Names of the Albanians and Albania

3318:, p. 551. "Možemo reći da svi na neki način pripadamo nekoj vrsti etničke kategorije, a često i više nego jednoj. Kao primjer navodim slučaj zadarskih Arbanasa. Da bismo shvatili Arbanase i problem njihova etnojezičnog (etničkog i jezičnog) identiteta, potrebno je ići u povijest njihova doseljenja koje seže u početak 18. st., tj. točnije: razdoblje od prve seobe 1726., razdoblje druge seobe od 1733., pa sve do 1754. godine koja se smatra završnom godinom njihova doseljenja. Svi su se doselili iz tri sela s područja Skadarskog jezera - Briske, Šestana i Livara. Bježeći od Turaka, kuge i ostalih nevolja, generalni providur Nicola Erizzo II dozvolio im je da se nasele u područje današnjih Arbanasa i Zemunika. Jedan dio stanovništva u Zemuniku se asimilirao s ondašnjim stanovništvom zaboravivši svoj jezik. To su npr. današnji Prenđe, Šestani, Ćurkovići, Paleke itd. Drugi dio stanovništva je nastojao zadržati svoj etnički i jezični identitet tijekom ovih 280 godina. Dana 10. svibnja 2006. godine obilježena je 280. obljetnica njihova dolaska u predgrađe grada Zadra. Nije bilo lako, osobito u samom početku, jer nisu imali svoju crkvu, škole itd., pa je jedini način održavanja njihova identiteta i jezika bio usmenim putem. We can say that all in some way belong to a kind of ethnic category, and often more than one. As an example, I cite the case of Zadar Arbanasi. To understand the problem of the Albanians and their ethnolinguistic (ethnic and linguistic) identity, it is necessary to go into the history of their immigration that goes back to the beginning of the 18th century., etc more precisely: the period from the first migration of 1726, the period of the second migration of 1733, and until 1754, which is considered to be the final year of their immigration. All they moved from three villages from the area of Lake Scutari - Briska, Šestan and Livara. Fleeing from the Ottomans, plague and other troubles, the general provider Nicola Erizzo II allowed them to settle in the area of today's Arbanasa and Zemunik. One part of the population in Zemunik became assimilated with the local population, forgetting their language. These are for example, today's Prenda, Šestani, Ćurkovići, Paleke etc. The second part of the population tried to maintain their ethnic and linguistic identity during these 280 years. On May 10, 2006 marked the 280th anniversary of their arrival in the suburb of Zadar. It was not easy, especially in the beginning, because they did not have their own church, school, etc., and is the only way to maintain their identity and language was verbally." 3948:, pp. 32. "There is similar terminological confusion over the name for the inhabitants of the region. After 1945, in pursuit of a policy of national equality, the Communist Party designated the Albanian community as ‘Šiptari’ (Shqiptare, in Albanian), the term used by Albanians themselves to mark the ethnic identity of any member of the Albanian nation, whether living in Albania or elsewhere.… However, with the increased territorial autonomy of Kosovo in the late 1960s, the Albanian leadership requested that the term ‘Albanians’ be used instead—thus stressing national, rather than ethnic, self-identification of the Kosovar population. The term ‘Albanians’ was accepted and included in the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution. In the process, however, the Serbian version of the Albanian term for ethnic Albanians—‘Šiptari’—had acquired an openly pejorative flavor, implying cultural and racial inferiority. Nowadays, even though in the documents of post- socialist Serbia the term ‘Albanians’ is accepted as official, many state and opposition party leaders use the term ‘Šiptari’ indiscriminately in an effort to relegate the Kosovo Albanians to the status of one among many minority groups in Serbia. Thus the quarrel over the terms used to identify the region and its inhabitants has acquired a powerful emotional and political significance for both communities. 3972:—after all, as Bhabha ( 2004:95) reminds us "the stereotype an ambivalent mode of knowledge and power," a "contradictory mode of representation, as anxious as it is assertive" (2004:100). In particular, the stereotype declares Albanians to be utterly incapable of participating in political and social life as Macedonian nationals who are committed to respecting and upholding state laws, and the territorial integrity and national sovereignty of Macedonia. In this sense, they are allegedly intrinsically "inferior"—"stupid," "dirty," "smelly," "uncultured," "backward," and so on. By the same token, however, and in the context of an ethnic-chauvinist and masculinist ideology (which I discuss in the next section), the stereotype also declares Albanians to be aggressive and capable of violating the territorial integrity of the Macedonian state and the moral integrity of Macedonian women. In this sense then, the stereotype invests Albanians with an excessive, disorderly energy that cannot be regulated and, hence, is dangerous (also see Lambevski 1997; for an analysis of the production and transgression of stereotypes, see Neofotistos 2004). 