1347:
announcing the court's decision, it was noted that Teva had also challenged the validity of the same Bayer patents at issue in the Dr. Reddy's case. Within Bayer's first-quarter 2008 stockholder's newsletter Bayer stated that they had reached an agreement with Teva
Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., the adverse party, to settle their patent litigation with regard to the two Bayer patents. Under the settlement terms agreed upon, Teva would obtain a license to sell its generic moxifloxacin tablet product in the U.S. shortly before the second of the two Bayer patents expires in March 2014. In Bangladesh, it is available with brand name of Optimox.
876:
In the
European Union, it is licensed for acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, non-severe community-acquired pneumonia, and acute bacterial sinusitis. On the basis of its investigation into reports of rare but severe cases of liver toxicity and skin reactions, the European Medicines Agency recommended in 2008 that the use of the oral (but not the intravenous) form of moxifloxacin be restricted to infections in which other antibacterial agents cannot be used or have failed. In the United States, the marketing approval does not contain these restrictions, though the label contains prominent warnings of skin reactions.
40:
606:
583:
31:
4221:
1308:
2004, and as such was not expected to expire until 2012. Moxifloxacin was subsequently (ten years later) approved by the FDA for use in the United States in 1999. At least four additional United States patents have been filed regarding moxifloxacin hydrochloride since the 1989 United States application, as well as patents outside of the US.
1237:
eliminated primarily in the feces. Approximately 14% of an oral or intravenous dose is converted to a glucuronide conjugate (M2), which is excreted exclusively in the urine. Peak plasma concentrations of M2 are about 40% those of the parent drug, while plasma concentrations of M1 are, in general, less than 10% those of moxifloxacin.
1081:
studies have found that moxifloxacin appears in significant concentration in breastmilk. Decisions as to whether to continue therapy during pregnancy or while breast feeding should take the potential risk of harm to the fetus or child into account, as well as the importance of the drug to the well-being of the mother.
875:
In the United States, moxifloxacin is licensed for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, complicated and uncomplicated infections of the skin and of the skin structure, and complicated intra-abdominal infections.
1307:
A United States patent application was made on 30 June 1989, for Avelox, Bayer A.G. being the assignee, which was subsequently approved on 5 February 1991. This patent was scheduled to expire on 30 June 2009. However, this patent was extended for an additional two and one half years on 16 September
1194:
as soon as possible after oral overdose may prevent excessive increase of systemic moxifloxacin exposure. About 3% and 9% of the dose of moxifloxacin, as well as about 2% and 4.5% of its glucuronide metabolite are removed by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, respectively."
1346:
disclosed a broad selection of compounds, any one of which could have been selected as a lead compound for further investigation, and defendant did not prove that the prior art would have led to the selection of the particular compound singled out by defendant." According to Bayer's press release
1324:
Based on its investigation into reports of rare but severe cases of liver toxicity and skin reactions, the
European Medicines Agency recommended in 2008 that the use of the oral (but not the IV) form of moxifloxacin be restricted to infections in which other antibacterial agents cannot be used or
1291:
Moxifloxacin was first patented (United States patent) in 1991 by Bayer A.G., and again in 1997. Avelox was subsequently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) for use in the United States in 1999 to treat specific bacterial infections. Ranking 140th within the top 200 prescribed
1108:
Though not stated as such within the package insert, ziprasidone is also considered to be contraindicated, as it may have the potential to prolong QT interval. Moxifloxacin should also be avoided in patients with uncorrected hypokalemia, or concurrent administration of other medications known to
1080:
Exposure of the developing fetus to quinolones, including levofloxacin, during the first-trimester is not associated with an increased risk of stillbirths, premature births, birth defects, or low birth weight. There is limited data about the appearance of moxifloxacin in human breastmilk. Animal
920:
Oral and intravenous moxifloxacin have not been approved for children. Several drugs in this class, including moxifloxacin, are not licensed by the Food and Drug
Administration for use in children, because of the risk of permanent injury to the musculoskeletal system. Moxifloxacin eye drops are
1254:
of moxifloxacin is 11.5 to 15.6 hours (single-dose, oral). About 45% of an oral or intravenous dose of moxifloxacin is excreted as unchanged drug (about 20% in urine and 25% in feces). A total of 96 ± 4% of an oral dose is excreted as either unchanged drug or known metabolites. The mean (± SD)
1144:
Moxifloxacin is not believed to be associated with clinically significant drug interactions due to inhibition or stimulation of hepatic metabolism. Thus, it should not, for the most part, require special clinical or laboratory monitoring to ensure its safety. Moxifloxacin has a potential for a
1127:
or other seizure disorders. Coadministration of moxifloxacin with other drugs that also prolong the QT interval or induce bradycardia (e.g., beta-blockers, amiodarone) should be avoided. Careful consideration should be given in the use of moxifloxacin in patients with cardiovascular disease,
1236:
About 52% of an oral or intravenous dose of moxifloxacin is metabolized via glucuronide and sulfate conjugation. The cytochrome P450 system is not involved in moxifloxacin metabolism, and is not affected by moxifloxacin. The sulfate conjugate (M1) accounts for around 38% of the dose, and is
1337:
In 2007, the U.S. District Court for the
District of Delaware held that two Bayer patents on Avelox are valid and enforceable, and infringed by Dr. Reddy's ANDA for a generic version of Avelox. The district court sided with Bayer, citing the Federal Circuit's prior decision in
1190:"In the event of acute overdose, the stomach should be emptied and adequate hydration maintained. ECG monitoring is recommended due to the possibility of QT interval prolongation. The patient should be carefully observed and given supportive treatment. The administration of
1243:
studies with cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes indicate that moxifloxacin does not inhibit 80 CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP1A2, suggesting that moxifloxacin is unlikely to alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
1328:
The U.S. label does not contain restrictions similar to the
European label, but a carries a "black box" warning of the risk of tendon damage and/or rupture and warnings regarding the risk of irreversible peripheral neuropathy.
