1430:
698:
555:
64:
905:
674:, he fell under even greater censorship by the Russian authorities, which removed his articles about Ukraine from Russian newspapers. In May 1875, the local curator requested Drahomanov resign from the university, due to the allegations of separatism. But instead of resigning, he returned to Galicia, where he continued his work of
530:
623:. When he visited Galicia himself, he discovered that society there was largely stagnant, with inertia even affecting the radicals and populists. In an attempt to combat this, he took to writing a number of progressive articles, in which he criticised the Galician political leadership, and established the
470:
Following the death of his father, Drahomanov took a job as a geography teacher at a Kyiv high school, in order to financially support his family. His financial situation worsened following his marriage and the subsequent death of his mother-in-law, forcing him to take a second job as a journalist
404:, editing his secret club's handwritten journal. When he took the side of a fellow student against mistreatment by a school inspector, he was expelled from the Gymnasium before he could graduate, only managing to finish his secondary education following the intervention of the liberal pedagogue
1441:
Drahomanov was influential on the development of technical vocabulary in
Ukrainian prose, particularly that of political terminology, for which he attempted to create uniquely Ukrainian neologisms, independent from both international terminology. Drahomanov also tried to popularize his own
455:. As a result, Drahomanov was censored by the university administration, but also brought him closer to his liberal professors, with one recommending him to the university's governing council. But Drahomanov's ascent was blocked by the conservative administration, as part of a generalised
2059:
936:
was largely spent lecturing on ancient civilisations and studying
Ukrainian folklore and literature, although he still maintained his collaboration with the radical press in his "second homeland" of Galicia. In his articles for the Galician press, he defended
301:
leanings, perhaps best known as one of the first proponents of
Ukrainian autonomism. For Drahomanov, ethnographic studies had a deep influence on his political ideas, and his politics in turn motivated study of particular areas of Ukrainian folk literature.
1186:
246:
1211:, Drahomanov was both fiercely critical of the Ukrainian national movement while writing in the Ukrainian language and ardently defended Ukrainian self-determination while writing in the Russian language. As a result, he was denounced respectively as a
578:
and was nominated by the university council to become an assistant professor, his appointment was initially blocked by
Shirinsky-Shikhmatov, which prevented him from receiving funds during his scholarly trip abroad. His travels took him first to
988:, which helped spread and celebrate his ideas throughout Ukraine, despite the censorship of the Russian government. But by the time his ideas were beginning to receive widespread recognition, he was beginning to suffer from an
349:
1465:, the first of which was established in 1875 by his followers, but this was quickly suppressed by the imperial authorities. In October 1890, a coalition of Drahomanovite intellectuals and grass-roots peasant activists in
1356:
Drahomanov believed that true freedom could be accomplished through a federation of equal and autonomous individuals, groups and communities. In terms of state forms, he was intrigued most by the federative democracy in
864:
audiences. He also continued his involvement in
Galician socialist politics, sending letters and articles to various publications and progressive political leaders, and keeping a close correspondence with his disciples
891:
in the face of the increasingly reactionary political climate in Kyiv and was now worried that his radicalism might prevent the
Russian government from loosening restrictions on the Ukrainian language. In 1886, the
376:
875:
733:. But before he could get settled, the Austrian imperial government initiated against the Galician socialist movement and accused Drahomanov himself of being its leader, forcing him to flee to Switzerland.
725:, which prohibited all Ukrainian language publications and public performances, shut down the Ukrainian Geographical Society and formally banished Ukrainian nationalists, including Drahomanov himself. The
2828:
968:
in Russia, which each accused him of being an agent for the other. He was also accused of revolutionary centralists in Russia and
Galicia, as well as Ukrainian right-wing nationalists, of being an
664:, with which he published his collections of Ukrainian folklore and folk music. The Society and Drahomanov himself quickly came under attack by the city's reactionaries around the newspaper
759:
297:
intellectual and public figure. As an academic, Drahomanov was an economist, historian, philosopher, and ethnographer, while as a public intellectual he was a political theorist with
525:
451:. He also spoke in defense of his mentor Pirogov, who had been dismissed from his post for his liberalism, praising him for his educational reforms, particularly his abolition of
729:
responded by appointing
Drahomanov to represent the Ukrainian national movement abroad and pledged to financially support him in exile. In May 1876, Drahomanov left Ukraine for
2328:
771:, as he considered the establishment of socialism to require a gradual evolutionary process, rather than a swift revolutionary one. He also criticised their tendencies towards
836:
committed to reactionary politics and dissolved
Shuvalov's project. The following month, Drahomanov was joined in Geneva by other Ukrainian radicals, who together drew up a
749:, as well as several other literary works: penning a collection of Ukrainian socialist music; writing about living and working conditions in Ukraine; and editing a novel by
2823:
660:
In
September 1873, Drahomanov arrived back in Kyiv, where he was finally appointed as an assistant professor for the university and joined the Ukrainian section of the
544:
516:. This drew the attention of the Russian authorities, which suspected the society had links with the Polish insurrection and began to repress the nascent movement for
2773:
2743:
2738:
2712:
2768:
1339:
1181:
241:
721:
himself ordering Drahomanov's dismissal from Kyiv University and appointing a commission suppress Ukrainian separatism. In May 1876, Alexander II issued the
371:
344:
2913:
1549:
870:
392:
Mykhailo Drahomanov became an avid learner, enrolling at the Poltava Classical Gymnasium in 1853, where he was exposed to the works of the socialist
2888:
1603:. In 1997, the institute was granted "National University" status, being subsequently designated National Pedagogical Drahomanov University.
