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Al-Mubarrad

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544:, debated with al-Mubarrad. A conversation between al-Mubarrad and Ibn al-Ḥā’ik is related by al-Nadīm were al-Mubarrad says to Ibn al-Ḥā’ik, “I notice that you are full of understanding, but at the same time free from pride." Ibn al-Ḥā’ik replied, “Oh, Abū al-‘Abbas, it is because of you that Allāh has provided our bread and livelihood.” Then al-Mubarrad said, “In spite of receiving your bread and livelihood, you would be proud if you had a proud nature." 532:- and then to al-Mubarrad, who in turn declined on grounds of age. Al-Mubarrad recommended his younger colleague al-Zajjāj for such a laborious task. Al-Mubarrad had a close friendship with Ibn al-Sarrāj, one of his brightest and sharpest pupils. When al-Mubarrad died al-Sarrāj became a pupil of al-Zajjāj. Al Mubarrad taught Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 202:, who gives al-Mubarrad's full genealogical name: Muḥammad ibn Yazīd ibn ‘Abd al-Akbar ibn ‘Umayr ibn Ḥasanān ibn Sulaym ibn Sa‘d ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Durayd ibn Mālik ibn al-Ḥārith ibn ‘Āmir ibn Abd Allāh ibn Bilāl ibn ‘Awf ibn Aslam ibn Aḥjan ibn Ka‘b ibn al-Ḥarīth ibn Ka‘b ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Mālik ibn Naṣr ibn al-Azd, al-Azd said to be the son of al-Ghawth. 488:
al-Qāsim ibn Ismā’īl, who wrote “The Meaning of Poetry”; Abū Dhakwān’s stepson Al-Tawwazī. ‘Ubayd ibn Dhakwān Abū ‘Ali, among whose books there were Contraries, Reply of the Silencer, Oaths (Divisions) of the Arabians, Abū Ya‘lā ibn Abī Zur‘ah, a friend of al-Māzinī, who wrote A Compendium of Grammar
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When ‘Umārah asked al-Tawwazī how his master Abū ‘Ubaydah would interpret “Jumanah and Rayyā”, al-Tawwazī replied, “The names of two women,” ‘Umārah laughed saying, ‘These two, by Allāh, are two sandy places to the right and left of my house!' When al-Tawwazi asked al-Mubarrad to write this
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gives al-Mubarrid, but in most of the translation the usual spelling, al-Mubarrad is used. Al-Māzinī nicknamed him “Mubarrid” (meaning “cool-headed in establishing the truth"), but the scholars of al-Kūfah changed it to Mubarrad (“chilly”), the name by which the grammarian is
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to relieve himself or to pray, he read the book as he walked and returned to his seat. As for Ismā’īl ibn Isḥaq, whenever I went in to him there was in his hand a book which he was reading, or else he was turning over some books so as to choose one of them to read.
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This title is not included in the Beatty MS. On the margin the following note is inserted: “Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Marwān quoted through Abū Dhakwān the book Opposites from al-Tawwazī." This evidently refers to Kitāb al-Aḍdād of
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that al-Mubarrad was born in 825-26 (210 AH)and died in 898-99 (285 AH), aged seventy-nine. Others said his birth was in 822-23 (207 AH). Al-Ṣūlī Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Yahya said he was buried in the cemetery of the Kūfah Gate.
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The word translated as “transcribers” is an unusual form but it probably refers to the two men mentioned in the first phrase, who copied al—Mubarrad’s manuscripts. The other persons mentioned under this heading were not
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Al-Nadīm also relates a tradition from Abū ‘Ubayd Allāh that Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad had related that Abū al-‘Abbas Muhammad ibn Yazid the grammarian had said: “I never saw anyone more avaricious for learning than
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explanation down, he refused out of respect for Abū ‘Ubaydah. Al-Tawwazī insisted that if he were present, Abū ‘Ubaydah, would accept Umārah’s interpretation, as it was about his own house.’
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Recent Arabic editions of this famous book have been published by Dār al—Kutub and Maktabat Nahḍat Miṣr in Cairo, and there is also the older edition put out by Kreysing of Leipzig in 1864.
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by Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Abi ‘Abbād, which was composed in the form of tables, the caliph ordered his vizier, al-Qāsim, to commission an expositionary commentary. Al-Qāsim sent first to
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As a great grandson of the poet Jarīr, ‘Umārah was brought up in the old family home and probably knew all about Jumānah and Rayyā al-‘Āqir. See Jarīr, Sharḥ Dīwān, pp. 304
564:(Judge). Whatever book came into the hands of al-Jāḥīẓ, he read it from cover to cover, while al-Fatḥ carried a book in his slipper and if he left the presence of Caliph 3881: 3928: 3908: 3983: 3938: 682:
The word used in the Beatty MS seems to be qa’r ( thorough searching") followed in the translation, although Flügel gives the word as ma‘na (“meaning’).
549: 3000: 167:'s seminal treatise on grammar, "al-Kitab" ("The Book"), he lectured on philology and wrote critical treatises on linguistics and Quranic exegesis ( 474: 206: 2772: 611:
Shahrastānī, Baghdādī, Mas‘udi and others do not mention the Sūraḥūn sect, who were probably local to al-Baṣrah. The Beatty MS, (followed in the
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Prosody- An Explanation of the Words of the Arabs, Rescuing Their Pronunciation, Coupling of Their Words, and Relating Their Meaning;
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al-Shaybānī said to me, ‘I had never seen a mortar among the nomads, so that when I came across one, I was disdainful of it.’”
233:, al-Hakimi wrote that Abū ‘Abd Allah Muhammad ibn al-Qāsim called Al-Mubarrad a "Sūraḥūn", of al-Baṣrah. His origins were in 3115: 540:, wrote a commentary on the “Introduction" (Al-Madkhal) (on grammar) of al-Mubarrad. Ibn al-Ḥā’ik Hārūn, from al-Ḥīrah, a 755:
Muḥammad ibn Yaḥyā ibn Abi ‘Abbād Abū Ja‘far, was Maḥbarah al-Nadīm or Abū ‘Abbād Jābir ibn Zayd ibn al- Ṣabbāḥ al-‘Askarī
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Al-Mubarrad related many anecdotes of the poets, linguists and satirists of his circle. In one such tale al-Mubarrad says
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as "equal to Abu ‘Ubaydah in poetry and rhetoric but more expert in grammar, although ‘Ubaydah excelled in genealogy."