2623:
Nightingale CH (March 2000). "Moxifloxacin, a new antibiotic designed to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections: a review of microbiologic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics".
1097:(NSAIDs): Although not observed with moxifloxacin in preclinical and clinical trials, the concomitant administration of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a fluoroquinolone may increase the risks of
1104:"Moxifloxacin is contraindicated in persons with a history of hypersensitivity to moxifloxacin, any member of the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents, or any of the product components."
121:
678:
2980:
252:
1398:
Zhanel GG, Fontaine S, Adam H, Schurek K, Mayer M, Noreddin AM, et al. (2006). "A Review of New
Fluoroquinolones : Focus on their Use in Respiratory Tract Infections".
1255:
apparent total body clearance and renal clearance are 12 ± 2 L/h and 2.6 ± 0.5 L/h, respectively. The CSF penetration of moxifloxacin is 70% to 80% in patients with
720:
InChI=1S/C21H24FN3O4/c1-29-20-17-13(19(26)14(21(27)28)9-25(17)12-4-5-12)7-15(22)18(20)24-8-11-3-2-6-23-16(11)10-24/h7,9,11-12,16,23H,2-6,8,10H2,1H3,(H,27,28)/t11-,16+/m0/s1
3637:
2419:
Ziv A, Masarwa R, Perlman A, Ziv D, Matok I (March 2018). "Pregnancy
Outcomes Following Exposure to Quinolone Antibiotics - a Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis".
3632:
1903:
1267:
Moxifloxacin monohydrochloride is a slightly yellow to yellow crystalline substance. It is synthesized in several steps, the first involving the preparation of
4286:
3433:
917:
has advised that, for pneumonia, acute bacterial sinusitis, and acute exacerbations of COPD, it should only be used when other antibiotics are inappropriate.
2462:
Balfour JA, Lamb HM (January 2000). "Moxifloxacin: a review of its clinical potential in the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections".
197:
2136:
Principe L, Sanson G, Luzzati R, Aschbacher R, Pagani E, Luzzaro F, Di Bella S (August 2022). "Time to reconsider moxifloxacin anti-anaerobic activity?".
2376:
1136:
The safety of moxifloxacin in human patients under age 18 has not been established. Animal studies suggest a risk of musculoskeletal harm in juveniles.
3144:
3279:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3235:
3582:
2897:
1615:
The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)
70:
2992:
692:
1928:
4256:
2924:
2573:
1875:
2179:
Unemo M, Jensen JS (March 2017). "Antimicrobial-resistant sexually transmitted infections: gonorrhoea and Mycoplasma genitalium".
1817:
1321:
Regulatory agencies have taken actions to address certain rare but serious adverse events associated with moxifloxacin therapy.
3199:
3108:
1742:
2674:
4175:
3272:
1646:
1457:
879:
The initial approval by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States (December 1999) encompassed these indications:
829:
2308:
1846:
832:. In 2021, it was the 286th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions.
4266:
4251:
3386:
1123:, nursing mothers, patients with a history of tendon disorder, patients with documented QT prolongation, and patients with
1094:
2862:
2274:
1032:
2539:
737:
1718:
932:
have been reported to be resistant to moxifloxacin, while in Italy resistance rates as high as 41% have been reported.
1984:
Karande SC, Kshirsagar NA (February 1992). "Adverse drug reaction monitoring of ciprofloxacin in pediatric practice".
1788:
1342:
as "affirming the district court's finding that defendant failed to prove a prima facie case of obviousness where the
4261:
3331:
2878:
2810:
Alffenaar JW, van Altena R, Bökkerink HJ, Luijckx GJ, van Soolingen D, Aarnoutse RE, van der Werf TS (October 2009).
2670:
1594:
1517:
712:
117:
4241:
4192:
3475:
3265:
2540:"AVELOX (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) Tablets AVELOX I.V. (moxifloxacin hydrochloride in sodium chloride injection)"
2052:
1061:
928:
Recently, alarming reports of moxifloxacin resistance rates among anaerobes have been published. In Austria 36% of
2707:
2342:
372:
237:
102:
173:
4064:
3881:
3767:
3622:
3086:
3833:
3710:
3396:
3148:
2812:"Pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in patients with tuberculous meningitis"
1759:
1174:) may have an additive effect on QT prolongation and lead to increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. The
4271:
4111:
3503:
2954:
2714:
2546:
2383:
2353:
2319:
2285:
2059:
1056:
841:
601:
474:
3953:
2599:
1228:, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell replication.
3239:
2901:
1365:"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)"
1037:
Rare but serious adverse effects that may occur as a result of moxifloxacin therapy include irreversible
562:
3257:
3014:
2508:
4211:
952:
318:
4281:
2222:
Pothineni VR, Wagh D, Babar MM, Inayathullah M, Solow-Cordero D, Kim KM, et al. (1 April 2016).
