Music of Italy - Knowledge

5517:. Some festivals offer venues to younger composers in classical music by producing and staging winning entries in competitions. The winner, for example, of the "Orpheus" International Competition for New Opera and Chamber music—besides winning considerable prize money—gets to see his or her musical work performed at The Spoleto Festival. There are also dozens of privately sponsored master classes in music each year that put on concerts for the public. Italy is also a common destination for well-known orchestras from abroad; at almost any given time during the busiest season, at least one major orchestra from elsewhere in Europe or North America is playing a concert in Italy. Additionally, public music may be heard at dozens of pop and rock concerts throughout the year. Open-air opera may even be heard, for example, at the ancient Roman amphitheater, the 5663: 4666: 19: 3916: 4260: 5054: 4768: 2204:". For this insult to the regime, he was attacked and beaten on the street outside the Bologne opera after a performance in 1931. During the Fascist era, political pressure stymied the development of classical music, although censorship was not as systematic as in Nazi Germany. A series of "racial laws" was passed in 1938, thus denying to Jewish composers and musicians membership in professional and artistic associations. Although there was not a massive flight of Italian Jews from Italy during this period (compared to the situation in Germany) composer 5576: 4708: 4594: 3463: 2559: 5525: 3097: 2001:

into the social identity of Italians but no single style has been considered a characteristic "national style". Most folk music is localized, and unique to a small region or city. Italy's classical legacy, however, is an important point of the country's identity, particularly opera; traditional operatic pieces remain a popular part of music and an integral component of national identity. The musical output of Italy remains characterized by "great diversity and creative independence (with) a rich variety of types of expression".

7172: 7038: 50: 7026: 4638: 4013: 3254: 2267: 5474: 4624: 2843: 2998: 2014: 4357: 4609: 4680: 5166: 2029: 4150: 4786: 4652: 4736: 3559:) are two important categories. Ballads are most common in northern Italy, while lyric songs prevail further south. Ballads are closely tied to the English form, with some British ballads existing in exact correspondence with an Italian song. Other Italian ballads are more closely based on French models. Lyric songs are a diverse category that consist of lullabies, serenades and work songs, and are frequently improvised though based on a traditional repertoire. 3400: 2249: 5449: 10216: 3611: 1984:, music is generally eclectic, but unique from other nations' music. The country's historical contributions to music are also an important part of national pride. The relatively recent history of Italy includes the development of an opera tradition that has spread throughout the world; prior to the development of Italian identity or a unified Italian state, the Italian peninsula contributed to important innovations in music including the development of 4580: 4722: 2906: 4141: 3979:. There are, however, also solo dances; most typical of these are the "flag dances" of various regions of Italy, in which the dancer passes a town flag or pennant around the neck, through the legs, behind the back, often tossing it high in the air and catching it. These dances can also be done in groups of solo dancers acting in unison or by coordinating flag passing between dancers. Northern Italy is also home to the 10205: 1368: 5177: 629: 5654:, a three-hour weekly program of amateurs and would-be musicians. It started on the radio in 1968 and moved to TV in 1988. The studio audience bring cow-bells and sirens and are encouraged to show good-natured disapproval. The city with the highest number of rock concerts (of national and international artists) is Milan, with a number close to the other European music capitals, as Paris, London and Berlin. 5155: 2240: 4694: 2745: 3348:, the traditional music of its many hundreds of cultures exhibit no homogeneous national character. Rather, each region and community possesses a unique musical tradition that reflects the history, language, and ethnic composition of that particular locale. These traditions reflect Italy's geographic position in southern Europe and in the centre of the Mediterranean; 2341: 4842: 3209:. This focus on popular historical composers has helped to maintain a continued presence of classical music across a broad spectrum of Italian society. When music is part of a public display or gathering, it is often chosen from a very eclectic repertoire that is as likely to include well-known classical music as popular music. 2005:

but unlike them, Italy had no major initiative to preserve traditional musics. Immigration from North Africa, Asia, and other European countries led to further diversification of Italian music. Traditional music came to exist only in small pockets, especially as part of dedicated campaigns to retain local musical identities.

2379: 5683:(2nd level secondary school, ages 14–15 to 18–19) is explicitly indicated by the law decrees. Yet this kind of school has not been set up and is not effectively operational. The state-run television network has started a program to use modern satellite technology to broadcast choral music into public schools. 2313: 5554:

Music in religious rituals, especially Catholic, manifests itself in a number of ways. Parish bands, for example, are quite common throughout Italy. They may be as small as four or five members to as many as 20 or 30. They commonly perform at religious festivals specific to a particular town, usually

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Noticeable musical differences in the southern type include increased use of interval part singing and a greater variety of folk instruments. The Celtic and Slavic influences on the group and open-voice choral works of the north yield to a stronger Arabic, Greek, and North African-influenced strident

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in Naples is typical of modern Italy: of the eight operas represented, the most recent was Puccini. In symphonic music, of the 26 composers whose music was played, 21 of them were from the 19th century or earlier, composers who use the melodies and harmonies typical of the Romantic era. This focus is

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With the growing industrialization that accelerated during the 20th and 21st century, Italian society gradually moved from an agricultural base to an urban and industrial center. This change weakened traditional culture in many parts of society; a similar process occurred in other European countries,

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that simulate or recall the moves of combat, or use the weapons as stylized instruments of the dance itself. For example, in a few villages in northern Italy, swords are replaced by wooden half-hoops embroidered with green, similar to the so-called "garland dances" in northern Europe. There are also

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in Sanremo. It runs for one week in February, and gives veteran and new performers a chance to present new songs. Winning the contest has often been a springboard to industry success. The festival is televised nationally for three hours a night, is hosted by the best-known Italian TV personalities,

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Nationwide, there are three state-run and three private TV networks. All provide live music at least some of the time. Many large cities in Italy have local TV stations, as well, which may provide live folk or dialect music often of interest only to the immediate area. The largest of these book and

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The music industry in Italy made €2.3 billion in 2004. That sum refers to the sale of CDs, music electronics, musical instruments, and ticket sales for live performances. By way of comparison, the Italian recording industry ranks eighth in the world; Italians own 0.7 music albums per capita as

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Italy has a strong sense of national identity through distinctive culture – a sense of an appreciation of beauty and emotionality, which is strongly evidenced in the music. Cultural, political and social issues are often also expressed through music in Italy. Allegiance to music is integrally woven

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provide advanced training for future professional musicians. There are also many private music schools and workshops for instrument building and repair. Private teaching is also quite common in Italy. Elementary and high school students can expect to have one or two weekly hours of music teaching,

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have their equivalents in Italy. The universality of Italian culture ensured that jazz clubs would spring up throughout the peninsula, that all radio and then television studios would have jazz-based house bands, that Italian musicians would then start nurturing a home grown kind of jazz, based on

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stimulated interest in folk traditions, led by writers, collectors and traditional performers. The political right in Italy viewed this roots revival with disdain, as a product of the "unprivileged classes". The revivalist scene thus became associated with the opposition, and became a vehicle for

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who studied the impact of music on a pan-Italian national identity. A unified Italian identity only just started to develop after the political integration of the peninsula in 1860. The focus at that time was on the lyrical and literary value of music, rather than the instrumentation; this focus

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Italy has a specialized system of high schools; students attend, as they choose, a high school for humanities, science, foreign languages, or art—and music (in the "liceo musicale", where instruments, musical theory, composing and musical history are taught as the main subject). Italy does have

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Under the isolationist policies of the fascist regime, which rose to power in 1922, Italy developed an insular musical culture. Foreign musics were suppressed while Mussolini's government encouraged nationalism and linguistic and ethnic purity. Popular performers, however, travelled abroad, and

4256:. Neapolitan songs typically use simple harmonies, and are structured in two sections, a refrain and narrative verses, often in contrasting relative or parallel major and minor keys. In non-musical terms, this means that many Neapolitan songs can sound joyful one minute and melancholy the next. 5691:

Scholarship in the field of collecting, preserving and cataloguing all varieties of music is vast. In Italy, as elsewhere, these tasks are spread over a number of agencies and organizations. Most large music conservatories maintain departments that oversee the research connected with their own

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from 1962 to 1965 revolutionized music in the Catholic Church, leading to an increase in the number of amateur choirs that perform regularly for services; the Council also encouraged the congregational singing of hymns, and a vast repertoire of new hymns has been composed in the last 40 years.

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area of Naples. The music is identified with Naples, but is famous abroad, having been exported on the great waves of emigration from Naples and southern Italy roughly between 1880 and 1920. Language is an extremely important element of Neapolitan song, which is always written and performed in

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tempo, and a strained, tense vocal style. Folk musicians use the dialect of their own regional tradition; this rejection of the standard Italian language in folk song is nearly universal. There is little perception of a common Italian folk tradition, and the country's folk music never became a

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song, choral, instrumental and vocal music, and other styles. Choral singing and polyphonic song forms are primarily found in northern Italy, while south of Naples, solo singing is more common, and groups usually use unison singing in two or three parts carried by a single performer. Northern

3183:. CEMAT promotes the activities of the "Sonora" project, launched jointly by the Department for Performing Arts, Ministry for Cultural Affairs and the Directorate for Cultural Relations, Ministry for Foreign Affairs with the object of promoting and diffusing Italian contemporary music abroad. 2448:

Italy has long been a center for European classical music, and by the beginning of the 20th century, Italian classical music had forged a distinct national sound that was decidedly Romantic and melodic. As typified by the operas of Verdi, it was music in which "... The vocal lines always

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is a broad, loosely defined field encompassing musics created by abandoning traditional classical concepts of melody and harmony, and by using the new technology of electronics to create hitherto impossible sounds. In Italy, one of the first to devote his attention to experimental music was

3037:. Early ballet was accompanied by considerable instrumentation, with the playing of horns, trombones, kettle drums, dulcimers, bagpipes, etc. Although the music has not survived, there is speculation that dancers, themselves, may have played instruments on stage. Then, in the wake of the 2642:

and the rise of the cinema, which became a major source of entertainment. A third cause is the fact that "internationalism" had brought contemporary Italian opera to a state where it was no longer "Italian". This was the opinion of at least one prominent Italian musicologist and critic,

2051:, much music was likewise composed on the basis of such commissions—incidental court music, music for coronations, for the birth of a royal heir, royal marches, and other occasions. Composers who strayed ran certain risks. Among the best known of such cases was the Neapolitan composer 3411:

in 1956 and often repeated. Additionally, Curt Sachs proposed the existence of two quite distinct kinds of folk music in Europe: continental and Mediterranean. Others have placed the transition zone from the former to the latter roughly in north-central Italy, approximately between

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sings in Italian, English, Spanish and German. Thus, musical revues, which are standard fare on current Italian television, can easily go, in a single evening, from a big-band number with dancers to an Elvis impersonator to a current pop singer doing a rendition of a Puccini aria.

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and children's songs, seasonal songs based around holidays such as Christmas, life-cycle songs that celebrate weddings, baptisms and other important events, dance songs, cattle calls and occupational songs, tied to professions such as fishermen, shepherds and soldiers. Ballads

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Mostra di strumenti musicali popolari romagnoli : Meldola Teatro Comunale G. A. Dragoni, 26–29 agosto 1989; raccolti da Fabio Lombardi nella vallata del bidente, Comuni di: Bagno di Romagna, S. Sofia, Meldola, Galeata, Forli, Civitella diR. e Forlimpopoli; presentazione

5706:(National Archives of Recordings) in Rome, founded in 1928, holds the largest public collection of recorded music in Italy with some 230,000 examples of classical music, folk music, jazz, and rock, recorded on everything from antique wax cylinders to modern electronic media. 3624:

Instrumentation is an integral part of all facets of Italian folk music. There are several instruments that retain older forms even while newer models have become widespread elsewhere in Europe. Many Italian instruments are tied to certain rituals or occasions, such as the

5123:." The first real jazz orchestras in Italy, however, were formed during the 1920s by bandleaders such as Arturo Agazzi and enjoyed immediate success. In spite of the anti-American cultural policies of the Fascist regime during the 1930s, American jazz remained popular. 4175:

became immensely popular in the 19th century and was known across even the most rural sections of the country. Most villages had occasional opera productions, and the techniques used in opera influenced rural folk musics. Opera spread through itinerant ensembles and

2196:, an avowed opponent of Fascism, gets the same neutral and distant treatment with no mention at all of his "anti-regime" stance. Perhaps the best-known episode of music colliding with politics involves Toscanini. He had been forced out of the musical directorship at 1715:

and concerto – ranges across a broad spectrum of opera and instrumental classical music and popular music drawn from both native and imported sources. Instruments associated with classical music, including the piano and violin, were invented in Italy.

4095:, is a distinct tradition that became a part of popular music in the 19th century, and was an iconic image of Italian music abroad by the end of the 20th century. Imported styles have also become an important part of Italian popular music, beginning with the French 5841:

claims that—on the eve of World War II—most Italians who had fled Italy for political reasons—i.e. "...membership in anti-Fascist organizations..."—were in France and puts the number at about 9,000. The author does not distinguish refugees on the basis of race or

5791:. In the 1980s, Italian scholars began focusing less on making recordings, and more on studying and synthesizing the information already collected. Others studied Italian music in the United States and Australia, and the folk musics of recent immigrants to Italy. 5904:

Violin-making, as it was and is: Being a Historical, Theoretical, and Practical Treatise on the Science and Art of Violin-making, for the Use of Violin Makers and Players, Amateur and Professional. Preceded by An Essay on the Violin and Its Position as a Musical

7260:"Ministero dell'istruzione, dell'università e della ricerca, Indicazioni nazionali per i piani di studio personalizzati dei percorsi liceali – Piano degli studi e Obiettivi specifici di apprendimento – Allegato C/5 (Art. 2 comma 3) – Liceo musicale e coreutico" 3232:, while a revival of popular interest continued into the next decade, with foundations, festivals and organization created to promote modern music. Near the end of the 20th century, government sponsorship of musical institutions began to decline, and several 2901:

also helped to promote a broader view of music than the political and social climate allowed. Most Italians, however, preferred more traditional pieces and established standards, and only a small audience sought new styles of experimental classical music.

2881:. These composers usually concentrated on writing instrumental works, rather than opera. Members of this generation were the dominant figures in Italian music after Puccini's death in 1924. New organizations arose to promote Italian music, such as the 2340: 5675:

generally in choral singing and basic music theory, though extracurricular opportunities are rare. Though most Italian universities have classes in related subjects such as music history, performance is not a common feature of university education.