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It is unclear to whom the pronouns refer, but it seems logical to interpret the passage as translated.
237:, however his marriage to a daughter of al-Ḥafṣā al-Mughannī earned him the name ‘Ḥayyan al-Sūraḥī.’ 4048: 3572: 3439: 3165: 2897: 2412: 2342: 646:
This book about meaning of the Qur’an, Its Ambiguity and Metaphor is not mentioned in the Beatty MS.
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This is perhaps a misprint, meant to be instead the grammatical forms Al- Fā’il wa-al-Maf’ūl.
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Al-Mubarrad evidently cared for Hārūn as an apprentice before Hārūn studied with Tha‘lab.
541: 209:, Abū al-‘Abbās Muḥammad ibn Yazīd al-Azdī al-Thumālī was a protégé of the grammarians 132: 3105: 1861: 3913: 3637: 3607: 3582: 3557: 3283: 3248: 3175: 3015: 2867: 2812: 2702: 2697: 2612: 2579: 2529: 2509: 2494: 2267: 2187: 2008: 1955: 1919: 1896: 1783: 1717: 1706: 94: 1404: 664:
This probably refers to a scholar trained to examine old poems and tribal vernaculars.
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Jāḥiẓ (al-), Abū Uthmān ‘Amr ibn Baḥr (1950) . Hārūn, ’Abd al-Salām Muḥammad (ed.).
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This title and those following are in the Flügel edition but not in the Beatty MS.
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Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary (Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā Abnā' al-Zamān)
508: 2168:
Mu'jam al-Buldān (Jaqut's Geographischees Wörterbuch, Photographic reproduction)
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A prolific writer, perhaps the greatest of his school, his best known work is
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He estimated that “Abū Zayd knew a great deal about grammar, but less than
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The Generations of the Grammarians of al-Baṣrah, with Accounts about Them;
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How the Pronunciations of the Qur’ān Agree, Though Their Meanings Differ;
2767: 1875:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 954. 1608: 3732: 3652: 3509: 3424: 3288: 3263: 3225: 3215: 3170: 3095: 3085: 3070: 3065: 3035: 2987: 2922: 2892: 2717: 2627: 2402: 2256: 2139:
Irshād al-Arīb alā Ma'rifat al-Adīb (Yaqut's Dictionary of Learned Men)
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Kitāb Tahdhīb al-Asmā' (The Biographical Dictionary of Illustrious Men)
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For a long time may thou tarry in the branches and the forest verdure,
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Jāḥiẓ (al-), Abū Uthmān ‘Amr ibn Baḥr (1955). Pellat, Charles (ed.).
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Other contemporary grammarians wrote commentaries of lesser value on
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Abū ‘Ubayd Allāh was evidently a friend of the author of Al-Fihrist.
287:, in the presence of the poet’s great grandson Umārah, which began: 3602: 3195: 3155: 3060: 2762: 1572: 1380: 800:
The same anecdote is told at Dodge, Chap. III, sect. 2, near n. 12.
226: 210: 164: 2382: 2059:. Göttingen: London Society for the Publication of Oriental Texts. 1356: 375:
The Meaning of the Attributes of Allāh, May His Name Be Glorified;
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The Fihrist of al-Nadim, A Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture
1769:. Vol. 4. Cairo: Lajna al-Ta’līf wa-al-Tarjamah wa-al-Nashr. 1723: 1596: 1524: 1488: 1257: 1149: 1032: 960: 813: 150: 146: 136: 64: 2041:. Vol. 1. New York & London: Columbia University Press. 1996:
The Kāmil of El-Mubarrad, edited for The German Oriental Society
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Kitāb Murūj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'ādin al-Jawhar (Les Prairies d'or)
1844:
Kitāb Tajārub al-Umarā' -The Eclipse of the 'Abbāsid Caliphate
1416: 1281: 1233: 1020: 1977:, Princeton University Arabic collection, Leipzig: Kreysing, 1656: 357:
The Meaning of the Qur’ān, known as Kitāb al-Tāmm (Entirety);
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The Letters in the Meaning of the Qur’an to “Ṭā' (Ṭ) Ha‘(H);
149:. When the caliph was killed the following year, he went to 1999:(in English and Arabic), vol. II, Leipzig: G. Kreysing 1910:
Mubarrad, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (1986). Dali, Muhammad (ed.).
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Kashf al-Zunun (Lexicon Bibliographicum et Encyclopaedicum)
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Mubarrad (al-), Abu al-'Abbas Muhammad ibn Yazid (1898).
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Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad may have been a son of al-Mubarrad.
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For Kitāb al-Awsīṭ fī aI-Naḥw of al-Akhfash (the Middle)
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In another tradition al-Mubarrad read a poem of the poet
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Al-Ḥafṣā al-Mughannī was a “sharīf”, or noble, of Yemen.
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The Shortened and the Lengthened Masculine and Feminine;
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Abbasid philologist, biographer and grammarian (826-898)
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Flügel, Gustav (1872). J. Roediger; A. Mueller (eds.).
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Explanation of the Arguments of the “Book" of Sībawayh;
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Yāqūt, Shīhāb al-Dīn ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥamawī (1965).