1610:
1364:
1209:
914:
531:
2224:"Identification of new drug candidates against Borrelia burgdorferi using high-throughput screening"
1929:"European Medicines Agency recommends restricting the use of oral moxifloxacin-containing medicines"
3627:
3087:"Updated Labelling for Antibiotic Avelox (Moxifloxacin) Regarding Rare Risk of Severe Liver Injury"
959:
578:
2083:"Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Anaerobe Clinical Isolates in Southeast Austria:
1484:
828:
Moxifloxacin was patented in 1988 and approved for use in the United States in 1999. It is on the
551:
80:
4180:
3688:
3170:
2405:
158:
52:
4276:
4246:
3536:
3381:
3292:
2932:
1935:
1098:
966:
296:
1584:
1447:
3459:
3455:
3339:
1251:
1038:
1011:
981:
945:
798:
463:
398:
3758:
3682:
2870:
1960:
1325:
have failed. Similarly, the Canadian label includes a warning of the risk of liver injury.
1017:
483:
335:
2577:
1904:"Moxifloxacin: increased risk of life-threatening liver reactions and other serious risks"
1292:
drugs in the United States for 2007, Avelox generated sales of $ 697.3 million worldwide.
8:
3808:
1279:. A suitably derivatised quinolinecarboxylic acid is then introduced, in the presence of
1051:
755:
389:
169:
165:
39:
605:
582:
4059:
3531:
2649:
2487:
2444:
2250:
2223:
2204:
2161:
2113:
2082:
1423:
1119:
Moxifloxacin is also considered to be contraindicated within the pediatric population,
1004:
132:
2762:
2737:
3315:
2874:
2843:
2767:
2641:
2491:
2479:
2475:
2436:
2255:
2208:
2196:
2165:
2153:
2118:
2034:
1993:
1590:
1513:
1453:
1415:
1411:
1272:
802:
94:
3206:
2653:
1668:
1533:
1427:
3804:
3511:
3483:
2833:
2823:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2681:
2633:
2471:
2448:
2428:
2245:
2235:
2188:
2145:
2108:
2098:
2024:
1618:
1407:
1191:
1175:
618:
423:
278:
220:
210:
2149:
1638:
1247:
The pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in pediatric subjects have not been studied.
4225:
3700:
3526:
1152:
and moxifloxacin has increased potential to result in tendonitis and disability.
1149:
814:
322:
306:
286:
189:
3300:
3296:
2637:
2103:
4186:
4073:
3943:
3743:
3738:
3728:
3592:
3587:
3551:
3409:
845:
794:
763:
380:
1-Cyclopropyl-7-nonan-8-yl]-6-fluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
2432:
1693:
1561:
4235:
4041:
3991:
3981:
3939:
3929:
3919:
3851:
3775:
3733:
3653:
3577:
3546:
3465:
3451:
3439:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3359:
2081:
König E, Ziegler HP, Tribus J, Grisold AJ, Feierl G, Leitner E (April 2021).
1276:
1225:
1217:
1213:
996:
810:
594:
265:
22:
2981:"Alcon's Newest Antibiotic, Vigamox Ophthalmic Solution, Earns FDA Approval"
2675:"RE: NDA # 21-085 Avelox (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) Tablets MACMIS # 8577"
2192:
2029:
2012:
1089:
Only two listed contraindications are found within the 2008 package insert:
3996:
3986:
3971:
3961:
3934:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3846:
3841:
3800:
3795:
3597:
3488:
3369:
2847:
2645:
2483:
2440:
2259:
2200:
2157:
2122:
2038:
1419:
988:
869:
861:
818:
771:
767:
542:
215:
205:
2771:
1997:
4157:
4149:
4129:
4082:
4016:
3976:
3924:
3813:
3663:
3602:
3556:
3516:
3493:
3364:
3344:
3288:
3287:
2374:
2240:
1449:
Guidelines for the Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis
1167:
922:
857:
779:
311:
88:
1623:
1109:
prolong the QT interval (antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants).
443:
4119:
4045:
4032:
4021:
3966:
3823:
3818:
3790:
3723:
3693:
3541:
3354:
3309:
2788:
1256:
1221:
1042:
973:
865:
849:
793:, dizziness, and headache. Severe side effects may include spontaneous
751:
654:
454:
185:
180:
2838:
940:
A broad spectrum of bacteria is susceptible, including the following:
4139:
4134:
4124:
4106:
3780:
3748:
3718:
3668:
3521:
3444:
1512:(69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 408, 757.
1343:
1160:
1156:
1120:
1046:
900:
May 2004: Community-acquired pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant
893:
Additional indications approved by the Food and Drug Administration:
806:
775:
759:
409:
348:
74:
3785:
3572:
3349:
3231:
3140:
2828:
2811:
2809:
2053:"Center for drug evaluation and research Application number 21-598"
1179:
1171:
1124:
1113:
1065:-associated disease, and photosensitivity/phototoxicity reactions.
790:
783:
511:
503:
434:
677:
3658:
2669:
1268:
1069:
853:
315:
1283:, followed by acidification to form moxifloxacin hydrochloride.
2135:
1166:
inhibit the absorption of moxifloxacin. Drugs that prolong the
522:
30:
2375:
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES (28 February 2008).
