3090:
1420:
3977:, madrasas were upgraded to centres of primary education. Post-independence, madrasas hold religious education classes before or after regular schools. The All Kerala Islamic Education Board were the first organization to conduct centralized examinations; subsequently, different schools of Islamic beliefs came forward to form their own Islamic education boards to train teachers and conduct centralized examinations: the Samastha Kerala Islam Matha Vidyabhyasa Board (SKIMVB), the Dakshiana Kerala Islam Matha Vidyabhyasa Board (DKIMVB), the Samastha Kerala Sunni Vidyabhyasa Board (SKSVB) and the Samastha Kerala Islamic Education Board (SKIEB). They are all grounded in
2306:
2699:. As the Portuguese tried to establish monopoly in spice trade, bitter naval battles with the zamorin ruler of Calicut became a common sight. The Portuguese naval forces attacked and looted the Muslim dominated port towns in the Kerala. Ships containing trading goods were drowned, often along with the crew. This activities, in the long run, resulted in the Muslims losing control of the spice trade they had dominated for more than five hundred years. Historians note that in the post-Portuguese period, once-rich Muslim traders turned inland (southern interior Malabar) in search of alternative occupations to commerce.
2050:
3703:
1318:
2788:
38:
3684:
6945:
6955:
3724:
7003:
1254:
769:
2318:
836:
2039:
3663:
168:
2716:(1921â22). The Muslim material strength - along with modern education, theological reform, and active participation in democratic process - recovered slowly after the 1921-22 Uprising. The Muslim numbers in state and central government posts remained staggeringly low. The Muslim literacy rate was only 5% in 1931.
1987:. Mappilas are but one among the many communities that forms the Muslim population of Kerala. According to some scholars, the Mappilas are the oldest settled Muslim community in South Asia. As per some studies, the term "Mappila" denotes not a single community but a variety of Malayali Muslims from Kerala (former
3599:
was a popular form of social entertainment. It was generally performed by a group of women, as a part of wedding ceremonies a day before the wedding day. The bride, dressed in all finery, covered with gold ornaments, is the chief "spectator"; she sits on a pitham, around which the singing and dancing
3582:
Vaikom
Muhammad Basheer (1910â1994), followed by, U. A. Khader, K. T. Muhammed, N. P. Muhammed and Moidu Padiyath are leading Kerala Muslim authors of the modern age. Muslim periodical literature and newspaper dailies â all in Malayalam â are also extensive and critically read among the Muslims. The
2723:
in the following years (c. 1970s). This widespread participation in the "Gulf Rush" produced huge economic and social benefits for the community. A great influx of funds from the earnings of the employed followed. Issues such as widespread poverty, unemployment, and educational backwardness began to
3239:
caste. Formerly a low status group among the
Muslims of Kerala. The other Mappilas used call them "Kadappurattukar", while themselves were known as "Angadikkar". The Kadappurattukar were divided into two endogamous groups on the basis of their occupation, "Valakkar" and "Bepukar". The Bepukar were
3575:
16th century. The ballads are compiled in complex blend of
Dravidian (Malayalam/Tamil) and Arabic, Persian/Urdu in a modified Arabic script. Mappila songs have a distinct cultural identity, as they sound a mix of the ethos and culture of Dravidian South India as well as West Asia. They deal with
2711:
and princely Hindu confederacy in 1792 over the
Kingdom of Mysore placed the Muslims once again in economical and cultural subjection. The subsequent partisan rule of British authorities throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries brought the landless Muslim peasants of Malabar District into a
4004:
Although the Kerala government does not have its own centralizing
Madrasa board, Kerala madrasas affiliate themselves to various madrasa boards backed by various religious institutions, based on different ideologies. Among them, the Samastha Kerala Islam Matha Vidyabhyasa Board (SKIMVB) is the
2498:
royal courts. Travellers have recorded the considerably huge presence of Muslim merchants and settlements of sojourning traders in most of the ports of Kerala. Immigration, intermarriage and missionary activity/conversion â secured by the common interest in the spice trade â helped in this
3205:
The largest community among the
Muslims of Kerala. As per some studies, the term "Mappila" denotes not a single community but a variety of Malayali Muslims from north Kerala (former Malabar District) of different ethnic origins. In south Kerala Malayali Muslims are not called
6118:
Social Groups of
Gujarat : Parsi, Kutchi Gurjar Kashtriya, Ahirs, Mughal, Dhangar, Meghwal, Charan, Nagar Brahmins, Mers, Sıddi, Lohar, Chhipa, Vaghela, Sulaymani, Gauda Brahmins, Gujarati Muslims, Kumhar, Memon People, LOhana, Hujaratı People, Rabari, Khateek, Samma,
3340:
ancient community of
Muslims, claiming Arab origin, originally settled at Bhatkal, Uttara Kannada. Speaks Navayati language. Once distributed in the towns of northern Kerala as a mercantile community. They are mainly distributed in the Northern parts of Malabar bordering
2724:
change. The
Muslims in Kerala are now considered as section of Indian Muslims marked by recovery, change, and positive involvement in the modern world. Malayali Muslim women are now not reluctant to join professional vocations and assuming leadership roles.
3427:
in
Malappuram District.The family was first settled in Mavvancheri in North Malabar and moved to Manjeri in the beginning of the 16th century. Many of the members of the family served as instructor in the use of fire-arms in the employ of various chiefs of
2702:
By the mid-18th century the majority of the Muslims of Kerala were landless labourers, poor fishermen and petty traders, and the community was in "a psychological retreat". The community tried to reverse the trend during the
1916:
2146:(c. 570 â 632 AD). Muslim tombstones with ancient dates, short inscriptions in medieval mosques, and rare Arab coin collections are the major sources of early Muslim presence on the Malabar Coast. Islam arrived in
4168:
Upadhyaya, U. Padmanabha. Coastal Karnataka: Studies in Folkloristic and Linguistic Traditions of Dakshina Kannada Region of the Western Coast of India. Udupi: Rashtrakavi Govind Pai Samshodhana Kendra, 1996.P-
2544:(14th century) has recorded the considerably huge presence of Muslim merchants and settlements of sojourning traders in most of the ports of Kerala. By the early decades of the 14th century, travellers speak of
3244:
In addition to the two endogamous groups there were other service castes like "Kabaru Kilakkunnavar", "Alakkukar", and "Ossans" in Pusalan settlements. Ossan occupied the lowest position in the old hierarchy.
5484:
The Edinburgh review: or critical journal â Sydney Smith, Lord Francis Jeffrey Jeffrey, Macvey Napier, Sir George Cornewall Lewis, William Empson, Harold Cox, Henry Reeve, Arthur Ralph Douglas Elliot (Hon.)
3642:
was an art form once performed in the Malabar region on the eve of the wedding. It was traditionally performed by a group of men from the groomâs side with the putiyappila (the groom) sitting in the middle.
6910:
3636:
was a traditional orchestral musical performance. It is basically the confluence of three musical instrumentsâkuzhal, chenda and cheriya chenda. Muttum Viliyum is also known by the name "Cheenimuttu".
1980:-speaking region in the south-western tip of India, through Middle Eastern merchants. The Indian coast has an ancient relation with West Asia and the Middle East, even during the pre-Islamic period.
2494:
was safe with the West Asian shipping magnates of Kerala ports. The Muslims were a major financial power to be reckoned with in the kingdoms of Kerala and had great political influence in the
3255:
the Ossans were the traditional barbers among the Muslims of Kerala. Formed the lowest rank in the old hierarchy, and were an indispensable part of the village community of Muslims of Kerala.
1995:
were known as Mouros da Terra, or Mouros Malabares in medieval period. Settled foreign Muslims of Kerala were known as Mouros da Arabia/Mouros de Meca. Unlike the common misconception, the
7053:
2010:) with the rest of the non-Muslim population and have a culture commonly regarded as the Malayali culture. Islam is the second largest practised religion in Kerala (26.56%) next to
3466:" speaking community. Migrated as cavalry men under various chiefs, especially in South Travancore. Some of them came South India along with the invasion of the Coromandel by the
7018:
4645:
P. P., Razak Abdul "Colonialism and community formation in Malabar: a study of muslims of Malabar" Unpublished PhD thesis (2013) Department of History, University of Calicut
2712:
condition of destitution, and this led to a series of uprisings (against the Hindu landlords and British administration). The series of violence eventually exploded as the
7088:
7028:
5677:
7083:
5451:
Muslim Architecture of South India: The Sultanate of Ma'bar and the Traditions of the Maritime Settlers on the Malabar and Coromandel Coasts (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Goa)
5133:
Muslim Architecture of South India: The Sultanate of Ma'bar and the Traditions of the Maritime Settlers on the Malabar and Coromandel Coasts (Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Goa)
7113:
7023:
3498:: Muslims: community Stretching along the Tulunadu region. In Kerala they inhabits the coastal area of Kasargod district.They speak their own tongue which is called
7058:
6884:
7048:
3630:, a hand-held, one-sided flat tambourine or drumlike musical instrument. It is made of wood and animal skin, similar to the duff but a little thinner and bigger.
7108:
4431:
6969:
1419:
7188:
7148:
7043:
3576:
themes such as religion, satire, romance, heroism, and politics. Moyinkutty Vaidyar (1875â91) is generally considered as the poet laureate of Mappila Songs.
1921:
4999:
7173:
7128:
7098:
7093:
7219:
7138:
3961:) education systems in India which has been reformed in modern times to include non-religious and religious subjects. Muslim communities, specifically
2610:
explorers in the late 15th century checked the then well-established and wealthy Muslim community's progress. Following the discovery of sea route from
7178:
7123:
7078:
7073:
6991:
4071:
P. Shabna & K. Kalpana (2022) Re-making the self: Discourses of ideal Islamic womanhood in Kerala, Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 28:1, 24-43,
7163:
7143:
4103:
7063:
5879:
4491:
3453:. It is believed that the Nainars first settled in Kerala in the 15th century, entering into contract for certain works with the chiefs of Cochin.
3371:
once multilingual maritime trading community settled in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, the Palk Strait and Sri Lanka. The most famous of the Marakkar were "
6405:
5317:
7068:
6503:
3414:
3118:
school of religious law (known in Kerala as the traditionalist 'Sunnis') while a large minority follow modern movements that developed within
4658:
6230:
3987:, whereas the Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen Vidyabhyasa Board (KNM) and The Council for Islamic Education and Research (CIER) are rooted in
3354:
The origin of the name Naha is supposed to be a transformation of "nakhuda" which means captain of ship. Community concentrated mainly in
5300:
3965:, form literate communities amongst Muslims in India. Historically, madrasas used to impart primary education about the mosque and the
1999:
does exist among the Muslims of Kerala. The Muslims of Southern and Central Kerala or the erstwhile Kingdom of Travancore are known as
3969:
in it. Madrasas were non-residential, whilst residential facilities supported by mosques and the Muslim village community were called
3417:
origin. It is said that the name is a corruption of âKhawajaâ. Held administrative positions in the Kozhikode court of the zamorins.