849: 221:, called the Thumālah. He began studying Sībawayh's 2155:
Mu'jam al-Buldān (Jaqut's Geographischees Wörterbuch)
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Thorough Searching of “Kitab al-Awsaṭ" of al-Akhfash;
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Bughyat al-Wu'āt fī Ṭabaqāt al-Lughawīyī wa-al-Nuḥāh
2013:(in Arabic and French). Vol. VI. Translated by 1846:(in Arabic and English). Vol. 6. Translated by 1305: 1044: 2117: 2110:The History of Al-Ṭabarī, an annotated translation 2021:, Pavet de. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. pp.  1802:(in Arabic and Latin). Vol. I. Translated by 1410: 311:For Jumanah or Rayya, the Barren Place (al-‘Āqir). 123:. He was a philologist, biographer and a leading 119:(c. 826 – c. 898), was a native of 2003: 1614: 1362: 864: 198:transmitted the written account of Abū al-Ḥusayn 4000: 2125:. Vol. 12. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣrīyah. 2102:(in Arabic). Vol. 7. Cairo: Dār al-Ma’ārif. 2096:Ṭabarī (al-) (1960). Abū al-Faḍl Ibrāhīm (ed.). 1820:. Vol. III. London: W.H. Allen. p. 31. 1677:, pp. 256, line 2, 940, line 19, Irshad,IV. 442:Explanation of the Names of Allah the Almighty; 414:Refutation of Sībawayh The Principles of Poetry; 171:). He is said to be the source of the story of 2123:Al Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulūk Miṣr wa-al-Qāhirah 1824: 1810: 1776:Kitāb al-Qawl fī al-Bighā (Le Livre des mulets) 1732:Iṣbahānī (Ibn), Abū al-Faraj ‘Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn 1590: 1566: 1482: 1422: 1287: 1155: 1131: 1083: 1014: 978: 942: 882: 831: 2005:Mas'ūdī (al-), Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn 1932: 1755: 1744: 1740:(in Arabic). Vol. 20. Cairo: Būlāq Press. 1730: 1215: 453: 2228: 2200: 2174: 2147:Yāqūt, Shīhāb al-Dīn ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥamawī 2131:Yāqūt, Shīhāb al-Dīn ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥamawī 1794: 1650: 1638: 1542: 1458: 1203: 1107: 1002: 673:Ṭā’ hā’ are the letters which begin Sūrah 20. 396:Thorough Searching of the “Book” of Sībawayh; 2107:Ṭabarī (al-) (1987), Montgomery Watt (ed.), 2106: 2095: 2077: 2063: 2045: 1626: 1506: 1386: 1374: 1326: 1227: 1179: 1095: 990: 954: 522:, who declined -offering instead to work on 293:The dove was happy in the trees exciting me; 106: 2029: 1773: 1764: 1686: 1554: 1518: 1470: 1446: 1434: 1350: 1338: 1275: 1251: 1239: 1143: 1119: 1062: 1026: 930: 894: 135:. In 860 he was called to the court of the 2235: 2221: 2192:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1960:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1924:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1901:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1790:. Vol. 3. Damascus: Al-Hāshimī Press. 217:, etc. He was descended from a branch of 2065:Suyūtī (al-), Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Raḥmān 1838: 1751:(in Arabic). Vol. 21. Leiden: Brill. 1398: 175:or Shahr Banu — eldest daughter of 2119:Ṭaghrī-Birdī (Ibn), Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf 1988: 1968: 1945: 1909: 1858: 1782: 906: 858: 477:were probably al-Mubarrad’s amanuenses. 384:Names of the Calamities among the Arabs; 308:But the heart remaineth bound by longing 1831:Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary 1806:, Gustav. London: Bentley. p. 173. 1653:, pp. 542, 618, Kashf al-Zunun, V. 846:, p. 137, line 15, Irshād, VI (7). 160:("The Perfect One" or "The Complete"). 14: 4001: 2099:Ta'rīkh al-Rusul wa-al-Mulūk (Annales) 2088:Ta'rīkh al-Rusul wa-al-Mulūk (Annales) 1879: 1840:Miskawayh, Abū ‘Alī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad 1715: 1701: 1413:, pp. 107–108, 128–133, 268, III. 1314: 1299: 1050: 918: 870: 619:), suggests the Sūraḥūn were sweepers. 417:Inflection (Declension) of the Qur’ān; 3858: 3367: 2459: 2289: 2254: 2242: 2216: 2161: 2145: 2129: 1989:Mubarrad, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (1892), 1969:Mubarrad, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (1864), 1946:Mubarrad, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (1891). 1859:Thatcher, Griffithes Wheeler (1911). 1674: 1662: 1602: 1578: 1530: 1494: 1401:, pp. 20 (18), 268(238), VI (I). 1263: 1191: 1167: 1038: 966: 843: 819: 536:. and Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn ‘lsā al- 153:, and taught there until his death. 2206:Ṭabaqāt al-Naḥwīyīn wa-al-Lughawīyīn 2202:Zubaydī (al-), Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan 1708:Die grammatischen Schulen der Araber 182:His quote to would-be students was: 4054:Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate 4044:Scholars from the Abbasid Caliphate 4024:9th-century Arabic-language writers 3861:National literatures of Arab states 2182:. Vol. 10 (2 ed.). Cairo. 1834:. Vol. IV. London: W.H. Allen. 1826:Khallikān (Ibn), Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad 1812:Khallikān (Ibn), Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad 469:The copyists Ismā’īl ibn Aḥmad Ibn 420:Exhortation for Morality and Truth; 107: 24: 2157:. Vol. 6. Leipzig: Brockhaus. 2073:(in Arabic). Cairo: Sa’ādah Press. 25: 4080: 2204:(1954). Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad (ed.). 