3739:, p. 772. "In this case, however, Ottoman records contain useful information about the ethnicities of the leading actors in the story. In comparison with ‘Serbs’, who were not a meaningful category to the Ottoman state, its records refer to ‘Albanians’ more frequently than to many other cultural or linguistic groups. The term ‘Arnavud’ was used to denote persons who spoke one of the dialects of Albanian, came from mountainous country in the western Balkans (referred to as ‘Arnavudluk’, and including not only the area now forming the state of Albania but also neighbouring parts of Greece, Macedonia, Kosovo, and Montenegro), organized society on the strength of blood ties (family, clan, tribe), engaged predominantly in a mix of settled agriculture and livestock herding, and were notable fighters — a group, in short, difficult to control. Other peoples, such as Georgians, Ahkhaz, Circassians, Tatars, Kurds, and Bedouin Arabs who were frequently identified by their ethnicity, shared similar cultural traits." 3547:, p. 32. "It is not too widely known that a majority of villages in the Athens area of Greece are inhabited by people of Albanian rather than Greek ethnic origin. These people are not recent immigrants, but the descendants of Albanians who entered the country at various times, for the most part between the 11th and 15th centuries. These Greek Albanians long retained a clearly separate ethnic identity, apparently, but gradually this identity has been eroded. Today they refer to themselves not as Albanians but as Arvanites, and call the language they speak not Albanian but Arvanitika. They are also very concerned to explain to outsiders that they are not only Arvanites but Greeks as well (see Trudgill and Tzavaras, forthcoming). The result of this development is that the main, perhaps only identifying characteristic of the Greek Albanians is now their language." 3632:, to refer to Epirus. "Albania consists of two toparchies or kingdoms, one of Epirus and one of Illyricon", the writer continues. With this revision he places the river Aoos as a border between Epirus and Illyricon - Ano Arvanitia (upper Arvanitia), a notion which his student Kosmas the Thesprotian also adopts to define Albania. "Albania to the west is bordered by the Adriatic Sea, to the east by the western parts of Macedonia, to the north by Bosnan, Dalmatia and Montenegro and to the south by Epirus, from which it is divided by the river Viosa or Vousa". In these descriptions it is obvious that Avlona is also included inside the borders of Epirus, although the ancient treatise clearly places it in Macedonia (Ptolemy). A few years later, at the time of the Greek revolution, Psalidas refutes, for obvious reasons, the term 3616:, pp. 320–322. "During the period of the Ottoman domination the geographic entity of Epirus was a matter of great study for the scholars and the geographers of the time. The way the subject was dealt with was mainly a matter of the ideological perspective of each scholar and of his academic and cultural background, a factor that differentiates both them and the definitions that each one gives. It can be observed that scholars who were influenced by the Ancient Greeks favoured an approach based on Ptolemy's theory that the boundaries of Epirus are the Akrokeravnia mountain range, while those inclined to Byzantine opinions added areas of what was once New Epirus such as Avlona and Dyrrachio. All of them, though, were obliged to determine the differences between the ancient term of Epirus and the new term 3208:, p. 198. "Among Greeks, the term "Alvanitis"—or "Arvanitis"—means a Christian of Albanian ancestry, one who speaks both Greek and Albanian, but possesses Greek "consciousness." Numerous "Arvanites" live in Greece today, although the ability to speak both languages is shrinking as the differences (due to technology and information access and vastly different economic bases) between Greece and Albania increase. The Greek communities of Elefsis, Marousi, Koropi, Keratea, and Markopoulo (all in the Attikan peninsula) once held significant Arvanite communities. "Arvanitis" is not necessarily a pejorative term; a recent Pan Hellenic socialist foreign minister spoke both Albanian and Greek (but not English). A former Greek foreign minister, Theodoros Pangalos, was an "Arvanite" from Elefsis." 