2339: 2711:, and others. Approximately 1800 to approximately 1900 was a century during which a more popular, operatic, and entertaining type of church music was heard, to the exclusion of the aforementioned chant and polyphony. In the late 19th century, the 3122:"We have divided the octave into twelve equidistant degrees…and have constructed our instruments in such as way that we can never get in above or below or between them…our ears are no longer capable of hearing anything else…yet Nature created an 2663:

also helped to fuel the diversification of Italian opera. Opera remains a major part of Italian culture; renewed interest in opera across the sectors of Italian society began in the 1980s. Respected composers from this era include the well-known

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The dominance of opera in Italian music tends to overshadow the important area of instrumental music. Historically, such music includes the vast array of sacred instrumental music, instrumental concertos, and orchestral music in the works of

2285: 6070:"This record was a collaboration between Philip Oakey, the big-voiced lead singer of the techno-pop band the Human League, and Giorgio Moroder, the Italian-born father of disco who spent the '80s writing synth-based pop and film music." 2332: 3191:

Italian classical music grew gradually more experimental and progressive into the mid-20th century, while popular tastes have tended to stick with well established composers and compositions of the past. The 2004–2005 program at the

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La Canzone Italiana del Novocento: da Piedigrotta al Festival di Sanremo, dell Caffé-Concerto all'Opera Rock, una Storia della Societa Italiana Attraverso le sue Canzoni Piu Belle e i Loro Grandi Interpreti, da Enrico Caruso a Eros

2311: 2484:, all of which employ features that have become common to European music in general and not Italy specifically. These changes have also made classical music less accessible to many people. Important composers of the period include 7006:

This record was a collaboration between Philip Oakey, the big-voiced lead singer of the techno-pop band the Human League, and Giorgio Moroder, the Italian-born father of disco who spent the '80s writing synth-based pop and film

2378: 5551:. In Italian, that term describes a kind of musical drama not native to Italy, a form that employs the American idiom of jazz-pop-and rock-based music and rhythms to move a story along in a combination of songs and dialogue. 3814:, while appearing very similar to the contemporary western tambourine, is actually played with a much more articulate and sophisticated technique (influenced by Middle Eastern playing), giving it a wide range of sounds. The 2163:

Later, in the Fascist era of the 1920s and 30s, government censorship and interference with music occurred, though not on a systematic basis. Prominent examples include the notorious anti-modernist manifesto of 1932 and

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European song forms, classical composition techniques and folk music. Currently, all Italian music conservatories have jazz departments, and there are jazz festivals each year in Italy, the best known of which is the

2418: 5050:, is a direct coinage from the French. The songs, themselves, were not French, but were lighthearted or slightly sentimental songs composed in Italian. That music went out of fashion with the advent of World War I. 3994:

Academic interest in the study of dance from the perspectives of sociology and anthropology has traditionally been neglected in Italy but is currently showing renewed life at the university and post-graduate level.

3849:. Calabria, alone, has 30 traditional musical instruments, some of which have strongly archaic characteristics and are largely extinct elsewhere in Italy. It is home to the four- or five-stringed guitar called the 7282:

annex to Circolare n.11 del 1 febbraio 2006 – Trasmissione decreti di attuazione del progetto di innovazione, in ambito nazionale, ex art. 11 del D.P.R. n. 275/1999 – Istituti di istruzione secondaria superiore –

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dominate the tonal complex and are never overshadowed by the instrumental accompaniments ..." Italian classical music had resisted the "German harmonic juggernaut"—that is, the dense harmonies of

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in Italian) and choral singing. Even ballads—usually thought of as a vehicle for a solo voice—may be sung in choirs. In the province of Trento "folk choirs" are the most common form of music making.

3314: 2304: 5829:"Racial laws" started to be issued in Italy in March 1938; specifically, the one denying Jews membership in professional organizations was the Royal Decree of 5 September 1938, XVI, n. 1390, Art. 4. 5373:), a form of verbal jousting; both facts have helped identify southern Italian music with the African American hip hop style. Additionally, there are many bands in Italy that play a style called 3931:

dances of propitiation as well as harvest dances, including the "sea-harvest" dances of fishing communities in Calabria and the wine harvest dances in Tuscany. Famous dances include the southern

3903:. Existing, rooted and widespread traditions confirm the production of ephemeral and toy instruments made of bark, reed (arundo donax), leaves, fibers and stems, as it emerges, for example, from 4235:—composed Neapolitan songs that garnered great renown in Italy and abroad. The Neapolitan song tradition became formalized in the 1830s through an annual songwriting competition for the yearly 2655:, which focused almost exclusively on popular operas until the 1930s, when the company allowed more unusual composers with less mainstream appeal. The rise of relatively new publishers such as 2651:, accused Puccini of "commercialism" and of having deserted Italian traditions. Traditional Romantic opera remained popular; indeed, the dominant opera publisher in the early 20th century was 5282:) gained notoriety for their innovative sound. Progressive rock concerts in Italy tended to have a strong political undertone and an energetic atmosphere. Popular Italian metal bands include 4312:, the Fascist policy of cultural isolationism in 1922 led to a retreat from international popular music. During this period, popular Italian musicians traveled abroad and learned elements of 5034:, which opened in 1890 on the premises of the new Galleria Umberto in Naples. Elsewhere in Italy, the Gran Salone Eden in Milan and the Music Hall Olympia in Rome opened shortly thereafter. 2416: 4519:

Film scores, although they are secondary to the film, are often critically acclaimed and very popular in their own right. Among early music for Italian films from the 1930s was the work of

3228:. These composers are not part of a distinct school or tradition, though they do share certain techniques and influences. By the 1970s, avant-garde classical music had become linked to the 3076:. These dance companies usually maintain a separate ballet season and perform the standard repertoire of classical ballet, little of which is Italian. The Italian equivalent of the Russian 5771:

encouraged more study, especially of northern musical cultures, which many scholars had previously assumed maintained little folk culture. The most prominent scholars of this era included

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is an important part of the country's musical heritage, and spans a diverse array of regional styles, instruments and dances. Instrumental and vocal classical music is an iconic part of

3491:, a rhythmic dance widely performed in southern Italy. Apulian music in general, and Salentine music in particular, has been well researched and documented by ethnomusicologists and by 3270: 2062:

Music also played a role in the unification of the peninsula. During this period, some leaders attempted to use music to forge a unifying cultural identity. One example is the chorus "

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as early as the 15th century, which was influenced by the entertainments common in royal celebrations and aristocratic weddings. Early choreographers and composers of ballet include

3312: 5994: 3164:, which promoted several composers in disparate styles, ranging from experimental to traditional. After a dispute over the value of experimental music in 1923, Casella formed the 2172:

after one performance in 1934. The music media often criticized music that was perceived as either politically radical or insufficiently Italian. General print media, such as the

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and other similar styles, but at least in its Italian manifestation, the tradition remained largely apolitical, focusing on lighter music, often risqué, but not bawdy. The first

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provides a complete treatment of what she calls "an almost unexplored segment" of music; that is, "…the orchestral and chamber music produced by Italian composers in the 1800s."

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Invaluable survey of popular instruments in use in Italy, ranging from percussion, wind and plucked instruments to various noise makers. Numerous drawings and plates. Wrappers.

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experimented with instruments accompanied by electronic sounds on tape. In modern Italy, one important organization that fosters research in avantgarde and electronic music is

2417: 2601:, an icon of Italian culture and pan-Italian unity. Italy retained a Romantic operatic musical tradition in the early 20th century, exemplified by composers of the so-called 4456:

Social, political, psychological and intellectual themes, mainly in the wake of Gaber and De André's work, became even more predominant in the 1970s through authors such as

4030: 6654:, pp. 604–625 note that "during the second half of the nineteenth and part of the twentieth century, opera and so-called Neapolitan popular song served such purposes." 4105:

in the 1910s. Until Italian Fascism became officially "allergic" to foreign influences in the late 1930s, American dance music and musicians were quite popular; jazz great

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flourished. Opera has remained the musical form most closely linked with Italian music and Italian identity. This was most obvious in the 19th century through the works of

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Sorce Keller, Marcello (2014). "Italy in Music: A Sweeping (and Somewhat Audacious) Reconstruction of a Problematic Identity". In Franco Fabbri; Goffredo Plastino (eds.).

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It is claimed by some (Badger 1995) that the introduction to Europe of the syncopated sounds of early American jazz came in the form of music performed by the band of the

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Many of these dances are group activities, the group setting up in rows or circles; some—the love and courting dances—involve couples, either a single couple or more. The

3061:. It was composed in 1881 and is a lavish tribute to the scientific and industrial progress of the 19th century. It is still performed and was staged as recently as 2002. 2638:

After World War I, however, opera declined in comparison to the popular heights of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Causes included the general cultural shift away from

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as a much slower and harder type of music. The BPM is often reduced to the half of typical Italo dance tracks. The bass is often noticeably loud, and dominates the song.

3292: 1780:, spanning experimental art music and international fusions to symphonic music and opera. Opera is integral to Italian musical culture, and has become a major segment of 4054: 3271: 2468:

European classical music changed greatly in the 20th century. New music abandoned much of the historical, nationally developed schools of harmony and melody in favor of

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The earliest Italian popular music was the opera of the 19th century. Opera has had a lasting effect on Italy's classical and popular music. Opera tunes spread through

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preserve and contemporize Occitan music. The Occitanian culture retains characteristics of the ancient Celtic influence, through the use of six- or seven-hole flutes (

1876:, with Italo disco, known for its futuristic sound and prominent use of synthesisers and drum machines, one of the earliest electronic dance genres. Producers such as 5555:

in honor of the town's patron saint. The historic orchestral/choral masterpieces performed in church by professionals are well-known; these include such works as the

3313: 6358:, p. 242: "The politicization of the performing arts, so crudely initiated by the fascists, has been brought to a high level of refinement by their successors." 3668:

Italy's wind instruments include most prominently a variety of folk flutes. These include duct, globular and transverse flutes, as well as various variations of the

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and other styles. These musics influenced the Italian tradition, which spread around the world and further diversified following liberalization after World War II.

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Folk music is sometimes divided into several spheres of geographic influence, a classification system of three regions, southern, central and northern, proposed by

4348:. Italian composers incorporated elements from these styles, while Italian music, especially Neapolitan song, became a part of popular music across Latin America. 1880:, who won three Academy Awards and four Golden Globes, were influential in the development of electronic dance music. Italian pop is represented annually with the 5198:

movement of the 1970s, a style that primarily developed in Europe but also gained audiences elsewhere in the world. It is sometimes considered a separate genre,

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Thus, it is common to speak of the "music of Cilento," even though these names do not necessarily refer to formal administrative regions or provinces of Italy.

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incorporated a mix of symphonic rock and Italian folk music and were popular throughout Europe and the United States as well. Other progressive bands such as

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Many theaters also routinely stage not just Italian translations of American musicals, but true Italian musical comedy, which are called by the English term

7259: 2059:. When the republic fell, he was tried for treason along with other revolutionaries. Cimarosa was not executed by the restored monarchy, but he was exiled. 10252: 2216:"protest against free-market capitalism". Similarly, the avant-garde classical music scene has, since the 1970s, been associated with and promoted by the 10608: 7068:, the leading figure on the African American music scene in New York City in the 1910s before being commissioned as a lieutenant to serve in World War I. 10578: 1687:

has traditionally been one of the cultural markers of Italian national cultures and ethnic identity and holds an important position in society and in

2192:; that is, encyclopedia entries of the era were mere lists of career milestones such as compositions and teaching positions held. Even the conductor 5698: 5692:

collections. Such research is coordinated on a national and international scale via the internet. One prominent institution in Italy is IBIMUS, the

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Recorded popular music began in the late 19th century, with international styles influencing Italian music by the late 1910s; however, the rise of

3118:, discussed the use of electrical and other new sounds in future music. He spoke of his dissatisfaction with the constraints of traditional music: 3064:

Currently, major Italian opera theaters maintain ballet companies. They exist to provide incidental and ceremonial dancing in many operas, such as

4492:, from the late 1960s until the mid-1990s, merged the Italian music with the British rock and pop and, lately in his career, with genres like the 2465:, for example, in which melodic development is largely abandoned for the creation of mood and atmosphere through the sounds of individual chords. 2092:

confederation, but also a thinly veiled reference to the destiny of a not-yet-united Italy; the entire chorus became the unofficial anthem of the

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emerged. Taking influences from Italo disco and Italo house, Italo dance generally included synthesizer riffs, a melodic sound, and the usage of

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is also used as a wind instrument, by blowing across an opening in the narrow bottle neck; it is found in eastern Sicily and Campania. Single- (

1758:. Classical music has a strong hold in Italy, as evidenced by the fame of its opera houses such as La Scala, and performers such as the pianist 8338: 2211:

More recently, in the later part of the 20th century, especially in the 1970s and beyond, music became further enmeshed in Italian politics. A

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Italian music has been held up in high esteem in history and many pieces of Italian music are considered high art. More than other elements of

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for his music. His work with synthesizers heavily influenced several music genres such as new wave, techno and house music; he is credited by

9307: 6469: 2276: 976: 9938: 9290: 5783:. During the 1970s, Leydi and Carpitella were appointed to the first two chairs of ethnomusicology at universities, with Carpitella at the 5190:, and has resulted in many top hits. The industry media, especially television, are important vehicles for such music; the television show 4109:

toured Italy as late as 1935 to great acclaim. In the 1950s, American styles became more prominent, especially rock. The singer-songwriter

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was popular at the turn of the 20th century, and is remembered for his light, expressive songs. His style became very popular during the

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Dance is an integral part of folk traditions in Italy. Some of the dances are ancient and, to a certain extent, persist today. There are

3771:, a spinning or shepherd's staff with permanently attached seed rattles with ritual fertility significance. The Neapolitan rattle is the 5611:", for example). There is no native Italian secular Christmas music, which accounts for the popularity of Italian-language versions of " 3236:

choirs and city orchestras were closed. Despite this, a number of composers gained international reputations in the early 21st century.

9902: 8832: 5957: 3420:. The central, northern and southern parts of the peninsula each share certain musical characteristics, and are each distinct from the 1666: 1398: 709: 7776:

Sorce Keller, Marcello; Catalano, Roberto; Colicci, Giuseppina (1996). "Italy". In Timothy Rice; James Porter; Chris Goertzen (eds.).

7762:. – Forli : Provincia di Forli, 1989. – 56 p. : ill.; 21 cm. In testa al front.: Provincia di Forli, Comune di Meldola. 10036: 7192: 7161: 5748: 2715:

was started by musicians who fought to restore this music. This movement gained impetus not in Italy but in Germany, particularly in

1268: 4593: 3427:

In the Piedmontese valleys and some Ligurian communities of northwestern Italy, the music preserves the strong influence of ancient

10245: 9943: 593: 3967:(performed to the sound of the tambourine) is a couple dance performed in southern Italy and accompanied by a lyric song called a 1801:

gained a strong foothold in Italy, and remained popular despite xenophobic policies of the Fascists. Italy was represented in the

1513: 503: 9508: 8113:

Surian, Alessio (2000). "Tenores and Tarantellas". In Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; McConnachie, James; Duane, Orla (eds.).

7285: 3445: 982: 273: 7315: 5392:

Nabil Ben Salaméh. The Luigi Cinque Tarantula Hypertext Orchestra is another example, as is the TaraGnawa project by Phaleg and

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remained little known, but their albums are today considered classics by collectors. A few avant-garde rock bands or artists (

2731:, however, nearly obliterated all Latin-language music from the Church, once again substituting it with a more popular style. 10186: 9349: 8638: 8522: 8304:

Stokes, Martin (2003). "Ethnicity and Race". In Shepherd, John; Horn, David; Laing, Dave; Oliver, Paul; Wicke, Peter (eds.).

