Knowledge

Mount Hutt

Source 📝

380: 356: 392: 344: 38: 332: 368: 320: 1021: 135: 202:
The snow season is from June to October. Mount Hutt prides itself on being the first ski field in the Southern Hemisphere to open at the beginning of each season. On 12 August 2010, winds of up to 200 km/h struck the ski area, resulting in its closure along with the access road, and stranding
198:
It caters for a wide range of skier and snowboarder abilities, with two surface/conveyor lifts, a high-speed six seater chairlift, a high-speed eight seater chairlift and a fixed-grip three seater chairlift. The lift infrastructure provides access to a wide range of beginner, intermediate and
199:
advanced runs, access to large off-piste areas and several terrain parks. The most advanced runs on the mountain are through the rock formations at the top of the field known as "The Towers", and the South Face.
1110: 957: 252:
In 2020, the Zionist Federation of New Zealand lobbied the ski-field to remove a commemorative plaque to one of its founders, Willi Huber, a former member of the
1914: 1103: 1801: 203:
1200 people on the mountain overnight, where they were accommodated in the ski-field's base buildings. The road was reopened the following day.
1042: 1096: 1492: 1119: 1909: 1059: 411:, is a Tundra Climate (ET). Mount Hutt features a cold enough temperature for skifields. Below is a climate of Mount Hutt Skifield: 17: 102: 192:
offering 3.65 square kilometres of skiable terrain and a vertical of 683 metres. The ski field is owned and operated by
1878: 900: 74: 268:
During the summer months four species of Alpine grasshoppers can be found within the ski field boundary. They include
173: 121: 379: 1485: 761: 734: 408: 81: 256:. The Federation also lobbied for the renaming of a ski trail and alpine restaurant that were named after Huber. 719: 59: 867: 88: 1858: 1705: 1052: 355: 1837: 1478: 1401: 1025: 701: 55: 842: 1827: 1765: 1362: 70: 1710: 788: 1806: 1770: 242: 391: 1888: 1629: 1599: 1411: 1197: 234: 48: 1715: 1609: 1589: 1533: 1518: 1421: 1278: 1248: 766: 331: 301: 238: 211: 1791: 1740: 1660: 1655: 1634: 1624: 1546: 1514: 1396: 1258: 367: 1745: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1665: 1551: 1455: 843:"New Zealanders demand removal of German Nazi's name from ski run | DW | 11 September 2020" 207: 8: 1786: 1579: 1574: 814: 343: 95: 1863: 1832: 1700: 1650: 1594: 1501: 1230: 1174: 1088: 206:
There is no accommodation on the mountain, but visitors can stay in the nearby town of
1263: 418:
Climate data for Mt Hutt Skifield, elevation 1,600 m (5,200 ft) (1980–1990)
319: 1853: 1541: 969: 875: 759: 154: 146: 1796: 1447: 1391: 1370: 1225: 977: 961: 284: 1470: 945: 1416: 1268: 941: 270: 230: 1883: 1333: 868:"Mt Hutt ski field petitioned to remove former Nazi soldier Willi Huber's name" 296: 760:
Elizabeth Binning; Edward Gay; Jarrod Booker; Edward Rooney (13 August 2010).
1903: 1695: 1301: 1161: 1074: 1061: 973: 879: 1735: 1459: 1426: 1375: 1253: 1220: 1205: 1188: 1134: 1047: 816:
The Canterbury Association (1848–1852): A Study of Its Members’ Connections
226: 215: 166: 162: 158: 981: 1873: 1505: 1283: 1210: 965: 738: 1451: 1151: 1810: 1614: 1604: 1584: 1273: 253: 246: 37: 1619: 1406: 1341: 1143: 189: 946:"Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa" 1675: 928:
The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, their Taxonomy and Distribution
1670: 1323: 1020: 722:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 6 August 2019. 1240: 1169: 995: 279: 257: 222: 193: 1032: 996:"CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent number: 4677)" 134: 1868: 27:
Mountain and ski field in the South Island of New Zealand
1118: 210:, a 35-minute drive to the mountain. The larger town of 840: 161:
of New Zealand, above the braided upper reaches of the
