
503:77.883°S 164.800°E
477:
357:Sir Edmund Hillary
321:
116:Aircraft type
21:
4520:
4519:
4271:
4270:
3854:Project Gutenberg
3636:on 7 October 2007
3456:. Manatū Taonga.
3365:. Manatū Taonga.
3242:. 10 April 2015.
2745:The Antarctic Sun
2500:Wright, Michael.
2429:The Antarctic Sun
2331:nzhistory.govt.nz
2145:on 4 January 2011
2011:Verdict on Erebus
1938:(12 June 1980) .
1903:Otago Daily Times
1857:978-0-7233-0641-2
1821:"Erebus disaster"
1474:Cyclone Gabrielle
1318:Cape of Good Hope
1202:Court proceedings
1088:McDonnell Douglas
1019:Operation Overdue
953:
952:
716:End of recording.
232:
231:
4629:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4528:
4512:
4422:Auckland Airport
4396:Boeing 777-300ER
4298:
4291:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4263:
4067:SAETA Flight 011
3987:Varig Flight 967
3973:
3972:
3970:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3904:
3856:
3830:
3811:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3667:
3666:(TV Documentary)
3662:Why Planes Crash
3656:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3635:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3575:. Archived from
3569:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3021:
3015:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2959:www.erebus.co.nz
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2929:Traveller Online
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2819:
2813:
2811:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2755:on 4 March 2016.
2754:
2748:. Archived from
2741:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2579:The Erebus Story
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2543:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2432:. Archived from
2419:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2356:Spindler, Bill.
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2273:
2272:
2259:
2258:
2245:
2244:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2207:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2176:
2170:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2141:. Archived from
2135:"CVR transcript"
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2070:NZhistory.net.nz
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1967:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1944:
1936:McLachlan, Colin
1932:Chippindale, Ron
1928:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1751:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1717:
1698:
1697:
1677:
1671:
1661:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1619:
1522:Official records
1515:Why Planes Crash
1440:Auckland Airport
1377:was awarded the
1329:type certificate
1307:
1305:
1100:
993:situation report
787:
786:
767:
766:
764:
763:
762:
760:
755:
754:
749:
744:
741:
740:
739:
736:
609:
562:
561:
559:
558:
557:
555:
550:
549:
544:
539:
536:
535:
534:
531:
522:
521:
519:
518:
517:
515:
510:
509:
508:-77.883; 164.800
504:
499:
496:
495:
494:
491:
482:
351:
347:
342:
334:
327:Flight 901 left
267:Auckland Airport
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
51:28 November 1979
33:Debris from the
31:
24:
20:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4545:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4523:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4501:
4436:
4410:
4406:Bombardier Q300
4381:Airbus A320-200
4364:
4348:
4307:
4305:Air New Zealand
4302:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:Alia Flight 600
4014:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3961:
3959:
3899:
3880:Wayback Machine
3846:
3821:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3771:R Chippendale,
3745:
3743:Further reading
3739:
3737:
3727:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3701:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3650:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3609:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3557:
3555:
3542:, London: BBC,
3534:
3530:
3521:
3519:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3356:
3349:
3339:
3337:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3022:
3018:
3012:Wayback Machine
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2893:. 2 June 2005.