7102: 6237: 6028: 5967: 5933: 5893: 5755:

in Rome. The Center sponsored numerous song collection trips across the peninsula, especially to southern and central Italy.

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called "the starting point of the renaissance of non-operatic Italian music." Several early composers from this era, such as

1263: 3161: 9983: 9258: 9066: 5752: 4665: 4022: 3212:

A few recent works have become a part of the modern repertoire, including scores and theatrical works by composers such as

3179:, the Federation of Italian Electroacoustic Music Centers. It was founded in 1996 in Rome and is a member of the CIME, the 3007:

Italian contributions to ballet are less known and appreciated than in other areas of classical music. Italy, particularly

6308:

The article recounts Toscanini's refusal to conduct at the Salzburg Festival in protest of the Nazi annexation of Austria.

5747:

The earliest recordings of Italian traditional music came in the 1920s, but they were rare until the establishment of the

5538:

Military bands, too, are popular in Italy. At a national level, one of the best-known of these is the concert band of the

4830:, producers would work with singers, using mass-made synthesizers and drum machines, and incorporating them into a mix of 3586:

exists in northern Italy, though it is most commonly associated with the folk musics of other Alpine nations. The Italian

10238: 9312: 9175: 4882:. By circa 1988, however, the genre had merged into other forms of European dance and electronic music, one of which was 1794:

singer-songwriter traditions are also popular domestic styles that form an important part of the Italian music industry.

1000: 7795:

Sorce Keller, Marcello (January 1984). "Folk Music in Trentino: Oral Transmission and the Use of Vernacular languages".

2208:, an Italian Jew, was one of those who emigrated. Some non-Jewish foes of the regime also emigrated—Toscanini, for one. 10031: 9616: 9243: 9076: 8837: 5119:

singers and dancers who performed at the Eden Theater in Milan in 1904; they billed themselves as the "creators of the

5111:

Jazz found its way into Europe during World War I through the presence of American musicians in military bands playing

3690:) pipes are commonly played in groups of two or three. Several folk bagpipes are well-known, including central Italy's 714: 8611: 5679:

ambitious, recent programs to expose children to more music. Furthermore, with the recent education reform a specific

5626:

is an important venue for popular music in Italy. It has been held annually since 1951 and is currently staged at the

4199:

Regional music in the 19th century also became popular throughout Italy. Notable among these local traditions was the

2827:.) In the early 20th century, instrumental music began growing in importance, a process that started around 1904 with 9263: 9238: 9081: 8503: 8458: 8439: 8313: 8247: 8215: 8196: 8177: 8122: 8068: 8031: 8000: 7981: 7898: 7864: 7785: 7741: 7668: 7649: 7630: 7607: 7510: 7458: 7439: 7420: 5381:

are one of the more popular bands known for their mix of Irish, Italian, punk, reggae and many other forms of music.

4608: 2409: 7476:(1). Translated by McGowen, M. Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research, Vol. 4, No. 1: 29–44. 5087:

is rapidly becoming a mainstream form of dance music. It is now not uncommon for modern Italian pop artists such as

4203:—the Neapolitan Song. Although there are anonymous, documented songs from Naples from many centuries ago, the term, 2631: 10380: 9635: 8916: 8802: 4046: 3165: 2700: 1720: 1519: 679: 236: 8674: 6914: 6045: 5662: 5607:. Other than that, Italians largely sing translations of carols that come from the German and English tradition (" 3657:

is most common in central Italy, while chromatic accordions prevail in the north. Many municipalities are home to

10310: 9759: 9671: 9518: 9513: 9344: 9212: 7266: 6931: 5203: 4259: 3455:). Much of northern Italy shares with areas of Europe further to the north an interest in ballad singing (called 1195: 4512:

pursued careers more oriented to the tradition of Italian pop music. There is some genre cross-over between the

9707: 9295: 8772: 7709: 5784: 4267: 3752: 1659: 1391: 649: 437: 5714:

remained until the early 1960s. Two folkloric journals helped to encourage the burgeoning field of study, the

5603:

in 1870. The melody is a major-key version of an older, minor-key Neapolitan carol "Quanno Nascette Ninno" of

3033:, was choreographed by an Italian, Baltazarini di Belgioioso, better known by the French version of his name, 9958: 9789: 9676: 9207: 9202: 8238:

Turn-of-the-Century Cabaret: Paris, Barcelona, Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Cracow, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Zurich

5115:

music. Yet, even before that, Italy received an inkling of new music from across the Atlantic in the form of

3045:, a choreographer who worked with some of the most prominent composers of the day. He became balletmaster at 2916: 2768: 2461:. Italian music also had little in common with the French reaction to that German music—the impressionism of 1526: 1508: 8566:

Carpitella, Diego; Lomax, Alan (1957). "The Folk Music of Northern Italy. The Folk Music of Central Italy".

1055: 9717: 9656: 9641: 9493: 9354: 8807: 5490: 4890:; its sound was generally uplifting, and made strong usage of piano melodies. Bands of this genre include: 4838:. The songs produced would often be sold later by labels and companies such as the Milan-based Discomagic. 4623: 3868: 3284: 3201:, a school of thought that draws on earlier harmonic and melodic concepts that pre-date the conceptions of 2098:, the drive to unify Italy in the 19th century. Even Verdi's name was a synonym for Italian unity because " 1909: 1905: 1901: 1337: 1050: 684: 586: 89: 6288:

The episode is cited in "Underscoring Fascism", a book review of Sachs (1987) by John C. G. Waterhouse in

5759:

was an instrumental figure in the Center, and also made numerous recordings himself. The American scholar

2043:

Music and politics have been intertwined for centuries in Italy. Just as many works of art in the Italian

10517: 10330: 10061: 9779: 9625: 9407: 9317: 9217: 9103: 9071: 8756: 5709:

The scholarly study of traditional Italian music began in about 1850, with a group of early philological

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tradition was a major development of the later 1960s, while the Italian rock scene soon diversified into

3263: 2149: 1312: 1190: 1035: 18: 5103:

to release some new songs in English or Spanish in addition to the original Italian versions. The group

10583: 10355: 10116: 9744: 9564: 9471: 9444: 9379: 9253: 8787: 8713: 6706: 5741: 4944:

Over the years, there have been several important Italian dance music composers and producers, such as

3029: 2886: 2324: 1347: 1185: 1030: 664: 2573:. Through the centuries that followed, opera traditions developed in Naples and Venice; the operas of 2152:, in the late 1850s. The Neapolitan censors objected to the realistic plot about the assassination of 10146: 9912: 9835: 9799: 8817: 8782: 8777: 8421:

Le arti e le tradizioni popolari in Italia. Primo documentario per la storia dell'etnofonia in Italia

8308:. Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World. Vol. 1. London: Continuum. p. 216. 5800: 5377:, which is characterized by a mixture of traditional music, punk, reggae, rock and political lyrics. 5211: 4637: 4425:(singer-songwriters). Their compositions typically focus on topics of social relevance and are often 4227:, contributed to the Neapolitan tradition by using the local language for the texts of some of their 3915: 3562:

Other Italian folk song traditions are less common than ballads and lyric songs. Strophic, religious

3384:

ballad-singing is syllabic, with a strict tempo and intelligible lyrics, while southern styles use a

3206: 2296: 2205: 1806: 1652: 1432: 1415: 1384: 694: 659: 654: 400: 94: 67: 6428: 6332:, p. , The episode is infamous and appears in virtually all biographical accounts of Toscanini. 4679: 4324:

brought back new styles and techniques. American jazz was an important influence on singers such as

2257:

Instruments associated with classical music, including the violin and piano, were invented in Italy.

10598: 10550: 10442: 10437: 10161: 10151: 10131: 10101: 10056: 9754: 9596: 9528: 9498: 9478: 9359: 9035: 9000: 8797: 5722:, founded in 1894 and 1912, respectively. The earliest major musical studies were on the Sardinian 5215: 5199: 4985: 4960:

as "One of the principal architects of the disco sound", and is also dubbed the "Father of Disco".

3896: 3833:

String instruments vary widely depending on locality, with no nationally prominent representative.

3305: 3034: 2870: 2832: 2804: 2497: 1810: 1708: 1352: 1302: 1025: 960: 674: 244: 137: 7719:

This essay provides a thorough review of the history and current state of Italian ethnomusicology.

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is a popular music venue in Italy. Here, an orchestra starts to set up on a stage overlooking the

3080:

and similar companies that exist only to perform ballet, independent of a parent opera theater is

1603: 10629: 10041: 9804: 9661: 9631: 9606: 9523: 9483: 9422: 9321: 9086: 9056: 7057: 6957: 6943: 5737: 5498: 5462: 5279: 5251: 5126:

In the immediate post-war years, jazz took off in Italy. All American post-war jazz styles, from

4207:

now generally refers to a large body of relatively recent, composed popular music—such songs as "

3229: 3081: 2229: 2217: 1885: 1342: 579: 432: 353: 296: 110: 7545:(1946). "On the Question of Hellenization of Sicily and Southern Italy During the Middle Ages". 10555: 10402: 9739: 9727: 9503: 9488: 9180: 8822: 8259: 5805: 5623: 5616: 5596: 5584: 5568: 4797: 4779: 4713: 4707: 3672:. Double flutes are most common in Campania, Calabria and Sicily. A ceramic pitcher called the 2816: 2582: 2056: 1881: 1456: 1307: 1040: 994: 988: 887: 775: 699: 311: 205: 31: 8132:

Ricci, Antonella & Tucci, Roberto (October 1988). "Folk Musical Instruments in Calabria".

10560: 10522: 10046: 9973: 9953: 9867: 9816: 9574: 9554: 9364: 8958: 8926: 8812: 8792: 8706: 5810: 5788: 4599: 4372: 4004: 3217: 2513: 2184:

with the same brevity as composers and musicians that were not as favored—modernists such as

1917: 1297: 1097: 914: 760: 689: 669: 367: 226: 120: 4651: 4579: 3949:

bites. Popular Tuscan dances ritually act out the hunting of the hare, or display blades in

3027:" imported to France from Italy caught on, and the first ballet performed in France (1581), 10502: 9897: 9712: 9601: 9579: 9233: 9131: 9015: 8883: 8575:

Carpitella, Diego; Lomax, Alan (1957). "The Folk Music of Southern Italy and the Islands".

7582: 5494: 5443: 5393: 5378: 5144: 5140: 4735: 4685: 4465: 4317: 4300: 4216: 2764: 2610: 2578: 2160:, in the 1790s. Even after the plot was changed, the Neapolitan censors still rejected it. 2153: 2132: 1635: 1472: 1234: 563: 327: 301: 231: 84: 7200: 7165: 5384:

Italy has also become a home for a number of Mediterranean fusion projects. These include

5053: 4767: 4430: 4038: 3512:

recalls the roots of Gregorian chant, and is similar to but distinctive from the Ligurian

750: 8: 10472: 10432: 10412: 10392: 10295: 10181: 10171: 10126: 9892: 9857: 9852: 9569: 9190: 9126: 9046: 7077:

Dave Laing with Olivier Julien and Catherine Budent, "Television Shows", pg. 475, in the

7061: 5608: 5299: 5158: 4249: 3743:

Numerous percussion instruments are a part of Italian folk music, including wood blocks,

3631:

bagpipe, typically heard only at Christmas. Italian folk instruments can be divided into

3365: 3341: 3337: 2972: 2944: 2874: 2857:

The early 20th century is also marked by the presence of a group of composers called the

2570: 2521: 2141: 2130:

territory. Verdi had problems with censorship before the unification of Italy. His opera

2017: 1862: 1612: 1594: 1165: 1075: 934: 924: 826: 410: 7678:

Friedland, Bea (January 1970). "Italy's Ottocento: Notes from the Musical Underground".

5638:

Television variety shows are the widest venue for popular music. They change often, but

3476: 3152: 3042: 2909: 2808: 2305:

Trois quintetti concertans (Three Wind Quintets) No. 1, Movement II: Larghetto cantabile

1743: 10588: 10407: 10156: 10141: 10121: 9978: 9919: 9872: 9794: 9651: 9621: 9611: 9586: 9559: 9466: 9459: 9395: 9151: 9146: 8863: 8429: 8363: 8332: 8292: 8284: 8149: 8019: 7936: 7812: 7570: 7498: 7485: 7390: 7361: 7322:[Telegram from the President of the Republic to the participants and organizers of 7065: 5575: 5540: 5389: 5243: 4953: 4938: 4845: 4831: 4325: 4224: 4087: 3245: 3106: 2920: 2846: 2796: 2784: 2684:

Italy, being one of Catholicism's seminal nations, has a long history of music for the

2644: 2586: 2574: 2533: 2525: 2469: 2200:

in Milan in 1929 because he refused to begin every performance with the fascist song, "

1889: 1785: 1773: 1735: 1724: 1561: 1551: 1536: 1442: 1255: 1224: 1116: 1102: 919: 897: 892: 877: 853: 848: 836: 805: 737: 213: 158: 35: 8166: 7876:

Lanza, Andrea (2008). "An Outline of Italian Instrumental Music in the 20th Century".