6302:
1956:
2644:
during 16th-century CE is the first-ever known book fully based on the history of Kerala, written by a Keralite. It is written in
6859:
542:
5951:
4998:
Cereti, C. G. (2009). "The Pahlavi Signatures on the Quilon Copper Plates". In Sundermann, W.; Hintze, A.; de Blois, F. (eds.).
2603:. The "nakhudas", merchant magnates owning ships, spread their shipping and trading business interests across the Indian Ocean.
6999:
6984:
4209:"Sea, community and language: a study on the origin and development of Arabi- Malayalam language of mappila muslims of Malabar"
1908:
4720:
6479:
6209:
6127:
5998:
5961:
5934:
5855:
5551:
5517:
5459:
5432:
5394:
5217:
5175:
5141:
5051:
4902:
4868:
4831:
4770:
4563:
4527:
4131:
2131:(5th century BCE) records that in his time the cinnamon spice industry was monopolized by the Egyptians and the Phoenicians.
1282:
429:
3490:
community among Gujarati Hindus.They were mainly traders who had migrated to Central Kerala with the other Gujarati traders.
2014:. The calculated Muslim population (Indian Census, 2011) in Kerala state is 8,873,472. Most of the Muslims in Kerala follow
6920:
6584:
3606:
was a dance form popular among the Muslims. It was performed by a group of dozen young men with two sticks, similar to the
3579:
As the modern Malayali Muslim literature developed after the 1921â22 Uprising, religious publications dominated the field.
2067:
and it is still referred to as the "Garden of Spices" or as the "Spice Garden of India". Kerala's spices attracted ancient
1903:
3413:
Muslim community, in the city of Kozhikode forming a significant majority in Kozhikode and its adjoining areas. May be of
2134:
In the past, there were many Muslim traders in the ports of Malabar. There had been considerable trade relations between
1878:
1868:
1437:
5701:
1317:
4951:
1883:
6977:
6834:
6522:
6172:
5602:
5265:
5009:
4804:
4730:
4703:
4595:
4421:
Subrahmanyam, Sanjay."The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500â1650" Cambridge University Press, (2002)
4178:
3089:
1893:
1790:
1125:
607:
17:
3940:
1845:
857:
207:
5756:
5624:
4008:
Since the 20th century, Arabic language classes have been implemented in Kerala for advanced religious education.
2560:, represented commercial interests of the Muslim merchants. In his account, Ibn Battutah mentions Shah Bandars in
6879:
6353:
6029:"The Keyi Mappila Muslim Merchants of Tellicherry and the Making of Coastal Cosmopolitanism on the Malabar Coast"
5734:. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
4693:
2733:
2720:
1522:
799:
2178:. Mappilas are but one among the many communities that forms the Muslim population of Kerala. According to the
2055:
744:
5592:
4480:
Miller, Roland. E., "Mappila" in "The Encyclopedia of Islam". Volume VI. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 1987 pp. 458â56.
3502:. They are originally mercantile community, hece the name 'beary', from the Sanskrit word 'Vyapari'(merchant).
4337:
4011:
2729:
1805:
1507:
478:
5482:
3807:
rice are some of the other specialties. The characteristic use of spices is the hallmark of Mappila cuisineâ
5359:
1949:
510:
6430:
3156:
3069:
2352:
2310:
2179:
2163:
1928:
1059:
557:
384:
5953:
Kerala A Journey in Time Part II: Kingdom Of Cochin & Thekamkoor Rajyam; People Places and Potpourri
5543:
Kaleidoscopic Ethnicity: International Migration and the Reconstruction of Community Identities in India
3600:
take place. While the women sing, they clap their hands rhythmically and move around the bride in steps.
6669:
6327:
3182:
1810:
1164:
597:
6548:
5255:
5212:
M. G. S. Narayanan. "Kozhikkodinte Katha". Malayalam/Essays. Mathrubhumi Books. Second Edition (2017)
6915:
5321:
4390:
Kunhali, V. "Muslim Communities in Kerala to 1798" PhD Dissertation Aligarh Muslim University (1986)
4298:
Miller, E. Roland. "Mappila Muslim Culture" State University of New York Press, Albany (2015); p. xi.
1898:
1527:
1432:
1275:
887:
845:
692:
404:
4682:
Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973; David de Beth Hillel, 1832; Lord, James Henry 1977.
4272:
7214:
6874:
6779:
6601:
6577:
3771:
food culture. This confluence of culinary cultures is best seen in the preparation of most dishes.
2548:
as the major port city in Kerala. Some of the important administrative positions in the kingdom of
2384:
2196:
1772:
624:
424:
5286:
Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama, Cambridge University Press, 1997, 288
2162:
being introduced to Kerala as early as the seventh century CE. Notable has been the occurrence of
6377:
6266:
4059:
3616:(also called Dubh Muttu) was an art form prevalent among Muslims, using the traditional duff, or
3311:
3031:
1942:
1512:
1299:
882:
219:
5111:
7183:
7153:
6240:
5424:
4029:
3562:
2444:
2305:
1552:
1182:
867:
673:
439:
5507:
5449:
5384:
5131:
4892:
4858:
4821:
4244:"Poetics of Piety Devoting and Self Fashioning in the Mappila Literary Culture of South India"
2513:
which dates back to 10th century CE. It is a rare surviving document recording patronage by a
6829:
6794:
6749:
6541:
6263:"Madikeri, Coorg, "Gaddige Mohiyadeen Ratib" Islamic religious "dikr" is held once in a year"
5541:
5041:
4553:
4259:
4153:
3584:
2725:
2637:
1532:
1497:
900:
668:
493:
277:
232:
4208:
3516:
2728:, with the former Malabar District being its major catchment area, was established in 1968.
7193:
7118:
6719:
6714:
6609:
6537:
5418:
5296:
3587:", founded in 1934, played as significant role in the development of the Muslim community.
3166:
2745:
2632:
2472:
1825:
1820:
1347:
1268:
818:
87:
43:
8:
7168:
6899:
6839:
6814:
6729:
6709:
6659:
6629:
6619:
6570:
5893:
3849:
2898:
2665:
2521:
of Kerala. A 13th century granite inscription, written in a mixture of Old Malayalam and
2452:
2387:(1256â1327 AD) mention the Muslim communities in Kerala. Some historians assume that the
2255:
1873:
1830:
1442:
1427:
1217:
877:
792:
678:
312:
212:
5905:
5203:
VIII, no. 162, Madras: Govt of India, Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, 1932. p. 69.
7158:
6925:
6804:
6799:
6679:
6497:
6004:
5873:
4628:
3652:
3376:
3287:
3012:
2955:
2879:
2822:
2708:
2653:
2549:
2376:
2299:
2011:
1648:
1588:
1567:
1387:
862:
702:
659:
629:
612:
587:
532:
488:
200:
5812:
4519:
Striving for Sustainability: Environmental Stress and Democratic Initiatives in Kerala
3130:. Both the traditional Sunnis and Mujahids again have been divided to sub-identities.
6954:
6869:
6819:
6774:
6754:
6744:
6644:
6485:
6475:
6205:
6168:
6133:
6123:
6097:
6089:
6050:
6008:
5994:
5957:
5930:
5861:
5851:
5824:
5598:
5547:
5513:
5455:
5428:
5390:
5261:
5213:
5171:
5137:
5047:
5005:
4898:
4864:
4827:
4800:
4766:
4726:
4699:
4591:
4559:
4523:
4224:
4194:
4174:
4127:
2993:
2936:
2917:
2713:
2704:
2618:
in 1498, the Portuguese began to expand their territories and ruled the seas between
2607:
2597:
2291:
2283:
1840:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1402:
1397:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1332:
1159:
1137:
997:
753:
739:
707:
654:
567:
527:
389:
103:
5043:
Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi
3225:
The term Mappila is still in use in Malayalam to mean "bridegroom" or "son-in-law".
2321:
7133:
6844:
6759:
6739:
6624:
6614:
6197:
6160:
6153:"Diaspora Revisited: Second-Generation Nizari Ismaili Muslims of Gujarati Ancestry"
6081:
6040:
5986:
5901:
5820:
4980:
4620:
4247:
4216:
4119:
4072:
4054:
3823:
3463:
3379:. The Muslims of pure Middle Eastern descent held themselves superior to Marakkars.
3372:
3272:. People who had migrated from Middle East. Elders of a number of widely respected
3236:
2860:
2649:
2600:
2460:
1988:
1800:
1572:
1562:
1492:
1467:
1367:
1337:
1132:
552:
547:
498:
483:
468:
377:
256:
6189:
5727:
4076:
3322:
regions in kerala. Rowther sect is a prominent and prosperous muslim community in
2049:
1983:
Kerala Muslims or Malayali Muslims from north Kerala are generally referred to as
6889:
6824:
6789:
6724:
6704:
6694:
6654:
6639:
6634:
6201:
5575:
5165:
4794:
4760:
4517:
4457:
4024:
3998:
3962:
3760:
3558:
3479:
3401:
3307:
3200:
3170:
3152:
3142:âmainly two groups (majority of traditional Sunnis in Kerala are Shafiʽis).
3123:
3050:
2974:
2841:
2573:
2526:
2475:, has a granite foundation exhibiting 11thâ12th century architectural style. The
2359:. A number of foreign accounts have mentioned about the presence of considerable
2023:
1753:
1628:
1577:
1557:
1517:
1502:
1357:
1233:
1223:
1142:
872:
734:
687:
503:
463:
452:
434:
337:
282:
195:
139:
3276:
often served as the focal point of the Muslim community in old Malabar District.
7038:
7033:
7007:
6930:
6849:
6809:
6784:
6764:
6699:
6674:
6664:
6649:
6190:"The DaÊŸudi Bohra Tayyibis: Ideology, Literature, Learning and Social Practice"
6152:
5678:"Silver jubilee does not bring cheer to Karipur airport users â Times of India"
4181:. First All India Conference of Dravidian Linguistics, Thiruvananthapuram, 1973
4044:
4034:
3914:
3764:
3499:
3483:
3467:
3408:
3397:
3355:
3218:
2510:
2408:
1835:
1688:
1663:
1658:
1613:
1307:
1074:
1002:
785:
647:
634:
592:
537:
151:
6262:
6164:
6045:
6028:
5978:
5775:
5705:
4823:
Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean
3702:
2732:, currently the twelfth busiest airport in India, was inaugurated in 1988. An
2648:
and contains pieces of information about the resistance put up by the navy of
60:
7208:
6948:
6769:
6734:
6689:
6684:
6593:
6489:
6137:
6093:
6054:
5990:
5865:
5027:
Colonialism and community formation in Malabar: a study of Muslims of Malabar
4228:
3620:, also called tappitta. Performers dance to the rhythm as they beat the duff.