3809:, pp. 233. "And a further complication is introduced by the term "Arnaut", which could he used as a synonym for "Albanian", hut tended to suggest those Albanians (in the ethnic-linguistic sense) who acted as soldiers for the Ottomans — though these, it should be noted, included Catholic Albanians as well as Muslim ones. (When early reports refer to the local Ottoman forces, such as the force led by Mahmut Begolli , pasha of Peja, they usually state that they consisted largely of Arnauts. Those Serb historians who claim that the terms Arnaut and Albanian did not mean ethnic Albanians, when applied to the supporters of Piccolomini, seem to have no difficulty in accepting that they did have that meaning, when applied to those fighting against him.)" 1954: 1426: 3888:, p. 42. "In the eighty odd years during which Naples employed light infantry from the Balkans, the troops of the regiment and its successors were known popularly under three names... the seemingly national names of Greci, Albanesi, and Macedoni. These names did not, however, have their later ethnic connotations but were instead stylized terms that described the soldiers’ general origins or mode of fighting... The term Albanesi was used because that nation had achieved fame for its style of fighting as mercenaries of the Ottoman Empire. Muslim Albanians had become a mainstay of the sultan’s armies and were given the nickname "the Swiss of the Near East” by Europeans." 3684:) was one of the relatively few ethnic markers regularly added to the usual religious (Muslim-Zimmi) tags used to identify people in state records. These records show that the magnitude of banditry involving Albanians grew through the 1770s and 1780s to reach crisis proportions in the 1790s and 1800s."; p.107. "In light of the recent violent troubles in Kosovo and Macedonia and the strong emotions tied to them, readers are urged most emphatically not to draw either of two unwarranted conclusions from this article: that Albanians are somehow inherently inclined to banditry, or that the extent of Ottoman "Albania" or 1647: 1745: 529: 39: 3530:. This latter term, which apparently came into use in the 15th century and is derived from an adverb meaning ‘ clearly,’ is used by the Çams as well as in the villages near Florina, Konitsa, in Thrace and, we can add, in Mandres near Kilkis (an enclave that arrived from Mandrica in what is now Bulgaria as a result of the Balkan Wars, although the dialect is now moribund or dead ). From a strictly dialectological point of view, what we can call Arvanitika proper ( 2092: 3724:"Malcolm, Noel. "Kosovo, a short history". London: Macmillan, 1998, p.29 "The name used in all these references is, allowing for linguistic variations, the same: 'Albanenses' or 'Arbanenses' in Latin, 'Albanoi' or 'Arbanitai' in Byzantine Greek. (The last of these, with an internal switching of consonants, gave rise to the Turkish form 'Arnavud', from which 'Arnaut' was later derived.)" 3628:, (former Illyricon and Epirus) is bordered to the east by the lower parts of Macedonia and Thessaly, to the north by Bosnan and Serbia, to the west by the Ionian Sea and to the south by the Gulf of Amvrakia", a perception without any ethnological basis which reflects the literature of the period. The writer uses the word Albania, the scholars’ way of expressing the older Greek term 3663:) in western Macedonia. All the rest of the geographical or ethnological approaches of the 18th and 19th century are theoretical texts that duplicate more or less the views mentioned above. It can be said that in general there is a tendency to identify the political transformations that occur over time with the determination of geographical boundaries and names." 3225:, p. 71. "emri etnik a nacional e shqiptarëve, përkundër trajtës së drejtë sllave Albanci, tash del të shqiptohet si Šiptari e Šipci me një konotacion përbuzës negativ, ashtu siç është përdorur në krye të herës te serbët edhe në kohën e Jugosllavisë së Vjetër bashkë dhe me formën Šiftari e Arnauti me po të njëtat konotacione pejorative. " 3430:"Their traditional designation, based on a root *alban- and its rhotacized variants *arban-, *albar-, and *arbar-, appears from the eleventh century onwards in Byzantine chronicles (Albanoi, Arbanitai, Arbanites), and from the fourteenth century onwards in Latin and other Western documents (Albanenses, Arbanenses)." 2509:. The change happened after the Ottoman conquest because of the conflict in the whole line of the political, social, economic, religious, and cultural spheres with a totally alien world of the Oriental type. A new and more generalised ethnic and linguistic consciousness of all these people responded to this." 1885:(Арнаути) has also been borrowed into Balkan south Slavic languages like Bulgarian and within Serbian the word has also acquired pejorative connotations regarding Albanians. During the Ottoman era, the name was used for ethnic Albanians regardless of their religious affiliations, just like it is today. 3163:, p. 12. "у наведеном цитату привлачи пажњу чињеница, да је Стефан Немања запосео ,,од Рабна оба Пилота’’. Назив ,,Рабна’’ или ,,Рабан’’, као што је већ у исторнографији истакнуто, изведен је метатезом од именнце ,,Арбаном’’ или ,,Арбанум’’, за које знају грчки и латински извори ис XI и XII века. 2624:

Elsie 2010, "Flag, Albanian", p. 140: "The eagle was a common heraldic symbol for many Albanian dynasties in the Late Middle Ages and came to be a symbol of the Albanians in general. It is also said to have been the flag of Skanderbeg...As a symbol of modern Albania, the flag began to be seen during

2558:

of the present-day Italo-Albanians (numbering about 100,000) in southern Italy and Sicily, whose ancestors, in the wake of the Ottoman wars, emigrated from their homeland in the 14th century. These self-ethnonyms perhaps influenced the Byzantine Greek Arvanites for ‘Albanians,’ which was followed by

3534:

in Botsi's terms) represents the southernmost extension of the Albanian dialect continuum with a consistent and gradual development of isoglosses. Arbëresh, on the other hand, shows a diversity of Tosk dialects, the ancestors of whose speakers must have come from all along the western part of the

3504:

lndo-European language Albanian is directly descended from, it is as much the descendent of a single language as Greek or French. The claim that Greek and Latin are "at the origin of Albanian polygensis" (48) is mistaken. To be sure, Albanian was heavily influenced by Latin (much less by Greek,

3401:

Malcolm, Noel. "Kosovo, a short history". London: Macmillan, 1998, p. 29 "The name used in all these references is, allowing for linguistic variations, the same: 'Albanenses' or 'Arbanenses' in Latin, 'Albanoi' or 'Arbanitai' in Byzantine Greek. (The last of these, with an internal switching of

3043:

Malcolm, Noel. "Kosovo, a short history". London: Macmillan, 1998, p.29 "The name used in all these references is, allowing for linguistic variations, the same: 'Albanenses' or 'Arbanenses' in Latin, 'Albanoi' or 'Arbanitai' in Byzantine Greek. (The last of these, with an internal switching of

1422:, in the 11th century. In later Byzantine usage, the terms "Arbanitai" and "Albanoi" with a range of variants were used interchangeably, while sometimes the same groups were also called by the classicising name Illyrians. The first reference to the Albanian language dates to the year 1285. 3641:

which constitutes the western part of Macedonia, and the Old Epirus. The two regions are divided by the river Kelidno, which the writer identifies as a river in the area of Liapouria. We observe that this opinion coincides with Ptolemy’s scheme (Γ′, 12, 4.) to which the latest term,

3358:

coined for an Albanian speaker independently of religion and citizenship survives until today in Epirus (see Lambros Baltsiotis and Léonidas Embirikos, "De la formation d’un ethnonyme. Le terme Arvanitis et son evolution dans l’État hellénique", in G. Grivaud-S. Petmezas (eds.),

2879:, p. 2. "Albanian is an Indo-European language, but like modern Greek and Armenian, it does not have any other closely related living language. Within the Indo-European family, it forms a group of its own. In Albanian, the language is called shqip. Albania is called 2895:, which is still the name used for the language in Italy and Greece. The Greeks refer to all the varieties of Albanian spoken in Greece as Arvanitika. In the second century AD, Ptolemy, the Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer and geographer, used the name 3451:, p. 230. "The term "Arvanite" is the medieval equivalent of "Albanian." it is retained today for the descendants of the Albanian tribes that migrated to the Greek lands during a period covering two centuries, from the thirteenth to the fifteenth." 1183:

speakers between the late 17th and early 18th centuries. That era brought about religious and other sociopolitical changes. As such a new and generalised response by Albanians based on ethnic and linguistic consciousness to this new and different

3654:

in which he includes the lands between Hemmara and Dirrachio. In "Modern Geography", the Dimitries restore the boundary to Akrokeravnia mountain, which was the ancient Greeks line of demarcation for the lands of the area. They place the

3624:, the area of which was similarly disputed. We will confine ourselves to the references of a few scholars of the period of Ottoman domination, particularly those that belong chronologically near the era we are studying. For A. Psalida, " 3535:

Northern Tosk-Lab-Çam-Arvanitika continuum (Eric Hamp, p.c.). While Arvanitika proper broke off directly from southern cam, the non-cam dialects of Epirus., Macedonia and Thrace are all the results of later northern Tosk migrations."