7293: 5591:

There is not a great deal of native Italian Christmas music. The most popular Italian

4721: 3462: 3138:

painter and composer, wrote of the possibilities of new music in his 1913 manifestoes

1925: 10593: 10540: 10487: 10482: 10457: 10315: 10106: 10096: 9968: 9882: 9847: 9774: 9764: 9542: 9412: 9326: 9156: 9136: 9110: 9098: 8893: 8888: 8873: 8868: 8853: 8620: 8518: 8499: 8473: 8454: 8435: 8309: 8296: 8276: 8243: 8236: 8211: 8192: 8173: 8118: 8092: 8064: 8027: 7996: 7977: 7928: 7911:(1956). "Folk Song Style: Notes on a Systematic Approach to the Study of Folk Song". 7894: 7860: 7842: 7781: 7737: 7695: 7664: 7645: 7626: 7619: 7603: 7562: 7525: 7506: 7454: 7435: 7416: 7365: 7327: 7150:(in Italian). Economia della musica italiana del Centro Ask: dell’Università Bocconi. 7098: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6024: 5963: 5929: 5889: 5756: 5729: 5696:, in Rome. It works with other agencies on an international scale through RISM, the 5604: 5529: 5361:. Hip hop is especially liked in southern Italy, joined with the southern concept of 5275: 5263: 5231: 5064: 4585: 4532: 4520: 4505: 4485: 4473: 4380: 4336:

were used in many popular songs, while rhythms often came from Latin dances like the

4232: 4212: 4163: 3852: 3744: 3632: 3574: 3499: 3421: 3345: 3038: 2928: 2878: 2828: 2820: 2776: 2760: 2712: 2594: 2558: 2541: 2485: 2424: 2115: 2052: 1763: 1747: 1626: 1486: 1229: 1219: 1180: 1065: 1060: 1017: 944: 907: 840: 770: 755: 513: 493: 488: 466: 420: 415: 39: 23: 7316:"Telegramma del Presidente della Repubblica ai partecipanti e agli organizzatori di 5063:

The influence of US pop forms has been strong since the end of World War II. Lavish

3049:

in 1812. The best-known example of Italian ballet from the 19th century is probably

10512: 10462: 10422: 10375: 10370: 10360: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10320: 10305: 10300: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10176: 9998: 9948: 9929: 9924: 9877: 9784: 9722: 9702: 9690: 9646: 9449: 9429: 9417: 9280: 9161: 8878: 8741: 8733: 8355: 8268: 8141: 7960: 7920: 7804: 7687: 7554: 7477: 7382: 7353: 7019: 5764: 5632: 5510: 5506: 5478: 5358: 5291: 5283: 5195: 4914: 4891: 4867: 4809: 4699: 4552: 4384: 4368: 4263: 4116: 3945:

is in 6/8 time, and is part of a folk ritual intended to cure the poison caused by

3435:

are some of the oldest preserved samples of vernacular song, and modern bands like

3368:, have all combined to allow diverse musical styles to coexist in close proximity. 3225: 3198: 3193: 3156:. One of the most influential events in early 20th century music was the return of 3111: 3100: 3054: 3001: 2956: 2948: 2932: 2836: 2788: 2590: 2517: 2489: 2481: 2320: 2193: 2189: 2165: 2028: 1985: 1981: 1965: 1949: 1913: 1873: 1854: 1846: 1802: 1777: 1759: 1700: 1688: 1546: 1449: 1423: 1284: 1143: 1070: 939: 810: 795: 780: 745: 639: 619: 553: 548: 508: 454: 395: 306: 129: 27: 9248: 7964: 6971: 4998: 4097: 3987:, an accompanied dance that was incorporated in Western art music by the composer 10603: 10545: 10507: 10497: 10477: 10467: 10452: 10447: 10427: 10397: 10365: 10350: 10325: 10261: 10086: 10076: 10071: 10066: 9963: 9887: 9749: 9268: 9166: 9051: 8951: 8858: 8692: 7468:

Bouget, Marie-Thérèse (1986). "Musical Enigmas in Ballet of the Court of Savoy".

6379: 6208: 5923: 5592: 5423: 5418: 5412: 5306: 5247: 5092: 5057: 4973: 4945: 4923: 4879: 4771: 4562: 4509: 4477: 4360: 4278: 4106: 3877:, is common in the northeast of the country. The largely German-speaking area of 3361: 3221: 3157: 3016: 2866: 2824: 2800: 2780: 2772: 2756: 2748: 2689: 2685: 2673: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2493: 2458: 2394: 2292: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2048: 1989: 1957: 1877: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1755: 1739: 1704: 1617: 1585: 1496: 1491: 1481: 1239: 1170: 902: 882: 867: 800: 558: 530: 525: 520: 498: 483: 478: 425: 405: 182: 163: 8054:(Recorded anthology). 12 LPs (re-released in 9 CDs) (in Italian). Milano: Durum. 7373:

Badger, F. Reed (Spring 1989). "James Reese Europe and the Prehistory of Jazz".

4992: 4283: 3661:, which perform with roots revival groups; these ensembles are based around the 3096: 2842: 2823:, whose name is identified with the beginnings of Italian lyric opera, wrote 18 10492: 10417: 10219: 10166: 10081: 9988: 9862: 9809: 9769: 9439: 9434: 9285: 9185: 9141: 9093: 9041: 8995: 8963: 8921: 8898: 7780:. Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Vol. 8. Garland. pp. 604–625. 7765: 7751: 7542: 7357: 7234: 5733: 5627: 5580: 5397: 5318: 5295: 5100: 4933: 4895: 4850: 4657: 4643: 4570: 4489: 4416: 4408: 4400: 4388: 4220: 4208: 3988: 3904: 3864: 3859: 3774: 3451: 3135: 3077: 3058: 3012: 2997: 2992: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2940: 2890: 2812: 2792: 2720: 2660: 2602: 2598: 2562: 2462: 2450: 2390: 2356: 2157: 2127: 2067: 1969: 1921: 1858: 1751: 1728: 1571: 1566: 1437: 1317: 1209: 1175: 1157: 1122: 1045: 790: 610: 471: 459: 442: 6443: 6123:"Cantanti italiani, quali sono quelli che hanno avuto più successo all'estero" 4356: 2013: 10623: 10091: 9732: 9302: 8990: 8968: 8827: 8280: 7932: 7846: 7758: 7699: 7625:. New Oxford History of Music. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7566: 7529: 5772: 5768: 5532: 5223: 5088: 5076: 5072: 4949: 4863: 4859: 4741: 4727: 4671: 4557: 4469: 4442: 4438: 4412: 4337: 4329: 4172: 4159: 3800: 3213: 3172: 3131: 2980: 2976: 2862: 2708: 2665: 2553: 2537: 2529: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2454: 2386: 2352: 2220:, a change that can be traced back to the 1968 student revolts and protests. 2212: 1961: 1953: 1945: 1818: 1781: 1767: 1732: 1692: 1640: 1502: 1292: 970: 929: 785: 765: 704: 447: 114: 8257:

Sparti, Barbara; Veroli, Patrizia (Autumn 1995). "Dance Research in Italy".

7833:

Kramer, Jonathan (1999). "The Nature and Origins of Musical Postmodernism".

5767:, made an exhaustive survey of the peninsula in 1954. By the early 1960s, a 10209: 10016: 9821: 9591: 9195: 9061: 9010: 8985: 5776: 5612: 5600: 5556: 5518: 5482: 5342: 5338: 5330: 5267: 5165: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4899: 4818: 4813: 4566: 4481: 4461: 4426: 3950: 3523: 3380: 3364:

influences, as well as rough geography and the historic dominance of small

3349: 3085: 3020: 2968: 2669: 2652: 2635:

as the man who "virtually brought the history of Italian opera to an end".

2606: 2094: 2063: 1937: 1893: 1372: 168: 133: 125: 7691: 4921:, which became one of Italy's most popular electronic groups; their album 4693: 3150:, mostly percussion, which were used in a precursor to the style known as 2569:

Opera originated in Italy in the late 16th century during the time of the

2399: 1830: 10111: 10051: 10021: 9374: 9005: 8677:: International Directory of Performing Arts Collections and Institutions 6099: 5710: 5401: 5385: 5350: 5346: 5310: 5287: 5259: 5255: 5207: 5169: 5135: 5112: 4906: 4887: 4883: 4801: 4775: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4629: 4614: 4457: 4450: 4434: 4404: 4392: 4376: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4189: 4149: 3892: 3878: 3725: 3598:. Choirs and brass bands are a part of the mid-Lenten holiday, while the 3569: 3357: 3299:

A tarantella, sung in Neapolitan dialect, recorded in Northern California

3072: 2724: 2693: 2639: 2348: 2044: 1850: 1822: 1576: 1089: 815: 249: 221: 153: 148: 143: 7919:(VIII). Journal of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 8: 48–50. 7402:

Baldi, Edgardo (1935). "Mascagni, Puccini, Casella, Busoni, Toscanini".

6990: 6073: 5524: 5180: 3830:, is a distinctive instrument, found only in northern Italy and Sicily. 3041:, Italy again became a center of ballet, largely through the efforts of 1897: 9369: 8978: 8288: 8161: 7948: 7908: 7574: 7489: 7394: 7090: 6016: 5760: 5271: 5219: 5080: 5023: 5019: 4540: 4446: 4421: 4367:

Among the best-known Italian pop musicians of the last few decades are

4244: 4177: 4111: 4082: 4073: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3934: 3920: 3811: 3784: 3658: 3646: 3513: 3488: 3440: 3432: 3408: 3329: 2728: 2716: 2477: 2440: 2248: 2201: 2089: 1790: 8367: 8153: 8115:

Rough Guide to World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East

7940: 7816: 5321:. Other early hip hop crews were typically politically oriented, like 4785: 3492: 1707: – enabled the development of opera and much of modern 7723:

Guizzi, Febo (1990). "Gli strumenti della musica poplare in Italia".

7344:

Adams, Walter (May 1939). "The Present Problem; Refugees in Europe".

5724: 5354: 5131: 5084: 4928: 4918: 4871: 4835: 4816:, which often gave it a futuristic sound. According to an article in 4789: 4548: 4501: 4120: 3946: 3821: 3815: 3766: 3758: 3669: 3638: 3522:, a Sardinian triplepipe used in a sophisticated and complex manner. 3518: 3436: 3428: 3417: 3376: 3372: 3202: 2696: 2473: 1842: 257: 8272: 7878:

Sonus. A Journal of Investigations into Global Musical Possibilities

7558: 7481: 7386: 4299:, the lyrics of which are by the prominent Neapolitan dialect poet, 3805: 2122:" was a rallying cry for patriots and often appeared in graffiti in 2024:. It is the oldest continuously active venue for opera in the world. 10026: 10011: 10006: 9907: 8941: 8936: 8359: 8145: 7924: 7808: 6994: 6077: 5780: 5670:

Many institutes of higher education teach music in Italy. About 75

5334: 5326: 5322: 5187: 5120: 5096: 5068: 4957: 4875: 4493: 4396: 4253: 4185: 4062: 3900: 3887: 3846: 3834: 3748: 3737: 3715: 3693: 3662: 3627: 3591: 3587: 3403:

Some common geographical names used as points of reference in Italy

3046: 2936: 2924: 2905: 2719:. The movement reached its apex around 1900 with the ascent of Don 2197: 2032: 1712: 1463: 727: 10230: 8451:

Monteverdi's Unruly Women: The Power of Song in Early Modern Italy

5635:, perhaps the best-known Italian pop singer of the last 50 years. 4905:

By the latter half of the 1990s, a subgenre of Eurodance known as

4363:

has composed over 500 scores for cinema and television since 1946.

3602:

song tradition extends through many holidays throughout the year.

3590:

is associated with several song types, especially the Carnival of

8973: 8698: 6843: 5514: 5502: 5239: 5235: 5104: 5003: 4910: 4345: 4308: 4140: 3842: 3705: 3635:, wind and percussion categories. Common instruments include the 3599: 3595: 3547: 3504: 3484: 2656: 2428: 2081: 2077: 2072: 1933: 1929: 1814: 1696: 279: 8477: 8096: 6382:, social philosopher and founder of the Italian Communist Party. 5544:(Italian Customs/Border Police); it performs many times a year. 5473: 5176: 5002:

spread throughout Europe. The tradition had much in common with

628: 9666: 8659:: Lombard inter-university consortium for automatic computation 8229:(3 LPs and booklet) (in Italian). Milano: Albatros VPA 8150-52. 7736:. Alia Musica. Vol. 8. Lucca: Libreria musicale italiana. 7642:

Visioni sonore, Viaggi tra i compositori italiani per il cinema

5650:

are popular. The longest running musical broadcast in Italy is

5448: 5406: 5227: 4913:. The genre became mainstream after the release of the single " 4886:. Italo house blended elements of Italo disco with traditional 4823: 4497: 4341: 4193: 3882: 3780: 3543: 3539: 3472: 3413: 3386: 2704: 2361: 2145: 2021: 8346:

Wolfram, Richard (September 1962). "Weapon Dances of Europe".

7346:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

5154: 4858:

Italo disco influenced several electronic groups, such as the

4804:

in the late 1970s to early 1980s. The genre, originating from

3399: 2915:

Italy is also the homeland of important interpreters, such as

2605:, whose music was anchored in the previous century, including 8946: 8729: 8683: 7470:

Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research

5314: 5127: 4827: 4805: 4333: 4287:

and is often known as salon music. His most famous works are

3733: 3729: 3583: 3579: 3564: 3480: 3353: 3176: 3008: 2239: 2123: 2111: 2036: 1869: 1684: 1680: 8597:. 12 LPs (re-released in 9 CDs) (in Italian). Milan: Durium. 7118: 7116: 7114: 5955: 4419:. Musicians who compose and sing their own songs are called 3610: 3568:, sometimes in Latin, are still occasionally performed, and 3278:

A Bersaglieri marching song, recorded in Northern California

9454: 8931: 8052:

Napoletana, Anthologia cronologica della Canzone Partenopea

7775: 7535: 6764: 6651: 6639: 6371: 6211:. Teatro di San Carlo's official website. 23 December 2013. 6164: 4313: 4124: 4102: 3838: 3066: 2811:. (Even opera composers occasionally worked in other forms— 1798: 8647: 8595:

Napoletana, antologia cronologica della canzone partenopea

8577:

The Columbia World Library of Folk and Primitive Music, 16

8568:

The Columbia World Library of Folk and Primitive Music, 15

8559:

Italia vol. 2: la canzone narrativa lo spettacolo popolare

7891:

Le tradizioni popolari: Canti e musiche popolari in Italia

5422:

are examples of his style. The Neapolitan popular singer,

5079:

continue to be popular. Latin music, especially Brazilian

4834:

with a "classic-pop sensibility" which would be aimed for

2744: 2176:, tended to treat traditionally favored composers such as 8650:: Italian encyclopedia of music (English menu navigation) 7432:

The History of American Catholic Hymnals Since Vatican II

7111: 5986:"A Roman Rapper Comes to New York, Where He Can Get Real" 4996:, the French fashion of performing popular music at the 4332:

style. Elements of harmony and melody from both jazz and

3751:, drums. Several regions have their own distinct form of 3665:, accordion, violin and small drums, adorned with bells. 3233: 3181:

Confédération Internationale de Musique Electroacoustique

2393:

as Marcello of "O Mimì, tu più non-torni" from Act IV of

1941: 8629: 8550:

Italia vol. 1: i balli, gli strumenti, i canti religiosi

8496:

Studies in the History of Italian Music and Music Theory

6805: 6687: 4841: 4516:

and those who are viewed as singers of "protest music".

3698:; dialect names for the bagpipe vary throughout Italy-- 8656: 7520:

Carpitella, Diego (1975). "Der Diaulos des Celestino".

7451:

Oggi ho salvato il mondo; Canzoni di protesta 1990-2005

6885: 5702:, an inventory and index of source material. Also, the 5489:

Venues for music in Italy include concerts at the many

4551:

whose post-war career included the scores for films by

3975:. Other couples dances are collectively referred to as 2565:, one of the most popular and acclaimed opera composers 2055:, who composed the Republican hymn for the short-lived 8393:

La canzone epico-lirica nell'Italia centro-meridionale

7020:"The Legacy of Giorgio Moroder, the "Father of Disco"" 6972:"Giorgio Moroder – Biography, Albums, Streaming Links" 6770: 6470:"Latin, Gregorian Chant, and the Spirit of Vatican II" 3483:

dialect is commonly used in song. The Apulian city of

1770:

is believed to have been founded in the 17th century.

1719:

Italy's most famous composers include the Renaissance

8386:(in German). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann. 7707:

Giurati, Giovanni (1995). "Italian Ethnomusicology".