3510:
2748:, the district-wise distribution of the Muslim population is as shown below:
2696:
2684:
2657:
2623:
2589:
2500:
2491:
2415:
mention Malabar ports in their works. The Arab writers had called this place
2400:
2364:
2295:
2279:
2187:
2139:
2116:
2096:
1863:
1815:
1795:
1623:
1618:
1598:
1477:
1377:
1084:
1017:
992:
987:
712:
617:
577:
5170:(Reprinted ed.). Department of Public Relations, Government of Kerala.
4955:
2309:
The earliest major epigraphic evidence of Muslim merchants in Kerala is the
4470:
Against Lord and State: Religion and Peasant Uprisings in Malabar 1836â1921
4049:
3989:
3904:
3808:
3607:
3474:
3442:
2593:
2480:
2412:
2151:
2112:
1888:
1673:
1603:
1487:
1258:
1238:
1152:
1066:
773:
719:
456:
188:
177:
37:
6469:
6101:
4619:(1). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 53â70.
4391:
4005:
largest, with 80 percent of madrasa stating they are connected to Kerala.
2787:
6958:
5080:
A Survey of Kerala History, A. Sreedhara Menon, DC Books, Kottayam (2007)
4860:
The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine
3974:
3909:
3890:
3683:
3506:
3450:
3383:
3134:
3119:
3111:
2581:
2541:
2275:
2259:
2247:
2207:
2183:
2155:
2135:
2124:
2092:
2084:
2072:
2063:
Kerala has been a major spice exporter since 3000 BCE, according to
2027:
2015:
1653:
835:
826:
515:
473:
397:
83:
47:
4251:
4220:
3155:âwith different splinter factions (with varying degrees of puritanism).
2174:
and converted to Islam. Kerala Muslims are generally referred to as the
6069:
5632:
4632:
4010:
Islamic universities operate in Kerala, including Al Jamia Islamia and
3734:
3674:
3520:
3446:
3393:
3323:
3176:
3139:
3115:
2505:
2392:
2341:
2263:
2019:
1668:
1608:
1352:
1070:
520:
6085:
4611:
Fuller, C. J. (March 1976). "Kerala Christians and the Caste System".
3185:
in Kerala is located at Baitul Quddoos, G.H Road Kozhikode (Calicut).
2719:
A large number of Muslims of Kerala found extensive employment in the
6235:
6116:
5845:
5788:
5653:
4458:
Pg 461, Roland Miller, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol VI, Brill 1988
4243:
3953:
3837:
3738:
3536:
3524:
3342:
3291:
3283:
3186:
2707:
invasion of Malabar District (late 18th century). The victory of the
2627:
2615:
2545:
2530:
2396:
2368:
2337:
2333:
2267:
2239:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2128:
2080:
2042:
2007:
1977:
1643:
1199:
1147:
1024:
419:
135:
111:
95:
6471:
Quality enhancement in Madrasa education : an exploratory study
4646:
4624:
3543:
to Kerala. They form the major part of the Shia community in Kerala.
2022:
of thought, while a large minority follow modern movements (such as
6463:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6451:
5001:
Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams
4941:: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978
3899:
3812:
3568:
3457:
3366:
3359:
3335:
3319:
3315:
3299:
3269:
3162:
3127:
2688:
2569:
2495:
2391:
can be considered as the first native, settled Muslim community in
2380:
2243:
2191:
2171:
2143:
2120:
1748:
1713:
1633:
1582:
1392:
1080:
947:
940:
729:
697:
411:
345:
107:
4746:
4098:
T. Nandakumar, "54.72 % of population in Kerala are Hindus"
3919:
3895:
3881:
3872:
3828:
3797:
3776:
3752:
3742:
3669:
3540:
3432:
3424:
3349:
3279:
3273:
3259:
3230:
2677:
2641:
2561:
2537:
2388:
2372:
2287:
2186:
with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of
2175:
2076:
2000:
1984:
1743:
1718:
1342:
976:
907:
562:
239:
6562:
6448:
5509:
Firearms of the Islamic World: in the Tared Rajab Museum, Kuwait
3723:
2286:
in 661 CE. His grave is believed to be located on the island of
5099:. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. pp. 226â234.
4938:
4894:
Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles
3978:
3947:
According to K. Mohammed Basheer, Kerala has one of the oldest
3877:
3756:
3730:
3528:
3487:
3470:. Many of the Dakhnis had also come as traders and businessmen.
3438:
3423:: a community of Muslims, claiming Arab origin, settled around
3389:
3327:
3303:
3263:
3145:
3098:
3094:
2794:
2744:
The last Indian Census was conducted in 2011. According to the
2680:
2661:
2645:
2611:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2522:
2518:
2484:
2476:
2464:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2231:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2167:
2147:
1992:
1973:
1723:
1708:
1678:
1194:
1169:
1103:
1045:
1038:
1031:
957:
852:
582:
572:
361:
329:
321:
306:
300:
184:
99:
91:
79:
6524:
Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language
5594:
Cultural heritage of Kerala â A Sreedhara Menon â Google Books
5305:. London: Reprint. Asian Educational Services. pp. 19â47.
2664:. A copy of this edition has been preserved in the library of
7002:
4926:
Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.
4039:
3885:
3841:
3816:
3780:
3714:
3532:
3494:
3295:
3250:
2669:
2619:
2514:
2324:(shaded in dark blue) is the most-prominent school among the
2271:
2159:
2104:
2100:
2064:
2038:
1996:
1969:
1683:
1638:
1593:
1189:
1111:
1094:
917:
912:
724:
602:
293:
251:
244:
167:
159:
123:
5097:
Arab Relations with Malabar Coast from 9th to 16th centuries
4410:
Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast
4162:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4246:. The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad.
3966:
3803:
3768:
2692:
2585:
2115:, must have made the first long voyage to Kerala and other
2108:
2088:
2068:
1107:
980:
952:
927:
922:
353:
261:
6520:
5728:"Population By Religious Community â 2011 Census of India"
5341:
5339:
4975:
4973:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
3662:
2656:
from 1498 to 1583 against Portuguese attempts to colonize
3617:
3105:
2045:
trade routes. The spice trade was mainly by water (blue).
962:
4819:
3159:(K. N. M) is the largest Mujahid organisation in Kerala.
2683:
community of Kerala as well as the general condition of
5336:
5233:
Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806
5109:
4970:
4509:
4301:
2083:
to the Malabar Coast in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE.
6067:
4432:"Caste system exists among Muslims though not overtly"
4191:
Gulf Dream: For Indians The Golden Beaches Still gleam
3523:
community. Settled in a few major town in Kerala like
2552:, such as that of the port commissioner, were held by
2499:
development. The Koyilandy Jumu'ah Mosque contains an
6559:(1), 251â282. https://doi.org/10.31436/jia.v18i1.1045
6354:"Calicut Biryani Recipe I Kozhikodan Biriyani Recipe"
6151:
Mukadam, Anjoom Amir; Mawani, Sharmina (2007-11-22).
3840:
is another popular item, which has an influence from
2399:(973â1048 CE) appears to be the first writer to call
5416:
5257:
Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation
4856:
4852:
4850:
4516:
Chattopadhyay, Srikumar; Franke, Richard W. (2006).
2568:(Ibrahim Shah Bandar and Muhammed Shah Bandar). The
6068:Ravindranath, D.; Injeti, M.S.; Busi, B.R. (1984).
5751:Shajahan Madampat, "Malappuram Isn't Mini Kashmir"
5382:
4515:
5584:
5577:Kerala District Gazetteers: Kozhikode (supplement)
4792:
4676:
4126:. State University of New York Press. p. xi.
3677:, is one of the common breakfast dishes in Malabar
3388:community of wealthy merchants, mainly settled in
2087:established trade with Kerala during this period.
5925:Schneider, David Murray; Gough, Kathleen (1974).
5776:Islamism and Social Reform in Kerala, South India
5410:
4890:
4847:
4813:
4758:
4551:
4213:Muallim Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
3214:A descendant of any native convert) to Islam (or)
2182:, the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at
1922:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1989âpresent)
7206:
5447:
5389:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 293â294.
5376:
5129:
3358:, south of Kozhikode who trace their origins to
2190:, who converted to Islam during the lifetime of
2158:. Historians do not rule out the possibility of
5929:. University of California Press. p. 415.
5654:"Kozhikode Calicut International Airport (CCJ)"
5625:"Official website of Calicut University â Home"
5590:
5539:
5227:
5225:
5039:
4752:
2533:mentions a donation by the king to the mosque.
27:Overview of Islam in the Indian state of Kerala
6536:(The English translation of the historic book
5979:"Nakhuda Nuruddin Firuz at SomanÄtha: AD 1264"
5924:
5573:
4884:
4094:
4092:
3217:A descendant of a marriage alliance between a
1917:Samastha Kerala Jem-iyyathul Ulama (1926â1989)
6985:
6578:
6150:
5505:
5206:
5113:Madras District Gazetteers Malabar (Volume-I)
5033:
4987:. Vol. VI. E. J. Brill. pp. 458â66.
4722:India's National Security: Annual Review 2009
4639:
4489:
4415:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4336:Volume VI. Leiden E. J. Brill 1988 p. 458-66
4206:
4151:
3567:Mappila Songs (or Mappila Poems) is a famous
3437:a community of Tamil origin. Settled only in
1950:
1276:
793:
6239:. Chennai, India. 7 May 2006. Archived from
6223:
5878:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5352:
5295:
5222:
5116:. Madras Government Press. pp. 423â424.
4659:"Trade, not invasion brought Islam to India"
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4207:Kottaparamban, Musadhique (1 October 2019).
3181:Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at â Head Quarters of
2736:(IIM) was established at Kozhikode in 1996.
7008:Islam in India by state and union territory
6553:Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077)
6551:(Tiga Fatwa Perkahwinan di India Selatan).
6406:"Flavours unlimited from the Malabar coast"
5976:
5949:
5694:
5302:An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon
4650:
4089:
2355:of 9th century CE, granted by the ruler of
2006:Muslims in Kerala share a common language (
7220:Islam in India by state or union territory
6992:
6978:
6585:
6571:
6502:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5950:Pottamkulam, George Abraham (2021-06-11).
5546:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 51â.
5533:
5499:
5417:Henry Morse Stephens (1897). "Chapter 1".