940: 1500: 1037: 789:"Mt Hutt Accommodation - Hotel, Apartments, Lodges" 62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 822:. Christchurch: Project Canterbury. pp. 47–48 1901: 958:Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 176:gives a translation of "place of the hill" for 1915:Ski areas and resorts in the Canterbury Region 1802:Plains Vintage Railway & Historical Museum 1486: 1104: 925: 694: 169:. Its summit is 2190 metres above sea level. 901:"Mt Hutt steps out from Nazi shadow, mostly" 726: 292:which both live in the alpine tussocklands. 188:The mountain is home to a commercial alpine 934: 260:have renamed the ski trail and restaurant. 1493: 1479: 1111: 1097: 930:. Christchurch: University of Canterbury. 274:which can be found along the ridgelines, 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 133: 919: 14: 1902: 762:"Skiers freed as Mt Hutt road reopens" 249:, an early member of the Association. 1474: 1092: 812: 1120:Ski areas and resorts in New Zealand 806: 60:adding citations to reliable sources 31: 409:Koppen-Geiger Classification System 218:is one hour 45 minutes drive away. 24: 1910:Mountains of the Canterbury Region 1879:Environmental Performance Vehicles 1048:Mt Hutt Webcams and Weather Report 25: 1926: 1014: 988: 860: 732: 174:Ministry for Culture and Heritage 1019: 390: 378: 366: 354: 342: 330: 318: 214:is 55 minutes away. The city of 36: 47:needs additional citations for 893: 834: 781: 753: 712: 237:. Mount Hutt was named by the 13: 1: 841:Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). 687: 1859:Ashburton County Rugby Union 1033:The Mt Hutt ski area website 813:Blain, Rev. Michael (2007). 183: 165:, and 80 kilometres west of 7: 1450:2: Former club skifield 3: 706:Christchurch City Libraries 607:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 467:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 337:Top of Summit Six chairlift 153:) rises to the west of the 10: 1931: 1780:Facilities and attractions 1766:Hakatere Conservation Park 1043:0800Snow Review on Mt Hutt 676: 417: 402: 308: 1846: 1820: 1779: 1758: 1688: 1643: 1567: 1560: 1532: 1525: 1512: 1443: 1384: 1361: 1354: 1332: 1316: 1309: 1300: 1239: 1196: 1187: 1160: 1142: 1133: 1126: 606: 536: 466: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 422: 385:Southern Alps from summit 373:Access road to Mount Hutt 361:Chairlift over Mount Hutt 278:which lives on the rocky 1807:Rangitata Diversion Race 1771:Mount Somers / Te Kiekie 720:"1000 Māori place names" 263: 18:Mount Hutt, New Zealand 926:R. S. Bigelow (1967). 767:The New Zealand Herald 302:Orocrambus aethonellus 239:Canterbury Association 221:Mt Hutt is managed by 150: 139: 1792:Ashburton Art Gallery 1038:The nzski.com website 1028:at Wikimedia Commons 944:(23 September 1988). 299:for the endemic moth 137: 1456:Cross-country skiing 1127:Commercial skifields 950:Fauna of New Zealand 942:John Stewart Dugdale 793:www.powderhounds.com 56:improve this article 1787:Ashburton Aerodrome 1759:Geographic features 1644:Rakaia Sub-Division 1071: /  537:Daily mean °C (°F) 1864:Ashburton Guardian 1568:Hinds Sub-Division 1502:Ashburton District 1402:Craigieburn Valley 1075:43.467°S 171.533°E 874:. 24 August 2020. 407:Mount Hutt in the 397:Ski area from base 325:Mt Hutt ski centre 295:Mount Hutt is the 276:Brachaspis nivalis 140: 1897: 1896: 1854:Ashburton College 1754: 1753: 1684: 1683: 1542:Ashburton Central 1468: 1467: 1463: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1350: 1349: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1183: 1182: 1024:Media related to 966:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14 741:on 5 October 2013 681: 680: 155:Canterbury Plains 132: 131: 124: 106: 16:(Redirected from 1922: 1838:Regional Council 1828:District Council 1797:Ashburton Domain 1565: 1564: 1530: 1529: 1526:Populated places 1495: 1488: 1481: 1472: 1471: 1448:Indoor ski slope 1445: 1359: 1358: 1314: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1194: 1193: 1140: 1139: 1131: 1130: 1113: 1106: 1099: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1080:-43.467; 171.533 1076: 1072: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1023: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1003: 992: 986: 985: 938: 932: 931: 923: 917: 916: 914: 912: 897: 891: 890: 888: 886: 864: 858: 857: 855: 853: 838: 832: 831: 829: 827: 821: 810: 804: 803: 801: 799: 785: 779: 778: 776: 774: 757: 751: 750: 748: 746: 737:. Archived from 730: 724: 723: 716: 710: 709: 698: 415: 414: 394: 382: 370: 358: 349:Base of ski area 346: 334: 322: 290:Paprides nitidus 285:Sigaus australis 172:The New Zealand 127: 120: 116: 113: 107: 105: 64: 40: 32: 21: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1842: 1816: 1775: 1750: 1711:Lake Clearwater 1706:Ashburton Forks 1680: 1639: 1556: 1521: 1508: 1499: 1469: 1464: 1431: 1417:Mount Cheeseman 1380: 1346: 1328: 1288: 1269:The Remarkables 1235: 1179: 1156: 1122: 1117: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1058: 1057: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1001: 999: 994: 993: 989: 939: 935: 924: 920: 910: 908: 907:. 