2898:
754:
417:
179:
1172:
Several members of Drahomanov's family were relevant in their own right. He was an uncle of Ukrainian poet Larysa Kosach (better known as
2818:
2813:
2778:
2753:
1584:
1362:
547:. Nevertheless, he remained active in radical politics, even criticising revolutionary students from Saint Petersburg that advocated for
2763:
2758:
2748:
2333:
1600:
1434:
607:
was a necessary prerequisite, while others considered Russian peasants to already be ready for a socialist society. He finally went to
2562:
2338:
495:, which was the only type of Ukrainian-language publication that wasn't forbidden by the authorities. In 1869, he collaborated with
2803:
2606:
2903:
2863:
1521:
788:
686:. Drahomanov's influence helped to stimulate political life in Galicia, especially through his articles in the student newspaper
2838:
1592:
1486:
924:, once again providing him with financial security. Despite demands by the Russian imperial government to expel him and other "
2654:
2918:
2798:
996:. On 20 June 1895, Mykhailo Drahomanov died shortly after giving a lecture at the University of Sofia. He was buried in the
2868:
1580:
1494:
683:
382:
670:, which accused the Society of separatism and Drahomanov of being a Polish agent. After Drahomanov began working at the
2788:
678:
and worked as a liaison between Ukrainians in the empires of Austria and Russia, even advocating for the liberation of
2676:
2628:
2584:
2471:
1517:
2848:
1462:
1299:
616:
559:
2893:
2878:
2873:
2853:
2858:
2783:
1533:
1498:
1331:
2908:
2833:
1576:
1572:
1489:, which represented the more liberal aspect of Drahomanov's thought. These two parties formed the basis of a
1344:
1295:
624:
397:
316:
20:
2843:
2793:
1212:
1176:), whose own education he contributed to, and he was a brother of the writer and ethnographer Olha Kosach (
661:
2883:
1418:
981:
780:
1537:
825:
189:
883:
By this time, Drahomanov's radical socialist politics were beginning to alienate other members of the
989:
925:
2509:"Chapter 12: The First Ukrainian Political Program: Mykhailo Drahomanovʼs "Introduction" to Hromada"
972:
for the Russian Empire. Despite these accusations, he kept to his political convictions, upholding
929:
776:
536:
508:
125:
2659:
2611:
2567:
1513:
1470:
985:
833:
829:
691:
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635:
for comparison and began to write his first political works. In 1872, he published an article in
475:, for which he wrote about the situation of life in Ukraine. On 25 May 1864, after defending his
524:
prohibiting the printing of works in Ukrainian. When Drahomanov published a review of a book by
1509:
1382:
1303:
997:
993:
917:
856:. At this time, Drahomanov also aided in the publication of a geographical study of Ukraine by
718:
717:
But Drahomanov's presence in Galicia brought greater scrutiny by the Russian authorities, with
706:
548:
135:
2668:
2620:
2576:
1394:
1366:
1323:
1216:
517:
2733:
2728:
1461:
Drahomanov spearheaded the development of independent Ukrainian political organisations in
1374:
1287:
1224:
1208:
913:
813:
500:
496:
424:. He quickly joined a radical student circle that participated in the early stages of the "
359:
355:
324:
231:
203:
896:
stopped providing Drahomanov with financial assistance, leaving him outcast and isolated.