5249:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5241:
4826:. Columbia University Press. p. 333.
4749:to Cheraman; Outlook Indian Magazine; 2012
4588:kabir:The Apposaitle of Hindu Muslim Unity
4586:Muhammed, Hedayuthabdulla (January 2009).
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
3590:
3122:. The latter section consists of majority
2490:The monopoly of overseas spice trade from
1991:) of different origins. Native Muslims of
1957:
1943:
1283:
1269:
800:
786:
6187:
6044:
5983:Trade and Traders in Early Indian Society
5254:Nossiter, Thomas Johnson (January 1982).
4490:Pradeep Kumar, Kaavya (28 January 2014).
4341:
4114:
4112:
4110:
2154:rim, via spice and silk traders from the
6300:
5253:
5235:. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938.
5094:
4691:
4585:
4453:
4451:
3482:speaking Gujarati ethnic group from the
3088:
2687:in the 16th century CE. With the end of
2660:. It was first printed and published in
2487:records its foundation year as 1124 CE.
2479:inscription on a copper slab within the
2316:
2304:
2294:(661â750 AD) coins were discovered from
2048:
2037:
6549:Three Fatwas on Marriage in South India
6540:written about the society of Kerala by
6467:
6399:
6397:
6351:
6026:
5580:. Superintendent of Government Presses.
5567:
5383:Sanjay Subrahmanyam (29 October 1998).
5309:
5238:
5195:
5193:
5157:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5070:
4536:
4474:
4279:
4147:
4145:
4143:
3867:are prepared by the Mappila community.
3221:individual and a native low caste woman
14:
7207:
6403:
6378:"Chicken and rosewater biryani recipe"
6301:Sabhnani, Dhara Vora (June 14, 2019).
6070:"Anthropometric Variation among Koyas"
5817:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
5386:The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama
5103:
4997:
4979:
4759:Chitra Divakaruni (16 February 2011).
4610:
4492:"Of Kerala, Egypt, and the Spice link"
4118:
4107:
3933:
3106:Theological orientations/denominations
2278:islands, situated just to the west of
2270:town. According to popular tradition,
1909:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
6973:
6566:
6431:"Arikkadukka â Spicy Stuffed Mussels"
6296:
6294:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6284:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5358:A G Noorani. Islam in Kerala. Books
5163:
5125:
5123:
5046:. Popular Prakashan. pp. 54â55.
5024:
4928:Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.
4718:
4656:
4448:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4158:. Madras Government Press. p. 1.
3941:Religious education in Kerala § Islam
3922:made of flour, like a baked, layered
3282:: The Muslim community originated in
3110:Most of the Muslims of Kerala follow
6394:
6231:"Preserve identity of Mappila songs"
6114:
5190:
5083:
5067:
4954:. lakshadweep.nic.in. Archived from
4590:. Motilal Banarasidess. p. 47.
4552:A Sreedhara Menon (1 January 2007).
4241:
4140:
3880:paste covering a mixture of cashew,
3486:region. They are descended from the
3268:Claiming descent from the family of
2503:inscription written in a mixture of
1904:Muslim chronicles for Indian history
1879:All India Ulema & Mashaikh Board
74:Regions with significant populations
6521:S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942),
6474:. Newcastle upon Tyne. p. 18.
5977:Chakravarti, Ranabir (2020-06-09),
5906:10.1163/9789004206106_eifo_com_0673
4820:Edward Simpson; Kai Kresse (2008).
4412:. Cambridge University Press, 2018.
2053:Names, routes and locations of the
1869:All India Muslim Personal Law Board
24:
6514:
6281:
5843:
5760:
5506:Robert Elgood (15 November 1995).
5120:
4931:
4719:Kumar, Satish (27 February 2012).
4395:
3755:cuisine is a blend of traditional
3646:
3610:dance of Gujarat in Western India.
1884:Ahle Sunnat Movement in South Asia
25:
7231:
6592:
6303:"Straight from the Malabar Coast"
5540:Prema A. Kurien (7 August 2002).
5454:. Psychology Press. p. 147.
5448:Mehrdad Shokoohy (29 July 2003).
5136:. Psychology Press. p. 144.
5130:Mehrdad Shokoohy (29 July 2003).
3729:Halwas are popular in towns like
2347:The known earliest mention about
1894:All India Shia Personal Law Board
7001:
6953:
6944:
6943:
6196:, I.B.Tauris, pp. 331â354,
6194:A Modern History of the Ismailis
6027:Abraham, Santhosh (2017-10-04).
5825:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_com_0673
5199:Aiyer, K. V. Subrahmanya (ed.),
5110:Charles Alexander Innes (1908).
3939:This section is an excerpt from
3722:
3701:
3682:
3661:
3626:was an art form named after the
3375:", or the naval captains of the
3240:considered superior to Valakkar.
2786:
2695:lost their monopoly of trade in
2451:comes from a combination of the
2250:, and they are among the oldest
1846:Madeenathul Uloom Arabic College
1418:
1316:
1252:
834:
767:
166:
36:
6423:
6370:
6345:
6320:
6269:from the original on 2021-12-19
6255:
6181:
6144:
6108:
6061:
6033:Asian Review of World Histories
6020:
5985:, Routledge, pp. 220â242,
5970:
5943:
5918:
5886:
5837:
5805:
5781:
5745:
5720:
5670:
5646:
5617:
5475:
5441:
5363:
5289:
5280:
5018:
4991:
4944:
4918:
4786:
4739:
4712:
4685:
4604:
4579:
4483:
4462:
4424:
4065:
3334:Vattakkolis (the Bhatkalis) or
2246:, were built during the era of
2166:, the Hindu King that moved to
1546:Famous Families and ethnicities
42:A rebuilt structure of the old
6911:British Indian Ocean Territory
6404:Kurian, Shijo (July 2, 2014).
5512:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 164â.
5427:. Asian Educational Services.
4897:. Other Books. pp. 179â.
4522:. Concept Publishing Company.
4235:
4200:
4184:
3193:
2734:Indian Institute of Management
2676:also describes the history of
2056:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
1791:Jami'a Nooriyya Arabic College
13:
1:
6468:Basheer, K. Mohammed (2016).
6328:"Thalassery Chicken Biriyani"
5850:. State Univ Of New York Pr.
5347:Kerala History and its Makers
4857:Uri M. Kupferschmidt (1987).
4799:. M. E. Sharpe. p. 123.
4082:
4077:10.1080/12259276.2021.2010907
4012:Darul Huda Islamic University
3975:British colonisation of India
3801:(a type of rice pancake) and
3552:
2739:
2730:Calicut International Airport
2588:had the monopoly of trade in
2556:. The port commissioner, the
2119:. They must have brought the
2103:. The Arabs on the coasts of
1806:Darul Huda Islamic University
1508:Sayyid Sanaullah Makti Tangal
6544:during sixteenth century CE)
6202:10.5040/9780755610259.ch-013
6115:LLC., General Books (2011).
5629:www.universityofcalicut.info
5591:Sreedhara Menon, A. (2008).
5164:Menon, A. Sreedhara (1982).
4937:Pg 58, Cultural heritage of
4657:Sethi, Atul (24 June 2007).
4558:. DC Books. pp. 57â58.
2517:king (Bhaskara Ravi) to the
2170:to meet the Islamic prophet
7:
7019:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
5844:E., Miller, Roland (2016).
5004:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
4863:. Brill. pp. 458â459.
4793:Jonathan Goldstein (1999).
4332:Miller, R. E. "Mappila" in
4018:
3696:(mussels stuffed with rice)
3157:Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
2755:District wise map of Kerala
2435:is reminiscent of the word
2353:Quilon Syrian copper plates
2311:Quilon Syrian copper plates
2194:(c. 570â632). According to
2180:Legend of Cheraman Perumals
1929:Kerala Nadvathul Mujahideen
341:("Stories of the Prophets")
10:
7236:
6188:Qutbuddin, Tahera (2011),
5201:South Indian Inscriptions.
4891:Husain RaáčáčattÄáči (2007).
4692:Varghese, Theresa (2006).
4555:A Survey Of Kerala History
3938:
3650:
3556:
3547:
3183:Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
3167:the Jama'at-i-Islami India
2785:
2709:English East India Company
2033:
1811:Markazu Saqafathi Sunniyya
7014:
6939:
6898:
6858:
6600:
6165:10.1017/9789048501069.008
6046:10.1163/22879811-12340009
4985:The Encyclopedia of Islam
4334:The Encyclopedia of Islam
4155:Malabar Manual (Volume-I)
3894:(ripe banana filled with
3876:(deep-fried, boiled ripe
3286:. Mainly they settled in
3235:Mostly converts from the
2471:(country/continent). The
2164:Cheraman Perumal Tajuddin
1899:Indian Muslim nationalism
1528:E. K. Aboobacker Musliyar
1060:Sunni schools of theology
134:
129:
122:
117:
78:
73:
59:
54:
35:
6660:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
6547:Muhsin, S. M. . (2021).
5991:10.4324/9781003084129-11
5658:www.kozhikodeairport.com
5095:Muhammad, K. M. (1999).
5040:A. RÄ KulakaráčÄ« (1996).
3995:Ta'alim al Islami Kerala
3690:Kallummakkaya nirachathu
3153:Salafists (the Mujahids)
3124:Salafists (the Mujahids)
2197:Qissat Shakarwati Farmad
2142:even before the time of
2095:were the first to enter
2026:) that developed within
1773:List of mosques in India
430:Medieval Islamic science
6921:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6435:Faces Places and Plates
6157:Global Indian Diasporas
5898:EncyclopĂ©die de lâIslam
5574:Kerala (India) (1962).
4762:The Palace of Illusions
4242:Kuzhiyan, Muneer Aram.
3844:. Various varieties of
3591:Kerala Muslim folk arts
3539:. Bohras migrated from
2367:. Arab writers such as
2298:in the eastern part of
2150:, a part of the larger
1702:Religious jurisprudence
1523:Panakkad Shihab Thangal
1513:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
858:Prophets and Messengers
7054:Dadra and Nagar Haveli
6527:, University of Madras
6352:Shamsul (2016-05-07).
5847:Mappila muslim culture
5425:Rulers of India series
5371:Mappila Muslim Culture
4436:The New Indian Express
4267:Cite journal requires
4152:William Logan (1887).
4124:Mappila Muslim Culture
4030:Arabi Malayalam script
3563:Arabi Malayalam script
3102:
2721:Persian Gulf countries
2640:(born around 1532) of
2344:
2314:
2258:. It is believed that
2127:. The Greek historian
2060:
2046:
1553:Islam in Uttar Pradesh
1126:Contemporary movements
941:Rightly-Guided Caliphs
868:Succession to Muhammad
440:Succession to Muhammad
88:States of Persian Gulf
6542:Zainuddin Makhdoom II
6332:The Take It Easy Chef
6122:. General Books LLC.
