830:
928:
741:
787:
765:
1003:
956:
165:
148:
299:, as Prime Minister. Bitar appointed Sufi as Defense Minister, although most of the cabinet's portfolio's were primarily assigned to Ba'athists and other loyalists. Tensions began to develop between the Nasserists and the Ba'athists towards the end of month and increased tremendously when the former viewed the latter as reneging on a unity agreement signed with Egypt and
319:, Sufi was arrested and tried in a military court which sentenced him to life imprisonment for alleged participation in anti-government activity. He was released in December 1964, as part of wider amnesty decree that also saw Alwan, Maarri and other alleged conspirators released and exiled. Sufi left Syria sometime after.
275:, the Nasserists, who were the largest single faction among the unionist officers and maintained a significant level of popular support due to their association with President Nasser, likely feared being sidelined by the Ba'athists and the independents should the coup have gone as planned. Nonetheless, the
270:
While it was eventually decided that the planned coup be implemented on 9 March, Sufi and
Qutaini proposed to Hariri on 5 March that the plan be postponed until 11 March. Their stated intention to further ensure unionist control over more army units so as to avoid any violence during the coup. Their
525:
279:
was not delayed and was launched earlier on the night of 7 March, succeeding by the morning 8 March. Sufi and
Qutaini were taken off guard and rushed to join the insurrection, playing relatively minor roles.
303:
on 17 April. The situation culminated with a mass purging of
Nasserist officers beginning on 28 April, prompting Sufi to resign from the defense ministry and the NCRC in protest. He had been in
331:, who had been a member of the Ba'athist Military Committee at the time of Sufi's resignation. The period marked an opening for Syrian political exiles. After his return, Sufi founded the
795:
247:(a union with Egypt) in 1961. He was not alone and by mid-1962 a loose unionist coalition was formed among officer corps bringing together Nasserists, led by Sufi and
979:
908:
893:
853:
248:
271:
non-Nasserist counterparts viewed this as an attempt by Sufi and the
Nasserists to launch their own coup at a later time and according to Syria expert
1021:
1026:
284:
1031:
714:
927:
829:
366:
740:
1117:
396:
682:
607:
564:
1107:
773:
585:
332:
786:
707:
674:
654:
630:
820:
276:
196:
1127:
1122:
723:
200:
43:
644:
252:
465:
700:
764:
1112:
497:
311:
when he declared his resignation. Following a failed coup attempt by
Nasserists led by colonels
211:
rivals in the military and departed the political scene before returning to Syria in the 1990s.
1002:
955:
731:
481:
220:
1102:
1097:
1066:
918:
244:
8:
1071:
898:
848:
858:
358:
296:
288:
240:
66:
1076:
964:
863:
810:
805:
800:
754:
678:
668:
650:
626:
619:
603:
581:
560:
272:
575:
1056:
936:
873:
838:
292:
184:
1051:
1041:
1036:
1016:
974:
903:
888:
883:
868:
749:
328:
316:
260:
256:
88:
692:
388:
1091:
1061:
1046:
969:
843:
664:
595:
264:
192:
168:
470:. Alumni Association of the American University of Beirut. 1963. p. 7.
312:
208:
120:
259:. The unionists planned a coup to toppled the secessionist government of
236:
878:
327:
Sufi was invited back to Syria in the spring of 1990 by then-President
621:
Sovereign
Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq
389:"Syrian History - The graduation class of the Military Academy - 1948"
204:
164:
557:
287:(NCRC), which was dominated by the Ba'athists. The NCRC had chosen
308:
116:
304:
989:
946:
232:
228:
153:
223:, and in the early 1960s he served as the army's brigade in
300:
224:
600:
Steel & Silk: Men and Women who shaped Syria 1900–2000
283:
The new government took place under the leadership of the
526:"وزير الدفاع الاسبق محمد الصوفي - التاريخ السوري المعاصر"
646:
Syria Under the Baʻth, 1963-66: The Army Party
Symbiosis
618:
203:between March and May of that year. Politically a
214:
1089:
722:
670:Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East
511:
509:
285:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
708:
506:
715:
701:
642:
502:. Arab News Agency. July 1964. p. 78.
424:
422:
338:Sufi died in Latakia on 19 November 2018.
594:
573:
554:
243:, he opposed Syria's secession from the
191:; 1927 – 19 November 2018) was a Syrian
577:Syria and the Middle East Peace Process
419:
1090:
696:
663:
616:
353:
351:
369:from the original on 9 December 2017
291:as president and co-founder of the
188:
13:
1001:
954:
926:
828:
785:
739:
348:
322:
255:and political independents led by
56:8 March 1963 – 2 May 1963
14:
1139:
763:
580:. Council on Foreign Relations.