2221:
2988:
2576:. University of Maryland Medical Center. 2009. Archived from
1296:
1280:
668:
357:
353:
1068:
Several reports suggest the use of moxifloxacin may lead to
897:
April 2001: Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections
567:
494:
1195:(Quoting from 29 December 2008 package insert for Avelox)
1112:
Moxifloxacin should be used with caution in patients with
4096:
4072:
2080:
1934:. European Medicines Agency. 24 July 2008. Archived from
1609:
1445:
1397:
1372:
1163:
906:
June 2005: Complicated skin and skin-structure infections
822:
3200:"United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit"
2863:"Quinolone Antibiotics: The Development of Moxifloxacin"
1556:
1554:
2892:
2890:
1178:
may be increased or decreased in patients treated with
830:
World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines
2600:"Microsoft Word - Rote Hand Brief Avalox an BfArM.doc"
1711:
1116:, as glucose regulation may be significantly altered.
840:
Moxifloxacin treats a number of infections, including
4209:
2013:"Ofloxacin-induced reversible arthropathy in a child"
1737:
1735:
1551:
909:
November 2005: Complicated intra-abdominal infections
2887:
2738:"DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones"
2418:
2350:
Division of Special Pathogen and Transplant Products
1049:, psychiatric effects (hallucinations, depression),
2955:"EU agency recommends restricting moxifloxacin use"
1487:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
1357:
2398:
1732:
1983:
1698:The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
700:COc1c2c(cc(c1N3C4CCCN4C3)F)c(=O)c(cn2C5CC5)C(=O)O
4233:
2900:. patentlens.net. 3 October 2006. Archived from
2503:
2501:
422:
1582:
1128:including those with conduction abnormalities.
397:
2783:
2781:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1075:
116:
4287:World Health Organization essential medicines
3273:
3145:"Ruling in Bayer's favor over Avelox patents"
2498:
2010:
3205:. uscourts.gov. 28 June 2007. Archived from
2408:. JAMA Ophthalmology online. 2 October 2014.
1452:. World Health Organization. pp. 189–.
550:
2778:
2665:
2663:
2622:
2461:
2178:
1977:
1386:
1131:
925:infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
3280:
3266:
3135:
3133:
2742:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
2735:
2568:
2566:
2564:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
604:
581:
462:
38:
29:
2837:
2827:
2761:
2680:. Letter to Martina Ziska. Archived from
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2406:"Risk for Uveitis With Oral Moxifloxacin"
2249:
2239:
2112:
2102:
2087:Group Is on the Fast Track to Resistance"
2028:
1622:
1441:
1439:
1437:
883:Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
482:
3230:
3139:
3106:
2860:
2705:
2660:
2340:
2306:
2272:
1510:British national formulary : BNF 69
3130:
3116:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
2947:
2561:
2316:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
2282:Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
1504:
1502:
1466:
935:
821:by blocking their ability to duplicate
577:
442:
323:
93:
4234:
2789:"Drug card for Moxifloxacin (DB00218)"
2518:
1669:"Moxifloxacin - Drug Usage Statistics"
1603:
1589:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 501.
1576:
1434:
1332:
1311:
1203:
1145:serious drug interaction with NSAIDs.
595:
3261:
2537:
2004:
1953:
1617:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
1316:
1295:Moxifloxacin is also manufactured by
1271:2,8-diazabicyclononane which is then
1220:bacteria. It functions by inhibiting
530:
259:
111:
79:
3109:"NDA 21-085/S-040, NDA 21-277/S-034"
2925:"Top 200 Prescription Drugs of 2007"
2922:
2865:. In Fischer J, Ganellin CR (eds.).
2791:. Canada: DrugBank. 19 February 2009
2343:"NDA 21-085/S-038, NDA 21-277/S-031"
2309:"NDA 21-085/S-036, NDA 21-277/S-030"
2275:"NDA 21-085/S-024, NDA 21-277/S-019"
2228:Drug Design, Development and Therapy
1686:
1649:from the original on 15 January 2024
1499:
1095:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
1084:
219:
209:
2736:Drlica K, Zhao X (September 1997).
1534:"Moxifloxacin Use During Pregnancy"
1231:
1033:Adverse effects of fluoroquinolones
813:is unclear. Moxifloxacin is in the
510:
502:
413:
13:
4257:Drugs developed by Merck & Co.
1446:World Health Organization (2008).
1400:Treatments in Respiratory Medicine
1026:
817:family of medications. It usually
14:
4298:
3070:US 5416096 A (May 1995) Petersen
3063:US 5395944 A (Mar 1995) Petersen
3056:US 5059597 A (Oct 1991) Petersen
3042:US 4990517 A (Feb 1991) Petersen
2671:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
2011:Dolui SK, Das M, Hazra A (2007).
1041:, spontaneous tendon rupture and
1022:(found to be effective in vitro)
246:
143:
57:Avelox, Vigamox, Moxiflox, others
4219:
2476:10.2165/00003495-200059010-00010
2377:"NDA 21-085/S-014, S-015, S-017"
2017:Journal of Postgraduate Medicine
1412:10.2165/00151829-200605060-00009
638:
635:
629:
3224:
3192:
3163:
3100:
3079:
3049:US 5051509 A (Sep 1991) Nagano
3036:
3007:
2973:
2916:
2854:
2803:
2729:
2699:
2616:
2592:
2455:
2412:
2368:
2341:Albrecht R (15 February 2008).