5025:Razak, Abdul (2013).
4924:Prange, Sebastian R.
4408:Prange, Sebastian R.
3959:othupalli / Palli Dar
3832:, popularly known as
3571:tradition emerged in
3210:A Mappila is either,
3092:
2726:University of Calicut
2638:Zainuddin Makhdoom II
2320:
2308:
2052:
2041:
1533:K. Ali Kutty Musliyar
1498:Zainuddin Makhdoom II
6835:United Arab Emirates
6538:Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen
5789:"Malayalam HomePage"
5778:Modern Asian Studies
5345:A. Sreedhara Menon.
5231:K. V. Krishna Iyer,
5167:The Legacy of Kerala
3819:are used profusely.
3673:, a pancake made of
3583:newspaper known as "
2746:2011 Census of India
2633:Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen
2383:(1273â1331 AD), and
2351:of Kerala is in the
2340:unlike from rest of
1826:Al Jamiatul Ashrafia
1821:Al-Jame-atul-Islamia
1348:Cheraman Juma Masjid
908:Declaration of Faith
479:Association football
44:Cheraman Juma Mosque
6862:limited recognition
5927:Matrilineal Kinship
5369:Roland E. Miller.
5324:on 21 December 2012
4983:(1988). "Mappila".
4698:. Stark World Pub.
3997:(Majlis) represent
3934:Religious education
3926:with rich filling,
3870:The snacks include
2674:Tuhfatul Mujahideen
2666:Al-Azhar University
2606:The arrival of the
2546:Calicut (Kozhikode)
2256:Indian Subcontinent
1874:Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
1831:Darul Uloom Deoband
240:Profession of Faith
213:Day of Resurrection
32:
6243:on 7 November 2012
5682:The Times of India
5349:. D C Books (2011)
4695:Stark World Kerala
3795:(soft flatbread),
3653:Thalassery cuisine
3377:Zamorin of Calicut
3103:
3070:Thiruvananthapuram
2654:Zamorin of Calicut
2550:Zamorin of Calicut
2473:Kodungallur Mosque
2407:. Authors such as
2377:Muhammad al-Idrisi
2363:population in the
2345:
2315:
2300:Ernakulam district
2061:
2047:
1858:Influential bodies
1737:Schools of thought
1589:Hyderabadi Muslims
1568:Rajasthani Muslims
1388:Kunhali Marakkar I
1165:Neo-traditionalism
30:
7202:
7201:
7089:Jammu and Kashmir
7029:Arunachal Pradesh
6967:
6966:
6904:other territories
6481:978-1-4438-5685-0
6211:978-1-84511-717-7
6129:978-0-7103-0849-8
6086:10.1159/000153449
6000:978-1-003-08412-9
5963:978-1-63873-514-4
5936:978-0-520-02529-5
5857:978-1-4384-5600-3
5553:978-0-8135-3089-5
5519:978-1-85043-963-9
5461:978-0-415-30207-4
5434:978-81-206-1524-3
5396:978-0-521-64629-1
5318:"Islam in Kerala"
5218:978-81-8267-114-0
5177:978-8-12643-798-6
5143:978-0-415-30207-4
5053:978-81-7154-579-7
4981:Miller, Roland E.
4904:978-81-903887-8-8
4870:978-90-04-07929-8
4833:978-0-231-70024-5
4796:The Jews of China
4772:978-0-330-47865-6
4765:. Pan Macmillan.
4565:978-81-264-1578-6
4529:978-81-8069-294-9
4468:Panikkar, K. N.,
4221:10.33306/mjssh/31
4195:Malayala Manorama
4133:978-1-4384-5601-0
4122:(27 April 2015).
4120:Miller, Roland E.
3891:pazham nirachathu
3373:Kunjali Marakkars
3189:Muslim Community.
3126:and the minority
3087:
3086:
2441:the land of hills
2123:of Kerala to the
2117:eastern countries
1967:
1966:
1483:Nizamuddin Auliya
1473:Moinuddin Chishti
1463:Sheikh Ubaidullah
1403:Malabar Rebellion
1398:Kingdom of Mysore
1383:Deccan sultanates
1373:Gujarat Sultanate
1363:Bahmani Sultanate
1333:Sheikh Ubaidullah
1293:
1292:
1138:Deobandi movement
810:
809:
740:Deobandi jihadism
145:
144:
18:Muslims of Kerala
16:(Redirected from
7227:
7084:Himachal Pradesh
7006:
7005:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6971:
6970:
6957:
6947:
6946:
6916:Christmas Island
6602:Sovereign states
6587:
6580:
6573:
6564:
6563:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6508:
6507:
6501:
6493:
6465:
6446:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6427:
6421:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6401:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6388:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6298:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6218:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6048:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6015:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5956:. Notion Press.
5947:
5941:
5940:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5877:
5869:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5758:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5739:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5704:. Archived from
5698:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5631:. Archived from
5621:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5588:
5582:
5581:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5445:
5439:
5438:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5380:
5374:
5373:SUNY Press, 2015
5367:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5343:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5320:. Archived from
5313:
5307:
5306:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5251:
5236:
5229:
5220:
5210:
5204:
5197:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5127:
5118:
5117:
5107:
5101:
5100:
5092:
5081:
5078:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5022:
5016:
5015:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4977:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4948:
4942:
4935:
4929:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4911:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4854:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4756:
4750:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4654:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4549:
4534:
4533:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4413:
4406:
4393:
4388:
4339:
4330:
4299:
4296:
4277:
4276:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4255:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4204:
4198:
4188:
4182:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4149:
4138:
4137:
4116:
4105:
4102:August 26, 2015
4096:
4055:Sri Lankan Moors
3993:. The Majlis al
3726:
3705:
3686:
3665:
3274:Thangal families
3101:â District-wise.
3093:Distribution of
2790:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2714:Mappila Uprising
2650:Kunjali Marakkar
2601:Age of Discovery
2379:(1100â1165 AD),
2313:(9th century AD)
2065:Sumerian records
2059:(1st century CE)
1989:Malabar District
1959:
1952:
1945:
1801:Aliah University
1767:Mosques in India
1573:Gujarati Muslims
1563:Kashmiri Muslims
1493:Sarkar Waris Pak
1468:Malik bin Deenar
1422:
1368:Bengal Sultanate
1343:Cheraman Perumal
1338:Malik bin Deenar
1320:
1310:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1259:Islam portal
1257:
1256:
1255:
1133:Barelvi movement
1099:
1098:
1012:
1011:
838:
829:
823:
822:
812:
811:
802:
795:
788:
774:Islam portal
772:
771:
770:
170:
147:
146:
69:(26.56%) in 2011
68:
55:Total population
40:
33:
29:
21:
7235:
7234:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7224:
7215:Islam in Kerala
7205:
7204:
7203:
7198:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6968:
6963:
6935:
6903:
6894:
6875:Northern Cyprus
6861:
6854:
6596:
6591:
6530:
6528:
6517:
6515:Further reading
6512:
6511:
6495:
6494:
6482:
6466:
6449:
6440:
6438:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6414:
6412:
6402:
6395:
6386:
6384:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6362:
6360:
6350:
6346:
6337:
6335:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6311:
6309:
6299:
6282:
6272:
6270:
6261:
6260:
6256:
6246:
6244:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6186:
6182:
6175:
6149:
6145:
6130:
6113:
6109:
6066:
6062:
6025:
6021:
6013:
6011:
6001:
5975:
5971:
5964:
5948:
5944:
5937:
5923:
5919:
5910:
5908:
5892:
5891:
5887:
5871:
5870:
5858:
5842:
5838:
5829:
5827:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5797:
5795:
5793:www.alislam.org
5787:
5786:
5782:
5774:
5761:
5755:21 August 2017
5750:
5746:
5737:
5735:
5732:Census of India
5726:
5725:
5721:
5711:
5709:
5702:"The Institute"
5700:
5699:
5695:
5686:
5684:
5676:
5675:
5671:
5662:
5660:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5638:
5636:
5623:
5622:
5618:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5589:
5585:
5572:
5568:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5538:
5534:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5504:
5500:
5490:
5488:
5481:
5480:
5476:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5446:
5442:
5435:
5415:
5411:
5401:
5399:
5397:
5381:
5377:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5353:
5344:
5337:
5327:
5325:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5294:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5252:
5239:
5230:
5223:
5211:
5207:
5198:
5191:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5162:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5128:
5121:
5108:
5104:
5093:
5084:
5079:
5068:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5038:
5034:
5023:
5019:
5012:
4996:
4992:
4978:
4971:
4961:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4936:
4932:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4889:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4855:
4848:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4791:
4787:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4757:
4753:
4744:
4740:
4733:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4667:
4665:
4655:
4651:
4644:
4640:
4625:10.2307/2800388
4609:
4605:
4598:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4550:
4537:
4530:
4514:
4510:
4500:
4498:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4440:
4438:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4407:
4396:
4389:
4342:
4331:
4302:
4297:
4280:
4268:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4240:
4236:
4205:
4201:
4189:
4185:
4167:
4163:
4150:
4141:
4134:
4117:
4108:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4068:
4060:Nasrani Mappila
4025:Arabi Malayalam
4021:
4016:
4015:
3999:Jamaat-e-Islami
3944:
3936:
3791:meaning meat),
3749:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3687:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3655:
3649:
3647:Mappila Cuisine
3593:
3565:
3559:Arabi Malayalam
3555:
3550:
3196:
3171:political Islam
3169:)ârepresenting
3108:
2754:
2742:
2574:Arakkal kingdom
2527:Muchundi Mosque
2511:Grantha scripts
2459:(hill) and the
2443:. According to
2274:was brought to
2036:
1963:
1934:
1933:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1768:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1629:Dakhini Muslims
1578:Konkani Muslims
1558:Bengali Muslims
1547:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1518:Syed Ahmad Khan
1503:Ahmad Raza Khan
1457:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1358:Delhi Sultanate
1328:
1308:
1289:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1224:Kutub al-Sittah
1213:
1205:
1204:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1092:
1091:
1062:
1052:
1051:
1009:
1008:
983:
968:
967:
943:
933:
932:
903:
893:
892:
848:
825:
824:
816:
815:
806:
768:
766:
759:
758:
735:Salafi jihadism
693:Other religions
688:Arabic language
650:
640:
639:
568:Moral teachings
459:
445:
444:
435:Spread of Islam
380:
370:
369:
357:(jurisprudence)
339:Qisas al-Anbiya
288:
287:
267:
266:
235:
225:
224:
180:
140:Arabi Malayalam
63:
50:
31:Islam in Kerala
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7233:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7114:Madhya Pradesh
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7024:Andhra Pradesh
7021:
7015:
7012:
7011:
6997:
6996:
6989:
6982:
6974:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6951:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6907:
6905:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6866:
6864:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6598:
6597:
6594:Islam in Asia
6590:
6589:
6582:
6575:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6545:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6509:
6480:
6447:
6422:
6393:
6369:
6344:
6319:
6280:
6254:
6222:
6210:
6180:
6173:
6143:
6128:
6107:
6080:(2): 131â132.