1641:, p. 173, Kashf al-Zunun, I. 435:The Speaker (The Rational Being); 426:The Excess Deleted from Sībawayh; 205:According to Sheikh Abū Sa‘īd al- 2121:(1956) . Popper, William (ed.). 2079:Ṭabarī (al-), Muḥammad ibn Jarīr 2047:Nawawī (al-), Abū Zakarīyā Yaḥyā 1581:, pp. 56–80, Irshad, VI(6). 117:Abū al-‘Abbās Muḥammad ibn Yazīd 34:Abū al-‘Abbās Muḥammad ibn Yazīd 2290: 2273:Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions 2141:. Vol. III. Leiden: Brill. 1891:. Leipzig & Constantinople. 1695: 1068: 794: 785: 776: 767: 758: 749: 739: 726: 716: 707: 698: 685: 676: 667: 658: 649: 640: 631: 622: 605: 596: 2373:Harith ibn Hilliza Al-Yashkuri 2091:. Vol. 14. Leiden: Brill. 822:, p. 137, Irshād, VI (7). 579: 279:to a student of al-Aṣma‘ī and 13: 1: 2570:Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi 2460: 1605:, p. 116, Irshad, VI(6). 1533:, p. 234, Irshad, VI(7). 1497:, p. 280, Irshad, IV(5). 1266:, p. 244, Irshād VI (4). 1041:, p. 758, Irshad, VI(7). 969:, p. 84, Irshad, VI (3). 807: 736:first of al-Mubarrad's books. 484:. Among this group were: Abū 2170:. Tehran: Maktabat al-Asadī. 1881:Mubarrad, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd 1726:: F.C.W. Vogel. p. 663. 1170:, p. 164, Irshad VI(7). 492:Al-Mubarrad‘s leading pupil 387:The Compendium (unfinished); 369:The Training of an Examiner; 268:and Sībawayh." He described 231:Device of the Men of Letters 190: 7: 3031:Hamda bint Ziyad al-Muaddib 2176:Ziriklī (al-), Khayr al-Dīn 1767:Kitāb al-Bayān wa-al-Tabyīn 1722:(in Arabic). Vol. II. 602:See Durayd, Geneal., p. 288 454:Transcribers of al-Mubarrad 438:Superior and Distinguished; 10: 4085: 3368: 2565:Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni 302:until he came to the line 4069:Quranic exegesis scholars 3867: 3854: 3573:Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar 3528: 3380: 3376: 3363: 3312: 3239: 2986: 2598: 2472: 2468: 2455: 2298: 2285: 2263: 2250: 1848:Margoliouth, David Samuel 1778:. Cairo: Al-Ḥalabī Press. 1665:, p. 744, Irshad, I. 1617:, pp. 220, 272, VII. 1389:, pp. 2207–2213, II. 473:and Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad 449:Declension (Conjugation). 351:Introduction to Sībawayh; 342:Al-Anwā' and the Seasons; 90: 80: 72: 57: 39: 32: 4039:9th-century philologists 2963:Ibn al-Qatta' al-Siqilli 2135:David Samuel Margoliouth 1854:London: Basil Blackwell. 572: 432:Inflection (Declension); 429:Introduction to Grammar; 348:Penmanship and Spelling; 321: 4019:9th-century Arab people 3332:Abdul Qadir al-Baghdadi 2783:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani 2638:Abu'l-Qasimbal-Maghribi 2423:Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith 2318:Al-Fāriʿah bint Shaddād 2255: 1872:Encyclopædia Britannica 1756:Iṣbahānī (Ibn) (1900). 1745:Iṣbahānī (Ibn) (1888). 1411:Ṭaghrī-Birdī (Ibn) 1956 1017:, p. 52, n.24, IV. 615:English translation of 496:became an associate of 330:Al-Kāmil (The Complete) 4064:Philologists of Arabic 2838:Abu Muhammad al-Anbari 2828:Safiyya al-Baghdadiyya 2343:Al-Nu'man ibn Humaydah 2137:, David Samuel (ed.). 542:grammarian of al-Kūfah 378:Praiseworthy and Vile; 360:Proving the Readings ; 327:Meaning of the Qur’ān; 4034:9th-century linguists 3578:Abdur Rahman Kashgari 3410:Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi 3111:Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad 2928:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani 2490:Abd al-Hamid al-Katib 2480:Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi 2303:Abu Layla al-Muhalhel 1939:Al-Kamil (manuscript) 1711:. Leipzig: Brockhaus. 411:The Complete Epistle; 163:A leading scholar of 4059:Grammarians of Basra 3753:Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi 3713:Mohamed Said Raihani 3598:Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal 3445:Suleyman al-Boustani 3274:'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya 2823:Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur 2748:Marwan ibn Abi Hafsa 2728:Abu Mansur al-Azhari 2623:Abu Firas al-Hamdani 2585:Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a 2575:Dhu Jadan al-Himyari 2555:Qutayla ukht al-Nadr 2428:Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma 2333:Al-Khirniq bint Badr 1784:Kaḥḥālah, ‘Umar Riḍā 1758:Tables Alphabétiques 1591:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1567:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1483:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1423:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1377:, p. 1155, III. 1288:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1230:, p. 1358, III. 1156:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1132:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1084:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 1015:Khallikān (Ibn) 1871 979:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 943:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 883:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 832:Khallikān (Ibn) 1868 516:Compendium of Speech 482:The Book of Sībawayh 366:Necessity of Poetry; 4029:9th-century jurists 3828:Jabra Ibrahim Jabra 3683:Ihsan Abdel Quddous 3415:Ahmad Faris Shidyaq 2798:Abu Nasr al-Jawhari 2673:Baha' al-din Zuhair 2545:Layla al-Akhyaliyya 2413:Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya 2363:Antarah ibn Shaddad 2353:'Amir ibn al-Tufayl 2208:. Cairo: Al-Khanjī. 