2883:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2820:
2816:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2482:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2424:"Erebus Medals"
2420:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2249:
2248:
2235:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2007:
2000:
1984:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1953:
1942:
1929:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1894:
1890:
1883:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1801:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1701:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1662:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1540:
1524:
1487:
1409:
1312:(excluding the
1303:
1301:
1288:
1233:
1221:Court of Appeal
1217:judicial review
1209:
1207:Judicial review
1204:
1179:sector whiteout
1161:
1148:Ron Chippindale
1144:
1115:
1101:
1098:
1021:
963:
958:
782:
758:
756:
752:
750:
746:
745:
742:
737:
734:
732:
730:
729:
652:sector whiteout
628:
607:
604:
568:McMurdo Station
553:
551:
547:
545:
541:
540:
537:
532:
529:
527:
525:
524:
513:
511:
507:
505:
501:
500:
497:
492:
489:
487:
485:
484:
480:
442:to the McMurdo
428:
423:
404:
391:Flight Engineer
349:
345:
340:
332:
313:
298:natural justice
259:Air New Zealand
139:NEW ZEALAND 901
130:Air New Zealand
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
76:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4635:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4554:
4553:
4541:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4391:Airbus A321neo
4388:
4386:Airbus A320neo
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4301:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4278:
4269:
4268:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4057:TWA Flight 841
4055:
4052:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3958:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3912:TV New Zealand
3905:
3897:
3892:
3883:
3870:
3865:
3857:
3844:
3836:
3831:
3819:
3813:
3788:
3787:External links
3785:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3769:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3709:
3683:
3648:
3618:
3591:
3579:on 30 May 2001
3573:"Banshee Reel"
3564:
3528:
3501:
3471:
3441:
3411:
3380:
3347:
3317:
3287:
3257:
3227:
3201:
3169:
3143:
3117:
3078:
3047:
3016:
2997:
2971:
2946:
2916:
2876:
2869:
2859:. Saint Paul:
2847:
2814:
2789:
2759:
2727:
2701:
2665:
2627:
2596:
2566:
2523:
2492:
2466:
2440:
2414:
2405:
2375:
2348:
2318:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2274:
2260:
2246:
2232:
2209:
2197:
2171:
2156:
2126:
2096:
2087:
2057:
2048:
2026:
2019:
1998:
1959:
1916:
1888:
1881:
1863:
1856:
1838:
1812:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1752:
1737:
1730:
1699:
1672:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1523:
1520:
1486:
1483:
1408:
1405:
1398:Jacinda Ardern
1361:Boeing 747-400
1287:
1284:
1232:
1229:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1195:light aircraft
1160:
1157:
1143:
1140:
1114:
1111:
1096:
1036:C-130 Hercules
1020:
1017:
989:
988:
962:
959:
957:
954:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
929:
928:
925:
922:
919:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
890:
887:
881:
880:
877:
874:
871:
865:
864:
861:
858:
855:
853:United Kingdom
849:
848:
845:
842:
839:
833:
832:
829:
826:
823:
817:
816:
813:
810:
807:
801:
800:
797:
794:
791:
781:
778:
718:
717:
714:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
627:
624:
603:
600:
595:Ross Ice Shelf
427:
424:
403:
400:
312:
309:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
147:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
108:
107:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
40:
39:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4634:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4552:
4542:
4540:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:Eagle Airways
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4299:
4294:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4266:
4260:
4255:
4248:
4238:
4228:
4218:
4208:
4198:
4188:
4178:
4168:
4158:
4148:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4108:
4098:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4058:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4018:
4008:
3998:
3988:
3977:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3949:
3944:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3671:
3664:
3663:
3655:
3653:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3245:
3241:
3240:The Arts Fuse
3237:
3231:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2872:
2870:0-7603-0617-6
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2738:
2731:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2677:
2674:"Fire on the
2669:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2409:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2022:
2020:0-00-636976-6
2016:
2012:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1988:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1882:9780830634996
1878:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1468:However, the
1466:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:Impact Erebus
1380:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1283:
1279:
1278:ever existed.
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1252:However, the
1249:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1159:Mahon inquiry
1156:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1110:
1107:
1104:In 2006, the
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
994:
987:
984:
980:
976:
972:
971:
970:
968:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
926:
920:
918:
915:
914:
910:
904:
902:
899:
898:
894:
888:
886:
883:
882:
878:
872:
870:
867:
866:
862:
856:
854:
851:
850:
846:
840:
838:
837:United States
835:
834:
830:
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
792:
789:
788:
785:
777:
773:
771:
765:
759:accident site
727:
723:
715:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
684:"...Pull up."