6074:Human Heredity
6060:
6039:(2): 145â162.
6019:
5999:
5969:
5962:
5942:
5935:
5917:
5885:
5856:
5836:
5804:
5780:
5759:
5744:
5719:
5693:
5669:
5645:
5616:
5603:
5583:
5566:
5552:
5532:
5518:
5498:
5474:
5460:
5440:
5433:
5409:
5395:
5375:
5362:
5351:
5335:
5308:
5288:
5279:
5266:
5237:
5221:
5205:
5189:
5176:
5156:
5142:
5119:
5102:
5082:
5066:
5052:
5032:
5017:
5010:
4990:
4969:
4958:on 14 May 2012
4943:
4930:
4917:
4903:
4883:
4869:
4846:
4832:
4812:
4805:
4785:
4771:
4751:
4745:Minu Ittyipe;
4738:
4731:
4711:
4704:
4684:
4675:
4663:Times of India
4649:
4638:
4615:. New Series.
4603:
4596:
4578:
4564:
4535:
4528:
4508:
4482:
4473:
4461:
4447:
4423:
4414:
4394:
4340:
4300:
4278:
4269:|journal=
4234:
4199:
4197:Yearbook 1990;
4183:
4161:
4139:
4132:
4106:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4045:Beary language
4042:
4037:
4035:Onam and Islam
4032:
4027:
4020:
4017:
3945:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3915:chatti pathiri
3728:
3721:
3720:
3707:
3700:
3699:
3688:
3681:
3680:
3667:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3634:Muttum Viliyum
3631:
3621:
3611:
3601:
3592:
3589:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3503:
3500:Beary language
3491:
3471:
3454:
3429:
3418:
3405:
3398:Parappanangadi
3380:
3363:
3356:Parappanangadi
3346:
3331:
3312:Pathanamthitta
3277:
3256:
3242:
3241:
3223:
3222:
3219:Middle Eastern
3215:
3208:
3207:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3174:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3107:
3104:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3032:Pathanamthitta
3028:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2741:
2738:
2652:alongside the
2409:Ibn Khordadbeh
2375:(896â956 AD),
2322:ShafiÊœi school
2035:
2032:
2020:ShÄfiÊżÄ« School
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1841:Ma'din Academy
1838:
1836:Manzar-e-Islam
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1689:Shershahabadia
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Iraqi Biradari
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1614:Bihari Muslims
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Dawoodi Bohras
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1438:Indo-Saracenic
1435:
1430:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1309:Islam in India
1304:
1303:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
974:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
939:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
904:
899:
898:
895:
894:
891:
890:
885:
883:Predestination
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
844:
843:
840:
839:
831:
830:
808:
807:
805:
804:
797:
790:
782:
779:
778:
777:
776:
761:
760:
757:
756:
750:
749:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
722:
717:
716:
715:
710:
700:
695:
690:
684:
683:
682:
681:
676:
671:
663:
662:
657:
651:
648:Related topics
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
632:
630:Social welfare
627:
622:
621:
620:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
524:
523:
518:
508:
507:
506:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
460:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
416:
415:
408:
401:
393:
392:
387:
381:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
359:
350:
349:
343:
335:
327:
318:
317:
297:
289:
286:
285:
280:
274:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
254:
248:
247:
242:
236:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
220:Predestination
216:
215:
210:
204:
203:
201:Revealed Books
198:
192:
191:
181:
176:
175:
172:
171:
163:
162:
156:
155:
143:
142:
132:
131:
127:
126:
120:
119:
115:
114:
76:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
52:
51:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7232:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7184:Uttar Pradesh
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7059:Daman and Diu
7057:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7013:
7009:
7004:
6995:
6990:
6988:
6983:
6981:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6950:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6885:South Ossetia
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6857:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6588:
6583:
6581:
6576:
6574:
6569:
6568:
6565:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6526:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6505:
6499:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6436:
6432:
6426:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6398:
6383:
6379:
6373:
6359:
6355:
6348:
6333:
6329:
6323:
6308:
6304:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6268:
6264:
6258:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6232:
6226:
6213:
6207:
6203:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6184:
6176:
6174:9789048501069
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6147:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6125:
6121:
6120:
6111:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6071:
6064:
6056:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6038:
6034:
6030:
6023:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5973:
5965:
5959:
5955:
5954:
5946:
5938:
5932:
5928:
5921:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5889:
5881:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5840:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5777:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5757:
5754:
5748:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5708:on 8 May 2017
5707:
5703:
5697:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5659:
5655:
5649:
5635:on 2018-01-11
5634:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5606:
5604:9788126419036
5600:
5596:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5578:
5570:
5555:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5536:
5521:
5515:
5511:
5510:
5502:
5486:
5485:
5478:
5463:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5444:
5436:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5413:
5398:
5392:
5388:
5387:
5379:
5372:
5366:
5360:
5355:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5323:
5319:
5312:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5292:
5283:
5269:
5267:9780520046672
5263:
5259:
5258:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5202:
5196:
5194:
5179:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5160:
5145:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5126:
5124:
5115:
5114:
5106:
5098:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5055:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5036:
5028:
5021:
5013:
5011:9783447059374
5007:
5003:
5002:
4994:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4974:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4940:
4934:
4927:
4921:
4906:
4900:
4896:
4895:
4887:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4853:
4851:
4835:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4816:
4808:
4806:9780765601049
4802:
4798:
4797:
4789:
4774:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4755:
4748:
4742:
4734:
4732:9781136704918
4728:
4725:. Routledge.
4724:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4705:9788190250511
4701:
4697:
4696:
4688:
4679:
4664:
4660:
4653:
4647:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4599:
4597:9788120833739
4593:
4589:
4582:
4567:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4531:
4525:
4521:
4520:
4512:
4497:
4493:
4486:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4459:
4454:
4452:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4418:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4338:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4274:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4180:
4179:81-86668-06-3
4176:
4172:
4165:
4157:
4156:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4135:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4104:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4088:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4069:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4040:Beary Muslims
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3976:
3973:. During the
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3942:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3773:Kallummakkaya
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3654:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3624:Arabana muttu
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3560:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3478:: They are a
3477:
3476:
3475:Kutchi Memons
3472:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2697:Malabar Coast
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:Malabar Coast
2682:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2658:Malabar coast
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2626:and south to
2625:
2624:Malabar Coast
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2590:Malabar Coast
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2501:Old Malayalam
2497:
2493:
2492:Malabar Coast
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:Madayi Mosque
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2445:William Logan
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2401:Malabar Coast
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:Malabar Coast
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:Kothamangalam
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2280:Malabar Coast
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2188:Chera dynasty
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:Malabar Coast
2137:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:Malabar Coast
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Muslim Jamaat
1862:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:Jamiatur Raza
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:Jamia Nizamia
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Arabs (India)
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Tamil Muslims
1622:
1620:
1619:Oriya Muslims
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1478:Bakhtiar Kaki
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:Major figures
1453:
1452:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Mughal Empire
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1085:Ahl al-Hadith
1082:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
982:
978:
972:
971:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
937:
936:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
902:
897:
896:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
878:Judgement Day
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
847:
842:
841:
837:
833:
832:
828:
820:
814:
813:
803:
798:
796:
791:
789:
784:
783:
781:
780:
775:
765:
764:
763:
762:
755:
752:
751:
746:
745:Military laws
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
727:
726:
723:
721:
718:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
665:
664:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
644:
643:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
619:
616:
615:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
603:Proselytizing
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
511:Denominations
509:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
458:
454:
449:
448:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
409:
407:
406:
402:
400:
399:
395:
394:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
379:
374:
373:
366:
364:
360:
358:
356:
352:
351:
347:
344:
342:
340:
336:
334:
332:
328:
326:
324:
320:
319:
315:
314:
309:
308:
303:
302:
298:
296:
295:
291:
290:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
271:
270:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
234:
229:
228:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
190:
186:
183:
182:
179:
174:
173:
169:
165:
164:
161:
158:
157:
153:
149:
148:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
121:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
67:
62:
58:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
19:
7103:
7049:Chhattisgarh
6900:Dependencies
6830:Turkmenistan
6795:Saudi Arabia
6556:
6552:
6529:, retrieved
6523:
6470:
6439:. Retrieved
6437:. 2020-06-30
6434:
6425:
6413:. Retrieved
6409:
6385:. Retrieved
6381:
6372:
6361:. Retrieved
6357:
6347:
6336:. Retrieved
6334:. 2017-06-23
6331:
6322:
6310:. Retrieved
6306:
6271:. Retrieved
6257:
6245:. Retrieved
6241:the original
6234:
6225:
6215:, retrieved
6193:
6183:
6156:
6146:
6117:
6110:
6077:
6073:
6063:
6036:
6032:
6022:
6012:, retrieved
5982:
5972:
5952:
5945:
5926:
5920:
5909:. Retrieved
5897:
5888:
5846:
5839:
5828:. Retrieved
5816:
5807:
5796:. Retrieved
5792:
5783:
5752:
5747:
5736:. Retrieved
5731:
5722:
5710:. Retrieved
5706:the original
5696:
5685:. Retrieved
5681:
5672:
5661:. Retrieved
5657:
5648:
5637:. Retrieved
5633:the original
5628:
5619:
5608:. Retrieved
5593:
5586:
5576:
5569:
5557:. Retrieved
5542:
5535:
5523:. Retrieved
5508:
5501:
5489:. Retrieved
5483:
5477:
5465:. Retrieved
5450:
5443:
5419:
5412:
5400:. Retrieved
5385:
5378:
5370:
5365:
5354:
5346:
5326:. Retrieved
5322:the original
5311:
5301:
5297:Knox, Robert
5291:
5282:
5271:. Retrieved
5256:
5232:
5208:
5200:
5181:. Retrieved
5166:
5159:
5147:. Retrieved
5132:
5112:
5105:
5096:
5057:. Retrieved
5042:
5035:
5026:
5020:
5000:
4993:
4984:
4960:. Retrieved
4956:the original
4946:
4933:
4925:
4920:
4908:. Retrieved
4893:
4886:
4874:. Retrieved
4859:
4837:. Retrieved
4822:
4815:
4795:
4788:
4776:. Retrieved
4761:
4754:
4741:
4721:
4714:
4694:
4687:
4678:
4668:24 September
4666:. Retrieved
4662:
4652:
4641:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4587:
4581:
4569:. Retrieved
4554:
4518:
4511:
4499:. Retrieved
4495:
4485:
4476:
4469:
4464:
4439:. Retrieved
4435:
4426:
4417:
4409:
4333:
4260:cite journal
4252:10603/213506
4237:
4212:
4202:
4190:
4186:
4170:
4164:
4154:
4123:
4099:
4066:Bibliography
4050:Tamil Muslim
4007:
4003:
3994:
3990:Ahl-i Hadith
3988:
3983:
3979:
3970:
3958:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3930:, and more.