2166:, Ferdinand (ed.). 2153:, Ferdinand (ed.). 2053:, Ferdinand (ed.). 1242:, pp. 124–125. 1216:Iṣbahānī (Ibn) 1900 1158:, p. 388, III. 1110:, p. 144, III. 1029:, pp. 127–128. 423:Qaḥṭān and ‘Adnan ; 85:Grammarian of Basra 67:, Abbasid Caliphate 3638:Abdul Rahman Munif 3608:Fayeq Abdul-Jaleel 3583:Muhammad al-Maghut 3558:Ahlam Mosteghanemi 3284:Hamdallah Mustawfi 3249:Ahmad ibn Arabshah 2868:Abu Ahmad Monajjem 2703:Al-Hariri of Basra 2698:Al-Fath ibn Khaqan 2643:Arib al-Ma'muniyya 2580:Dorayd bin Al Soma 2510:Maysun bint Bahdal 2348:'Alqama ibn 'Abada 2268:Namara inscription 2031:Nadīm (al-), Isḥāq 1651:Ḥājj Khalīfah 1858 1639:Ḥājj Khalīfah 1858 1615:Mas'ūdī (al-) 1871 1593:, p. 455, II. 1569:, p. 405, II. 1543:Zubaydī (al-) 1954 1485:, p. 242, II. 1459:Zubaydī (al-) 1954 1365:, p. 35, VII. 1363:Mas'ūdī (al-) 1871 1218:, p. 183, XX. 1204:Zubaydī (al-) 1954 1134:, p. 123, II. 1108:Ziriklī (al-) 1959 1003:Zubaydī (al-) 1954 981:, p. 52, III. 909:, p. 120, VI. 885:, p. 396, II. 834:, p. 31, III. 246:Abū ‘Ali al-Ṣaffār 240:Abū Sa’īd reports 95:Islamic Golden Age 3996: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3845: 3803:Ibrahim Nasrallah 3763:Ibrahim al-Mazini 3663:Saadallah Wannous 3460:Rifa'a al-Tahtawi 3450:Butrus al-Bustani 3405:Ibrahim al-Yaziji 3359: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3231:Ibn Abi al-Khisal 3116:ibn Hani al-Azdi 2958:Usama ibn Munqidh 2933:Sharif al-Murtaza 2918:Al-Sharif al-Radi 2878:Al-Sarī al-Raffā’ 2678:Bashshar ibn Burd 2550:Suraqah al-Bariqi 2500:Hassan ibn Thabit 2451: 2450: 2388:Laila bint Lukaiz 2313:Afira bint 'Abbad 2281: 2280: 2244:Arabic literature 1993:, William (ed.), 1973:, William (ed.), 1689:, pp. 397–8. 1627:Suyūtī (al-) 1909 1521:, pp. 138–9. 1507:Suyūtī (al-) 1909 1437:, pp. 131–2. 1387:Ṭabarī (al-) 1901 1375:Ṭabarī (al-) 1901 1327:Suyūtī (al-) 1909 1228:Ṭabarī (al-) 1901 1194:, p. 894, I. 1180:Suyūtī (al-) 1909 1096:Nawawī (al-) 1847 1086:, p. 570, I. 1065:, pp. 100–1. 991:Suyūtī (al-) 1909 955:Suyūtī (al-) 1909 945:, p. 377, I. 933:, pp. 127–8. 897:, pp. 111–2. 558:Ismā’īl ibn Isḥaq 381:Pleasing Gardens; 131:, a rival to the 100: 99: 51:Abbasid Caliphate 16:(Redirected from 4076: 4049:Arab grammarians 3856: 3855: 3823:Mourid Barghouti 3778:Nazik Al-Malaika 3708:Abdellatif Laabi 3628:Ghassan Kanafani 3553:Sonallah Ibrahim 3538:Nawal El Saadawi 3465:Abdallah Marrash 3455:Ahmad Zaki Pasha 3435:Qustaki al-Himsi 3378: 3377: 3365: 3364: 3106:Lubna of Córdoba 3011:Maria Alphaizuli 2898:Laylā bint Ṭarīf 2653:Ahmad al-Tifashi 2525:Jarir ibn Atiyah 2520:Suraqa bin Malik 2515:Jamil ibn Ma'mar 2470: 2469: 2457: 2456: 2438:Aktham ibn Saifi 2433:Zuhayr ibn Janab 2287: 2286: 2252: 2251: 2237: 2230: 2223: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2171: 2158: 2142: 2126: 2114: 2103: 2092: 2074: 2060: 2042: 2026: 2017:, C Barbier de; 2000: 1985: 1965: 1959: 1951: 1942: 1929: 1923: 1915: 1906: 1900: 1892: 1876: 1864: 1862:"Mubarrad"  1855: 1835: 1821: 1807: 1791: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1760:. Leiden: Brill. 1752: 1741: 1727: 1712: 1690: 1687:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1684: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1555:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1552: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1519:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1516: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1471:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1468: 1462: 1456: 1450: 1447:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1444: 1438: 1435:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1432: 1426: 1425:, p. 83, I. 1420: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1372: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1351:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1348: 1342: 1339:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1336: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1303: 1297: 1291: 1290:, p. 28, I. 1285: 1279: 1276:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1273: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1252:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1249: 1243: 1240:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1237: 1231: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1165: 1159: 1153: 1147: 1144:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1141: 1135: 1129: 1123: 1120:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1117: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1093: 1087: 1081: 1075: 1072: 1066: 1063:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1060: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1027:Nadīm (al-) 1970 1024: 1018: 1012: 1006: 1000: 994: 988: 982: 976: 970: 964: 958: 952: 946: 940: 934: 931:Nadīm (al-) 1970 928: 922: 916: 910: 904: 898: 895:Nadīm (al-) 1970 892: 886: 880: 874: 868: 862: 856: 847: 841: 835: 829: 823: 817: 801: 798: 792: 789: 783: 780: 774: 771: 765: 762: 756: 753: 747: 743: 737: 730: 724: 720: 714: 711: 705: 702: 696: 689: 683: 680: 674: 671: 665: 662: 656: 653: 647: 644: 638: 635: 629: 626: 620: 609: 603: 600: 594: 583: 556:ibn Khāqān, and 466: 465: 461: 110: 109: 73:Other names 61:898–899 (285 AH) 30: 29: 21: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4073: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3988: 3863: 3842: 3703:Mohammed Bennis 3693:Mohamed Choukri 3633:Ghada al-Samman 3563:Mahmoud Darwish 3524: 3520:Tawfiq al-Hakim 3475:Maryana Marrash 3470:Francis Marrash 3400:Nasif al-Yaziji 3395:Maruf al Rusafi 3372: 3351: 3347:Ahmed Ben Triki 3308: 3235: 2990: 2982: 2943:Yaqut al-Hamawi 2813:Ibn al-Muqaffa' 2793:Yunus ibn Habib 2738:ibn al-Mudabbir 2594: 2560:Waddah al-Yaman 2530:Ka'b bin Zuhayr 2495:Fadl Ashsha'ira 2464: 2447: 2393:Mahd al-Aadiyya 2358:Amr ibn Kulthum 2294: 2277: 2259: 2246: 2241: 2185: 2184: 2085:, M. J. (ed.). 