7128: 6526: 6524: 6374:, p. )? refers to the "unprivileged classes" as 5666:

Within the courtyard of the Naples Music Conservatory

5599:", the modern Italian words to which were written by 5194:

is characteristic. Italy was at the forefront of the

4561:

series. Other prominent film score composers include

3197:

common to other European traditions, and is known as

3146:. He also invented and built instruments such as the 1833:

films included complex scores by composers including

8168:

The Rise of Music in the Ancient World East and West

7079:

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World

6721: 5917: 5915: 5400:

is one of the best-known artists who fused pop with

5042:. The main performer, usually a woman, was called a 4796:

Italy has been an important country with regards to

2688:. Until approximately 1800, it was possible to hear 9213:

Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia

7617:Farmer, Henry George (1957). "The Music of Islam". 7587:

I quattro antichi conservatori di musica a Napoli (

7326:] (in Italian). Rai Educational. Archived from 6831: 6570: 5921: 5732:; on Sicilian music, published in 1907 and 1921 by 5452:

Inside a Feltrinelli superstore showing rows of CDs

4429:: this wave began in the 1960s with musicians like 4184:) used instruments to perform operatic arias, with 1805:and pop movements of the 1970s, with bands such as 8668:: Organization to promote computer music research. 8588:(in Italian). LP disk. Tradition Records TLP 1030. 8235: 8165: 7770:Canti e strumenti popolari della Romagna Bidentina 7663:. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. 7618: 7193:"Christmas (3)--Tu scendi dalle stelle, music (2)" 6958:"Giorgio Moroder: Godfather of Modern Dance Music" 6521: 6097: 5984: 5956:Keller, Catalano and Colicci (25 September 2017). 5388:, a multicultural band based in Sicily and led by 4927:was crowned as the greatest album of the 1990s by 4215:". In the 18th century, many composers, including 3371:Italian folk styles are very diverse, and include 3088:, was founded in Reggio Emilia by Vittorio Biagi. 2347:A 1914 recording by popular Italian opera singers 7598:Monti, Giangilberto; Di Pietro, Veronica (2003). 6582: 6311: 5912: 5468: 5083:, is also popular, and the Puerto Rican genre of 4180:, focused in a local village. These civic bands ( 3939:; perhaps the most iconic of Italian dances, the 3578:celebration. Professional female singers perform 3502:is best known for the polyphonic chanting of the 10621: 8418: 7725:Le tradizioni popolari: Canti e musiche popolari 6441: 6228:(1st U.S. ed.). New York: Collins. p. 5888:. Oxford University Press, US; Revised edition. 3857:, and a three-stringed, bowed fiddle called the 3643:, an accordion most closely associated with the 3023:. The style of ballet known as the "spectacles 1691:. Italian music innovation – in 8632:– Online database of Italian indiependent music 8583: 8574: 8565: 7913:Journal of the International Folk Music Council 7589:The Four Ancient Music Conservatories of Naples 6707:"Musica popolare italiana: tradizione e storia" 5497:. Italy also has many well-known international 5186:Italian pop rock has produced major stars like 4792:, one of Italy's most popular electronic groups 3582:similar in style to those elsewhere in Europe. 8058: 7854: 7597: 7448: 6991:"Philip Oakey & Giorgio Moroder: Overview" 6879: 6292:, Vol. 129, No. 1744. (Jun. 1988), pp. 298–299 6074:"Philip Oakey & Giorgio Moroder: Overview" 5699:Répertoire International des Sources Musicales 5631:and has been a vehicle for such performers as 5325:, who later became more influenced by British 4101:in the 1890s and then the arrival of American 3863:, which is also found in similar forms in the 3799:), as are various kinds of drums, such as the 3572:songs are also known, especially those of the 3466:Italian folk musicians performing in Edinburgh 3285:"Napoli e Bello e Stinco" ("Naples Is Lovely") 1837:. In the 1980s, the first star to emerge from 10246: 8714: 8061:New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians 7855:Lochhead, Judy; Aunder, Joseph, eds. (2002). 7772:, Società Editrice "Il Ponte Vecchio", Cesena 7734:Gli strumenti della musica popolare in Italia 7164:. Culturekiosque Publications. Archived from 6822: 6820: 6467: 4808:, blended "melancholy melodies" with pop and 4547:(1954). Another well-known film composer was 3980: 3968: 3962: 3940: 3932: 3872: 3850: 3819: 3803: 3794: 3788: 3772: 3764: 3756: 3719: 3709: 3699: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3652: 3644: 3636: 3615: 3186: 1825:. The same period saw diversification in the 1766:. Italy is known as the birthplace of opera. 1660: 1454: 1392: 977:National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe 587: 8256: 7823: 7794: 7553:(1). The American Historical Review: 74–86. 7089: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6811: 6693: 6444:"Musician to Five Popes: Don Lorenzo Perosi" 6015: 5457:opposed to the US, in first-place with 2.7. 5434:with North African rhythms and instruments. 3264:"Son Soldato Fanteria" ("The Ghost Soldier") 8024:Jazz in Italia. Dalle Origini al dopoguerra 6635: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6351: 6349: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 5161:, credited as the "father of Italian blues" 4931:. Also, a subgenre of Italo dance known as 4602:, the estimated best-selling Italian singer 3320:An unaccompanied Italian-American folk song 10253: 10239: 8721: 8707: 8337:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8323:Vajro, Max (1962). Alberto Marotta (ed.). 8131: 8117:. London: Rough Guides. pp. 189–201. 8018: 7581: 7519: 7449:Bordoni, Carlo; Testani, Gianluca (2006). 6826: 6817: 6776: 6760: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6100:"Sanremo Music Festival kicks off tonight" 5716:Rivista Italiana delle Tradizioni Popolari 3871:. A one-stringed, bowed fiddle called the 3841:tradition, which has a historical base in 2126:and other cities in what was then part of 1667: 1653: 1399: 1385: 594: 580: 8686:: Frequently updated schedule of concerts 8091:(2nd ed.). New York: Dover reprint. 8080:Musica e musicisti nel ventennio fascista 8077: 8012:A Brief History of Naples and Other Tales 7677: 7536:Sorce Keller, Catalano & Colicci 1996 7503:Three Classics in the Aesthetics of Music 7190: 7097:. Rockdetector Series. Cherry Red Books. 6912: 6897: 6765:Sorce Keller, Catalano & Colicci 1996 6652:Sorce Keller, Catalano & Colicci 1996 6640:Sorce Keller, Catalano & Colicci 1996 6502: 6372:Sorce Keller, Catalano & Colicci 1996 6341: 6335: 6165:Sorce Keller, Catalano & Colicci 1996 6043: 6023:. Rockdetector Series. Cherry Red Books. 5749:Centro Nazionale Studi di Musica Popolare 5404:and mediterranean sounds, albums such as 5337:. Other recently imported styles include 5038:was alternately known as the Italianized 3954:dances of love and courting, such as the 3160:from France in 1915; Casella founded the 2118:, the first king of united Italy. Thus, " 2039:, is the world's most famous opera house. 8693:Newsletter of Contemporary Italian Music 8612:Audio clips: Traditional music of Italy. 8579:(in Italian). LP disk. Columbia KL 5174. 8408: 8390: 8103: 8010:Matthews, Jeff and David Taylor (1994). 8009: 7541: 7429: 7415:(in Italian). Milan: Raffaello Cortina. 7235:"Structure of Education System in Italy" 7178: 7044: 6346: 6201: 6170: 6149: 5661: 5574: 5523: 5472: 5447: 5175: 5164: 5153: 5052: 4840: 4800:, especially ever since the creation of 4784: 4766: 4355: 4258: 3914: 3609: 3461: 3398: 3340:has a deep and complex history. Because 3095: 2996: 2904: 2841: 2743: 2739: 2649:Giaccomo Puccini and International Opera 2557: 2088:", ostensibly about the struggle of the 2027: 2012: 1868:Italy contributed to the development of 274:Federation of the Italian Music Industry 17: 8584:Carpitella, Diego; Lomax, Alan (1958). 8493: 8467: 8345: 8242:. New York: Columbia University Press. 7826:Made in Italy. Studies in Popular Music 7706: 7639: 7286:"Sistema educativo e nuovi ordinamenti" 6891: 6788: 6594: 6576: 6221: 6098:Yiorgos Kasapoglou (27 February 2007). 5982: 5317:, whose style was mainly influenced by 983:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy 10622: 8448: 8399: 8303: 8112: 8049: 7990: 7971: 7893:(in Italian). Milan: Edizioni Electa. 7889:Leydi, Robert (1990). "Efisio Melis". 7832: 7731: 7722: 7644:(in Italian). Roma: Un mondo a parte. 7616: 7496: 7467: 7410: 7372: 7221: 7134: 7122: 6988: 6849: 6565: 6553: 6542: 6258: 6120: 6071: 6064: 5883: 4937:("slow and violent") was developed by 3168:to promote modern experimental music. 2723:and his supporter (and future saint), 1884:, which served as inspiration for the 10234: 8702: 8561:. LP disk. Vedette-Albatros VPA 8082. 8556: 8552:. LP disk. Vedette-Albatros VPA 8082. 8547: 8484: 8427: 8381: 8322: 8233: 8224: 8210:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 8205: 8186: 8160: 8086: 7947: 7907: 7888: 7875: 7401: 7343: 7032: 6837: 6748: 6727: 6663: 6588: 6355: 6329: 6317: 6276: 6246: 5901: 5838: 5501:each year, including the Festival of 4130: 3091: 2883:Venice Festival of Contemporary Music 2852: 2734: 2168:'s banning of G.F. Malipiero's opera 2047:were commissioned by royalty and the 1972:have received international acclaim. 9259:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy 8512: 8419:Balilla Pratella, Francesco (1941). 8267:(2). Dance Research Journal: 73–77. 8045:(in Italian). Milan: Sonzogno. 1956. 7828:. London: Routledge. pp. 17–28. 7658: 7499:"Sketch for a New Esthetic of Music" 6913:McDonnell, John (1 September 2008). 6429:"Giacomo Puccini – Italian composer" 6044:McDonnell, John (1 September 2008). 5309:scene began in the early 1990s with 4270:" (better known as "Volare") at the 4252:, the regional minority language of 10260: 8641:: List of major recording companies 8423:(in Italian). Udine: Edizioni Idea. 8414:(in Italian). Rome: Newton Compton. 8325:Il Fascino delle Canzoni Napoletane 7857:Postmodern Music/Postmodern Thought 6306:. Vol. XXX1, no. 9. 1938. 6121:Cirone, Federica (29 August 2023). 5997:from the original on 3 January 2022 5959:Garland Encyclopedia of World Music 4812:, making usage of synthesizers and 3306:"La Tabacchera Mia" ("My Snuffbox") 3116:Sketch for a New Aesthetic of Music 3084:. In 1979, a modern dance company, 2647:, who, in a 1912 pamphlet entitled 1001:National Unity and Armed Forces Day 13: 8728: 8623:: Italian opera, tickets, concerts 8375: 8108:(in Italian). Naples: Altrastampa. 8041:"Cimarosa and Ballo in maschera". 4963: 4531:(1941). Post-war examples include 4072:Problems playing these files? See 4011: 3605: 3516:. Typical instruments include the 3475:of the south. In parts of Apulia ( 3328:Problems playing these files? See 3252: 3162:Società Italiana di Musica Moderna 2439:Problems playing these files? See 2265: 2223: 2102:" could be read as an acronym for 1995: 1975: 14: 10641: 8602: 8531: 8489:(in Italian). Palermo: Flaccovio. 6763:, pp. 422–428, cited in the 6468:Ziegler, Jeff (3 December 1999). 5753:National Academy of Santa Cecilia 5694:Istituto di Bibliografia Musicale 4295:and the popular Neapolitan song, 338:Nationalistic and patriotic songs 10215: 10214: 10203: 8082:(in Italian). Fiesole: Discanto. 8063:. London: Macmillan Publishers. 6944:"Gigi D'Agostino -Gigis Time EP" 4734: 4720: 4706: 4692: 4678: 4664: 4650: 4636: 4622: 4607: 4592: 4578: 4148: 4139: 4051: 4027: 3998: 3310: 3289: 3268: 3166:Corporazione delle Nuove Musiche 2861:(generation of 1880), including 2831:'s Second Symphony, a work that 2629:composer, has been described by 2414: 2410:"Trio Sonata 11", movement No. 3 2375: 2337: 2309: 2281: 2247: 2238: 1520:The Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis 1366: 627: 48: 9944:Orders, decorations, and medals 8395:(in Italian). Rome: Signorelli. 7974:A Linguistic History of Italian 7602:(in Italian). Milan: Garzanti. 7308: 7252: 7227: 7215: 7184: 7154: 7140: 7083: 7071: 7050: 7012: 6982: 6964: 6950: 6936: 6925: 6873: 6864: 6855: 6793: 6782: 6754: 6742: 6733: 6699: 6678: 6669: 6657: 6645: 6559: 6547: 6536: 6516:New Grove Encyclopedia of Music 6508: 6496: 6461: 6435: 6421: 6412: 6403: 6394: 6385: 6361: 6323: 6295: 6282: 6270: 6215: 6196:New Grove Encyclopedia of Music 6144:New Grove Encyclopedia of Music 6137: 5983:Sisario, Ben (3 October 2012). 5962:. Routledge. pp. 604–625. 5854: 5845: 5832: 5823: 5349:performed by artists including 5006:, and there is overlap between 4748: 3500:music of the island of Sardinia 2839:, used native folk traditions. 2679: 1845:. Italian metal bands include 1797:Introduced in the early 1920s, 8615:Musée d'ethnographie de Genève 8517:. Kahn & Averill, London. 8453:. Cambridge University Press. 8089:Music, Physics and Engineering 7710:Yearbook for Traditional Music 7406:(in Italian). Milan: Sonzogno. 6932:Eiffel 65 planet – Discography 6915:"Scene and heard: Italo-disco" 6114: 6091: 6046:"Scene and heard: Italo-disco" 6037: 6009: 5976: 5949: 5928:. Cambridge University Press. 5877: 5686: 5469:Venues, festivals and holidays 4231:. Later, others—most famously 3431:. The lyrics of the Occitanic 2893:'s founding of the periodical 2632:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2333:"Sì, pel ciel marmoreo giuro!" 2114:monarch who eventually became 1912:respectively. Singers such as 1788:—the Neapolitan Song, and the 1711: – such as the 1: 8409:Baldazzi, Gianfranco (1989). 8402:Storia Della Canzone Italiana 8164:(1943). "The Road to Major". 7965:10.1525/aa.1959.61.6.02a00030 7661:Gregorian Chant and Polyphony 7593:(in Italian). Milan: Sandron. 7453:(in Italian). Rome: Fazi ed. 7434:. Chicago: GIA Publications. 7404:Enciclopedia Moderna Italiana 7337: 6409:Ulrich and Pisk, pp. 581–582. 6209:"The Theatre and its history" 5254:, Biglietto per l'Inferno or 5046:in French; the Italian term, 4617:, critically acclaimed singer 4351: 4243:, a well-known church in the 4211:", "Torna a Surriento", and " 4037:"La canzone di Marinella" by 3763:cog rattle and the Calabrian 3239: 3126:Who still knows it nowadays?" 2917:Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli 2174:Enciclopedia Moderna Italiana 2170:La favola del figlio cambiato 2104:Vittorio Emanuele Re d'Italia 2076:. The opera is about ancient 1509:Pontifical Academy of Arcadia 8617:. Accessed 25 November 2010. 8570:. LP disk. Columbia KL 5173. 8404:(in Italian). Rome: Laterza. 8059:Sadie, Stanley, ed. (1995). 7727:(in Italian). Milan: Electa. 7413:Dizionario della Televisione 7292:(in Italian). Archived from 7265:(in Italian). Archived from 6709:(in Italian). 