20:
644:
257:
464:
379:
287:
354:
435:
407:
554:
200:
229:
91:
were the titles given to these rulers of the ancient confederation. Neither exercised absolute power, not rigid or strict control over those to whom they owed their power, so that they can be considered kings. However, these positions of power were of great honor and were surrounded by a rather
100:
needed to spit, someone would hold out a piece of rich cloth for him to spit on, because it would be sacrilegious for anything so precious as his saliva to touch the ground. Whoever held the cloth (all the while carefully looking the other way) then carried it off to be reverently disposed of.
154:. Instead, the king was succeeded by his nephew, the oldest son of his oldest sister. There were exceptions, and the ruler's subjects, apparently, had some say in the matter, if only to confirm the successor in his post.
816:
1798:
108:
was also given the responsibility of offering gold to the gods. He would cover himself with gold and float out on a royal barge to the middle of the
1852:
988:
806:
1622:
1025:
1778:
744:
1632:
863:
710:
454:
276:
1538:
1289:
1769:
1809:
943:
1727:
993:
918:
1707:
34:
935:
657:
1742:
1732:
998:
948:
123:
1819:
1526:
953:
607:
983:
737:
96:
was such that not even the members of the nobility dared to look him in the face, and it is said if the
1466:
958:
694:
1383:
824:
1824:
1737:
761:
774:
1677:
1672:
963:
779:
1297:
1216:
1175:
1117:
1035:
973:
1847:
1702:
1667:
730:
1814:
1722:
1662:
1329:
1712:
1697:
1302:
1307:
1168:
794:
398:
248:
1687:
1364:
1092:
905:
667:
115:, where he would offer up golden trinkets. This is widely believed to be how the legend of
49:
1647:
8:
1757:
1657:
1652:
1048:
1317:
1043:
1020:
968:
426:
1692:
1595:
1573:
1312:
1249:
836:
769:
706:
1637:
1234:
1013:
1003:
789:
1717:
1546:
1371:
1124:
1102:
1065:
1322:
1642:
1415:
1163:
1138:
1112:
1070:
649:
264:
1334:
784:
1610:
1588:
1578:
1556:
1551:
1339:
1157:
1087:
1075:
892:
112:
1747:
1841:
1762:
1752:
1600:
1493:
1107:
1008:
884:
753:
702:
662:
496:
386:
319:
165:
150:
The position of the ruler was inherited, but the line of succession was not
1583:
1566:
1561:
1420:
1349:
1344:
1224:
1152:
1097:
878:
801:
294:
19:
1194:
1682:
1605:
1354:
1274:
1058:
151:
109:
1521:
1405:
1080:
627:
508:
207:
1788:
1503:
1488:
1279:
1264:
1254:
1053:
858:
442:
361:
1269:
1199:
1498:
1359:
1259:
1130:
873:
414:
116:
1483:
1410:
1229:
853:
323:
236:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1180:
978:
587:
578:
561:
504:
45:
256:
1516:
1456:
1451:
1244:
848:
622:
618:
545:
534:
500:
463:
378:
1508:
868:
471:
286:
1239:
434:
353:
1428:
1400:
1395:
1204:
1144:
573:
219:
169:
73:
69:
59:
41:
26:
406:
1478:
553:
199:
30:
228:
722:
639:
145:
1839:
68:was the ruler of the northern area and based in
58:was the ruler of the southern part and based in
693:
738:
126:arrived in the Muisca territories the ruling
48:highlands, the region was organized into the
745:
731:
689:
687:
685:
683:
699:Colombia: Una naciĂłn a pesar de sĂ misma
92:elaborate ceremony. The position of the
18:
1853:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
680:
372:According to legend slept with a snake
1840:
726:
16:Tribal rulers in pre-Spanish Colombia
13:
552:
462:
433:
405:
377:
352:
285:
255:
227:
198:
14:
1864:
1026:Conquest of the Chibchan Nations
701:(in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia:
642:
146:Non-patrilineal heritage of rule
488:
79:
658:Spanish conquest of the Muisca
279:arrived in modern-day Colombia
1:
989:Pedro Fernández de Valenzuela
673:
1527:Diego de Torres y Moyachoque
608:Diego de Torres y Moyachoque
52:, which had two rulers; the
23:Map of the Muisca territory;
7:
635:
482:Last southern Muisca ruler
10:
1869:
999:Bartolomé Camacho Zambrano
994:Ortún Velázquez de Velasco
752:
124:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
1621:
1537:
1465:
1382:
1288:
1215:
1034:
1021:Battle of Tocarema (1538)
984:Miguel HolguĂn y Figueroa
934:
815:
760:
495:
318:
164:
775:Altiplano Cundiboyacense
157:
311:
44:arrived in the central
35:Independent territories
557:
467:
438:
425:Introduced the brutal
410:
382:
357:
290:
260:
232:
203:
37:
959:Gonzalo Suárez Rendón
944:List of conquistadors
556:
466:
437:
409:
381:
356:
289:
259:
231:
202:
22:
668:Muisca Confederation
457:arrived in Colombia
50:Muisca Confederation
1770:Research institutes
1318:Goranchacha Temple
974:Juan de San MartĂn
969:Baltasar Maldonado
949:Gonzalo de Quesada
705:. pp. 26–27.