1953: 1952: 1917: 1916: 1894: 1893: 1885:Wright, William 1748:Kitāb al-Aghānī 1737:Kitāb al-Aghānī 1698: 1693: 1685: 1681: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1649: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1597: 1589: 1585: 1577: 1573: 1565: 1561: 1553: 1549: 1541: 1537: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1513: 1505: 1501: 1493: 1489: 1481: 1477: 1469: 1465: 1457: 1453: 1449:, pp. 135. 1445: 1441: 1433: 1429: 1421: 1417: 1409: 1405: 1397: 1393: 1385: 1381: 1373: 1369: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1345: 1337: 1333: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1306: 1298: 1294: 1286: 1282: 1274: 1270: 1262: 1258: 1250: 1246: 1238: 1234: 1226: 1222: 1214: 1210: 1202: 1198: 1190: 1186: 1178: 1174: 1166: 1162: 1154: 1150: 1142: 1138: 1130: 1126: 1118: 1114: 1106: 1102: 1094: 1090: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1061: 1057: 1049: 1045: 1037: 1033: 1025: 1021: 1013: 1009: 1001: 997: 989: 985: 977: 973: 965: 961: 953: 949: 941: 937: 929: 925: 917: 913: 905: 901: 893: 889: 881: 877: 869: 865: 857: 850: 842: 838: 830: 826: 818: 814: 810: 805: 804: 799: 795: 790: 786: 781: 777: 772: 768: 763: 759: 754: 750: 744: 740: 732:Al-Nadim lists 731: 727: 721: 717: 712: 708: 703: 699: 690: 686: 681: 677: 672: 668: 663: 659: 654: 650: 645: 641: 636: 632: 627: 623: 610: 606: 601: 597: 584: 580: 575: 467: 463: 459: 457: 456: 324: 193: 129:School of Basra 68: 62: 53: 44: 43:c. 826 (207 AH) 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4082: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3852: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3833:Samih al-Qasim 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3813:Omar Abu Risha 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3738:Youssef Rzouga 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3698:Leila Abouzeid 3695: 3690: 3688:Alaa Al Aswany 3685: 3680: 3678:Leila Aboulela 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3658:Colette Khoury 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3593:Abbās al-Aqqād 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3543:Naguib Mahfouz 3540: 3534: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3420:Naoum Mokarzel 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3386: 3384: 3374: 3373: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3318: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3304:Al-Qalqashandi 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3245: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3221:Ibn al-Kattani 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3041:Ibn Abd Rabbih 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2995: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2968:Ibn al-Shajari 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2788:Rabia of Basra 2785: 2780: 2778:Aban al-Lahiqi 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2658:Abu al-Atahiya 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2618:Ibn al-Mu'tazz 2615: 2610: 2604: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2505:Ibn Abi Hasina 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2476: 2474: 2466: 2465: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2283: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2260: 2248: 2247: 2240: 2239: 2232: 2225: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2198: 2172: 2159: 2143: 2127: 2115: 2104: 2093: 2075: 2061: 2043: 2027: 2001: 1986: 1975:Kitāb al-kāmil 1966: 1943: 1937:, Carl (ed.). 1930: 1907: 1877: 1867:Chisholm, Hugh 1856: 1852:Amedroz, H. F. 1836: 1822: 1808: 1792: 1788:A'lām al-Nisā' 1780: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1742: 1728: 1713: 1703:Flügel, Gustav 1697: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1679: 1667: 1655: 1643: 1631: 1629:, p. 193. 1619: 1607: 1595: 1583: 1571: 1559: 1557:, p. 164. 1547: 1545:, p. 168. 1535: 1523: 1511: 1509:, p. 344. 1499: 1487: 1475: 1473:, p. 137. 1463: 1461:, p. 127. 1451: 1439: 1427: 1415: 1403: 1399:Miskawayh 1921 1391: 1379: 1367: 1355: 1353:, p. 131. 1343: 1341:, p. 130. 1331: 1329:, p. 275. 1319: 1304: 1302:, p. 233. 1292: 1280: 1278:, p. 129. 1268: 1256: 1244: 1232: 1220: 1208: 1206:, p. 107. 1196: 1184: 1182:, p. 290. 1172: 1160: 1148: 1146:, p. 120. 1136: 1124: 1122:, p. 118. 1112: 1100: 1098:, p. 721. 1088: 1076: 1067: 1055: 1043: 1031: 1019: 1007: 1005:, p. 122. 995: 983: 971: 959: 957:, p. 221. 947: 935: 923: 921:, p. 205. 911: 899: 887: 875: 863: 861:, p. 954. 