2334:
2300:
2266:
2215:
2172:
2129:
2074:
2045:
1921:
1896:
1868:
1839:
1810:
1781:
1752:
1661:
1631:
1583:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
1198:
1139:
835:
778:. It can be given by mouth, by
725:Key:FABPRXSRWADJSP-MEDUHNTESA-N
3118:. Food and Drug Administration
2991:. 22 June 2003. Archived from
2754:10.1128/mmbr.61.3.377-392.1997
1526:
1176:international normalised ratio
644:
623:
1:
3623:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
3107:Albrecht R (3 October 2008).
2867:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
2150:10.1080/1120009X.2022.2106637
1586:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
1350:
1101:stimulation and convulsions."
2816:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2715:Food and Drug Administration
2547:Food and Drug Administration
2384:Food and Drug Administration
2354:Food and Drug Administration
2320:Food and Drug Administration
2286:Food and Drug Administration
2060:Food and Drug Administration
1485:"Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride"
1262:
1212:that is active against both
889:Community acquired pneumonia
842:respiratory-tract infections
789:Common side effects include
7:
4267:Drugs developed by Novartis
4252:Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
3628:Ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine
3095:Information Update: 2010-42
2638:10.1592/phco.20.4.245.34880
2273:Albrecht R (28 July 2004).
2104:10.3390/antibiotics10050479
1185:
1076:Pregnancy and breastfeeding
10:
4303:
2706:Albrecht R (16 May 2002).
2307:Albrecht R (31 May 2007).
1627:. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
1286:
1030:
953:Staphylococcus epidermidis
858:intra-abdominal infections
613:Chemical and physical data
65:Moxifloxacine; BAY 12-8039
4170:
4148:
4105:
4095:
4058:
4030:
4009:
3952:
3880:
3832:
3766:
3757:
3709:
3681:
3646:
3638:Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine
3615:
3565:
3502:
3474:
3395:
3380:
3330:
3308:
2433:10.1007/s11095-018-2383-8
1847:"Approval of supplements"
1789:"Approval of supplements"
1611:World Health Organization
1302:
1210:broad-spectrum antibiotic
915:European Medicines Agency
886:Acute bacterial sinusitis
733:
708:
688:
666:
653:
617:
612:
593:
561:
541:
521:
493:
473:
453:
433:
408:
388:
368:
363:
347:
334:
305:
295:
285:
277:
236:
231:
196:
179:
157:
131:
101:
87:
69:
61:
51:
46:
37:
28:
4262:Drugs developed by Bayer
1562:"Details for NDA:021085"
1132:Children and adolescents
1057:Stevens–Johnson syndrome
960:Streptococcus pneumoniae
902:Streptococcus pneumoniae
4242:Anti-tuberculosis drugs
3238:. Bayer. Archived from
3147:. Bayer. Archived from
2985:Infection Control Today
2538:Bayer (December 2008).
2421:Pharmaceutical Research
2193:10.1038/nrurol.2016.268
2181:Nature Reviews. Urology
2138:Journal of Chemotherapy
2030:10.4103/0022-3859.32220
328:Tooltip cytochrome P450
3537:Sulfamethoxypyridazine
2898:"Inventors/Applicants"
1748:. Europa (web portal).
967:Haemophilus influenzae
4010:Newer non-fluorinated
3647:Other DHPS inhibitors
3633:Pyrimethamine/dapsone
3460:Succinylsulfathiazole
3456:Phthalylsulfathiazole
3340:2,4-Diaminopyrimidine
2923:Lamb E (1 May 2008).
2871:John Wiley & Sons
1639:"The Top 300 of 2021"
1252:elimination half-life
1062:Clostridium difficile
1039:peripheral neuropathy
1012:Mycoplasma genitalium
982:Moraxella catarrhalis
946:Staphylococcus aureus
780:injection into a vein
3434:Acetyl sulfisoxazole
3293:inhibit nucleic acid
2873:. pp. 338–342.
2673:(15 December 1999).
2241:10.2147/DDDT.S101486
2085:Bacteroides fragilis
2062:(FDA). 15 April 2005
1876:"Application letter"
1818:"Application letter"
1760:"Application letter"
1340:Takeda v. Alphapharm
1155:Antacids containing
936:Susceptible bacteria
756:bacterial infections
4272:Ophthalmology drugs
3809:Alalevonadifloxacin
3476:Intermediate-acting
3151:on 11 December 2008
3143:(6 November 2007).
2904:on 21 February 2013
2861:Peterson U (2006).
1333:Generic equivalents
1312:Society and culture
1204:Mechanism of action
1148:The combination of
1052:torsades de pointes
1019:Borrelia Burgdoferi
805:. Safety of use in
801:, and worsening of
330:system not involved
255:(Prescription only)
25:
4197:Never to phase III
3698:thereby inhibiting
3686:(inhibit bacterial
3532:Sulfametoxydiazine
3320:thereby inhibiting
3313:(inhibit bacterial
3178:orangebookblog.com
2935:on 7 February 2009
2708:"NDA 21-085/S-012"
1883:accessdata.fda.gov
1854:accessdata.fda.gov
1825:accessdata.fda.gov
1796:accessdata.fda.gov
1767:accessdata.fda.gov
1726:accessdata.fda.gov
1317:Regulatory actions
1208:Moxifloxacin is a
1192:activated charcoal
1005:Bacillus anthracis
21:
4207:
4206:
4166:
4165:
4091:
4090:
4054:
4053:
4005:
4004:
3677:
3676:
3611:
3610:
3316:purine metabolism
3234:(24 April 2008).