558:
468:
439:
411:
399:Battle of Chocontá
383:
358:
305:Last Muisca ruler
291:
261:
249:Battle of Chocontá
233:
204:
38:
1835:
1834:
1738:Reichel-Dolmatoff
1313:Cojines del Zaque
954:Hernán de Quesada
807:Flora & fauna
712:978-958-42-1729-5
633:
632:
486:
485:
309:
308:
72:, known today as
1860:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1633:List of scholars
1596:Cariban-speaking
1547:Chibcha-speaking
1372:Tequendama Falls
1169:Chocontá (~1490)
964:Juan de CĂ©spedes
927:
915:
901:
845:
842:10,000 - 2800 BP
833:
747:
740:
733:
724:
723:
717:
716:
691:
652:
647:
646:
645:
493:
492:
316:
315:
218:Founded city of
162:
161:
85:Zipa (Psihipqua)
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1626:and collections
1625:
1617:
1574:Arawak-speaking
1533:
1461:
1416:Quemuenchatocha
1378:
1284:
1211:
1189:The Salt People
1030:
930:
921:
909:
908:
895:
839:
827:
811:
756:
751:
721:
720:
713:
695:Bushnell, David
692:
681:
676:
650:Colombia portal
648:
643:
641:
638:
491:
453:Ruled when the
314:
280:
275:Ruled when the
265:Quemuenchatocha
160:
148:
82:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1866:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1658:De Castellanos
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1014:MartĂn Galeano
1011:
1006:
1004:Gonzalo MacĂas
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
940:
938:
932:
931:
929:
928:
916:
904:
902:
890:
889:
888:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
834:
821:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
799:
798:
797:
792:
787:
782:
772:
766:
764:
758:
757:
750:
749:
742:
735:
727:
719:
718:
711:
678:
677:
675:
672:
671:
670:
665:
660:
654:
653:
637:
634:
631:
630:
616:
613:
610:
605:
602:
601:
594:
592:
590:
585:
582:
581:
569:
566:
564:
559:
549:
548:
544:Last ruler of
542:
539:
537:
532:
529:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
512:
511:
490:
487:
484:
483:
480:
477:
474:
469:
459:
458:
451:
448:
445:
440:
430:
429:
427:Nemequene Code
423:
420:
417:
412:
402:
401:
395:
392:
389:
384:
374:
373:
370:
367:
364:
359:
349:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
332:
331:
313:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
292:
282:
281:
273:
270:
267:
262:
252:
251:
245:
242:
239:
234:
224:
223:
216:
213:
210:
205:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
178:
177:
159:
156:
147:
144:
113:Lake Guatavita
81:
78:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1865:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Muisca rulers
1846:
1845:
1843:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:Museo del Oro
1813:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1774:Publications
1773:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:De Piedrahita
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Saguamanchica
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:HunzahĂşa Well
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1164:Pasca (~1470)
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Luis Lanchero
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
945:
942:
941:
939:
937:
933:
925:
920:
919:Cabildo Mayor
917:
913:
907:
906:Confederation
903:
899:
894:
891:
887:
886:
885:El Infiernito
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
843:
838:
835:
831:
830:<10,000 BP
826:
823:
822:
820:
818:
814:
808:
805:
803:
800:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:Eastern Hills
778:
777:
776:
773:
771:
768:
767:
765:
763:
759:
755:
748:
743:
741:
736:
734:
729:
728:
725:
714:
708:
704:
700:
696:
690:
688:
686:
684:
679:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
651:
640:
629:
625:
624:
620:
617:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
603:
599:
595:
593:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:
580:
576:
575:
570:
567:
565:
563:
560:
555:
551:
550:
547:
543:
540:
538:
536:
533:
531:
530:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
513:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
481:
478:
475:
473:
470:
465:
461:
460:
456:
452:
449:
446:
444:
441:
436:
432:
431:
428:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
408:
404:
403:
400:
396:
393:
390:
388:
387:Saguamanchica
385:
380:
376:
375:
371:
368:
365:
363:
360:
355:
351:
350:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
304:
301:
298:
296:
293:
288:
284:
283:
278:
274:
271:
268:
266:
263:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
238:
235:
230:
226:
225:
221:
217:
214:
211:
209:
206:
201:
197:
196:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
155:
153:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
111:
107:
102:
99:
95:
90:
86:
77:
75:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
43:
36:
32:
28:
21:
1797:
1787:
1777:
1515:
1477:
1468:
1450:
1427:
1421:Aquiminzaque
1394:
1385:
1290:Sacred sites
1225:Chiminigagua
1188:
1187:
1143:
1129:
1049:Architecture
979:Lázaro Fonte
923:
912:~1450 - 1540
911:
898:800 BC - 800
897:
883:
879:Lake Herrera
864:P. del Tunjo
841:
829:
802:Tenza Valley
785:Bogotá River
770:Ocetá Páramo
698:
621:
600:of Sugamuxi
597:
596:Second-last
572:
489:Other rulers
397:Died in the
327:
295:Aquiminzaque
247:Died in the
222:, now Tunja
173:
149:
139:
135:
131:
127:
121:
105:
103:
97:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:Organization
64:
63:
54:
53:
39:
1308:Moon Temple
1275:Chibafruime
1162:Battles of
1044:Agriculture
152:patrilineal
89:Zaque (Hoa)
1842:Categories
1789:El Carnero
1758:Uricoechea
1733:De Quesada
1539:Neighbours
1504:Tisquesusa
1489:Meicuchuca
1303:Sun Temple
1280:Guahaioque
1265:Nencatacoa
1255:Chibchacum
1103:Muysccubun
859:Tequendama
825:Prehistory
674:References
499:rulers of
443:Tisquesusa
362:Meicuchuca
322:rulers of
168:rulers of
1743:Schrimpff
1713:Langebaek
1708:Izquierdo
1653:Broadbent
1643:De Aguado
1499:Nemequene
1467:Southern
1384:Northern
1340:Guatavita
1260:Cuchavira
1195:Zipaquirá
1131:El Dorado
1066:Astronomy
874:Aguazuque
762:Geography
415:Nemequene
119:started.