848: 836: 824: 811: 809: 806: 803: 802: 793: 784: 775: 766: 757: 748: 738: 725: 715: 706: 697: 684: 675: 666: 657: 648: 639: 630: 621: 604: 595: 577: 576: 574: 571: 489:(unfinished) 455: 452: 451: 450: 447: 440: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 421: 418: 415: 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 397: 394: 393:Embellishment; 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 336:Improvisation; 334: 331: 328: 323: 320: 315: 314: 313: 312: 309: 300: 299: 298: 297: 294: 262: 261: 196:Ishaq Al-Nadīm 192: 189: 188: 187: 133:School of Kufa 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 82: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 63: 59: 55: 54: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4081: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4004: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3818:Yusuf al-Khal 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3808:Elia Abu Madi 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3718:Waciny Laredj 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3668:Zakaria Tamer 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3618:Ibrahim Tuqan 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3588:Nizar Qabbani 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3495:Kahlil Gibran 3493: 3491: 3490:Mikhail Naimy 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3480:Hafez Ibrahim 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3342:Ibn al-Wannan 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3254:Ibn Al Ouardy 3252: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3211:Ibn al-Yayyab 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3081:Ibn al-Khatib 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3051:Ibn al-Zaqqaq 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3006:Al-Rumaikiyya 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2948:Al Suhrawardi 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2843:Ibn al-Anbari 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2608:Bint al-Mahdī 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2473:Early Islamic 2471: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2408:Imru' al-Qais 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2219: 2218: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2189: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035:Dodge, Bayard 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1957: 1949: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1913: 1908: 1904: 1898: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796:Ḥājj Khalīfah 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1749: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1699: 1688: 1683: 1676: 1671: 1664: 1659: 1652: 1647: 1640: 1635: 1628: 1623: 1616: 1611: 1604: 1599: 1592: 1587: 1580: 1575: 1568: 1563: 1556: 1551: 1544: 1539: 1532: 1527: 1520: 1515: 1508: 1503: 1496: 1491: 1484: 1479: 1472: 1467: 1460: 1455: 1448: 1443: 1436: 1431: 1424: 1419: 1412: 1407: 1400: 1395: 1388: 1383: 1376: 1371: 1364: 1359: 1352: 1347: 1340: 1335: 1328: 1323: 1317:, p. 95. 1316: 1311: 1309: 1301: 1296: 1289: 1284: 1277: 1272: 1265: 1260: 1254:, p. 76. 1253: 1248: 1241: 1236: 1229: 1224: 1217: 1212: 1205: 1200: 1193: 1188: 1181: 1176: 1169: 1164: 1157: 1152: 1145: 1140: 1133: 1128: 1121: 1116: 1109: 1104: 1097: 1092: 1085: 1080: 1071: 1064: 1059: 1053:, p. 48. 1052: 1047: 1040: 1035: 1028: 1023: 1016: 1011: 1004: 999: 993:, p. 44. 992: 987: 980: 975: 968: 963: 956: 951: 944: 939: 932: 927: 920: 915: 908: 907:Kaḥḥālah 1959 903: 896: 891: 884: 879: 872: 867: 860: 859:Thatcher 1911 855: 853: 845: 840: 833: 828: 821: 816: 812: 797: 788: 779: 770: 761: 752: 742: 735: 729: 723:transcribers. 719: 710: 701: 694: 688: 679: 670: 661: 652: 643: 634: 625: 618: 614: 608: 599: 591: 587: 582: 578: 570: 567: 566:al-Mutawakkil 563: 559: 555: 551: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 526: 525:Kitāb al-‘Ayn 521: 517: 513: 510: 507: 503: 499: 495: 490: 487: 483: 478: 476: 472: 462: 448: 445: 444: 443: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 422: 419: 416: 413: 410: 407: 404: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 325: 319: 310: 307: 306: 305: 304: 303: 295: 292: 291: 290: 289: 288: 286: 282: 278: 273: 271: 267: 259: 256:“One day Abū 255: 254: 253: 250: 247: 243: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 203: 201: 197: 185: 184: 183: 180: 178: 177:Yazdegerd III 174: 170: 166: 161: 159: 154: 152: 148: 144: 143:al-Mutawakkil 141: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 104: 96: 93: 89: 86: 83: 79: 75: 71: 66: 60: 56: 52: 48: 42: 38: 31: 19: 3954:Saudi Arabia 3897:Copto-Arabic 3798:Saadi Yousef 3773:Safa Khulusi 3758:Hasan Tawfiq 3728:Alifa Rifaat 3723:Tahar Djaout 3623:Emile Habibi 3613:Sinan Antoon 3530:Contemporary 3515:Taha Hussein 3505:Jurji Zaydan 3485:Ahmed Shawqi 3430:Ameen Rihani 3279:Ibn al-Wardi 3166:al-Shushtari 3141:Umm Al-Kiram 3046:Ibn al-Abbar 3026:Al-Rukuniyya 2973:Ibn al-Nafis 2903:Al-Tha'alibi 2853:Ibn Qutaybah 2817: 2753:Al-Mutanabbi 2733:ibn al-Mahdi 2708:Ibn al-Farid 2663:ibn al-'Amid 2613:Ibn al-Ahnaf 2378:Hatim al-Tai 2308:Adi ibn Zayd 2205: 2179: 2167: 2154: 2138: 2122: 2109: 2098: 2087: 2069: 2055: 2038: 2009: 1995: 1974: 1947: 1938: 1911: 1888: 1880: 1870: 1843: 1830: 1816: 1799: 1787: 1775: 1766: 1757: 1747: 1736: 1718: 1707: 1696:Bibliography 1682: 1670: 1658: 