7 January 2010 6125:(in Italian). socialboost.it 5922:Kimbell, David R.B. (1994). 5902:Allen, Edward Heron (1914). 5871: 5657: 5329:. More recent crews include 4870:, as well as genres such as 4411:and international superstar 3124:infinite gradation—infinite! 2668:, and younger peers such as 2108:Victor Emanuel King of Italy 504:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 7: 9984:Water supply and sanitation 9408:Italian geographical region 9276:Monarchy and the World Wars 9218:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 9104:War of the Sicilian Vespers 8757:Timeline of Italian history 8536:. Indiana University Press. 8498:. Oxford University Press. 8494:Palisca, Claude V. (1994). 8306:Media, Industry and Society 8191:. New York: Da Capo Press. 8104:Paliotti, Vittorio (2001). 7951:(1959). "Folk Song Style". 7524:(in German) (18): 422–428. 7162:"Chamber Opera Competition" 7022:. Blisspop. 27 August 2018. 5794: 5561:Giovanni Battista Pergolesi 5437: 4272:1958 Sanremo Music Festival 4239:festival, dedicated to the 3538:Italian folk songs include 2150:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 2057:Neapolitan Republic of 1799 2008: 10: 10646: 9903:Inventions and discoveries 9313:Fall of the Fascist regime 9296:Fourth War of Independence 9254:Expedition of the Thousand 9244:Second War of Independence 8515:Italian 20th Century Music 8468:Levarie, Siegmund (1963). 8134:The Galpin Society Journal 8078:Niccolodi, Fiamma (1984). 7621:Ancient and Oriental Music 7547:American Historical Review 7497:Busoni, Ferruccio (1962). 7358:10.1177/000271623920300105 7197:Around Naples Encyclopedia 6880:Bordoni & Testani 2006 5909:Accessed 5 September 2015. 5742:Francesco Balilla Pratella 5681:Liceo musicale e coreutico 5441: 4967: 4752: 4537:Non c'e pace tra gli ulivi 4523:with scores for the films 4002: 3394: 3243: 3187:Classical music in society 3114:, whose 1907 publication, 3030:Ballet Comique de la Reine 2990: 2887:Maggio Musicale Fiorentino 2551: 2325:Soni Ventorum Wind Quintet 2227: 1338:Italian Cultural Institute 10569: 10531: 10268: 10199: 9997: 9843: 9834: 9698: 9689: 9677:Security and intelligence 9550: 9541: 9403: 9394: 9337: 9264:Third War of Independence 9239:First War of Independence 9226: 9119: 9028: 8909: 8846: 8765: 8749: 8740: 8234:Segel, Harold B. (1987). 8026:(in Italian). Rome: EDT. 7600:Dizionario dei Cantautori 7430:Boccardi, Donald (2001). 5801:Glossary of Italian music 5212:Premiata Forneria Marconi 4525:La Principessa Tarakanova 4328:, who became known for a 4192:for male vocal parts and 4085:and itinerant ensembles. 3557:canti lirico-monostrofici 2986: 2817:String Quartet in E minor 2297:Fulda Symphonic Orchestra 2206:Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco 2140:and was presented to the 1455: 1433:Italo-Dalmatian languages 237:Coca Cola Summer Festival 9355:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 9350:Institutional referendum 8593:Murolo, Roberto (1963). 8513:Webb, Michael D (2008). 8431:The Music Guide to Italy 8384:Italienischer Bankelsang 8087:Olson, Harry F. (1967). 8050:Murolo, Roberto (1963). 6812:Sparti & Veroli 1995 6391:Ulrich and Pisk, p. 531. 5816: 5426:has also released a CD, 5216:Banco del Mutuo Soccorso 5202:. Italian bands such as 5200:Italian progressive rock 4986:Italian progressive rock 3910: 3533: 3526:was a well-known master 3035:Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx 2871:Gian Francesco Malipiero 2859:generazione dell'ottanta 2833:Gian Francesco Malipiero 2805:Giovanni Battista Viotti 2547: 2498:Gian Francesco Malipiero 2371:O Mimì, tu più non-torni 2136:was originally entitled 1811:Banco del Mutuo Soccorso 1709:European classical music 1414:This article is part of 1318:National personification 9878:Emigration and diaspora 9087:Guelphs and Ghibellines 9072:the Sardinian Judicates 8586:Music and Song of Italy 8557:Leydi, Roberto (1969). 8548:Leydi, Roberto (1969). 8485:Leydi, Roberto (1967). 8472:. New York: MacMillan. 8470:Musical Italy Revisited 8449:Gordon, Bonnie (2005). 8400:Borgna, Gianni (1985). 8391:Bronzini, G.B. (1956). 8014:. Naples: Fotoprogetti. 7991:Maiden, Martin (1997). 7972:Maiden, Martin (1994). 7953:American Anthropologist 7640:Fazzini, Paolo (2006). 7411:Baroni, Joseph (2005). 7058:369th Infantry Regiment 6222:Griffin, Clive (2007). 6198:, "Italy", pp. 637–680. 5738:music of Emilia Romagna 5280:Giovanni Lindo Ferretti 5252:Rovescio della Medaglia 4268:Nel blu, dipinto di blu 4127:and folk-based styles. 4061:"Niente da perdere" by 4023:La canzone di Marinella 3230:Italian Communist Party 3082:La Scala Theatre Ballet 2699:, such as the music of 2230:Italian classical music 2218:Italian Communist Party 1886:Eurovision Song Contest 1343:Dante Alighieri Society 354:Il Canto degli Italiani 222:Tenco Plates and Awards 10311:Bosnia and Herzegovina 9760:Science and technology 9708:Italian regions by GDP 9509:Marine protected areas 9181:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 8428:Brody, Elaine (1978). 8260:Dance Research Journal 8225:Sassu, Pietro (1978). 8208:Music in Fascist Italy 8206:Sachs, Harvey (1987). 8187:Sachs, Harvey (2002). 6777:Ricci & Tucci 1988 6684:Magrini (1990), p. 20. 6302:"Maestro v. Fascism". 5884:Erlich, Cyril (1990). 5860:The program is called 5806:Music history of Italy 5667: 5624:Sanremo Music Festival 5597:Tu scendi dalle stelle 5588: 5585:Sanremo Music Festival 5569:Second Vatican Council 5535: 5486: 5453: 5183: 5173: 5162: 5145:prominent publications 5060: 4855: 4798:electronic dance music 4793: 4782: 4364: 4274: 4241:Madonna of Piedigrotta 4016: 3981: 3969: 3963: 3941: 3933: 3924: 3873: 3851: 3820: 3804: 3795: 3789: 3779:, made out of several 3773: 3765: 3757: 3720: 3710: 3700: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3653: 3651:; the diatonic button 3645: 3637: 3621: 3616: 3467: 3404: 3257: 3103: 3004: 2912: 2849: 2751: 2583:Giambattista Pergolesi 2566: 2431:composer and violinist 2385:A 1907 recording with 2270: 2040: 2025: 1882:Sanremo Music Festival 1457:Accademia della Crusca 776:Gallo-Italic of Sicily 312:Festival dei Due Mondi 206:Sanremo Music Festival 42: 9959:Public administration 9067:the Holy Roman Empire 8487:Il folk music revival 8382:Hirdt, Willi (1979). 8327:(in Italian). Naples. 8043:Il Mondo della musica 7995:. London: Routledge. 7993:The Dialects of Italy 7732:Guizzi, Febo (2002). 7680:The Musical Quarterly 7583:di Giacomo, Salvatore 7330:on 24 September 2017. 6800:Il Mondo della musica 6531:Il Mondo della musica 6442:Dubiaga, Michael Jr. 6265:Il Mondo della musica 6253:Il Mondo della musica 5811:Music of the Trecento 5789:University of Bologna 5736:; and studies of the 5665: 5578: 5527: 5493:, symphony halls and 5476: 5451: 5179: 5168: 5157: 5147:such as the journal, 5056: 4844: 4788: 4770: 4359: 4262: 4015: 4005:Italian popular music 3918: 3613: 3530:player of the 1930s. 3465: 3402: 3256: 3099: 3000: 2908: 2845: 2747: 2740:Baroque and Classical 2561: 2323:and performed by the 2269: 2148:, the capital of the 2084:contains the phrase " 2031: 2016: 1464:Enciclopedia Treccani 438:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 368:La Leggenda del Piave 253:(festival and awards) 240:(festival and awards) 217:(festival and awards) 209:(festival and awards) 189:Media and performance 21: 10187:World Heritage Sites 9642:Council of Ministers 9380:Coronavirus pandemic 8778:Currency and coinage 8172:. New York: Norton. 7659:Foil, David (1995). 6474:University Concourse 6378:, a term created by 5886:The Piano: A History 5672:music conservatories 5491:music conservatories 5444:Music media in Italy 5379:Modena City Ramblers 5141:Umbria Jazz Festival 4822:, in cities such as 4686:Francesco De Gregori 4466:Francesco De Gregori 4395:and, more recently, 4318:Latin American music 4301:Salvatore di Giacomo 4217:Alessandro Scarlatti 3342:national unification 3057:and choreography by 2899:La rassegna musicale 2819:, for example. Even 2765:Girolamo Frescobaldi 2611:Ruggiero Leoncavallo 2579:Alessandro Scarlatti 2277:"Preludio Sinfonico" 2133:Un ballo in maschera 1636:Syntactic gemination 1264:World Heritage Sites 1220:Association football 655:Currency and coinage 328:Music media in Italy 302:Umbria Jazz Festival 90:Music conservatories 10532:States with limited 9718:Automotive industry 9657:Metropolitan cities 9203:Early Modern period 9176:Kingdom of Sardinia 9127:Italian city-states 8020:Mazzoletti, Adriano 7976:. London: Longman. 7692:10.1093/mq/LVI.1.27 7505:. New York: Dover. 7203:on 25 February 2007 7125:, pp. 169–201. 7091:Sharpe-Young, Garry 7062:Harlem Hellfighters 6642:, pp. 604–625. 6518:, "Italy", pg. 659. 6484:on 11 November 2006 6480:(4). Archived from 6167:, pp. 613–614. 6146:, "Italy", pg. 664. 6017:Sharpe-Young, Garry 5479:Festival of Ravello 5300:Fleshgod Apocalypse 5172:, gothic metal band 4848:, developer of the 3958:dance in Sardinia. 3869:Southeastern Europe 3783:in a wooden frame. 3684:) and double-reed ( 3555:) and lyric songs ( 3508:. The sound of the 3479:, for example) the 3449:) or the bagpipes ( 2973:Carlo Maria Giulini 2945:Severino Gazzelloni 2875:Ildebrando Pizzetti 2571:Florentine Camerata 2522:Salvatore Sciarrino 2295:, performed by the 2018:Teatro di San Carlo 1900:won Eurovision, in 1863:Fleshgod Apocalypse 1750:; and the Romantic 1137:and performing arts 9780:Telecommunications 9147:Maritime republics 7835:Current Musicology 7095:A–Z of Power Metal 7066:James Reese Europe 6852:, notes to vol. 1. 6751:, pp. 108–109 6739:Guizzi, pp. 43–44. 6021:A–Z of Power Metal 5991:The New York Times 5785:University of Rome 5704:Discoteca di Stato 5668: 5589: 5541:Guardia di Finanza 5536: 5487: 5454: 5432:canzone Napoletana 5244:Balletto di Bronzo 5184: 5174: 5163: 5061: 4856: 4832:experimental music 4794: 4783: 4365: 4326:Alberto Rabagliati 4275: 4225:Giovanni Paisiello 4205:canzone Napoletana 4201:Canzone Napoletana 4196:for female parts. 4131:Early popular song 4088:Canzone Napoletana 4017: 3925: 3622: 3553:canti epico-lirici 3468: 3457:canto epico lirico 3405: 3338:Italian folk music 3258: 3246:Italian folk music 3107:Experimental music 3104: 3092:Experimental music 3011:, was a center of 3005: 2921:Quartetto Italiano 2913: 2853:Romantic to Modern 2850: 2847:Domenico Scarlatti 2797:Giuseppe Gariboldi 2785:Domenico Scarlatti 2769:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2752: 2735:Instrumental music 2645:Fausto Terrefranca 2587:Gioacchino Rossini 2575:Claudio Monteverdi 2567: 2534:Gian Carlo Menotti 2526:Luigi Dallapiccola 2470:experimental music 2291:Operatic music by 2271: 2041: 2026: 1890:Gigliola Cinquetti 1786:Canzone Napoletana 1774:Italian folk music 1036:Oriental Orthodoxy 214:Festival di Napoli 43: 22:Italian composers 10617: 10616: 10228: 10227: 10195: 10194: 9830: 9829: 9765:Southern question 9685: 9684: 9617:Political parties 9565:Foreign relations 9537: 9536: 9390: 9389: 9111:Kingdom of Naples 9099:Kingdom of Sicily 8532:White, Robert C. 8524:978-1-871-08289-0 8106:Salone Margherita 7239:EuroEducation.net 7168:on 8 August 2014. 7104:978-1-901447-13-2 6694:Sorce Keller 1984 6376:classi subalterne 6290:The Musical Times 6239:978-0-06-124182-6 6030:978-1-901447-13-2 5969:978-1-3515-4426-9 5935:978-0-5214-6643-1 5895:978-0-1981-6171-4 5787:and Leydi at the 5763:and the Italian, 5757:Giorgio Nataletti 5730:Mario Giulio Fara 5605:Alphonsus Liguori 5430:, of traditional 5264:Picchio dal Pozzo 5032:Salone Margherita 5030:in Italy was the 4586:Adriano Celentano 4545:Giulietta e Romeo 4533:Goffredo Petrassi 4521:Riccardo Zandonai 4506:Angelo Branduardi 4486:Roberto Vecchioni 4474:Francesco Guccini 4431:Fabrizio De André 4381:Adriano Celentano 4233:Gaetano Donizetti 4213:Funiculi Funicula 4164:Luciano Pavarotti 4056: 4047:Niente da perdere 4039:Fabrizio de André 4032: 3881:is known for the 3853:chitarra battente 3487:is a home of the 3422:music of Sardinia 3391:national symbol. 3346:Italian peninsula 3344:came late to the 3315: 3294: 3273: 3140:The Art of Noises 3039:French Revolution 2929:Salvatore Accardo 2879:Ottorino Respighi 2829:Giuseppe Martucci 2777:Arcangelo Corelli 2761:Giovanni Gabrieli 2713:Cecilian Movement 2595:Gaetano Donizetti 2585:, and, later, of 2542:Goffredo Petrassi 2486:Ottorino Respighi 2425:Arcangelo Corelli 2419: 2380: 2342: 2314: 2286: 2116:Victor Emanuel II 2080:kingdom, but the 2053:Domenico Cimarosa 1764:Luciano Pavarotti 1677: 1676: 1503:The Divine Comedy 1487:Placiti Cassinesi 1446: 1409: 1408: 1313:National monument 1031:Eastern Orthodoxy 1026:Roman Catholicism 604: 603: 571: 570: 374: 373: 333: 332: 254: 241: 218: 210: 10637: 10570:Dependencies and 10269:Sovereign states 10262:Music of Europe 10255: 10248: 10241: 10232: 10231: 10218: 10217: 10210:Italy portal 10207: 10206: 10147:National symbols 9841: 9840: 9696: 9695: 9548: 9547: 9401: 9400: 9281:Kingdom of Italy 9208:Napoleonic Italy 8747: 8746: 8723: 8716: 8709: 8700: 8699: 8691: 8682: 8673: 8664: 8655: 8646: 8639:Net Music Italia 8637: 8628: 8610: 8598: 8589: 8580: 8571: 8562: 8553: 8542:Audio recordings 8537: 8534:Italian Art Song 8528: 8509: 8490: 8481: 8464: 8445: 8424: 8415: 8405: 8396: 8387: 8371: 8342: 8336: 8328: 8319: 8300: 8253: 8241: 8230: 8221: 8202: 8183: 8171: 8157: 8128: 8109: 8100: 8083: 8074: 8055: 8046: 8037: 8015: 8006: 7987: 7968: 7944: 7904: 7885: 7870: 7850: 7829: 7820: 7791: 7747: 7728: 7718: 7703: 7674: 7655: 7636: 7624: 7613: 7594: 7578: 7533: 7516: 7493: 7464: 7445: 7426: 7407: 7398: 7369: 7332: 7331: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7301: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7271: 7264: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7199:. Archived from 7188: 7182: 7176: 7170: 7169: 7158: 7152: 7151: 7144: 7138: 7132: 7126: 7120: 7109: 7108: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7023: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7003: 7001: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6940: 6934: 6929: 6923: 6922: 6910: 6895: 6894:, pp. 7–19. 6889: 6883: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6862: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6824: 6815: 6809: 6803: 6797: 6791: 6786: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6737: 6731: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6682: 6676: 6673: 6667: 6666:, pp. 48–50 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6637: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6563: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6540: 6534: 6528: 6519: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6465: 6459: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6448:Seattle Catholic 6439: 6433: 6432: 6425: 6419: 6418:Crocker, p. 517. 