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
666:
664:
659:
657:
653:
649:
640:
632:
623:
619:
615:
613:
599:
596:
592:
588:
586:
580:
577:
576:Justice Mahon
573:
569:
564:
560:
520:
473:
469:
467:
463:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
421:
417:
413:
409:
399:
396:
392:
388:
387:First Officer
384:
380:
377:
373:
370:
365:
363:
362:Peter Mulgrew
358:
353:
338:
330:
325:
317:
308:
306:
301:
299:
295:
291:
290:McMurdo Sound
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:
177:
175:Last stopover
173:
170:
166:
162:
159:
156:
154:Flight origin
152:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
109:
104:
75:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
25:
19:
4511:Destinations
4477:
4401:Boeing 787-9
4334:Fiji Airways
4226:
3928:
3847:
3839:
3827:the original
3808:the original
3803:
3797:
3738:
3726:. Retrieved
3712:
3700:. Retrieved
3686:
3674:. Retrieved
3661:
3638:. Retrieved
3631:the original
3621:
3608:. Retrieved
3594:
3581:. Retrieved
3577:the original
3567:
3556:, retrieved
3538:
3531:
3520:, retrieved
3510:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3483:
3474:
3462:. Retrieved
3453:
3444:
3432:. Retrieved
3423:
3414:
3402:. Retrieved
3393:
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3362:
3338:. Retrieved
3329:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3299:
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3269:
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3239:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3214:the original
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3188:the original
3181:
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3120:
3108:. Retrieved
3092:The Guardian
3091:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3060:
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3029:
3019:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2958:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2928:
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2888:
2879:
2856:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2827:
2817:
2808:the original
2801:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2771:
2762:
2750:the original
2743:
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2681:
2675:
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2639:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2609:
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2578:
2569:
2557:. Retrieved
2514:. Retrieved
2505:
2495:
2483:. Retrieved
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2443:
2434:the original
2427:
2417:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2387:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2330:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2295:
2223:. Retrieved
2219:the original
2188:. Retrieved
2174:
2164:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2143:the original
2138:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2108:
2105:"cvr 791128"
2099:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2069:
2060:
2051:
2043:the original
2038:
2029:
2010:
1975:. Retrieved
1907:. Retrieved
1901:
1891:
1872:
1866:
1847:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
1797:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1733:
1694:
1684:
1675:
1638:
1617:
1532:
1525:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1488:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1422:
1418:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1334:
1322:
1313:
1292:
1289:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1258:Lord Diplock
1251:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1210:
1187:
1170:
1162:
1145:
1128:
1103:
1084:
1080:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1025:
1022:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
986:
964:
947:
942:
937:
932:
783:
774:
719:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
675:
669:
660:
645:
634:Mount Erebus
620:
616:
605:
589:
581:
565:
478:
456:
448:Mount Erebus
440:Cape Hallett
437:
429:
381:
366:
354:
326:
322:
302:
275:
271:Christchurch
247:Mount Erebus
239:
235:
233:
164:1st stopover
145:Registration
70:Mount Erebus
18:
4607:Ross Island
4551:New Zealand
4496:Flight 888T
4490:Flight 2279
4472:Flight 4374
4454:L-188 crash
4353:Predecessor
3910:– official
3640:19 November
3610:19 November
3583:19 November
3340:28 November
3310:28 November
3280:28 November
3250:28 November
3220:21 November
3110:28 November
3071:28 November
3040:15 November
3030:Stuff.co.nz
2658:18 November
2013:. Collins.
1977:14 November
1757:"Footnotes"
1370:, in 1999.
1342:Boeing 747s
1152:pilot error
1069:Later, the
917:Switzerland
805:New Zealand
793:Passengers
751: /
738:167°27′30″E
546: /
506: /
433:flight plan
278:pilot error
251:Ross Island
185:Destination
98: /
86:167°27′30″E
4561:Categories
4478:Flight 901
4466:Flight 103
4460:DC-8 crash
4448:Flight 441
4376:ATR 72-600
4319:Air Nelson
3863:transcript
3728:26 January
3702:25 January
3162:1 December
3136:1 December
2939:7 December
2676:Cospatrick
2485:2 December
2459:1 December
2398:25 January
2341:26 October
2311:1 December
2225:3 December
2190:5 November
2149:6 February
2080:2 December
1831:23 October
1809:. StatsNZ.