219:In 1948 Sufi graduated from the
163:
146:
547:
518:
490:
399:from the original on 2016-03-03
333:Nasserite Democratic Arab Party
675:University of California Press
474:
458:
449:
440:
431:
410:
381:
215:Career and role in 1963 events
1:
555:Choueiri, Youssef M. (2010).
341:
130:19 November 2018 (aged 90–91)
996:post 1963 Syrian coup d'état
625:. Cornell University Press.
446:Choueiri, 2010, pp. 111-112.
437:Rabinovich, 1972, pp. 47-48.
7:
1118:Syrian ministers of defense
724:Syrian Ministers of Defense
643:Rabinovich, Itamar (1972).
574:Drysdale, Alasdair (1991).
10:
1144:
649:. Transaction Publishers.
515:Drysdale, 1991, pp. 38-39.
988:
945:
917:
819:
772:
761:
730:
235:'s president and leading
231:. A staunch supporter of
195:who played a role in the
174:
159:
141:
136:
126:
103:
98:
94:
82:
72:
60:
49:
41:
37:
28:
21:
1108:Syrian Arab nationalists
416:Rabinovich, 1972, p. 45.
251:, Ba'athists led by the
29:
790:French Mandate of Syria
774:French Mandate of Syria
197:1963 Syrian coup d'état
1007:
960:
947:Second Syrian Republic
932:
834:
821:Second Syrian Republic
791:
745:
207:, he was sidelined by
199:and briefly served as
78:Abdul Karim Zahreddine
1005:
958:
930:
832:
789:
780:post established 1932
743:
617:Mufti, Malik (1996).
530:Syrian Modern History
486:. 1963. p. 5554.
393:www.syrianhistory.com
221:Homs Military Academy
1006:Syrian Arab Republic
990:Syrian Arab Republic
959:Syrian Arab Republic
931:United Arab Republic
919:United Arab Republic
833:Syrian Arab Republic
428:Mufti, 1996, p. 146.
359:"الفريق محمد الصوفي"
245:United Arab Republic
1128:People from Latakia
455:Seale, 1990, p. 82.
44:Minister of Defense
1123:Syrian politicians
1008:
961:
933:
835:
792:
746:
297:Salah al-Din Bitar
253:Military Committee
241:Gamal Abdel Nasser
67:Salah al-Din Bitar
1085:
1084:
637:Alwan Syria 1962.
596:Moubayed, Sami M.
467:Middle East Forum
273:Itamar Rabinovich
249:Rashid al-Qutaini
178:
177:
16:Syrian politician
1135:
767:
744:Kingdom of Syria
732:Kingdom of Syria
717:
710:
703:
694:
693:
688:
660:
639:
624:
613:
591:
570:
541:
540:
538:
536:
522:
516:
513:
504:
503:
494:
488:
487:
478:
472:
471:
462:
456:
453:
447:
444:
438:
435:
429:
426:
417:
414:
408:
407:
405:
404:
385:
379:
378:
376:
374:
355:
201:Defense Minister
190:
181:Muhammad al-Sufi
167:
152:
150:
149:
137:Military service
114:
112:
99:Personal details
85:
75:
63:
54:
32:
23:Muhammad al-Sufi
19:
18:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1113:Syrian generals
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
994:
992:
984:
949:
941:
921:
913:
823:
815:
778:
776:
768:
759:
734:
726:
721:
691:
685:
657:
633:
610:
588:
567:
550:
545:
544:
534:
532:
524:
523:
519:
514:
507:
496:
495:
491:
480:
479:
475:
464:
463:
459:
454:
450:
445:
441:
436:
432:
427:
420:
415:
411:
402:
400:
387:
386:
382:
372:
370:
357:
356:
349:
344:
325:
323:Return to Syria
289:Lu'ay al-Atassi
217:
147:
145:
131:
115:
110:
108:
83:
73:
61:
55:
50:
33:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1141:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1000:
998:
993:(1963–Present)
986:
985:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
953:
951:
943:
942:
940:
939:
925:
923:
915:
914:
912:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
827:
825:
817:
816:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
784:
782:
770:
769:
762:
760:
758:
757:
752:
738:
736:
728:
727:
720:
719:
712:
705:
697:
690:
689:
684:978-0520069763
683:
665:Seale, Patrick
661:
655:
640:
631:
614:
609:978-1885942418
608:
602:. Cune Press.