8:
1386:
938:
888:
679:
584:
452:
425:
332:
221:
87:
1525:
1482:
1447:
1370:
1283:
977:
857:
817:
710:
571:
513:
492:
487:, Drahomanov's interests shifted towards Slavic history, particularly concentrating on
286:
217:
213:
155:
2528:
599:, where he met a number of Russian emigres and debated with them the establishment of
2808:
2682:
2672:
2634:
2624:
2602:
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2580:
2558:
2508:
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2461:
2457:
2445:
2431:
2414:
2400:
2383:
2369:
1571:
Following the collapse of the UPR, exiled Ukrainian nationalists shifted towards the
1557:
1474:
1406:
1350:
1192:
973:
969:
965:
799:
620:
604:
386:
258:
824:, due specifically to Drahomanov's opposition to Narodnaya Volya's terrorism, which
2427:
2396:
2365:
1588:
1529:
1490:
1327:
1311:
1058:
954:
921:
772:
650:
632:
460:
440:
436:
429:
393:
199:
159:
932:, in 1893, his contract was renewed for another three years. Drahomanov's time in
2488:
1545:
1505:
1398:
1248:
1219:
by both sides of the debate. His system of thought was based in an opposition to
1196:
950:
809:
768:
675:
608:
588:
563:
488:
484:
464:
405:
1098:
1082:
339:. His family's status meant Drahomanov was closely acquainted with the ideas of
2529:"Chapter 13: Mykhailo Drahomanov and the Problem of Ukrainian-Jewish Relations"
1561:
1455:
1315:
1275:
1173:
1074:
942:
861:
845:
637:
631:. During his trip, he also continued his studies of ancient history, collected
336:
320:
268:
100:
91:
2435:
2404:
2373:
1134:
1126:
1106:
1090:
1066:
2722:
2686:
2638:
2594:
2449:
2441:
2418:
2410:
2387:
2379:
1565:
1446:
of the Ukrainian language, based on a simplified and rationalised version of
1429:
1410:
1335:
1228:
1177:
860:
and publicised the Russian imperial prohibition of the Ukrainian language to
697:
654:
642:
580:
521:
340:
273:
767:
He again engaged in a debate with Russian revolutionaries, such as those of
1516:. Two eastern Ukrainian parties that adopted Drahomanov's program were the
1478:
1443:
1414:
1402:
1378:
1271:
1040:
Review: "Primer for Use in the Folk Schools of the School District of Kyiv"
447:
in 1861, giving a speech over his coffin when the funeral train stopped in
367:
1493:
in Galician Ukrainian politics, going on to lead the establishment of the
566:(dark-grey), a region which Drahomanov described as his "second homeland".
1596:
1451:
1358:
1256:
1252:
946:
866:
750:
596:
456:
2466:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 203–298.
1575:, with some directly blaming Drahomanov's ideas for their defeat in the
483:, he was admitted as a lecturer at Kyiv University. From his studies of
432:
in Ukraine, before their suppression by the Russian government in 1862.
2707:
1553:
1319:
1244:
1236:
1232:
837:
820:, the journal was discovered to have been financially supported by the
666:
612:
540:
401:
294:
169:
24:
984:. With these principles in mind, he and his followers established the
949:
in the region. He also wrote a number of works about the situation in
1583:, Drahomanov was denounced as a liberal and a nationalist during the
1390:
1307:
1290:. He therefore considered the goal of mankind to be movement towards
1240:
841:
784:
600:
539:, Drahomanov was publicly accused by the Russian press of advocating
298:
145:
745:, Drahomanov began working on a socialist political program for the
2664:
2616:
1541:
961:
798:, which attracted readers and correspondents from opponents of the
722:
702:
480:
2829:
Academic staff of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
794:
In August 1881, Drahomanov became editor-in-chief for the journal
554:
2572:
1524:, which came to hold a strong influence in Ukraine following the
1291:
1279:
1267:
1263:
821:
804:
592:
575:
421:
363:
328:
104:
83:
32:
960:
Drahomanov's continuing radical journalism made enemies of the
742:
730:
476:
411:
1843:
1841:
1768:
1766:
1595:. In 1991, the former Kyiv Pedagogical Instituted named after
904:
1726:
1724:
1220:
1195:, who became the wife of the Bulgarian writer and politician
933:
444:
121:
63:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2117:
2090:
2107:
2105:
2000:
1976:
1952:
1928:
1904:
1880:
1858:
1856:
1838:
1814:
1790:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1736:
1613:
1466:
628:
448:
2444:: Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 47–62.
2413:: Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 36–46.
1721:
1450:'s phonetic orthography, which was adopted by the writers
1099:
Germany's Drive to the East and Moscow's Drive to the West
1091:
The Centralization of the Revolutionary Struggle in Russia
2382:: Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences. pp. 6–22.
2062:[Ancient Bulgarian legends - Lydia Shishmanova].