3212:on 26 August 2009
3093:. 22 March 2010.
3024:. 1 February 1991
2995:on 16 August 2016
2549:(FDA). p. 19
1986:Indian Pediatrics
1564:. DrugPatentWatch
1459:978-92-4-154758-1
1085:Contraindications
803:myasthenia gravis
745:
744:
679:Interactive image
563:CompTox Dashboard
263:
250:
147:
114:
4294:
4282:Pyrrolopyridines
4224:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4103:
4102:
4070:
4069:
3805:Levonadifloxacin
3764:
3763:
3759:Fluoroquinolones
3707:
3706:
3512:Sulfadimethoxine
3484:Sulfamethoxazole
3405:Sulfaisodimidine
3393:
3392:
3328:
3327:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3204:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3180:. 5 October 2007
3175:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3137:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3113:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3083:
3077:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3019:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2931:. Archived from
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2831:
2822:(7): 1080–1082.
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2712:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2679:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2570:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2544:
2535:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2381:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2347:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2279:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2243:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2106:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1822:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1793:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1764:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1481:
1464:
1463:
1443:
1432:
1431:
1395:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1369:nctr-crs.fda.gov
1361:
1232:Pharmacokinetics
754:, used to treat
741:
740:
681:
661:
646:
640:
637:
631:
625:
608:
597:
586:
585:
571:
569:
554:
534:
514:
506:
486:
466:
446:
426:
416:
415:
401:
339:
329:
325:
268:
261:
258:
248:
245:
223:
213:
145:
142:
124:
113:
110:
97:
83:
42:
33:
26:
24:
20:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4220:
4218:
4210:
4208:
4203:
4202:
4187:Clinical trials
4162:
4144:
4110:
4087:
4063:
4050:
4026:
4001:
3948:
3876:
3828:
3753:
3701:DNA replication
3699:
3697:
3691:
3687:
3685:
3673:
3642:
3607:
3566:Other/ungrouped
3561:
3527:Sulfametomidine
3498:
3470:
3384:
3376:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3286:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3242:on 9 March 2009
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3138:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2938:
2936:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2859:
2855:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2787:
2786:
2779:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2710:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2687:on 9 March 2009
2684:
2677:
2668:
2661:
2626:Pharmacotherapy
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2580:on 7 March 2009
2572:
2571:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2536:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2460:
2456:
2417:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2387:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2277:
2271:
2267:
2220:
2216:
2177:
2173:
2134:
2130:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2009:
2005:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1743:"Press release"
1741:
1740:
1733:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1467:
1460:
1444:
1435:
1396:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1335:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1289:
1265:
1234:
1206:
1201:
1188:
1150:corticosteroids
1142:
1134:
1087:
1078:
1035:
1029:
1027:Adverse effects
938:
838:
815:fluoroquinolone
795:tendon ruptures
736:
734:
729:
726:
721:
716:
715:
704:
701:
696:
695:
684:
659:
649:
643:
634:
628:
589:
565:
557:
537:
517:
489:
469:
449:
429:
412:
404:
384:
381:
376:
375:
337:
327:
297:Protein binding
287:Bioavailability
279:Pharmacokinetic
273:
266:
227:
190:fluoroquinolone
160:
153:
134:
127:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4300:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4229:
4228:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4112:RNA polymerase
4100:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4074:Nitroimidazole
4067:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4042:Aminocoumarins
4038:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3944:Alatrofloxacin
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3882:4th generation
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3834:3rd generation
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3768:2nd generation
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3744:Piromidic acid
3741:
3739:Pipemidic acid
3736:
3731:
3729:Nalidixic acid
3726:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3711:1st generation
3704:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3593:Sulfaguanidine
3590:
3588:Sulfadicramide
3585:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3552:Sulfaphenazole
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3412:
3410:Sulfamethizole
3407:
3401:
3399:
3390:
3387:DHPS inhibitor
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3336:
3334:
3332:DHFR inhibitor
3325:
3306:
3305:
3289:Antibacterials
3285:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3223:
3191:
3171:"Opinion form"
3162:
3129:
3099:
3078:
3035:
3006:
2972:
2961:. 24 July 2008
2946:
2929:Pharmacy Times
2915:
2886:
2879:
2853:
2829:10.1086/605576
2802:
2777:
2748:(3): 377–392.
2728:
2698:
2659:
2632:(3): 245–256.
2615:
2591:
2574:"Moxifloxacin"
2560:
2517:
2497:
2470:(1): 115–139.
2454:
2411:
2397:
2367:
2333:
2299:
2265:
2214:
2187:(3): 139–152.
2171:
2144:(4): 367–368.
2128:
2073:
2044:
2023:(2): 144–145.
2003:
1992:(2): 181–188.
1976:
1952:
1941:on 8 July 2009
1920:
1895:
1867:
1838:
1809:
1780:
1751:
1731:
1710:
1685:
1660:
1630:
1602:
1595:
1575:
1550:
1525:
1518:
1498:
1465:
1458:
1433:
1406:(6): 437–465.