3927:
3923:
3913:
3903:
3889:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3863:and Ponnani
3860:
3859:, Kozhikode
3856:
3851:
3845:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3809:black pepper
3802:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3785:irachi puttu
3784:
3772:
3750:
3713:
3709:
3693:
3689:
3668:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3603:
3596:
3581:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3511:Daudi Bohras
3505:
3493:
3473:
3456:
3431:
3420:
3407:
3382:
3365:
3362:ship owners.
3348:
3333:
3258:
3249:
3243:
3229:
3224:
3209:
3199:
3177:Shīiah Islam
3109:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2793:
2780:% of Muslims
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2743:
2718:
2701:
2673:
2631:
2605:
2594:Indian Ocean
2580:, ruled the
2557:
2542:Ibn Battutah
2535:
2504:
2489:
2468:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2439:which means
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2413:Al-Baladhuri
2404:
2346:
2251:
2240:Panthalayini
2202:
2195:
2152:Indian Ocean
2133:
2113:Persian Gulf
2062:
2054:
2005:
1997:caste system
1982:
1968:
1889:Raza Academy
1785:Universities
1674:Goan Muslims
1654:Sunni Bohras
1488:Amir Khusrow
1433:Indo-Islamic
1415:Architecture
1222:
1153:Ahl-i Hadith
1093:In terms of
1090:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1007:
901:Five Pillars
720:Islamophobia
499:Demographics
494:Circumcision
410:
403:
396:
362:
354:
338:
330:
322:
311:
305:
299:
292:
65:
7194:West Bengal
7119:Maharashtra
7109:Lakshadweep
6959:Asia portal
6860:States with
6780:Philippines
6720:South Korea
6715:North Korea
6610:Afghanistan
6415:January 26,
6358:CookAwesome
6312:January 26,
6273:17 February
6265:. YouTube.
6159:: 195â210.
5491:17 February
5420:Albuquerque
5315:AG Noorani
4778:18 November
4501:12 November
4215:: 406â416.
3928:arikkadukka
3902:or sugar),
3850:Thalassery
3834:kuzhi mandi
3826:version of
3708:Thalassery
3694:arikkadukka
3640:Vattappattu
3515:: Western (
3495:Beary/Byary
3460:or Pathans:
3451:Kodungallur
3443:Mattanchery
3194:Communities
3135:Sunnī Islam
3120:Sunni Islam
3112:Sunni Islam
2636:written by
2582:Lakshadweep
2576:, based at
2564:as well as
2558:Shah Bandar
2447:, the word
2385:Al-Dimashqi
2276:Lakshadweep
2260:Malik Dinar
2248:Malik Dinar
2208:Kodungallur
2184:Kodungallur
2156:Middle East
2136:Middle East
2125:Middle East
2093:Phoenicians
2085:Phoenicians
2073:Babylonians
2028:Sunni Islam
2016:Sunni Islam
1972:arrived in
1239:Persecution
1075:Ahl al-Ra'y
827:Sunni Islam
398:Ahl al-Bayt
283:Foundations
84:Lakshadweep
48:Kodungallur
7209:Categories
7189:Uttarkhand
7169:Tamil Nadu
7149:Puducherry
7044:Chandigarh
6840:Uzbekistan
6815:Tajikistan
6730:Kyrgyzstan
6710:Kazakhstan
6630:Bangladesh
6620:Azerbaijan
6531:3 December
6441:2021-05-13
6387:2021-05-13
6363:2021-05-13
6338:2021-05-13
6217:2021-03-22
6014:2021-03-22
5911:2021-07-17
5830:2021-03-22
5798:2021-01-28
5738:2020-10-19
5687:2018-10-11
5663:2018-10-11
5639:2018-10-11
5610:2012-11-16
5273:2012-11-15
5183:2012-11-16
4571:10 October
4441:2023-04-22
4083:References
3735:Thalassery
3675:rice flour
3651:See also:
3614:Duff Muttu
3557:See also:
3553:Literature
3519:) Ismaili
3447:Fort Kochi
3394:Thalassery
3324:Tamil Nadu
3288:Trivandrum
3173:in Kerala.
3074:3,301,427
3055:2,635,375
3036:1,197,412
3017:2,127,789
2998:1,974,551
2979:1,108,974
2960:3,282,388
2941:3,121,200
2922:2,809,934
2906:2,888,849
2903:4,112,920
2899:Malappuram
2887:1,211,131
2884:3,086,293
2846:2,523,003
2827:1,307,375
2801:33,406,061
2740:Demography
2689:Portuguese
2608:Portuguese
2598:Portuguese
2596:until the
2540:traveller
2506:Vatteluttu
2393:South Asia
2342:South Asia
2332:, coastal
2284:Ubaidullah
2264:Thalangara
2111:, and the
1669:Kayamkhani
1609:Vora Patel
1353:Ghaznavids
1218:Literature
1183:Holy sites
1071:Maturidism
928:Pilgrimage
863:Holy books
588:Philosophy
325:(exegesis)
262:Pilgrimage
252:Almsgiving
7174:Telangana
7159:Rajasthan
7129:Meghalaya
7099:Karnataka
7094:Jharkhand
6926:Hong Kong
6880:Palestine
6805:Sri Lanka
6800:Singapore
6680:Indonesia
6498:cite book
6490:966288166
6410:The Hindu
6307:The Hindu
6247:15 August
6236:The Hindu
6138:949589339
6094:1423-0062
6055:2287-965X
6009:225771373
5894:"MAPPILA"
5874:cite book
5866:928782482
5813:"MAPPILA"
5328:5 January
4952:"History"
4496:The Hindu
4229:2590-3691
4100:The Hindu
3971:Palli Dar
3954:Malayalam
3905:muttamala
3898:grating,
3873:unnakkaya
3855:, Kannur
3846:biriyanis
3838:Malayalam
3739:Kozhikode
3585:Chandrika
3537:Alappuzha
3525:Kozhikode
3517:Mustaalis
3421:Kurikkals
3367:Marakkars
3343:Karnataka
3284:Tamilakam
3206:Mappilas.
3187:Ahmadiyya
3163:Islamists
3128:Islamists
3013:Alappuzha
2956:Ernakulam
2880:Kozhikode
2806:8,873,472
2765:Total Pop
2616:Kozhikode
2584:Islands.
2570:Ali Rajas
2531:Kozhikode
2453:Dravidian
2397:Al-Biruni
2369:Al-Masudi
2338:Sri Lanka
2334:Karnataka
2268:Kasaragod
2236:Dharmadam
2228:Kasaragod
2224:Mangalore
2129:Herodotus
2099:to trade
2081:Egyptians
2077:Assyrians
2043:Silk Road
2008:Malayalam
1978:Malayalam
1913:Samastha
1644:The Saits
1200:Jerusalem
1160:Modernism
1148:Wahhabism
1108:al-Wijdan
1067:Ash'arism
708:terrorism
660:Criticism
613:Sexuality
583:Mysticism
553:Festivals
533:Education
528:Economics
464:Academics
420:Caliphate
233:Practices
136:Malayalam
130:Languages
118:Religions
112:Singapore
96:Tulu Nadu
66:9 million
7139:Nagaland
6949:Category
6870:Abkhazia
6820:Thailand
6775:Pakistan
6755:Mongolia
6750:Maldives
6745:Malaysia
6645:Cambodia
6382:BBC Food
6267:Archived
5299:(1681).
4962:1 August
4019:See also
3963:Mappilas
3908:made of
3900:molasses
3865:biriyani
3861:biriyani
3857:biriyani
3852:biriyani
3813:cardamom
3793:parottas
3765:Yemenese
3604:Kolkkali
3569:folklore
3428:Malabar.
3336:Navayats
3320:Palakkad
3316:Pandalam
3300:kottayam
3292:Alapuzha
3280:Rowthers
3270:Muhammed
3260:Thangals
3237:Mukkuvan
3231:Pusalans
3201:Mappilas
3077:452,915
3058:508,500
3020:224,545
3001:126,499
2994:Kottayam
2963:514,397
2944:532,839
2937:Thrissur
2925:812,936
2918:Palakkad
2868:234,185
2865:817,420
2849:742,483
2830:486,913
2823:Kasargod
2775:% of Pop
2760:District
2622:and the
2538:Moroccan
2389:Mappilas
2381:Abulfeda
2290:. A few
2262:died at
2244:Chaliyam
2192:Muhammad
2176:Mappilas
2172:Muhammad
2144:Muhammad
2121:Cinnamon
2024:Salafism
2012:Hinduism
2001:Rowthers
1985:Mappilas
1749:Deobandi
1634:Nawayath
1585:(Kerala)
1583:Mappilas
1393:Ali Raja
1300:a series
1298:Part of
1143:Salafism
1112:al-Kashf
1081:Atharism
948:Abu Bakr
819:a series
817:Part of
754:Glossary
730:Jihadism
703:Violence
698:Islamism
669:Muhammad
655:Apostasy
598:Politics
548:Feminism
543:Exorcism
504:Diaspora
489:Children
484:Calendar
412:Rashidun
390:Muhammad
385:Timeline
346:Mathnawi
208:Prophets
152:a series
150:Part of
108:Malaysia
104:Nilgiris
7179:Tripura
7134:Mizoram
7124:Manipur
7079:Haryana
7074:Gujarat
6845:Vietnam
6760:Myanmar
6740:Lebanon
6670:Georgia
6625:Bahrain
6615:Armenia
6102:6745953
5753:Outlook
5559:25 July
5525:25 July
5467:30 July
5402:26 July
5149:30 July
5059:24 July
4910:25 July
4876:25 July
4839:24 July
4747:Solomon
4633:2800388
3949:madrasa
3924:chapati
3920:dessert
3896:coconut
3882:raisins
3829:biryani
3824:Malabar
3798:Pathiri
3777:mussels
3761:Persian
3753:Mappila
3743:Ponnani
3710:biryani
3670:Pathiri
3628:aravana
3608:Dandiya
3548:Culture
3541:Gujarat
3468:Khaljis
3458:Dakhnis
3433:Nainars
3425:Manjeri
3404:origin.
