307:, 'Aziz Shihada, Sa’id Baidas and Francis Jelad to win a role for the independent refugee delegation at the Rhodes armistice talks in February 1949 and the subsequent Lausanne talks was an early demonstration of the weakness of the Palestinian Arab people to replace the previous leadership structure destroyed by the collapse of the Palestinian society during the 1948 conflict. Although efforts were made to gain formal recognition of the GRC as a negotiating body and political representative of the Palestinian people. The Jordanian Government gradually marginalized the GRC until it withered away. Leaving Palestinian society fractured and fragmented.
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330:. Al-Hawari acting as their lawyer was instrumental in gaining the right of return for the men of Iqrit. On 31 July 1951 the Israeli courts recognized the rights of the villagers to their land and their right to return to it. The court said the land was not abandoned and therefore could not be placed under the custodian of enemy property.
295:
a plan that Israel should accept 400,000 refugees to return to
Palestine/Israel. A-Hawari put forward the argument that the Arab states did not want the refugees, would not assimilate them and that masses of refugees living on the cease fire lines, stateless and impoverished would give Israel nothing
233:, a paramilitary armed movement. Al-Hawari was in command of the militia in the defence of Jaffa until he fled in the mass exodus of Palestinians in late December 1947. Al-Hawari fled from Jaffa to
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In 1955, Muhammad Nimr Al-Hawari wrote and published a significant historic book titled, Sir Al-Nakba . As well as his native Arabic, Al-Hawari was fluent in
English and Hebrew.
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but grief. In June 1949 Al-Hawari contacted the
Israeli Government suggesting an early solution to the refugee problem with 2 alternative plans; to create an independent
223:
where he resigned his government position in 1942. On his resignation, he returned to practicing law in Jaffa. Al-Hawari started his career as a devoted follower of
227:
but broke with the influential
Husseini family in the early 1940s. Muhammad Nimr Al-Hawari, during the termination of the British mandate, formed and commanded
673:
Avi Shlaim (1988 reprinted 2004) "The
Politics of Partition; King Abdullah, The Zionists, and Palestine 1921–1951 Oxford University Press
549:
Avi Shlaim (1988 reprinted 2004) "The
Politics of Partition; King Abdullah, The Zionists, and Palestine 1921–1951 Oxford University Press
291:
At informal meetings at the
Lausanne peace talks during May 1949, Al-Hawari as head of the Palestinian refugee delegation put forward to
740:
516:
496:
Yezid Sayigh (1999) "Armed
Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement 1949–1993" Oxford University Press
663:
Yezid Sayigh (1999) Armed
Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement 1949–1993. Oxford University Press
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Yezid Sayigh (1999) Armed
Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement 1949–1993. Oxford University Press
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Haim Levenberg (1993) "Military preparations of the Arab community in Palestine, 1945–1948: 1945–1948" Routledge
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Haim Levenberg (1993) "Military preparations of the Arab community in Palestine, 1945–1948: 1945–1948" Routledge
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sought the aid of Al-Hawari in early 1950 to strengthen the Mufti's political position, A-Hawari did not comply.
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Al-Hawari was involved with the first legal action against the state of Israel in 1951 on behalf of 5 men of
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and chairman of the Association of Government second-division officers. He was transferred to
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276:(GRC) occurred on 17 March 1949 in Ramallah where al-Hawari was elected as president with
8:
616:
Benny Morris (2004) "Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited" Cambridge Press
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Benny Morris (2008) 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War. Yale University Press
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479:
Benny Morris (2004) "Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited" Cambridge Press
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Benny Morris (2004) "Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited" Cambridge Press
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Ilan Pappé (1992) "The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1947–1951" I B Tauris
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Ilan Pappé (1992) "The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1947–1951" I B Tauris
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130:
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Avi Plascov (1981), "The Palestinian refugees in Jordan 1948–1957" Routledge
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Avi Plascov (1981), "The Palestinian refugees in Jordan 1948–1957" Routledge
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39:
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Ilan Pappé, (2006) The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine Oneworld publications
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Ilan Pappé, (2006) The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine Oneworld publications
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Joseph L. Ryan, S.J. "Refugees within Israel: The Case of the Villages of
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affairs. Hawari returned to Palestine and years later became judge in the
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representation, invited Al-Hawari to come and appear before the PCC.
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and Iqrit" Journal of Palestinian studies 2, no. 4 (Sum. 73): 55–81.
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administration as chief interpreter in the district court of
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Yoav Gelber (2006) Palestine 1948, Sussex Academic Press,
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The Social, Economic, and Political Context after 1948
569:"Refugees within Israel: The Case of the Villages of
345:(The Secret Behind the Disaster), Nazareth – 1955
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691:Reference to "the late Muhammad Nimr al-Hawari"
211:, graduating in 1939. Al-Hawari served in the
387:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War
284:(PCC) hoping to gain a degree of independent
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237:in December 1947. Al-Hawari together with
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303:The failure of the attempt by al-Hawari,
54:President of the General Refugee Congress
573:and Iqrit" in 2, no. 4 (Sum. 73): 55–81.
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241:(also spelt Shehadeh) a lawyer from
280:and 'Aziz Shihada as deputies. The
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300:or annex the West Bank to Israel.
16:Palestinian politician (1908–1984)
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282:Palestine Conciliation Commission
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65:17 March 1949 – Unknown
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514:Why Palestinian Nationalism?
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44:Muhammad al-Hawari in 1947
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311:All Palestine Government
274:General Refugee Congress
268:General Refugee Congress
245:opened an office in the
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726:Arab citizens of Israel
716:Palestinian politicians
189:Muhammad Nimr al-Hawari
23:Muhammad Nimr al-Hawari
736:1948 Arab–Israeli War
731:People from Nazareth
567:Joseph L. Ryan, S.J.
385:Benny Morris (2008)
328:the village of Iqrit
207:who studied law in
143:Mandatory Palestine
696:2011-09-05 at the
519:2011-05-21 at the
639:978-1-85168-467-0
612:978-0-300-12696-9
592:978-1-84519-075-0
555:978-0-19-829459-7
451:978-1-85168-467-0
395:978-0-300-12696-9
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107:(1984-07-11)
105:11 July 1984
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746:1908 births
701:(in Arabic)
628:Kafr Bir'im
571:Kafr Bir'im
286:Palestinian
205:Palestinian
119:Citizenship
710:Categories
685:References
230:al-Najjada
177:Al-Najjada
557:, p. 391.
350:Footnotes
247:West Bank
209:Jerusalem
173:Known for
61:In office
694:Archived
517:Archived
487:, p. 559
436:, p. 111
419:, p. 223
373:, p. 129
259:Nazareth
243:Ramallah
235:Ramallah
201:Nazareth
114:, Israel
112:Nazareth
92:Nazareth
540:, p. 36
504:, p. 35
470:, p. 20
453:, p.122
340:Sir al-
251:refugee
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203:-born
193:Arabic
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342:Nakba
322:Iqrit
316:Egypt
221:Haifa
217:Jaffa
675:ISBN
665:ISBN
655:ISBN
645:ISBN
635:ISBN
618:ISBN
608:ISBN
598:ISBN
588:ISBN
551:ISBN
534:ISBN
498:ISBN
481:ISBN
464:ISBN
447:ISBN
430:ISBN
413:ISBN
391:ISBN
367:ISBN
249:for
102:Died
86:1908
82:1908
79:Born
257:of
712::
402:^
378:^
358:^
261:.
195::
94:,
191:(
88:)
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