1385:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1334:
1331:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1288:
1285:
1264:
1261:
1233:
1230:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1187:
1184:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1086:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1008:
1001:
993:
985:
978:
970:
963:
956:
949:
937:
934:
911:
910:
907:
904:
898:
891:
890:
887:
884:
846:bubonic plague
837:
834:
819:kills bacteria
764:conjunctivitis
743:
742:
731:
730:
728:
727:
724:
722:
719:
711:
710:
709:
706:
705:
703:
702:
699:
691:
690:
689:
686:
685:
683:
682:
674:
672:
664:
663:
657:
651:
650:
647:
641:
632:
626:
621:
615:
614:
610:
609:
599:
591:
590:
588:
587:
574:
572:
559:
558:
556:
555:
547:
545:
539:
538:
536:
535:
527:
525:
519:
518:
516:
515:
507:
499:
497:
491:
490:
488:
487:
479:
477:
471:
470:
468:
467:
459:
457:
451:
450:
448:
447:
439:
437:
431:
430:
428:
427:
419:
417:
406:
405:
403:
402:
394:
392:
386:
385:
383:
382:
379:
371:
370:
369:
366:
365:
361:
360:
351:
345:
344:
341:
332:
331:
309:
303:
302:
299:
293:
292:
289:
283:
282:
275:
274:
272:
271:
256:
242:
240:
234:
233:
229:
228:
226:
225:
202:
200:
194:
193:
183:
177:
176:
163:
161:administration
155:
154:
152:
151:
149:
139:
137:
129:
128:
126:
125:
107:
105:
99:
98:
91:
85:
84:
77:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4299:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Phenol ethers
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:Cyclopropanes
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4227:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:Pradofloxacin
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:Marbofloxacin
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3941:
3940:Trovafloxacin
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:Prulifloxacin
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3920:Clinafloxacin
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:Grepafloxacin
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:Ciprofloxacin
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Oxolinic acid
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3695:
3690:
3689:topoisomerase
3684:
3680:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3654:Acediasulfone
3652:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3578:Sulfacetamide
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:Sulfamerazine
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3466:Sulfathiourea
3464:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3452:Sulfathiazole
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:Sulfanilamide
3438:
3435:
3431:
3430:Sulfafurazole
3428:
3425:
3424:Sulfasalazine
3421:
3420:Sulfapyridine
3418:
3416:
3415:Sulfadimidine
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Pyrimethamine
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3241:
3237:
3236:"Risk Report"
3233:
3227:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3179:
3172:
3166:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3092:
3091:Health Canada
3088:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3039:
3023:
3016:
3015:"Patent form"
3010:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2919:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2882:
2880:9783527607495
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2683:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2601:
2595:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2407:
2401:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2234:: 1307–1322.
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1962:
1956:
1937:
1930:
1924:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1884:
1877:
1871:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1826:
1819:
1813:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1598:
1596:9783527607495
1592:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1521:
1519:9780857111562
1515:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1309:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:tartaric acid
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1226:topoisomerase
1223:
1219:
1218:Gram-negative
1215:
1214:Gram-positive
1211:
1196:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1137:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1090:
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1073:
1071:
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1064:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
997:Mycobacterium
994:
991:
990:
986:
984:
983:
979:
976:
975:
971:
969:
968:
964:
962:
961:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
947:
943:
942:
941:
933:
931:
926:
924:
921:approved for
918:
916:
908:
905:
903:
899:
896:
895:
894:
888:
885:
882:
881:
880:
877:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
833:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:breastfeeding
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
739:
732:
723:
718:
717:
714:
707:
698:
697:
694:
687:
680:
676:
675:
673:
670:
665:
658:
656:
652:
622:
620:
616:
611:
607:
603:
600:
598:
596:ECHA InfoCard
592:
584:
580:
579:DTXSID3048491
576:
575:
573:
564:
560:
553:
549:
548:
546:
544:
540:
533:
529:
528:
526:
524:
520:
513:
509:as HCl:
508:
505:
501:
500:
498:
496:
492:
485:
481:
480:
478:
476:
472:
465:
461:
460:
458:
456:
452:
445:
441:
440:
438:
436:
432:
425:
421:
420:
418:
411:
407:
400:
396:
395:
393:
391:
387:
378:
377:
374:
367:
362:
359:
355:
352:
350:
346:
342:
340:
333:
326:
320:
317:
313:
310:
308:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
269:
257:
254:
244:
243:
241:
239:
235:
230:
222:
217:
212:
207:
204:
203:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
184:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
164:
162:
156:
150:
141:
140:
138:
136:
130:
123:
119:
109:
108:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
4150:Lipiarmycins
3997:Sarafloxacin
3987:Orbifloxacin
3972:Enrofloxacin
3962:Danofloxacin
3935:Sitafloxacin
3915:Moxifloxacin
3914:
3910:Gemifloxacin
3905:Finafloxacin
3900:Gatifloxacin
3895:Delafloxacin
3890:Besifloxacin
3872:Tosufloxacin
3867:Temafloxacin
3862:Sparfloxacin
3857:Pazufloxacin
3847:Balofloxacin
3842:Levofloxacin
3801:Nadifloxacin
3796:Lomefloxacin
3616:Combinations
3598:Sulfametrole
3583:Sulfaclozine
3489:Sulfadiazine
3397:Short-acting
3382:Sulfonamides
3370:Trimethoprim
3244:. Retrieved
3240:the original
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3207:the original
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3177:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3149:the original
3120:. Retrieved
3115:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3038:
3026:. Retrieved
3021:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2993:the original
2984:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2958:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2933:the original
2928:
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2902:the original
2866:
2856:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2745:
2741:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2682:the original
2629:
2625:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2578:the original
2551:. Retrieved
2467:
2463:
2457:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2400:
2388:. Retrieved
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2349:
2336:
2324:. Retrieved
2315:
2302:
2290:. Retrieved
2281:
2268:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2047:
2020:
2016:
2006:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1936:the original
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1907:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1853:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1824:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1795:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1766:
1754:
1725:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
1624:10665/371090
1614:
1605:
1585:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1509:
1489:. Retrieved
1448:
1403:
1399:
1376:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1339:
1336:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1306:
1299:as Vigamox.