24 March 2021 899: 898: 894: 884: 882: 866: 865: 861: 851: 849: 839: 835: 825: 823: 819: 811: 807: 797: 795: 787: 786: 782: 772: 770: 758: 754: 744: 742: 735:"About Mt Hutt" 731: 727: 718: 717: 713: 700: 699: 695: 690: 684: 682: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 405: 398: 395: 386: 383: 374: 371: 362: 359: 350: 347: 338: 335: 326: 323: 311: 271:Sigaus villosus 266: 231:The Remarkables 186: 128: 117: 111: 108: 65: 63: 53: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1928: 1918: 1917: 1912: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1884:Heartland Bank 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1814: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1571: 1569: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1498: 1497: 1490: 1483: 1475: 1466: 1465: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1412:Hanmer Springs 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1367: 1365: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1327: 1326: 1320: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1302:Club skifields 1298: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1245: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1202: 1200: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1146: 1137: 1128: 1124: 1123: 1116: 1115: 1108: 1101: 1093: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1016: 1015:External links 1013: 1010: 1009: 987: 933: 918: 892: 859: 833: 805: 780: 752: 725: 711: 702:"Rakaia River" 692: 691: 689: 686: 679: 678: 677:Source: NIWA 674: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 604: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 534: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 464: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 420: 419: 413: 404: 401: 400: 399: 396: 389: 387: 384: 377: 375: 372: 365: 363: 360: 353: 351: 348: 341: 339: 336: 329: 327: 324: 317: 315: 310: 307: 265: 262: 185: 182: 130: 129: 44: 42: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1927: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1905: 1890: 1889:Hokonui Radio 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1847:Organisations 1845: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1696:Alford Forest 1694: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1442: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1422:Mount Olympus 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1317:Mount Ruapehu 1315: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1163: 1162:Mount Ruapehu 1159: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1053: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1022: 997: 991: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 937: 929: 922: 906: 902: 896: 881: 877: 873: 869: 863: 848: 844: 837: 818: 817: 809: 794: 790: 784: 769: 768: 763: 756: 740: 736: 729: 721: 715: 707: 703: 697: 693: 685: 675: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 605: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 535: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 465: 421: 416: 412: 410: 393: 388: 381: 376: 369: 364: 357: 352: 345: 340: 333: 328: 321: 316: 313: 312: 306: 305: 303: 298: 297:type locality 293: 291: 287: 286: 281: 277: 273: 272: 261: 259: 255: 250: 248: 244: 243:Joseph Thomas 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 219: 217: 213: 209: 204: 200: 196: 195: 191: 181: 179: 175: 170: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 136: 126: 123: 115: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: –  72: 68: 67:Find sources: 61: 57: 51: 50: 45:This article 43: 39: 34: 33: 30: 19: 1736:Mount Somers 