117:El Dorado
46:Colombian
40:When the
1820:Sogamoso
1703:Humboldt
1673:Duquesne
1623:Research
1522:Turmequé
1469:caciques
1444:Sugamuxi
1439:Nompanim
1406:HunzahĂşa
1386:caciques
1181:Zoratama
1139:Religion
1118:Toponyms
1113:Numerals
1071:Calendar
936:Conquest
924:>2002
795:Wetlands
697:(2012).
636:See also
628:Turmequé
588:Nompanim
579:Sugamuxi
562:Sugamuxi
527:Details
509:Turmequé
505:Sugamuxi
347:Details
208:HunzahĂşa
193:Details
140:Eucaneme
134:and the
60:Muyquytá
25:Showing
1799:EpĂtome
1779:ElegĂas
1718:De Lugo
1668:Correal
1611:Yarigui
1589:Guayupe
1579:Achagua
1557:Sutagao
1517:cacique
1457:Tundama
1452:tundama
1365:Monster
1345:Iguaque
1335:FĂşquene
1330:Natural
1270:Chaquén
1250:Huitaca
1245:Bochica
1217:Deities
1200:NemocĂłn
1158:Warfare
1093:Mummies
1088:Economy
1076:Cuisine
893:Herrera
849:El Abra
817:History
790:Savanna
703:Planeta
623:cacique
619:Mestizo
546:Tundama
535:Tundama
501:Tundama
455:Spanish
277:Spanish
42:Spanish
1803:(1889)
1793:(1638)
1783:(1589)
1753:Triana
1723:Ocampo
1698:Hammen
1688:Gamboa
1683:Friede
1678:Freyle
1648:Arango
1638:Acosta
1601:Panche
1509:Sagipa
1484:Bacatá
1434:Suamox
1411:Michuá
1355:Suesca
1350:Siecha
1230:Bachué
1081:Chicha
1036:Topics
869:Checua
854:TibitĂł
837:Lithic
754:Muisca
709:
663:Muisca
568:-1539
541:-1539
521:Start
515:Image
497:Muisca
472:Sagipa
341:Start
335:Image
324:Bacatá
320:Muisca
237:Michuá
187:Start
181:Image
174:Zaques
166:Muisca
132:Bogotá
110:sacred
62:. The
33:, and
1825:Pasca
1810:Musea
1763:Zerda
1748:SimĂłn
1693:Groot
1663:Celis
1584:Tegua
1567:Lache
1562:Guane
1429:iraca
1401:Hunza
1396:zaque
1298:Built
1205:Tausa
1176:Women
1145:Tunjo
1125:Myths
1098:Music
615:1590
612:1571
598:iraca
574:iraca
571:Last
518:Name
479:1539
476:1537
450:1537
447:1514
422:1514
419:1490
394:1490
391:1470
369:1470
366:1450
338:Name
328:Zipas
302:1539
299:1537
272:1537
269:1490
244:1490
241:1470
220:Hunza
215:1470
184:Name
170:Hunza
158:Zaque
136:Zaque
122:When
74:Tunja
70:Hunza
65:Zaque
27:Zaque
1606:Muzo
1552:U'wa
1479:zipa
1360:Tota
1235:ChĂa
1153:Tejo
1108:Duit
1059:Raft
707:ISBN
524:End
507:and
344:End
312:Zipa
190:End
138:was
130:was
128:Zipa
106:Zipa
104:The
98:Zipa
94:Zipa
87:and
55:Zipa
31:Zipa
1520:of
1482:of
1455:of
1432:of
1399:of
1240:Sué
1054:Art
626:of
577:of
1844::
682:^
503:,
330:)
212:?
176:)
142:.
76:.
29:,
926:)
922:(
914:)
910:(
900:)
896:(
844:)
840:(
832:)
828:(
746:e
739:t
732:v
715:.
326:(
172:(
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