2060:"Древните български предания и легенди – Лидия Шишманова"
1552:. As it grew, the Ukrainian government used Drahomanov's
1231:. This resulted in his own political philosophy becoming
2297:
2273:
2249:
2225:
2201:
2141:
2129:
2102:
2078:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2012:
1988:
1964:
1940:
1916:
1892:
1868:
1853:
1826:
1802:
1778:
1748:
1685:
1661:
1637:
832:
movement. By May 1883, the journal had shuttered, after
2708:
Biography of Drahomanov and his writings (in Ukrainian)
1709:
1560:, even proposing the reorganization of the entirety of
512:, a secret society that advocated for education in the
315:
Mykhailo Drahomanov was born on 18 September [
2437:
Mykhailo Drahomanov: A Symposium and Selected Writings
2406:
Mykhailo Drahomanov: A Symposium and Selected Writings
2375:
Mykhailo Drahomanov: A Symposium and Selected Writings
1697:
1673:
1649:
1625:
899:
2309:
2285:
2261:
2237:
2213:
2024:
1469:
established the first Ukrainian political party: the
1409:, as the will of the people could be used to justify
1052:
Ukrainian literature banned by the Russian government
627:, which became a center for Ukrainian scholarship in
506:
It was at this time that he became involved with the
1075:
A Geographic and Historical Survey of Eastern Europe
690:, which formed the nucleus of what would become the
310:
2824:
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
1587:, but his ideas found a renewed interest following
736:
1377:and had ultimately resulted in the suppression of
1369:, as he believed the centralising tendency of the
1127:Taming of the Shrew in the Folklore of the Ukraine
1067:Political and Social Ideas in Ukrainian Folk Songs
1114:Peculiar Thoughts on the Ukrainian National Cause
2774:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Switzerland
2744:19th-century journalists from the Russian Empire
2720:
2489:"Chapter 11: Drahomanov as a Political Theorist"
908:Memorial plaque dedicated to Drahomanov in Sofia
543:and subsequently fell under surveillance by the
400:. At the Gymnasium, he also began his career in
945:of Galician society, opposing the influence of
51:
2739:19th-century educators from the Russian Empire
2556:
1270:, concerning itself mainly with strengthening
2769:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Bulgaria
2713:The Orthodox Nationalist: Mykhailo Drahomanov
2533:Rudnytsky- Essays in Modern Ukrainian History
2527:
2513:Rudnytsky- Essays in Modern Ukrainian History
2507:
2493:Rudnytsky- Essays in Modern Ukrainian History
2487:
1619:
591:and studied the Slavic cultural movement in
412:Scholarship and activism in Kyiv (1859-1876)
2428:"Drahomanov's Impact on Ukrainian Politics"
428:" campaign, establishing some of the first
2394:
2363:
2334:National Pedagogical Drahomanov University
2045:
2018:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1886:
1874:
1862:
1847:
1832:
1820:
1808:
1796:
1784:
1772:
1757:
1742:
1730:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1643:
1631:
1435:National Pedagogical Drahomanov University
1310:in opposition to the dominant theories of
1278:, as Drahomanov believed the expansion of
62:
2652:
2601:
2460:(1988) . "Various essays on Drahomanov".
2456:
2315:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2135:
2123:
2111:
2096:
2084:
293:; 18 September 1841 – 2 July 1895) was a
2914:Ukrainian victims of human rights abuses
1428:
1015:Historical Songs of the Ukrainian People
920:to teach history for three years at the
903:
696:
553:
491:. In 1867, he published a collection of
2669:Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
2621:Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies
2425:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2033:
1046:On the Question of Ukrainian Literature
1027:Political Songs of the Ukrainian People
912:In 1889, while working on a history of
2889:Ukrainian people in the Russian Empire
2721:
2057:
2051:
1227:that claimed to have solutions to all
641:, in which he argued that policies of
570:In 1870, when Drahomanov defended his
499:on the publication of a collection of
435:He was present during the transfer of
1601:Kyiv Pedagogical Drahomanov Institute
1504:Drahomanov was not as influential in
1223:, which led him to reject more rigid
783:, particularly disapproving of their
1550:declared the independence of Ukraine
1401:. He believed that the idea of the "
1274:and defending those rights from the
1202:
416:In 1859, Drahomanov enrolled in the
2899:Ukrainian Radical Party politicians
1581:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1532:influenced the constitution of the
1485:left the party and merged into the
1385:. He was opposed to the concept of
1365:. He had a negative opinion of the
1021:Ukrainian Popular Legends and Tales
900:Final years in Bulgaria (1889-1895)
319:6 September] 1841, into a
13:
2819:Academic staff of Sofia University
2814:Socialists from the Russian Empire
2779:Historians from the Russian Empire
2754:19th-century Ukrainian journalists
2550:
2463:Essays in Modern Ukrainian History
16:Ukrainian intellectual (1841–1895)
14:
2930:
2764:Burials at Central Sofia Cemetery
2759:Academics from the Russian Empire
2749:19th-century Ukrainian historians
2701:
2366:"The Life of Mykhailo Drahomanov"
1361:and the constitutionalism in the
1318:, in developing his own ideas on
887:, which had moved closer towards
311:Early life in Poltava (1841-1859)
1495:West Ukrainian People's Republic
1322:. His other influences included
1302:. He was influenced directly by
1167:
957:to his own radical perspective.
916:, Drahomanov was invited by the
737:Exile in Switzerland (1876-1889)
2804:People from Poltava Governorate
2357:
2321:
2058:Spasov, Spas (1 January 2016).