1689:Western Ward 1561:Eastern Ward 1460:Terrain park 1427:Temple Basin 1397:Broken River 1376:Mount Robert 1363:Nelson Lakes 1355:South Island 1310:North Island 1254:Coronet Peak 1221:Mount Dobson 1215: 1206:Mount Lyford 1189:South Island 1135:North Island 1056: 1018: 1000:. Retrieved 990: 953: 949: 936: 927: 921: 909:. Retrieved 904: 895: 885:17 September 883:. Retrieved 871: 862: 852:17 September 850:. Retrieved 846: 836: 824:. Retrieved 815: 808: 796:. Retrieved 792: 783: 771:. Retrieved 765: 755: 743:. Retrieved 739:the original 728: 714: 705: 696: 683: 406: 300: 294: 289: 283: 275: 269: 267: 251: 227:Coronet Peak 220: 216:Christchurch 205: 201: 197: 187: 177: 171: 167:Christchurch 163:Rakaia River 159:South Island 142: 141: 118: 109: 99: 92: 85: 78: 71:"Mount Hutt" 66: 54:Please help 49:verification 46: 29: 1874:EA Networks 1506:New Zealand 1284:Treble Cone 1211:Mount Potts 1078: / 798:11 November 225:along with 112:August 2010 1904:Categories 1821:Government 1731:Mount Hutt 1630:Wheatstone 1600:Huntingdon 1590:Flemington 1452:Heliskiing 1385:Canterbury 1259:Invincible 1216:Mount Hutt 1198:Canterbury 1152:Snowplanet 1026:Mount Hutt 745:26 October 688:References 314:Mount Hutt 235:Queenstown 143:Mount Hutt 138:Mount Hutt 82:newspapers 1811:Pipe Shed 1716:Lauriston 1615:Lowcliffe 1610:Longbeach 1605:Lake Hood 1585:Eiffelton 1534:Ashburton 1519:Ashburton 1462:6: Closed 1279:Snow Park 1274:Snow Farm 1231:Roundhill 1175:Whakapapa 982:Q45083134 974:0111-5383 880:1170-0777 872:NZ Herald 773:18 August 254:Waffen-SS 247:John Hutt 241:surveyor 212:Ashburton 184:Ski field 1741:Staveley 1721:Mayfield 1661:Chertsey 1635:Willowby 1625:Waterton 1620:Lynnford 1547:Allenton 1407:Fox Peak 1342:Manganui 1334:Taranaki 1249:Cardrona 1144:Auckland 1066:171°32′E 978:Wikidata 911:24 March 826:20 March 190:ski area 1746:Valetta 1726:Methven 1676:Wakanui 1666:Fairton 1656:Barhill 1552:Tinwald 1392:Awakino 1371:Rainbow 1226:Porters 1063:43°28′S 1002:29 July 960:: 146. 733:nzski. 672:(32.6) 667:(38.3) 662:(35.2) 657:(31.3) 652:(27.9) 647:(24.6) 642:(23.7) 637:(26.4) 632:(29.7) 627:(34.2) 622:(38.1) 617:(41.0) 612:(41.2) 602:(39.4) 597:(45.5) 592:(42.1) 587:(37.8) 582:(34.2) 577:(30.6) 572:(29.3) 567:(32.2) 562:(36.3) 557:(41.7) 552:(45.1) 547:(48.6) 542:(48.9) 532:(46.1) 527:(52.7) 522:(49.3) 517:(44.4) 512:(40.3) 507:(36.3) 502:(34.9) 497:(37.9) 492:(43.2) 487:(49.3) 482:(52.3) 477:(56.1) 472:(56.1) 403:Climate 309:Gallery 208:Methven 157:in the 96:scholar 1671:Rakaia 1580:Ealing 1575:Ashton 1324:Tukino 998:. NIWA 980:  972:  878:  847:DW.COM 423:Month 98:  91:  84:  77:  69:  1833:Mayor 1701:Anama 1651:Acton 1595:Hinds 1241:Otago 1170:Turoa 905:Stuff 820:(PDF) 462:Year 280:scree 264:Fauna 258:NZSki 223:NZSki 194:NZSki 178:Ōpuke 151:Ōpuke 147:Māori 103:JSTOR 89:books 1515:Seat 1264:Ōhau 1004:2024 970:ISSN 913:2021 887:2020 876:ISSN 854:2020 828:2013 800:2023 775:2010 747:2012 655:−0.4 650:−2.3 645:−4.1 640:−4.6 635:−3.1 630:−1.3 575:−0.8 570:−1.5 525:11.5 480:11.3 475:13.4 470:13.4 459:Dec 456:Nov 453:Oct 450:Sep 447:Aug 444:Jul 441:Jun 438:May 435:Apr 432:Mar 429:Feb 426:Jan 288:and 245:for 229:and 75:news 1869:3ZE 1458:5: 1454:4: 1446:1: 962:doi 670:0.4 665:3.5 660:1.8 625:1.2 620:3.4 615:5.0 610:5.1 600:4.1 595:7.5 590:5.6 585:3.2 580:1.2 565:0.1 560:2.4 555:5.4 550:7.3 545:9.2 540:9.4 530:7.8 520:9.6 515:6.9 510:4.6 505:2.4 500:1.6 495:3.3 490:6.2 485:9.6 233:in 58:by 1906:: 1517:: 1504:, 976:. 968:. 956:. 954:14 952:. 948:. 903:. 870:. 845:. 791:. 764:. 704:. 282:, 180:. 149:: 1813:) 1809:( 1494:e 1487:t 1480:v 1112:e 1105:t 1098:v 1006:. 984:. 964:: 915:. 889:. 856:. 830:. 802:. 777:. 749:. 708:. 304:. 145:( 125:) 119:( 114:) 110:( 100:· 93:· 86:· 79:· 52:. 20:)

Index

Mount Hutt, New Zealand

verification
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"Mount Hutt"
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
Learn how and when to remove this message

Māori
Canterbury Plains
South Island
Rakaia River
Christchurch
Ministry for Culture and Heritage
ski area
NZSki
Methven
Ashburton
Christchurch
NZSki
Coronet Peak
The Remarkables
Queenstown
Canterbury Association
Joseph Thomas

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.