6416: 6410: 6407: 6401: 6400:Crocker, p. 487. 6398: 6392: 6389: 6383: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6344: 6339: 6333: 6327: 6321: 6315: 6309: 6307: 6299: 6293: 6286: 6280: 6279:, pp. 23–27 6274: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6205: 6199: 6193: 6168: 6162: 6147: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6118: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5988: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5953: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5919: 5910: 5908: 5899: 5881: 5865: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5843: 5836: 5830: 5827: 5765:Diego Carpitella 5728:in 1913–1914 by 5633:Domenico Modugno 5507:Festival Puccini 5333:like Sardinia's 5331:gangster rappers 5284:Rhapsody of Fire 5196:progressive rock 5143:, and there are 4948:, who won three 4915:Blue (Da Ba Dee) 4810:electronic music 4738: 4724: 4710: 4696: 4682: 4668: 4654: 4640: 4626: 4611: 4596: 4582: 4553:Federico Fellini 4385:Claudio Baglioni 4369:Domenico Modugno 4264:Domenico Modugno 4152: 4143: 4058: 4057: 4034: 4033: 4014: 3986: 3974: 3966: 3944: 3938: 3876: 3856: 3825: 3809: 3798: 3792: 3778: 3770: 3762: 3755:, including the 3740:, and so forth. 3723: 3713: 3703: 3697: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3656: 3650: 3642: 3620:, a folk bagpipe 3619: 3477:Grecìa Salentina 3317: 3316: 3296: 3295: 3275: 3274: 3255: 3226:Sylvano Bussotti 3194:Teatro San Carlo 3153:musique concrète 3144:Musica Futurista 3112:Ferruccio Busoni 3101:Ferruccio Busoni 3055:Romualdo Marenco 3053:, with music by 3043:Salvatore Viganò 3002:Enrico Cecchetti 2957:Ferruccio Busoni 2949:Arturo Toscanini 2933:Maurizio Pollini 2910:Niccolò Paganini 2837:Leone Sinigaglia 2809:Niccolò Paganini 2789:Luigi Boccherini 2727:. The advent of 2591:Vincenzo Bellini 2518:Sylvano Bussotti 2490:Ferruccio Busoni 2482:electronic music 2421: 2420: 2382: 2381: 2344: 2343: 2321:Giuseppe Cambini 2316: 2315: 2288: 2287: 2268: 2251: 2242: 2194:Arturo Toscanini 2190:Ferruccio Busoni 2128:Austro-Hungarian 1986:musical notation 1952:, Grammy winner 1914:Domenico Modugno 1874:electronic music 1847:Rhapsody of Fire 1803:progressive rock 1778:Italian identity 1760:Maurizio Pollini 1742:; the classical 1669: 1662: 1655: 1595:Verb conjugation 1460: 1459: 1450:Regional Italian 1440: 1424:Italian language 1411: 1410: 1401: 1394: 1387: 1373:Italy portal 1371: 1370: 1369: 781:Italian Germanic 631: 622: 620:Culture of Italy 606: 605: 596: 589: 582: 385: 384: 344: 343: 307:Ravello Festival 252: 239: 216: 208: 195: 194: 138:Progressive rock 52: 51: 45: 44: 10645: 10644: 10640: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10635: 10634: 10620: 10619: 10618: 10613: 10571: 10565: 10551:Northern Cyprus 10533: 10527: 10443:North Macedonia 10264: 10259: 10229: 10224: 10204: 10191: 10162:Public holidays 9993: 9939:Life expectancy 9826: 9681: 9597:Law enforcement 9533: 9386: 9333: 9322:Social Republic 9286:Colonial Empire 9269:Capture of Rome 9222: 9115: 9024: 8917:Ancient peoples 8905: 8842: 8803:Historic states 8761: 8736: 8727: 8689: 8680: 8671: 8662: 8653: 8644: 8635: 8626: 8608: 8605: 8592: 8525: 8506: 8461: 8442: 8378: 8376:Further reading 8348:Ethnomusicology 8330: 8329: 8316: 8273:10.2307/1478040 8250: 8227:La musica sarda 8218: 8199: 8180: 8125: 8071: 8040: 8034: 8003: 7984: 7901: 7867: 7797:Ethnomusicology 7788: 7744: 7671: 7652: 7633: 7610: 7559:10.2307/1845070 7543:Charanis, Peter 7538:, pp. 616. 7513: 7482:10.2307/1290672 7461: 7442: 7423: 7387:10.2307/3052049 7340: 7335: 7314: 7313: 7309: 7299: 7297: 7296:on 16 July 2006 7284: 7275: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7233: 7232: 7228: 7220: 7216: 7206: 7204: 7191:Jeff Matthews. 7189: 7185: 7177: 7173: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7133: 7129: 7121: 7112: 7105: 7088: 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2310: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2293:Giacomo Puccini 2289: 2282: 2279: 2272: 2266: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2244: 2243: 2232: 2226: 2224:Classical music 2186:Alfredo Casella 2182:Pietro Mascagni 2178:Giacomo Puccini 2049:Catholic Church 2011: 1998: 1996:Social identity 1990:Gregorian chant 1982:Italian culture 1978: 1976:Characteristics 1958:Eros Ramazzotti 1926:Raffaella Carrà 1878:Giorgio Moroder 1839:Italian hip hop 1835:Ennio Morricone 1827:cinema of Italy 1673: 1497:Dolce Stil Novo 1492:Sicilian School 1482:Veronese Riddle 1405: 1367: 1365: 1358: 1357: 1333: 1332: 1323: 1322: 1303:National anthem 1288: 1287: 1276: 1275: 1259: 1258: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1213: 1212: 1201: 1200: 1161: 1160: 1149: 1148: 1139: 1138: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1119: 1108: 1107: 1093: 1092: 1081: 1080: 1021: 1020: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 964: 963: 952: 951: 950: 949: 871: 870: 859: 858: 844: 843: 821: 820: 741: 740: 722: 721: 720: 719: 680:Historic states 643: 642: 618: 600: 347:National anthem 289:Music festivals 282:(airplay chart) 183:Gregorian chant 72: 49: 12: 11: 5: 10643: 10633: 10632: 10630:Music of Italy 10615: 10614: 10612: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10575: 10573: 10572:other entities 10567: 10566: 10564: 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10537: 10535: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10518:United Kingdom 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10331:Czech Republic 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10272: 10270: 10266: 10265: 10258: 10257: 10250: 10243: 10235: 10226: 10225: 10223: 10222: 10212: 10200: 10197: 10196: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 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9426: 9425: 9423:Climate change 9415: 9410: 9404: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9388: 9387: 9385: 9384: 9383: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9341: 9339: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9331: 9330: 9329: 9324: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9299: 9298: 9288: 9283: 9273: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9230: 9228: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9199: 9198: 9188: 9186:Duchy of Savoy 9183: 9178: 9173: 9172: 9171: 9170: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9154: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9113: 9108: 9107: 9106: 9096: 9094:Lombard League 9091: 9090: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9032: 9030: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9018: 9016:Western Empire 9008: 9003: 9001:Roman conquest 8998: 8993: 8983: 8982: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8955: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8922:Italic peoples 8913: 8911: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8850: 8848: 8844: 8843: 8841: 8840: 8835: 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Dodd, Mead. 8425: 8416: 8406: 8397: 8388: 8377: 8374: 8373: 8372: 8360:10.2307/924462 8343: 8320: 8314: 8301: 8254: 8248: 8231: 8222: 8216: 8203: 8197: 8184: 8178: 8158: 8146:10.2307/842707 8129: 8123: 8110: 8101: 8084: 8075: 8069: 8056: 8047: 8038: 8032: 8016: 8007: 8001: 7988: 7982: 7969: 7945: 7925:10.2307/834750 7905: 7899: 7886: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7865: 7830: 7821: 7809:10.2307/851432 7792: 7786: 7773: 7766:Fabio Lombardi 7763: 7752:Fabio Lombardi 7749: 7742: 7729: 7720: 7704: 7675: 7669: 7656: 7650: 7637: 7631: 7614: 7608: 7595: 7579: 7539: 7522:Musikforschung 7517: 7511: 7494: 7465: 7459: 7446: 7440: 7427: 7421: 7408: 7399: 7375:American Music 7370: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7307: 7272:on 8 June 2006 7251: 7226: 7214: 7183: 7171: 7153: 7139: 7137:, p. 216. 7127: 7110: 7103: 7082: 7070: 7049: 7037: 7025: 7011: 6981: 6963: 6949: 6935: 6924: 6896: 6884: 6872: 6863: 6854: 6842: 6830: 6816: 6804: 6792: 6781: 6769: 6767:, p. 616. 6753: 6741: 6732: 6730:, p. 179. 6720: 6698: 6686: 6677: 6668: 6656: 6644: 6593: 6581: 6569: 6558: 6546: 6535: 6520: 6507: 6503:Friedland 1970 6495: 6460: 6434: 6431:. 11 May 2023. 6420: 6411: 6402: 6393: 6384: 6360: 6345: 6342:Niccolodi 1984 6334: 6322: 6310: 6294: 6281: 6269: 6257: 6245: 6238: 6214: 6200: 6169: 6148: 6136: 6113: 6102:. esctoday.com 6090: 6063: 6036: 6029: 6008: 5975: 5968: 5948: 5934: 5911: 5894: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5853: 5844: 5831: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5796: 5793: 5734:Alberto Favara 5688: 5685: 5659: 5656: 5648:I raccomandati 5640:Buona Domenica 5628:Teatro Ariston 5581:Teatro Ariston 5470: 5467: 5439: 5436: 5319:East Coast rap 5296:Forgotten Tomb 5101:Andrea Bocelli 5040:caffè-concerto 4965: 4962: 4950:Academy Awards 4934:Lento Violento 4896:East Side Beat 4851:Lento Violento 4750: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4733: 4731: 4726: 4719: 4717: 4712: 4705: 4703: 4698: 4691: 4689: 4684: 4677: 4675: 4670: 4663: 4661: 4658:Andrea Bocelli 4656: 4649: 4647: 4644:Lucio Battisti 4642: 4635: 4633: 4628: 4621: 4619: 4613: 4606: 4604: 4598: 4591: 4589: 4584: 4577: 4571:Piero Umiliani 4490:Lucio Battisti 4417:Andrea Bocelli 4409:Gianna Nannini 4389:Ornella Vanoni 4353: 4350: 4221:Leonardo Vinci 4157: 4156: 4147: 4146: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4069: 4060: 4050: 4045: 4044: 4036: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4010: 4009: 4008: 4003:Main article: 4000: 3997: 3989:Muzio Clementi 3923:, 18th century 3912: 3909: 3905:Fabio Lombardi 3895:) is found in 3865:music of Crete 3775:triccaballacca 3607: 3604: 3535: 3532: 3396: 3393: 3325: 3319: 3309: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3288: 3283: 3282: 3277: 3267: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3251: 3250: 3249: 3244:Main article: 3241: 3238: 3188: 3185: 3171:In the 1950s, 3134:, the Italian 3128: 3127: 3093: 3090: 3078:Bolshoi Ballet 3059:Luigi Manzotti 2993:Italian ballet 2991:Main article: 2988: 2985: 2965:Ruggero Chiesa 2961:Claudio Abbado 2953:Mario Brunello 2941:Aldo Ciccolini 2891:Guido M. Gatti 2854: 2851: 2813:Giuseppe Verdi 2793:Muzio Clementi 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2721:Lorenzo Perosi 2681: 2678: 2661:Suvini Zerboni 2603:Giovane Scuola 2599:Giuseppe Verdi 2563:Giuseppe Verdi 2552:Main article: 2549: 2546: 2463:Claude Debussy 2451:Richard Wagner 2436: 2423: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2391:Antonio Scotti 2384: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2357:Giuseppe Verdi 2346: 2336: 2331: 2330: 2318: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2290: 2280: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2246: 2245: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2228:Main article: 2225: 2222: 2158:King of Sweden 2068:Giuseppe Verdi 2010: 2007: 1997: 1994: 1977: 1974: 1922:Andrea Bocelli 1859:Forgotten Tomb 1675: 1674: 1672: 1671: 1664: 1657: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1638: 1630: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1607: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1589: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1514:Italian Purism 1511: 1506: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1476: 1475: 1469: 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98: 97: 92: 87: 79: 78: 77:General topics 74: 73: 71: 70: 64: 61: 60: 58:Music of Italy 54: 53: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10642: 10631: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10584:Faroe Islands 10582: 10580: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10568: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10556:South Ossetia 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10530: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10403:Liechtenstein 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 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9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9424: 9421: 9420: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9393: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9365:Years of Lead 9363: 9361: 9360:Economic Boom 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9336: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9303:Fascist Italy 9301: 9297: 9294: 9293: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9277: 9274: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9249:Niçard exodus 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9235: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9225: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9168: 9165: 9163: 9160: 9158: 9155: 9153: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9118: 9112: 9109: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9034: 9033: 9031: 9027: 9017: 9014: 9013: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8988: 8987: 8984: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8969:Magna Graecia 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8924: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8908: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8856: 8855: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8845: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8724: 8719: 8717: 8712: 8710: 8705: 8704: 8701: 8694: 8688: 8685: 8679: 8676: 8670: 8667: 8661: 8658: 8652: 8649: 8643: 8640: 8634: 8631: 8625: 8622: 8619: 8616: 8613: 8607: 8606: 8596: 8591: 8587: 8582: 8578: 8573: 8569: 8564: 8560: 8555: 8551: 8546: 8545: 8544: 8543: 8535: 8530: 8526: 8520: 8516: 8511: 8507: 8505:0-19-816167-0 8501: 8497: 8492: 8488: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8471: 8466: 8462: 8460:0-521-84529-7 8456: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8441:0-396-07436-7 8437: 8433: 8432: 8426: 8422: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8403: 8398: 8394: 8389: 8385: 8380: 8379: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8354:(3): 186–87. 8353: 8349: 8344: 8340: 8334: 8326: 8321: 8317: 8315:0-8264-6321-5 8311: 8307: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8261: 8255: 8251: 8249:9780231051286 8245: 8240: 8239: 8232: 8228: 8223: 8219: 8217:0-297-79004-8 8213: 8209: 8204: 8200: 8198:0-306-80137-X 8194: 8190: 8185: 8181: 8179:0-393-09718-8 8175: 8170: 8169: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8135: 8130: 8126: 8124:1-85828-636-0 8120: 8116: 8111: 8107: 8102: 8098: 8094: 8090: 8085: 8081: 8076: 8072: 8070:1-56159-174-2 8066: 8062: 8057: 8053: 8048: 8044: 8039: 8035: 8033:88-7063-704-2 8029: 8025: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8008: 8004: 8002:0-415-11104-8 7998: 7994: 7989: 7985: 7983:0-582-05928-3 7979: 7975: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7959:(6): 927–54. 