1548:to national minorities when it
1477:and declared its aim to be the
1433:Bust of Drahomanov outside the
1405:" was diametrically opposed to
1393:of the people", represented in
1262:Drahomanov's politics centered
709:that prohibited the use of the
343:from an early age. His father,
2904:Ukrainian critics of religions
2864:Ukrainian folk-song collectors
2364:Doroshenko, Volodymyr (1952).
2337:(in Ukrainian). Archived from
1499:dissolution of Austria-Hungary
1473:, which defended Drahomanov's
992:, which left him with a fatal
526:Alexander Shirinsky-Shikhmatov
1:
2839:Ukrainian democracy activists
1606:
1577:Ukrainian War of Independence
1522:Socialist-Revolutionary Party
802:, due to its advocacy of the
789:assassination of Alexander II
625:Shevchenko Scientific Society
283:Mykhailo Petrovych Drahomanov
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
2919:Ukrainian writers in Russian
2799:People from Gadyachsky Uyezd
2653:Zhukovsky, Arkadii (2015) .
1284:limiting of government power
787:, which culminated with the
662:Russian Geographical Society
305:
7:
1534:Ukrainian People's Republic
1419:individual and group rights
619:, then a possession of the
291:Михайло Петрович Драгоманов
10:
2935:
2869:Ukrainian-language writers
2397:"Drahomanov as Folklorist"
2395:Odarchenko, Petro (1952).
1518:Socialist-Federalist Party
1213:socialist internationalist
1180:). With his wife, actress
1120:Letters to Dnieper Ukraine
362:and provided legal aid to
190:Ukrainian national revival
19:In this name that follows
18:
2789:Hromada (society) members
2563:"Ukrainian Radical party"
1591:and especially after the
1487:National Democratic Party
1424:
1332:Édouard René de Laboulaye
990:abdominal aortic aneurysm
853:
603:, himself declaring that
583:, where he witnessed the
385:and a sympathiser of the
290:
264:
254:
237:
227:
209:
195:
185:
175:
165:
151:
141:
131:
111:
70:
61:
52:
46:
2426:Stakhiv, Matviy (1952).
1568:of independent nations.
1528:. Drahomanov's ideas on
1417:, which endangered both
1138:(Published posthumously)
1003:
844:program for remodelling
777:Great Russian chauvinism
537:Great Russian chauvinism
354:, was influenced by the
2849:Ukrainian ethnographers
2660:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
2612:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
2568:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1593:independence of Ukraine
1471:Ukrainian Radical Party
986:Ukrainian Radical Party
953:, managing to win over
941:and campaigned for the
830:revolutionary socialist
692:Ukrainian Radical Party
587:, attended lectures by
383:Society of United Slavs
2894:Ukrainian philosophers
2879:Ukrainian nationalists
2874:Ukrainian male writers
2854:Ukrainian ethnologists
2607:"Drahomanov, Mykhailo"
2603:Rudnytsky, Ivan Lysiak
2559:Rudnytsky, Ivan Lysiak
2432:Rudyntsky, Ivan Lysiak
2401:Rudyntsky, Ivan Lysiak
2370:Rudyntsky, Ivan Lysiak
1510:freedom of association
1508:, which only attained
1438:
1389:, what he called the "
1383:freedom of association
1304:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
1083:Program of the Hromada
998:Central Sofia Cemetery
994:cardiovascular disease
918:government of Bulgaria
909:
828:hoped would split the
812:and its opposition to
714:
567:
549:centralized government
381:, was a member of the
136:Central Sofia Cemetery
2859:Ukrainian folklorists
2784:Historians of Ukraine
2577:University of Toronto
1481:of Ukraine. In 1899,
1432:
1395:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1324:Francesc Pi i Margall
1306:, who had formulated
1294:, a society based on
1217:bourgeois nationalist
1191:, he had a daughter,
907:
700:
595:. He then went on to
557:
535:, criticising it for
518:Ukrainian nationalism
2909:Ukrainian socialists
2834:Ukrainian anarchists
1375:counterrevolutionary
1340:Charles Dupont-White
1288:political revolution
1235:, drawing from both
1225:political philosophy
1209:political journalism
1182:Liudmyla Drahomanova
914:Ukrainian literature
814:revolutionary terror
501:Ukrainian folk music
497:Volodymyr Antonovych
242:Lyudmyla Drahomanova
204:political journalism
2844:Ukrainian educators
2794:People from Hadiach
2329:"Історична довідка"
2198:, pp. 209–210.
2186:, pp. 208–209.
2174:, pp. 207–208.
2162:, pp. 206–207.
2126:, pp. 205–206.
2099:, pp. 204–205.