1646: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1586: 1574: 1562: 1550: 1538: 1526: 1514: 1502: 1490: 1478: 1466: 1454: 1442: 1430: 1418: 1406: 1394: 1382: 1370: 1358: 1346: 1334: 1322: 1295: 1283: 1271: 1259: 1247: 1235: 1223: 1211: 1199: 1187: 1175: 1163: 1151: 1139: 1127: 1115: 1103: 1091: 1079: 1070: 1058: 1046: 1034: 1022: 1010: 998: 986: 974: 962: 950: 938: 926: 914: 902: 890: 878: 866: 839: 827: 815: 796: 787: 778: 769: 760: 751: 741: 733: 728: 718: 709: 700: 692: 687: 678: 669: 660: 651: 642: 633: 624: 616: 607: 598: 589: 581: 546: 523: 515: 491: 481: 479: 468: 446:The Letters; 441: 390:Consolation; 316: 301: 281:Abū ‘Ubaydah 274: 263: 251: 239: 230: 222: 204: 194: 181: 162: 157: 155: 116: 112: 102: 101: 3838:Fadwa Tuqan 3783:Ahmed Matar 3768:al-Jawahiri 3748:Amal Donqol 3743:Salah Jahin 3673:Tayeb Salih 3548:Yusuf Idris 3500:Farah Antun 3440:al-Kawakibi 3337:Hanna Diyab 3314:Ottoman era 3299:Ibn Khaldun 3269:Ibn Battuta 3181:Ibn al-Arif 3076:Ibn Khafaja 2858:Dik al-Jinn 2848:Al-Qasabani 2818:Al-Mubarrad 2803:Al-Farahidi 2773:Al-Armanazi 2713:Ibn al-Rumi 2693:Al-Isfahani 2668:Al-Hamadani 2633:Al-Mudabbir 2600:Abbasid era 2590:al-Mufaddal 2485:Al-Farazdaq 2443:Al-Munakhal 2338:Al-Shanfara 2323:Al-Hujayjah 2292:Pre-Islamic 1935:Brockelmann 1315:Flügel 1862 1300:Flügel 1862 1051:Flügel 1862 919:Flügel 1862 871:Wright 1869 746:al-Tawwazī. 512:al-Mu‘taḍid 333:The Garden; 113:al-Mobarrad 103:Al-Mubarrad 76:al-Mubarrad 4014:898 deaths 4009:826 births 4003:Categories 3929:Mauritania 3733:Ali Douagi 3653:Hanna Mina 3643:Al Gosaibi 3510:May Ziadeh 3425:Ahmad Rida 3390:El Baroudy 3322:Al-Nabulsi 3294:al-Nafzawi 3289:Ibn Nubata 3264:Ibn Manzur 3241:Mamluk era 3226:Ibn Tufayl 3216:Ibn Jubayr 3186:Ibn Wahbun 3171:Abu Madyan 3101:Ibn Zaydún 3096:Ibn Zamrak 3086:Ibn Quzman 3071:Ibn Juzayy 3066:Ibn Bassam 3036:Ibn Hamdis 3001:Abu Ja'far 2988:Al-Andalus 2978:Ibn 'Adlan 2923:Ibn Hayyus 2913:al-Tawhīdī 2908:Al-Daylami 2893:Al-Tughrai 2873:Ibn Bakkar 2808:Al-Shafi'i 2743:Al-Ma'arri 2718:Ibn Duraid 2628:Abu Tammam 2403:Al-Nabigha 2164:Wüstenfeld 2151:Wüstenfeld 2051:Wüstenfeld 2019:Courteille 1719:Al-Fihrist 1675:Yāqūt 1965 1663:Yāqūt 1965 1603:Yāqūt 1965 1579:Yāqūt 1965 1531:Yāqūt 1965 1495:Yāqūt 1965 1264:Yāqūt 1965 1192:Yāqūt 1965 1168:Yāqūt 1965 1039:Yāqūt 1965 967:Yāqūt 1965 844:Yāqūt 1965 820:Yāqūt 1965 808:References 617:Al-Fihrist 590:Al-Fihrist 534:Durustūyah 471:al-Zajjājī 345:Al-Qawāfī; 339:Etymology; 285:al-Tawwazī 200:al-Khazzāz 125:grammarian 81:Occupation 3944:Palestine 3793:al-Sayyab 3788:Al-Bayati 3259:Al-Busiri 3206:al-Fazazi 3191:Ibn Abdun 3161:Ibn Arabi 3151:Yusuf III 3146:Yusuf III 3136:Al-Tutili 3056:Ibn Amira 3021:Buthaina 3016:Ibn Ammar 2953:Al-Hallaj 2888:Niftawayh 2833:Al-Zahiri 2758:Abu Nuwas 2723:al-Zajjaj 2688:Al-Busiri 2648:Al-Asma'i 2540:Kuthayyir 2535:Al-Khansa 2462:Classical 2328:Al-Ḥurqah 2188:cite book 2178:(1959) . 2149:(1970) . 2133:(1927) . 2049:(1847) . 1983:780050572 1956:cite book 1920:cite book 1914:. Beirut. 1897:cite book 1883:(1869) . 1828:(1871) . 1814:(1868) . 1734:(1888) . 530:al-Khalīl 494:al-Zajjāj 475:al-Shāshī 283:, called 270:al-Aṣma’ī 266:al-Khalīl 242:al-Sarrāj 215:al-Māzinī 191:Biography 173:Shahrbanu 3887:Djibouti 3603:Said Akl 3196:Avempace 3176:al-Rundi 3156:Ibn Hazm 3091:Ibn Sahl 3061:Ibn Baqi 2938:Al Uyuni 2768:Shāriyah 2763:Al-Jahiz 2398:Mu'aqqir 2368:Al-A'sha 2180:Al-A'lām 2083:de Goeje 2081:(1901). 2067:(1909). 2033:(1970). 2007:(1871). 1950:. Cairo. 1948:Al-Kamil 1912:Al-Kamil 1889:Al-Kamil 1798:(1858). 1786:(1959). 1705:(1862). 734:Al-Kāmil 506:‘Abbāsid 498:al-Qāsim 258:Muḥallim 235:al-Yaman 227:al-Jarmī 211:al-Jarmī 165:Sībawayh 158:Al-Kāmil 18:Mubarrad 3974:Tunisia 3959:Somalia 3934:Morocco 3919:Lebanon 3882:Comoros 3877:Bahrain 3872:Algeria 3648:Echebbi 3201:al-Baji 3131:Qasmuna 2993:Maghreb 2883:Al-Suli 2683:Buhturi 2037:(ed.). 2015:Meynard 1887:(ed.). 1869:(ed.). 1724:Leipzig 1074:n-group 538:Rummānī 520:Tha‘lab 504:of the 486:Dhakwān 151:Baghdād 147:Samarra 137:Abbasid 127:of the 65:Baghdad 3979:U.A.E. 3914:Kuwait 3909:Jordan 3568:Adunis 3370:Modern 3327:Fuzûlî 3126:Nazhun 2418:Tarafa 2025:, 319. 1991:Wright 1981:  1971:Wright 1804:Flugel 695:Yaqut. 593:known. 588:MS of 586:Beatty 509:caliph 502:vizier 500:, the 458:": --> 219:al-Azd 207:Sīrāfī 169:tafsir 140:caliph 121:Baṣrah 115:), or 108:المبرد 3984:Yemen 3969:Syria 3964:Sudan 3949:Qatar 3924:Libya 3892:Egypt 3382:Nahda 3121:Muhya 2863:‘Inān 2383:Labīd 1865:. In 613:Dodge 573:Notes 552:, al- 550:Jāḥiẓ 322:Works 277:Jarīr 225:with 47:Basra 3939:Oman 3904:Iraq 2991:and 2194:link 1979:OCLC 1962:link 1926:link 1903:link 562:Qāḍī 554:Fatḥ 460:edit 244:and 223:Book 58:Died 40:Born 2257:Old 2023:302 693:see 560:al- 548:al- 528:of 145:at 111:) ( 91:Era 4005:: 2190:}} 2186:{{ 1958:}} 1954:{{ 1922:}} 1918:{{ 1899:}} 1895:{{ 1850:; 1307:^ 851:^ 213:, 179:. 49:, 2236:e 2229:t 2222:v 2196:) 1964:) 1928:) 1905:) 873:. 464:] 105:( 20:)

Index

Mubarrad
Basra
Abbasid Caliphate
Baghdad
Grammarian of Basra
Islamic Golden Age
Baṣrah
grammarian
School of Basra
School of Kufa
Abbasid
caliph
al-Mutawakkil
Samarra
Baghdād
Sībawayh
tafsir
Shahrbanu
Yazdegerd III
Ishaq Al-Nadīm
al-Khazzāz
Sīrāfī
al-Jarmī
al-Māzinī
al-Azd
al-Jarmī
al-Yaman
al-Sarrāj
Abū ‘Ali al-Ṣaffār
Muḥallim

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