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7906: 7902: 7900:88-435-3246-4 7896: 7892: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7874: 7868: 7866:0-8153-3820-1 7862: 7859:. Routledge. 7858: 7853:Reprinted in 7852: 7851: 7848: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7831: 7827: 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7793: 7789: 7787:0-8240-6034-2 7783: 7779: 7774: 7771: 7767: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7759:Roberto Leydi 7753: 7750: 7745: 7743:88-7096-325-X 7739: 7735: 7730: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7712: 7711: 7705: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7676: 7672: 7670:1-884822-41-X 7666: 7662: 7657: 7653: 7651:88-89481-06-4 7647: 7643: 7638: 7634: 7632:0-19-316301-2 7628: 7623: 7622: 7615: 7611: 7609:88-11-74035-5 7605: 7601: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7534:cited in the 7531: 7527: 7523: 7518: 7514: 7512:0-486-20320-4 7508: 7504: 7500: 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7466: 7462: 7460:88-7966-409-3 7456: 7452: 7447: 7443: 7441:1-57999-121-1 7437: 7433: 7428: 7424: 7422:88-7078-972-1 7418: 7414: 7409: 7405: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7342: 7341: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7319: 7311: 7295: 7291: 7287: 7268: 7261: 7255: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7223: 7218: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7187: 7180: 7179:Boccardi 2001 7175: 7167: 7163: 7157: 7149: 7148:Rapporto 2005 7143: 7136: 7131: 7124: 7119: 7117: 7115: 7106: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7080: 7074: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7053: 7046: 7045:Paliotti 2001 7041: 7034: 7029: 7021: 7015: 7008: 6996: 6992: 6985: 6977: 6973: 6967: 6959: 6953: 6945: 6939: 6933: 6928: 6920: 6916: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6901: 6893: 6888: 6882:, p. 237 6881: 6876: 6867: 6858: 6851: 6846: 6840:, p. 17. 6839: 6834: 6828: 6823: 6821: 6813: 6808: 6802:, pp. 682–687 6801: 6796: 6790: 6785: 6778: 6773: 6766: 6762: 6757: 6750: 6745: 6736: 6729: 6724: 6708: 6702: 6695: 6690: 6681: 6672: 6665: 6660: 6653: 6648: 6641: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6590: 6585: 6578: 6573: 6567: 6562: 6555: 6550: 6544: 6539: 6533:, pp. 139–142 6532: 6527: 6525: 6517: 6514:Cited in the 6511: 6504: 6499: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6464: 6449: 6445: 6438: 6430: 6424: 6415: 6406: 6397: 6388: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6352: 6350: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6305: 6298: 6291: 6285: 6278: 6273: 6266: 6261: 6254: 6249: 6241: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6218: 6210: 6204: 6197: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6166: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6145: 6140: 6124: 6117: 6101: 6094: 6079: 6075: 6067: 6051: 6047: 6040: 6032: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6012: 5996: 5992: 5987: 5979: 5971: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5952: 5937: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5925:Italian Opera 5918: 5916: 5906: 5897: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5876: 5863: 5857: 5848: 5840: 5835: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5798: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5773:Roberto Leydi 5770: 5769:roots revival 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5745: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5717: 5712: 5711:ethnographers 5707: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5684: 5682: 5676: 5673: 5664: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5625: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5552: 5550: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5534: 5533:military band 5531: 5526: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5484: 5480: 5475: 5466: 5464: 5458: 5450: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5429: 5428:Oggi o dimane 5425: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5382: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5089:Laura Pausini 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5073:rock and roll 5070: 5066: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5036:Café-chantant 5033: 5029: 5028:café-chantant 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5008:café-chantant 5005: 5001: 5000: 4999:café-chantant 4995: 4994: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954:Golden Globes 4951: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4860:Pet Shop Boys 4853: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4814:drum machines 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4787: 4781: 4777: 4774:, pioneer of 4773: 4769: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4743: 4742:Marco Mengoni 4737: 4732: 4729: 4728:Tiziano Ferro 4723: 4718: 4715: 4709: 4704: 4701: 4695: 4690: 4687: 4681: 4676: 4673: 4672:Laura Pausini 4667: 4662: 4659: 4653: 4648: 4645: 4639: 4634: 4631: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4605: 4601: 4595: 4590: 4587: 4581: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4558:The Godfather 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4470:Ivano Fossati 4467: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4443:Umberto Bindi 4440: 4439:Giorgio Gaber 4436: 4432: 4428: 4427:protest songs 4424: 4423: 4418: 4414: 4413:Laura Pausini 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4362: 4358: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4277:The music of 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4174: 4173:Italian opera 4165: 4161: 4160:Enrico Caruso 4151: 4142: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4099: 4098:Café-chantant 4094: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4077: 4075: 4064: 4048: 4040: 4024: 4006: 3999:Popular music 3996: 3992: 3990: 3985: 3984: 3978: 3973: 3972: 3965: 3959: 3957: 3952: 3951:weapon dances 3948: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3930: 3929:magico-ritual 3922: 3917: 3908: 3907:'s research. 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3837:is home to a 3836: 3831: 3829: 3824: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3801:friction drum 3797: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3776: 3769: 3768: 3761: 3760: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3741: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3641: 3640: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3618: 3612: 3603: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3566: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3464: 3460: 3458: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3447: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3410: 3401: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3331: 3307: 3286: 3265: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214:Luciano Berio 3210: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3199:postmodernism 3195: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3173:Luciano Berio 3169: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3132:Luigi Russolo 3125: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3108: 3102: 3098: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3068: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2981:Riccardo Muti 2978: 2977:Oscar Ghiglia 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2895:Il Pianoforte 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2863:Franco Alfano 2860: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2666:Aldo Clementi 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2554:Italian opera 2545: 2543: 2539: 2538:Jacopo Napoli 2535: 2531: 2530:Carlo Jachino 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2510:Luciano Berio 2507: 2506:Bruno Maderna 2503: 2502:Franco Alfano 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2455:Gustav Mahler 2452: 2444: 2442: 2430: 2426: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2387:Enrico Caruso 2372: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2353:Enrico Caruso 2350: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2278: 2250: 2241: 2231: 2221: 2219: 2214: 2213:roots revival 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2006: 2002: 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1962:Tiziano Ferro 1959: 1955: 1954:Laura Pausini 1951: 1947: 1946:Umberto Tozzi 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1782:popular music 1779: 1775: 1771: 1769: 1768:Italian opera 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693:musical scale 1690: 1686: 1682: 1670: 1665: 1663: 1658: 1656: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1641:Tuscan gorgia 1639: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1527:The Betrothed 1524: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331:Organisations 1327: 1326: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1251: 1250: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1077: 1076:Irreligiosity 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1041:Protestantism 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1012: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 979:(10 February) 978: 975: 972: 971:Tricolour Day 969: 968: 962: 956: 955: 946: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 909: 906: 905: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 875: 869: 863: 862: 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 842: 838: 832: 831: 828: 825: 824: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 766:Aostan French 764: 762: 761:Slavomolisano 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 743: 739: 733: 732: 729: 726: 725: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 647: 641: 635: 634: 630: 626: 625: 621: 617: 616: 612: 608: 607: 597: 592: 590: 585: 583: 578: 577: 575: 574: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 545: 544: 541:Related areas 540: 539: 532: 529: 528: 527: 524: 522: 519: 515: 512: 511: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 473: 470: 469: 468: 465: 461: 458: 457: 456: 453: 449: 446: 445: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 427: 424: 423: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 393: 392: 391: 387: 386: 383: 382: 378: 377: 369: 365: 364: 360: 359: 355: 351: 350: 346: 345: 342: 341: 337: 336: 329: 326: 325: 321: 320: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 299: 298: 295: 294: 293: 292: 288: 287: 281: 278: 276:(sales chart) 275: 272: 271: 270: 269: 265: 264: 259: 256: 251: 248: 246: 243: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 215: 212: 207: 204: 203: 202: 201: 197: 196: 193: 192: 188: 187: 184: 181: 180: 176: 175: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 124: 122: 119: 116: 112: 109: 108: 107: 106: 102: 101: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 82: 81: 80: 76: 75: 69: 66: 65: 63: 62: 59: 56: 55: 47: 46: 41: 37: 33: 29: 25: 20: 16: 10561:Transnistria 10523:Vatican City 10387: 10136: 10047:Architecture 10017:Quattrocento 9974:Social class 9954:Prostitution 9868:Demographics 9790:Trade unions 9733:Central Bank 9575:Human rights 9555:Constitution 9338:Contemporary 9308:World War II 9196:Italian Wars 9120:Early modern 9062:Papal States 9040:Italy under 8986:Ancient Rome 8690:(in Italian) 8681:(in Italian) 8672:(in Italian) 8663:(in Italian) 8654:(in Italian) 8645:(in Italian) 8636:(in Italian) 8627:(in Italian) 8594: 8585: 8576: 8567: 8558: 8549: 8541: 8540: 8533: 8514: 8495: 8486: 8469: 8450: 8430: 8420: 8410: 8401: 8392: 8383: 8351: 8347: 8324: 8305: 8264: 8258: 8237: 8226: 8207: 8188: 8167: 8137: 8133: 8114: 8105: 8088: 8079: 8060: 8051: 8042: 8023: 8011: 7992: 7973: 7956: 7952: 7916: 7912: 7890: 7881: 7877: 7856: 7838: 7834: 7825: 7803:(1): 75–89. 7800: 7796: 7777: 7769: 7755: 7733: 7724: 7714: 7708: 7686:(1): 27–53. 7683: 7679: 7660: 7641: 7620: 7599: 7590: 7586: 7550: 7546: 7521: 7502: 7473: 7469: 7450: 7431: 7412: 7403: 7381:(1): 48–67. 7378: 7374: 7349: 7345: 7328:the original 7323: 7317: 7310: 7298:. 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E. 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Time. 6368:Garland 6056:14 July 5751:at the 5615:" and " 5565:Requiem 5549:musical 5515:Ravello 5503:Spoleto 5413:Sirtaki 5367:respect 5240:Perigeo 5236:Le Orme 5214:(PFM), 5105:Il Volo 5077:hip hop 5016:cabaret 5004:cabaret 4924:Europop 4864:Erasure 4700:Giorgia 4496:, rap, 4346:beguine 4194:cornets 4166:(right) 4158:Tenors 3843:Abruzzi 3781:mallets 3706:Bergamo 3687:piffero 3600:begging 3596:Brescia 3546:songs, 3544:lyrical 3540:ballads 3510:tenores 3505:tenores 3493:Aramirè 3485:Taranto 3395:Regions 2657:Carisch 2627:realist 2429:Baroque 2078:Babylon 2073:Nabucco 2066:" from 1966:Mahmood 1950:Giorgia 1934:Al Bano 1930:Il Volo 1815:Le Orme 1756:Puccini 1748:Rossini 1740:Vivaldi 1733:Baroque 1705:theatre 1697:harmony 1618:Braille 1586:Grammar 1547:Culture 1473:History 1353:Museums 1285:Symbols 1144:Theatre 1071:Sikhism 1051:Judaism 908:Mantuan 903:Lombard 883:Apulian 868:Cuisine 811:Slovene 796:Occitan 746:Italian 715:Railway 710:Postage 685:Judaism 675:Genetic 665:Fashion 660:Economy 640:History 554:Austria 549:Croatia 509:Tuscany 455:Liguria 396:Abruzzo 164:Hip hop 28:Bellini 24:Rossini 10604:Jersey 10546:Kosovo 10508:Turkey 10498:Sweden 10478:Serbia 10468:Russia 10453:Poland 10448:Norway 10428:Monaco 10398:Latvia 10366:Greece 10351:France 10326:Cyprus 10208: 10082:Design 10067:Cinema 10042:Anthem 9964:Racism 9913:People 9888:Health 9750:Energy 9740:Brands 9667:Comune 9662:Cities 9524:Rivers 9484:Canals 9167:Amalfi 9152:Venice 9011:Empire 8952:Veneti 8927:Latins 8899:Latial 8732: 8675:SIBMAS 8521: 8502: 8476: 8457: 8438: 8368:924462 8366: 8312: 8295: 8287: 8279: 8246: 8214: 8195: 8176: 8154:842707 8152: 8121: 8095: 8067: 8030: 7999: 7980: 7941:834750 7939: 7931: 7897: 7863: 7845: 7817:851432 7815: 7784: 7778:Europe 7740: 7698: 7667: 7648: 7629: 7606: 7573: 7565: 7528: 7509: 7488: 7457: 7438: 7419: 7393: 7364: 7101: 7060:(the " 7007:music. 6236: 6129:5 June 6027: 5966: 5932: 5892: 5842:creed. 5646:, and 5567:. 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