1294:
1290:
1266:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1224:, a type II
1207:
1199:Pharmacology
1189:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1140:Interactions
1135:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1088:
1079:
1067:
1060:
1050:
1036:
1018:
1010:
1003:
995:
989:Enterobacter
987:
980:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
939:
929:
927:
923:conjunctival
919:
912:
901:
892:
878:
874:
870:tuberculosis
862:endocarditis
839:
836:Medical uses
827:
799:nerve damage
788:
782:, and as an
772:tuberculosis
768:endocarditis
758:, including
748:Moxifloxacin
747:
746:
735:
543:NIAID ChemDB
336:Elimination
238:Legal status
232:Legal status
122:Moxifloxacin
103:License data
23:Moxifloxacin
18:
4183:from market
4158:Fidaxomicin
4130:Rifapentine
4083:Secnidazole
4076:derivatives
4017:Nemonoxacin
3977:Ibafloxacin
3925:Garenoxacin
3814:Norfloxacin
3664:Solasulfone
3603:Sulfanitran
3557:Sulfamazone
3517:Sulfadoxine
3504:Long-acting
3494:Sulfamoxole
3365:Tetroxoprim
3345:Brodimoprim
3322:DNA and RNA
3310:Antifolates
2509:"merck.com"
2091:Antibiotics
1719:"Documents"
1543:10 December
1168:QT interval
930:Bacteroides
662: g·mol
602:100.129.459
399:151096-09-2
364:Identifiers
319:conjugation
312:Glucuronide
170:intravenous
89:MedlinePlus
62:Other names
53:Trade names
4236:Categories
4120:Rifampicin
4107:Rifamycins
4065:inhibitors
4046:Novobiocin
4022:Ozenoxacin
3967:Difloxacin
3954:Veterinary
3824:Rufloxacin
3819:Pefloxacin
3791:Fleroxacin
3724:Flumequine
3694:DNA gyrase
3683:Quinolones
3542:Sulfaperin
3355:Ormetoprim
3324:synthesis)
2839:2066/79494
2553:2 November
2427:(5): 109.
2097:(5): 479.
1969:29 January
1961:"SYNOPSIS"
1913:8 February
1678:14 January
1653:14 January
1378:22 October
1351:References
1257:meningitis
1222:DNA gyrase
1043:tendonitis
1031:See also:
974:Klebsiella
866:meningitis
850:cellulitis
752:antibiotic
667:3D model (
655:Molar mass
484:U188XYD42P
455:ChemSpider
390:CAS Number
373:IUPAC name
343:12.1 hours
307:Metabolism
186:Antibiotic
181:Drug class
16:Antibiotic
4193:Phase III
4181:Withdrawn
4140:Rifalazil
4135:Rifaximin
4125:Rifabutin
4099:synthesis
4060:Anaerobic
4031:Related (
3781:Ofloxacin
3749:Rosoxacin
3719:Cinoxacin
3669:Sulfoxone
3522:Sulfalene
3445:Prontosil
3246:29 August
3216:29 August
3155:29 August
3022:uspto.gov
2492:195694147
2209:205521926
2166:251470489
1538:Drugs.com
1491:29 August
1344:prior art
1263:Chemistry
1161:magnesium
1157:aluminium
1121:pregnancy
1047:hepatitis
807:pregnancy
776:sinusitis
760:pneumonia
349:Excretion
338:half-life
174:eye drops
159:Routes of
133:Pregnancy
81:Monograph
75:Drugs.com
4226:Medicine
3786:Enoxacin
3573:Mafenide
3350:Iclaprim
3232:Bayer AG
3141:Bayer AG
2848:19712035
2795:3 August
2691:11 April
2654:11448163
2646:10730681
2484:10718103
2441:29582196
2260:27103785
2201:28072403
2158:35947127
2123:33919239
2039:17495385
1694:"Avelox"
1673:ClinCalc
1647:Archived
1643:ClinCalc
1613:(2023).
1428:26955572
1420:17154673
1273:resolved
1241:In vitro
1186:Overdose
1180:warfarin
1172:pimozide
1125:epilepsy
1114:diabetes
791:diarrhea
784:eye drop
738:(verify)
532:ChEMBL32
435:DrugBank
198:ATC code
166:By mouth
148: B3
135:category
3692:and/or
3659:Dapsone
3122:31 July
2999:25 June
2965:21 July
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2066:21 July
1998:1592498
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1703:3 April
1568:17 July
1287:History
1269:racemic
1170:(e.g.,
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