1599:was renamed as the
1444:orthographic reform
1387:popular sovereignty
1163:(Geneva, 1881–1883)
1157:(Geneva, 1876–1881)
939:freedom of religion
922:University of Sofia
889:right-wing politics
680:Carpathian Ruthenia
585:Franco-Prussian War
453:corporal punishment
426:Going to the People
420:, where he studied
398:Friedrich Schlosser
368:military conscripts
333:Poltava Governorate
325:Zaporozhian Cossack
88:Poltava Governorate
48:Mykhailo Drahomanov
2884:Ukrainian nobility
2557:Himka, John-Paul;
2535:. pp. 283–298
2515:. pp. 255–281
2495:. pp. 203–253
2458:Rudnytsky, Ivan L.
1448:Panteleimon Kulish
1439:
1282:resulted from the
1059:Panslav Federalism
978:self-determination
910:
715:
711:Ukrainian language
701:A monument to the
568:
560:Kingdom of Galicia
514:Ukrainian language
493:Ukrainian folklore
418:University of Kyiv
396:and the historian
321:minor noble family
180:University of Kyiv
53:Михайло Драгоманов
2655:"Hromada of Kyiv"
2306:, pp. 61–62.
2282:, pp. 60–61.
2258:, pp. 59–60.
2234:, pp. 58–59.
2210:, pp. 54–55.
2009:, pp. 21–22.
1985:, pp. 20–21.
1961:, pp. 19–20.
1937:, pp. 18–19.
1913:, pp. 17–18.
1889:, pp. 16–17.
1850:, pp. 14–15.
1823:, pp. 13–14.
1799:, pp. 12–13.
1775:, pp. 11–12.
1745:, pp. 10–11.
1620:Rudnytsky Chapt11
1558:regional autonomy
1540:, which extended
1475:ethical socialism
1407:political freedom
1397:'s theory of the
1351:Benjamin Constant
1203:Political thought
1193:Lidia Shishmanova
1151:(Kyiv, 1874–1875)
1017:(Kyiv, 1874–1875)
974:political freedom
970:agent provocateur
966:Tsarist autocracy
800:Tsarist autocracy
785:terrorist tactics
672:Kievsky Telegraph
651:eastern expansion
647:ethnic minorities
621:Habsburg monarchy
605:political freedom
280:
279:
259:Lidia Shishmanova
228:Literary movement
214:Ukrainian history
81:18 September 1841
2926:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2598:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2453:
2422:
2391:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1733:, pp. 9–10.
1728:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1589:de-Stalinization
1585:Stalinist period
1530:multiculturalism
1491:two-party system
1348:
1328:John Stuart Mill
1312:authoritarianism
1296:free association
1190:
1149:Kievsky Telegraf
1062:(Grenoble, 1878)
982:internationalism
964:in Galicia, the
955:Borys Hrinchenko
879:
862:Western European
855:
816:. Following the
781:Machiavellianism
773:authoritarianism
763:
633:folklore studies
534:
461:January Uprising
441:Saint Petersburg
439:'s remains from
437:Taras Shevchenko
430:folk high school
394:Alexander Herzen
380:
372:Yakiv Drahomanov
353:
345:Petro Drahomanov
331:, a town in the
292:
250:
200:Academic writing
118:
98:
80:
78:
66:
56:
55:
54:
44:
43:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2719:
2718:
2704:
2691:
2689:
2679:
2643:
2641:
2631:
2615:. Vol. 1.
2587:
2571:. Vol. 5.
2553:
2551:Further reading
2538:
2536:
2518:
2516:
2498:
2496:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2341:on 1 March 2012
2327:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2056:
2052:
2046:Odarchenko 1952
2044:
2040:
2032:
2025:
2019:Doroshenko 1952
2017:
2013:
2007:Doroshenko 1952
2005:
2001:
1995:Doroshenko 1952
1993:
1989:
1983:Doroshenko 1952
1981:
1977:
1971:Doroshenko 1952
1969:
1965:
1959:Doroshenko 1952
1957:
1953:
1947:Doroshenko 1952
1945:
1941:
1935:Doroshenko 1952
1933:
1929:
1923:Doroshenko 1952
1921:
1917:
1911:Doroshenko 1952
1909:
1905:
1899:Doroshenko 1952
1897:
1893:
1887:Doroshenko 1952
1885:
1881:
1875:Doroshenko 1952
1873:
1869:
1863:Doroshenko 1952
1861:
1854:
1848:Doroshenko 1952
1846:
1839:
1833:Doroshenko 1952
1831:
1827:
1821:Doroshenko 1952
1819:
1815:
1809:Doroshenko 1952
1807:
1803:
1797:Doroshenko 1952
1795:
1791:
1785:Doroshenko 1952
1783:
1779:
1773:Doroshenko 1952
1771:
1764:
1758:Doroshenko 1952
1756:
1749:
1743:Doroshenko 1952
1741:
1737:
1731:Doroshenko 1952
1729:
1722:
1716:Doroshenko 1952
1714:
1710:
1704:Doroshenko 1952
1702:
1698:
1694:, pp. 8–9.
1692:Doroshenko 1952
1690:
1686:
1680:Doroshenko 1952
1678:
1674:
1670:, pp. 7–8.