592:
586:
571:
566:978-0826498014
565:
551:
549:
546:
543:
542:
517:
505:
499:Mideast Mirror
489:
483:Asian Recorder
473:
457:
448:
439:
430:
418:
409:
380:
346:
345:
343:
340:
329:Hafez al-Assad
324:
321:
317:Raef al-Maarri
261:Nazim al-Kudsi
257:Ziad al-Hariri
216:
213:
176:
175:
172:
171:
161:
157:
156:
143:
139:
138:
134:
133:
132:Latakia, Syria
128:
124:
123:
105:
101:
100:
96:
95:
92:
91:
89:Ziad al-Hariri
86:
80:
79:
76:
70:
69:
64:
62:Prime Minister
58:
57:
47:
46:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1140:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
997:
991:
987:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
957:
952:
948:
944:
938:
935:
934:
929:
924:
920:
916:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
831:
826:
822:
818:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
788:
783:
781:
775:
771:
766:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
718:
713:
711:
706:
704:
699:
698:
695:
686:
680:
676:
672:
671:
666:
662:
658:
652:
648:
647:
641:
638:
634:
628:
623:
622:
615:
611:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
587:9780876091050
583:
579:
578:
572:
568:
562:
559:. Continuum.
558:
553:
552:
531:
527:
521:
512:
510:
501:
500:
493:
485:
484:
477:
469:
468:
461:
452:
443:
434:
425:
423:
413:
398:
394:
390:
384:
368:
365:(in Arabic).
364:
360:
354:
352:
347:
339:
336:
334:
330:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
278:
274:
268:
266:
265:Khalid al-Azm
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:field marshal
186:
182:
173:
170:
169:Field Marshal
166:
162:
158:
155:
144:
140:
135:
129:
125:
122:
118:
106:
102:
97:
93:
90:
87:
81:
77:
71:
68:
65:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
36:
27:
20:
1011:
995:
859:al-Sharabati
779:
669:
645:
636:
620:
599:
576:
556:
548:Bibliography
533:. Retrieved
529:
520:
498:
492:
482:
476:
466:
460:
451:
442:
433:
412:
401:. Retrieved
392:
383:
371:. Retrieved
362:
337:
326:
313:Jassem Alwan
293:Ba'ath Party
282:
269:
218:
180:
179:
121:French Syria
84:Succeeded by
51:
1103:2018 deaths
1098:1927 births
950:(1961–1963)
922:(1958–1961)
899:al-Dawalibi
824:(1946–1958)
777:(1920–1946)
237:pan-Arabist
189:محمد الصوفي
74:Preceded by
31:محمد الصوفي
1092:Categories
980:Zahreddine
965:al-Kuzbari
874:al-Hawrani
839:Mardam Bey
811:al-Bukhari
801:al-Quwatli
656:0706512669
632:0801431689
403:2022-12-29
373:9 December
363:mod.gov.sy
342:References
227:, central
142:Allegiance
1017:al-Hariri
904:al-Ghazzi
889:al-Khatib
849:al-Jabiri
806:al-Ayyubi
796:al-Atrash
209:Ba'athist
205:Nasserist
52:In office
1067:al-Freij
1052:Turkmani
1042:al-Assad
864:al-Za'im
854:al-'Azma
755:al-'Azma
750:al-Ulshi
667:(1990).
598:(2006).
397:Archived
367:Archived
1012:al-Sufi
975:Barmada
970:al-Nuss
894:Khankan
884:Barmada
535:24 July
309:Lebanon
117:Latakia
109: (
1072:Ayyoub
1062:Rajiha
1057:Mahmud
909:Raslan
844:al-Azm
735:(1920)
681:
653:
629:
606:
584:
563:
305:Beirut
185:Arabic
151:
1077:Abbas
1047:Tlass
1037:Umran
1032:Ubayd
1027:Jaber
1022:Ziade
869:Atfeh
233:Egypt
229:Syria
154:Syria
937:Amer
879:Selu
679:ISBN
651:ISBN
627:ISBN
604:ISBN
582:ISBN
561:ISBN
537:2022
375:2017
315:and
301:Iraq
277:coup
263:and
225:Homs
160:Rank
127:Died
111:1927
107:1927
104:Born
42:5th
1094::
677:.
673:.
635:.
528:.
508:^
421:^
395:.
391:.
361:.
350:^
335:.
307:,
295:,
267:.
239:,
187::
119:,
716:e
709:t
702:v
687:.
659:.
612:.
590:.
569:.
539:.
406:.
377:.
183:(
113:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