3402:Iranian
3360:Persian
3264:Sayyids
3140:ShÄfi'Ä«
3116:ShÄfiÊżÄ«
3095:Muslims
3080:13.72%
3061:19.30%
3039:55,074
3023:10.55%
2982:82,206
2966:15.67%
2947:17.07%
2928:28.93%
2912:32.56%
2909:70.24%
2893:13.65%
2890:39.24%
2871:28.65%
2861:Wayanad
2852:29.43%
2833:37.24%
2770:Muslims
2678:Mappila
2642:Ponnani
2562:Calicut
2554:Muslims
2519:Muslims
2461:Persian
2449:Malabar
2437:Malanad
2433:Malabar
2429:Munibar
2425:Mulibar
2421:Manibar
2417:Malibar
2405:Malabar
2373:Baghdad
2349:Muslims
2326:Muslims
2292:Umayyad
2288:Andrott
2203:Masjids
2034:History
1744:Barelwi
1719:Hanbali
1714:Shafi`i
1327:History
1234:History
1003:Hanbali
998:Shafi'i
977:schools
923:Fasting
918:Charity
846:Beliefs
625:Slavery
608:Science
563:Madrasa
558:Finance
469:Animals
457:society
453:Culture
425:Imamate
405:Sahabah
378:History
348:(Poems)
333:(creed)
257:Fasting
185:Oneness
178:Beliefs
64:
7164:Sikkim
7154:Punjab
7144:Odisha
7104:Kerala
6890:Taiwan
6825:Turkey
6790:Russia
6725:Kuwait
6705:Jordan
6695:Israel
6655:Cyprus
6640:Brunei
6635:Bhutan
6488:
6478:
6208:
6171:
6136:
6126:
6119:Jadeja
6100:
6092:
6053:
6007:
5997:
5960:
5933:
5864:
5854:
5712:10 May
5601:
5550:
5516:
5487:. 1922
5458:
5431:
5393:
5264:
5216:
5174:
5140:
5050:
5008:
4939:Kerala
4901:
4867:
4830:
4803:
4769:
4729:
4702:
4631:
4594:
4562:
4526:
4227:
4177:
4130:
3984:Sunnah
3878:banana
3789:irachi
3757:Kerala
3741:, and
3731:Kannur
3597:Oppana
3529:Kannur
3507:Bohras
3488:Lohana
3480:Kutchi
3464:Dakhni
3439:Cochin
3390:Kannur
3328:Kerala
3308:Idukki
3304:kollam
3251:Ossans
3146:កanafī
3099:Kerala
3083:5.10%
3064:5.73%
3051:Kollam
3045:0.62%
3042:4.60%
3026:2.53%
3007:1.43%
3004:6.41%
2988:0.93%
2985:7.41%
2975:Idukki
2969:5.80%
2950:6.00%
2931:9.16%
2874:2.64%
2855:8.37%
2842:Kannur
2836:5.49%
2816:100.0%
2811:26.56%
2795:Kerala
2705:Mysore
2681:Muslim
2662:Lisbon
2646:Arabic
2630:. The
2628:Ceylon
2612:Europe
2578:Kannur
2566:Quilon
2523:Arabic
2485:Kannur
2477:Arabic
2465:Arabic
2427:, and
2361:Muslim
2357:Kollam
2336:, and
2330:Kerala
2252:Masjid
2242:, and
2232:Kannur
2220:Barkur
2216:Madayi
2212:Kollam
2200:, the
2168:Arabia
2148:Kerala
2101:Spices
1993:Kerala
1976:, the
1974:Kerala
1754:Salafi
1724:Maliki
1709:Hanafi
1679:Chaush
1639:Bearys
1604:Memons
1443:Sharqi
1428:Mughal
1195:Medina
1170:Farahi
1046:Jariri
1039:Laythi
1032:Thawri
1025:Awza'i
1018:Zahiri
1010:Others
993:Maliki
988:Hanafi
975:Sunni
958:Uthman
913:Prayer
888:Sahaba
873:Angels
679:Hadith
593:Poetry
573:Mosque
538:Ethics
363:Sharia
331:Aqidah
323:Tafsir
307:Hadith
301:Sunnah
245:Prayer
196:Angels
100:Kodagu
92:Europe
80:Kerala
7064:Delhi
7039:Bihar
7034:Assam
6931:Macau
6850:Yemen
6810:Syria
6785:Qatar
6765:Nepal
6700:Japan
6675:India
6665:Egypt
6650:China
6005:S2CID
4629:JSTOR
3967:imams
3886:sugar
3848:like
3842:Yemen
3817:clove
3781:curry
3715:raita
3712:with
3533:Kochi
3521:Shiah
3484:Kutch
3415:Omani
3409:Koyas
3400:with
3384:Keyis
3350:Nahas
3296:Kochi
3262:(the
2693:Arabs
2691:era,
2670:Cairo
2620:Ormus
2586:Arabs
2525:, at
2515:Hindu
2496:Hindu
2467:word
2455:word
2282:, by
2272:Islam
2254:s in
2160:Islam
2105:Yemen
2089:Arabs
2069:Arabs
1970:Islam
1684:Siddi
1594:Khoja
1212:Lists
1190:Mecca
1106:(Ahl
1104:Sufis
1095:Ihsan
725:Jihad
674:Quran
635:Women
578:Music
516:Sunni
365:(law)
313:Sirah
294:Quran
278:Texts
160:Islam
124:Islam
6770:Oman
6735:Laos
6690:Iraq
6685:Iran
6533:2020
6504:link
6486:OCLC
6476:ISBN
6417:2021
6314:2021
6275:2012
6249:2009
6206:ISBN
6169:ISBN
6134:OCLC
6124:ISBN
6098:PMID
6090:ISSN
6051:ISSN
5995:ISBN
5958:ISBN
5931:ISBN
5880:link
5862:OCLC
5852:ISBN
5714:2017
5599:ISBN
5561:2012
5548:ISBN
5527:2012
5514:ISBN
5493:2012
5469:2012
5456:ISBN
5429:ISBN
5404:2012
5391:ISBN
5330:2013
5262:ISBN
5214:ISBN
5172:ISBN
5151:2012
5138:ISBN
5061:2012
5048:ISBN
5006:ISBN
4964:2012
4912:2012
4899:ISBN
4878:2012
4865:ISBN
4841:2012
4828:ISBN
4801:ISBN
4780:2012
4767:ISBN
4727:ISBN
4700:ISBN
4670:2014
4592:ISBN
4573:2012
4560:ISBN
4524:ISBN
4503:2015
4273:help
4225:ISSN
4175:ISBN
4128:ISBN
3918:, a
3910:eggs
3884:and
3822:The
3815:and
3804:ghee
3769:Arab
3767:and
3751:The
3561:and
3535:and
3449:and
3396:and
3326:and
2592:and
2536:The
2509:and
2469:Barr
2457:Mala
2411:and
2138:and
2109:Oman
2091:and
2079:and
1069:and
953:Umar
618:LGBT
521:Shia
455:and
355:Fiqh
7069:Goa
6902:and
6198:doi
6161:doi
6082:doi
6041:doi
5987:doi
5902:doi
5821:doi
4621:doi
4613:Man
4248:hdl
4217:doi
4173:.
4073:doi
3982:as-
3980:Ahl
3888:),
3836:in
3692:or
3618:daf
3114:of
3097:in
2614:to
2572:of
2529:in
2483:in
2403:as
2371:of
2328:of
2302:.
2266:in
2206:at
2018:of
2003:.
1649:Meo
1110:wa
981:law
979:of
963:Ali
853:God
713:war
474:Art
189:God
187:of
7211::
6557:18
6555:,
6500:}}
6496:{{
6484:.
6450:^
6433:.
6408:.
6396:^
6380:.
6356:.
6330:.
6305:.
6283:^
6233:.
6204:,
6192:,
6167:.
6155:.
6132:.
6096:.
6088:.
6078:34
6076:.
6072:.
6049:.
6035:.
6031:.
6003:,
5993:,
5981:,
5900:.
5896:.
5876:}}
5872:{{
5860:.
5819:.
5815:.
5791:.
5762:^
5730:.
5680:.
5656:.
5627:.
5597:.
5423:.
5338:^
5260:.
5240:^
5224:^
5192:^
5122:^
5085:^
5069:^
4972:^
4849:^
4661:.
4627:.
4617:11
4538:^
4494:.
4450:^
4434:.
4397:^
4343:^
4303:^
4281:^
4264::
4262:}}
4258:{{
4223:.
4211:.
4193:,
4171:ix
4142:^
4109:^
4091:^
4001:.
3957::
3912:,
3811:,
3783:,
3779:)
3763:,
3759:,
3737:,
3733:,
3573:c.
3531:,
3527:,
3445:,
3441:,
3392:,
3318:,
3314:,
3310:,
3306:,
3302:,
3298:,
3294:,
3290:,
3266:):
2672:.
2668:,
2431:.
2423:,
2419:,
2395:.
2238:,
2234:,
2230:,
2226:,
2222:,
2218:,
2214:,
2210:,
2107:,
2075:,
2071:,
2030:.
1302:on
821:on
310:,
154:on
138:,
110:,
106:,
102:,
86:,
82:,
61:c.
46:,
6993:e
6986:t
6979:v
6586:e
6579:t
6572:v
6506:)
6492:.
6444:.
6419:.
6390:.
6366:.
6341:.
6316:.
6277:.
6251:.
6200::
6177:.
6163::
6140:.
6104:.
6084::
6057:.
6043::
6037:5
5989::
5966:.
5939:.
5914:.
5904::
5882:)
5868:.
5833:.
5823::
5801:.
5741:.
5716:.
5690:.
5666:.
5642:.
5613:.
5563:.
5529:.
5495:.
5471:.
5437:.
5406:.
5332:.
5276:.
5186:.
5153:.
5063:.
5029:.
5014:.
4966:.
4914:.
4880:.
4843:.
4809:.
4782:.
4735:.
4708:.
4672:.
4635:.
4623::
4600:.
4575:.
4532:.
4505:.
4444:.
4275:)
4271:(
4254:.
4250::
4231:.
4219::
4136:.
4075::
4014:.
3951:(
3943:.
3787:(
3775:(
3513:)
3509:(
3462:"
3435::
3411::
3386::
3369::
3352::
3345:.
3338::
3330:.
3253::
3233::
3203::
3165:(
2463:/
1958:e
1951:t
1944:v
1284:e
1277:t
1270:v
1114:)
1097::
1087:)
1083:(
1077:)
1073:(
801:e
794:t
787:v
316:)
304:(
98:,
94:,
90:,
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