1668:Doroshenko 1952
1666:
1662:
1656:Doroshenko 1952
1654:
1650:
1646:, pp. 6–7.
1644:Doroshenko 1952
1642:
1638:
1632:Doroshenko 1952
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1546:self-governance
1538:Central Council
1526:1917 Revolution
1514:1905 Revolution
1506:Dnieper Ukraine
1427:
1399:social contract
1379:workers' rights
1367:French Republic
1342:
1249:cosmopolitanism
1205:
1197:Ivan Shishmanov
1184:
1170:
1130:(Chicago, 1893)
1006:
962:Polish nobility
951:Dnieper Ukraine
902:
873:
871:Mykhailo Pavlyk
818:1917 Revolution
810:self-governance
769:Narodnaya Volya
757:
739:
676:Europeanisation
611:, where he met
609:Austria-Hungary
589:Theodor Mommsen
572:master's thesis
564:Austria-Hungary
528:
485:ancient history
473:Petersburg News
414:
406:Nikolay Pirogov
374:
347:
313:
308:
272:
244:
176:Alma mater
120:
116:
96:
94:
82:
76:
74:
57:
50:
49:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2932:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2717:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2702:External links
2700:
2699:
2698:
2677:
2650:
2629:
2599:
2585:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2525:
2505:
2472:
2454:
2423:
2392:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2320:
2316:Rudnytsky 2014
2308:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2196:Rudnytsky 1988
2188:
2184:Rudnytsky 1988
2176:
2172:Rudnytsky 1988
2164:
2160:Rudnytsky 1988
2152:
2150:, p. 207.
2148:Rudnytsky 1988
2140:
2138:, p. 206.
2136:Rudnytsky 1988
2128:
2124:Rudnytsky 1988
2116:
2114:, p. 205.
2112:Rudnytsky 1988
2101:
2097:Rudnytsky 1988
2089:
2087:, p. 204.
2085:Rudnytsky 1988
2077:
2066:(in Bulgarian)
2050:
2038:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1852:
1837:
1825:
1813:
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1735:
1720:
1708:
1696:
1684:
1672:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1622:, p. 203.
1611:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1562:Eastern Europe
1456:Lesya Ukrainka
1426:
1423:
1363:United Kingdom
1204:
1201:
1174:Lesya Ukrainka
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1135:The Lost Epoch
1131:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1110:(Geneva, 1884)
1103:
1102:(Geneva, 1882)
1095:
1094:(Geneva, 1882)
1087:
1086:(Geneva, 1881)
1079:
1078:(Geneva, 1881)
1071:
1070:(Vienna, 1880)
1063:
1055:
1049:
1048:(Vienna, 1876)
1043:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1029:(Geneva, 1876)
1024:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1002:
943:secularization
901:
898:
846:Eastern Europe
826:Pavel Shuvalov
738:
735:
705:, a decree by
684:Hungarian rule
638:Vestnik Evropy
413:
410:
337:Russian Empire
312:
309:
307:
304:
278:
277:
269:Lesya Ukrainka
266:
262:
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143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
119:(aged 53)
113:
109:
108:
101:Poltava Oblast
92:Russian Empire
72:
68:
67:
59:
58:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2678:9781442632813
2674:
2670:
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2640:
2636:
2632:
2630:9780802034168
2626:
2622:
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2586:9780802039958
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2530:
2526:
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2473:9780916458195
2469:
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2455:
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2433:
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2362:
2361:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2294:, p. 61.
2293:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2270:, p. 60.
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2246:, p. 59.
2245:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2222:, p. 58.
2221:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2098:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2048:, p. 41.
2047:
2042:
2036:, p. 55.
2035:
2030:
2028:
2021:, p. 22.
2020:
2015:
2008:
2003:
1997:, p. 21.
1996:
1991:
1984:
1979:
1973:, p. 20.
1972:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1949:, p. 19.
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1925:, p. 18.
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1901:, p. 17.
1900:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1877:, p. 16.
1876:
1871:
1865:, p. 15.
1864:
1859:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1835:, p. 14.
1834:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1811:, p. 13.
1810:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1787:, p. 12.
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1760:, p. 11.
1759:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1718:, p. 10.