1649:References
1623:IATA codes
1314:Cospatrick
1293:Cospatrick
1263:conspiracy
1190:conspiracy
1099:Jim Morgan
1071:skua gulls
1038:aircraft.
757: (
735:77°25′30″S
552: (
533:167°03′0″E
512: (
376:registered
255:Antarctica
217:Fatalities
201:Passengers
169:Antarctica
83:77°25′30″S
74:Antarctica
4484:Flight 24
3548:779036953
3464:30 August
3434:30 August
3404:30 August
3373:30 August
3100:0261-3077
2899:1170-0777
2648:1170-0777
1987:cite news
1909:18 August
1807:Infoshare
1798:2018-2021
1784:1850-2017
1407:Memorials
1254:Law Lords
885:Australia
722:go-around
656:Lewis Bay
648:autopilot
530:77°52′0″S
263:Antarctic
244:flew into
225:Survivors
193:Occupants
136:Call sign
4539:Aviation
3876:Archived
3722:Archived
3718:"Erebus"
3696:Archived
3670:Archived
3604:Archived
3552:archived
3516:archived
3488:Archived
3458:Archived
3428:Archived
3398:Archived
3367:Archived
3334:Archived
3304:Archived
3274:Archived
3244:Archived
3156:Archived
3130:Archived
3104:Archived
3065:Archived
3034:Archived
3008:Archived
2984:Archived
2933:Archived
2909:10 April
2903:Archived
2840:9 August
2834:Archived
2776:Archived
2714:Archived
2688:Archived
2652:Archived
2614:Archived
2589:23 April
2583:Archived
2550:Archived
2516:24 March
2510:Archived
2479:Archived
2453:Archived
2392:Archived
2362:Archived
2335:Archived
2305:Archived
2283:Archived
2269:Archived
2255:Archived
2241:Archived
2184:Archived
2119:13 April
2113:Archived
2074:Archived
1951:Archived
1825:Archived
1793:Data1850
1764:Archived
1747:Archived
1725:Archived
1691:Archived
1538:See also
1174:whiteout
1133:and the
1097:—
790:Country
493:164°48′E
402:Accident
242:(TE901)
126:Operator
111:Aircraft
43:Accident
4525:Portals
3967: (
3965:in 1979
3676:13 June
3494:2 March
3330:Newshub
3300:Newshub
3270:Newshub
3061:Newshub
2803:The Age
2559:29 July
2368:11 July
1666:at the
1304:2020-01
1302: (
1225:perjury
1064:in situ
1044:coroner
985:effort.
726:crashed
608:7:21 am
490:77°53′S
481:1:40 am
459:McMurdo
383:Captain
372:trijets
350:NZ$ 359
346:9:00 pm
341:7:00 pm
333:8:00 am
56:Summary
4498:(2008)
4492:(2008)
4486:(1987)
4480:(1979)
4474:(1979)
4468:(1978)
4462:(1966)
4456:(1965)
4450:(1963)
4243:Dec 23
4233:Dec 18
4223:Nov 28
4213:Nov 26
4203:Nov 15
4193:Nov 11
4183:Oct 31
4163:Sep 14
4153:Aug 29
4143:Aug 11
4133:Jul 31
4123:Jul 26
4113:Jul 11
4103:Jun 20
4093:Jun 17
4083:May 30
4073:May 25
4063:Apr 23
4043:Mar 29
4033:Mar 26
4023:Mar 17
4013:Mar 14
4003:Feb 17
3993:Feb 12
3983:Jan 30
3812:
3558:19 May
3546:
3522:19 May
3194:16 May
3098:
2990:12 May
2964:19 May
2897:
2867:
2812:
2782:11 May
2757:
2720:14 May
2694:12 May
2646:
2620:5 July
2546:BAILII
2438:
2017:
1879:
1854:
1350:Qantas
1125:(2015)
975:LC-130
901:France
869:Canada
799:Total
420:UTC+13
412:UTC+12
149:ZK-NZP
4369:Fleet
4173:Oct 7
4053:Apr 4
3634:(DOC)
3394:Stuff
2753:(PDF)
2740:(PDF)
2553:(PDF)
2542:(PDF)
2506:Stuff
1954:(PDF)
1943:(PDF)
1767:(PDF)
1760:(PDF)
1610:Notes
1076:helos
979:UH-1N
933:Total
821:Japan
796:Crew
706:GPWS:
694:GPWS:
682:GPWS:
670:GPWS:
610:from
462:TACAN
35:DC-10
4415:Hubs
4360:TEAL
3969:1979
3730:2022
3704:2022
3678:2020
3642:2007
3612:2007
3585:2007
3560:2022
3544:OCLC
3524:2022
3496:2023
3466:2023
3436:2023
3406:2023
3375:2023
3342:2019
3312:2019
3282:2019
3252:2019
3222:2010
3196:2019
3164:2009
3138:2009
3112:2019
3096:ISSN
3073:2019
3042:2009
2992:2009
2966:2022
2941:2018
2911:2018
2895:ISSN
2865:ISBN
2842:2018
2784:2015
2722:2018
2696:2013
2660:2019
2644:ISSN
2622:2017
2591:2017
2561:2016
2518:2024
2487:2009
2461:2009
2400:2021
2370:2006
2343:2020
2313:2009
2227:2017
2192:2009
2151:2008
2121:2019
2082:2009
2015:ISBN
1993:link
1979:2017
1911:2024
1877:ISBN
1852:ISBN
1833:2009
1472:and
1447:koru
1379:ONZM
1215:for
1092:DSIR
1060:wool
1012:koru
1006:The
815:200
809:180
712:CAM:
688:F/E:
676:F/E:
234:The
209:Crew
66:Site
48:Date
3852:at
3804:119
3484:RNZ
3424:RNZ
1427:in
983:SAR
948:257
938:237
847:22
841:22
831:24
825:24
812:20
700:CA:
523:to
339:at
331:at
249:on
220:257
204:237
196:257
4563::
3802:.
3796:.
3651:^
3550:,
3482:.
3452:.
3422:.
3396:.
3392:.
3361:.
3350:^
3332:.
3328:.
3302:.
3298:.
3272:.
3268:.
3238:.
3180:.
3154:.
3128:.
3102:.
3094:.
3090:.
3063:.
3059:.
3032:.
3028:.
2957:.
2927:.
2901:.
2887:.
2863:.
2832:.
2826:.
2800:.
2770:.
2742:.
2686:.
2680:.
2650:.
2638:.
2612:.
2608:.
2581:.
2577:.
2544:.
2526:^
2508:.
2504:.
2451:.
2426:.
2386:.
2360:.
2329:.
2303:.
2200:^
2182:.
2137:.
2111:.
2107:.
2072:.
2068:.
2037:.
2001:^
1989:}}
1985:{{
1962:^
1934:;
1919:^
1900:.
1805:.
1800::
1791:.
1786::
1762:.
1745:.
1702:^
1683:.
1656:^
1269::
943:20
927:1
924:-
921:1
911:1
908:-
905:1
895:1
892:-
889:1
879:2
876:-
873:2
863:6
860:-
857:6
844:-
828:-
772:.
574:,
435:.
410:;
307:.
273:.
253:,
212:20
72:,
4527::
4297:e
4290:t
4283:v
3971:)
3954:e
3947:t
3940:v
3888:–
3732:.
3706:.
3680:.
3644:.
3614:.
3587:.
3498:.
3468:.
3438:.
3408:.
3377:.
3344:.
3314:.
3284:.
3254:.
3224:.
3198:.
3166:.
3140:.
3114:.
3075:.
3044:.
2994:.
2968:.
2943:.
2913:.
2873:.
2844:.
2786:.
2724:.
2698:.
2678:"
2662:.
2624:.
2593:.
2563:.
2520:.
2489:.
2463:.
2402:.
2372:.
2345:.
2315:.
2229:.
2194:.
2153:.
2123:.
2084:.
2023:.
1995:)
1981:.
1913:.
1885:.
1860:.
1835:.
1306:)
761:)
556:)
516:)
418:(
228:0
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.