1717:
1712:
1705:
1700:
1693:
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1681:
1676:
1669:
1664:
1657:
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1628:
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1612:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1566:confederation
1563:
1559:
1556:to guarantee
1555:
1554:federal model
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1536:(UPR) by the
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
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1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1431:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:majority rule
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1336:Odilon Barrot
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
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1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:social issues
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1178:Olena Pchilka
1175:
1168:Personal life
1162:
1161:Volnoye Slovo
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1128:
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1100:
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1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1054:(Paris, 1878)
1053:
1050:
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1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
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868:
863:
859:
858:Élisée Reclus
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Alexander III
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
806:
801:
797:
796:Volnoye Slovo
792:
790:
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699:
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693:
689:
685:
681:
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669:
668:
663:
658:
656:
655:German Empire
652:
648:
644:
643:Russification
640:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
573:
565:
562:(red) within
561:
556:
552:
550:
546:
545:secret police
542:
538:
532:
527:
523:
522:Pyotr Valuyev
519:
515:
511:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
468:
466:
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2537:. Retrieved
2532:
2517:. Retrieved
2512:
2497:. Retrieved
2492:
2477:. Retrieved
2462:
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2374:
2358:Bibliography
2343:. Retrieved
2339:the original
2332:
2323:
2311:
2304:Stakhiv 1952
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2292:Stakhiv 1952
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1627:
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1460:
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1403:popular will
1355:
1272:human rights
1261:
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1122:(Lviv, 1893)
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1116:(Lviv, 1891)
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117:(1895-07-02)
41:
36:
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2734:1895 deaths
2729:1841 births
2692:15 December
2644:15 December
2539:21 November
2519:21 November
2499:21 November
2479:21 November
1597:Maxim Gorky
1452:Ivan Franko
1359:Switzerland
1343: [
1253:Slavophilia
1185: [
1009:Collections
947:clericalism
874: [
867:Ivan Franko
850:Volny Soyuz
758: [
751:Panas Myrny
597:Switzerland
551:in Russia.
529: [
387:Decembrists
375: [
348: [
245: [
166:Nationality
115:2 July 1895
33:family name
2723:Categories
1607:References
1512:after the
1497:after the
1320:federalism
1316:centralism
1300:mutual aid
1286:by way of
1257:Westernism
1245:patriotism
1237:liberalism
1107:Free Union
854:Free Union
852:(English:
842:democratic
838:federalist
808:system of
755:Ivan Bilyk
667:Kievlyanin
649:aided the
645:targeting
613:Ukrainians
541:separatism
402:journalism
232:Radicalism
142:Occupation
77:1841-09-18
37:Drahomanov
25:patronymic
2687:918591356
2639:724265856
2605:(2014) .
2595:499306441
2450:461195833
2419:461195833
2388:461195833
1579:. In the
1573:far-right
1483:moderates
1391:autocracy
1373:had been
1308:anarchism
1241:socialism
1233:syncretic
1221:dogmatism
1215:and as a
926:nihilists
601:socialism
306:Biography
299:socialist
295:Ukrainian
287:Ukrainian
265:Relatives
170:Ukrainian
156:Ukrainian
146:Historian
29:Petrovych
2809:Radicals
2665:Edmonton
2617:Edmonton
2561:(1993).
2442:New York
2411:New York
2380:New York
2064:Bulgarka
1542:autonomy
1520:and the
1413:or even
1371:Jacobins
1143:Journals
1034:Articles
930:Bulgaria
723:Ems Ukaz
703:Ems Ukaz
489:folklore
481:Tiberius
471:for the
457:reaction
276:(sister)
255:Children
222:politics
152:Language
126:Bulgaria
2573:Toronto
2434:(ed.).
2403:(ed.).
2372:(ed.).
1564:into a
1463:Galicia
1292:anarchy
1280:liberty
1268:dignity
1264:freedom
1207:In his
1155:Hromada
928:" from
894:Hromada
885:Hromada
822:Okhrana
805:Zemstvo
747:Hromada
727:Hromada
653:of the
617:Galicia
593:Lusatia
581:Germany
576:Tacitus
520:, with
509:Hromada
459:to the
422:history
358:of the
335:of the
329:Hadiach
271:(niece)
218:culture
210:Subject
160:Russian
105:Ukraine
84:Hadiach
2685:
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2637:
2627:
2593:
2583:
2470:
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2386:
2345:11 May
2070:11 May
1425:Legacy
1251:; and
848:: the
743:Geneva
731:Vienna
574:about
479:about
477:thesis
465:Poland
238:Spouse
186:Period
23:, the
2715:audio
2430:. In
2399:. In
2368:. In
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1276:State
1189:]
1004:Works
934:Sofia
878:]
762:]
682:from
615:from
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445:Kaniv
379:]
364:serfs
352:]
249:]
196:Genre
122:Sofia
2694:2021
2683:OCLC
2673:ISBN
2646:2021
2635:OCLC
2625:ISBN
2591:OCLC
2581:ISBN
2541:2021
2521:2021
2501:2021
2481:2021
2468:ISBN
2446:OCLC
2415:OCLC
2384:OCLC
2347:2013
2072:2017
1544:and
1467:Lviv
1454:and
1349:and
1314:and
1298:and
1266:and
1255:and
1247:and
1239:and
980:and
869:and
840:and
779:and
753:and
688:Druh
629:Lviv
558:The
449:Kyiv
366:and
317:O.S.
220:and
112:Died
71:Born
1421:.
1381:to
741:In
463:in
443:to
323:of
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