1712:(Αρβανίτικα) is used within Greece for all varieties of the Albanian language spoken there, whereas within Western academia the term is used for the Albanian language spoken in Southern Greece. Alongside these ethnonyms the term 3521:

to cover all the Albanian-speakers of Greece no doubt reflects popular Greek usage, but in the North American academic community, this label is restricted to those dialects of Greece for which the term of self-ascription is

2977:

Malcolm 1998, p. 29. "Nor is there any mystery about the origin of this name. In the second century Ptolemy referred to a tribe called the 'Albanoi', and located their town, 'Albanopolis', somewhere to the east of

1846:(the Albanian people) for the ethnic group, along with the terms Ghegs and Tosks for northern and southern Albanian ethno-cultural subgroups. At the same time Albanian regions within the empire were referred to as 2625:

the years of the national awakening and was in common use during the uprisings of 1909-1912. It was this flag that Ismail Qemal bey Vlora raised in Vlora on 28 November 1912 in proclaiming Albanian independence."

3148:, p. 19. "Die Albaner hatten im Verlauf des Mittelalters keinen eigenen Staat, doch besaßen sie ein kompaktes, mit einem Ethnonym versehenes Mutterland (Arbanon, Arbanum, Raban, Regnum Albaniae, Albania). " 3636:

and comments: "Epirus is wrongly referred to as Arvanitia, since no one there knows how to speak Arvanitika (Albanian)". The Bishop of Athens, Meletios, in the old and new Geography (1728) defines two terms,

3688:(which included parts of present-day northern Greece, western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, Kosovo, and southern Serbia) gives any historical "justification" for the creation of a "Greater Albania" today." 1666:(Αρβανίτες); is a term that was historically used amongst the wider Greek-speaking population to describe an Albanian speaker regardless of their religious affiliations until the interwar period, along with 1838:(آرناوودلق) for areas such as Albania, Western Macedonia, Southern Serbia, Kosovo, parts of northern Greece and southern Montenegro. During the late Ottoman period, government officials used the terms 3327:

Mirdita, Zef (1969). "Iliri i etnogeneza Albanaca". Iz istorije Albanaca. Zbornik predavanja. Priručnik za nastavnike. Beograd: Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika Socijalističke Republike Srbije. pp. 13–14.

2453:-, denoting the inhabitants of the plains (ÇABEJ 1976). The name passed over the boundaries of the Illyrian tribe in central Albania, and was generalised for all the Albanians. They called themselves 1830:

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries due to socio-political disturbances by some Albanians in the Balkans the term was used as an ethnic marker for Albanians in addition to the usual

2141:

with both terms carrying the meaning of "to speak clearly, to understand". While the Albanian public favours the explanation that the self-ethnonym is derived from the Albanian word for eagle

2642:

History records that the 15th century Albanian national hero, Skanderbeg (i.e. George Kastriota), had raised the red flag with the black eagle over his ancestral home, the Fortress of Kruje

4947: 2575:). It is clear that scholars and Albanians themselves agree that they do not agree on any single etymology of the ethnonym ‘Albanian.’ A similar predicament is faced by the self-ethnonym 4989: 1689:

in medieval Byzantine sources, originally as "Arbanitai", (in Greek language the letter 'b' is pronounced as 'v'; hence "Arvanitai") and was rendered in modern Greek as "Arvanites".

1626:

is still used as an exonym for a small Albanian community in Croatia on the Dalmatian coast that migrated there during the 18th century. In modern South Slavic languages the term is

3960:, pp. 288. "Because of their allegedly rampant aggression and concerted attempts to destroy national integrity, Albanians in Macedonia are stigmatized with the pejorative term 1620:, in which Arbanasi (Albanians) are mentioned as being half-believers (i.e. non-Orthodox Christians). The term was in use amongst South Slavs until the mid 20th century. The name 3496:, pp. 218–219. "Botsi's chapter on Arvanitika also gives much useful information but contains some unfortunate errors. The northern dialect of Albanian is Geg, not Gjeg (47 1937:

that indicated their general origins (without implying ethnic connotations) or fighting style, due to the reputation Albanians held of serving as mercenaries in Ottoman armies.

1926:) was used in the 15th and 16th centuries for those Albanians and their descendants who had received Venetian citizenship and lived in Venetian territories in northern Italy. 3500:), and the formulation "... Albanian does not constitute the direct descendent of an Indo-European language ..." is flat out wrong. While it is true that we are not certain 2326:, p. 29. "Linguists believe that the ‘Alb-’ element comes from the Indo-European word for a type of mountainous terrain, from which the word ‘Alps’ is also derived." 3113: 2546:

in the mid-16th century (for the first time it was recorded in 1555 by the Catholic Gheg, Gjon Buzuku, in his missal), North Albanians (Ghegs) referred to themselves as

1059:) was used in medieval Greek and Latin documents that gradually entered European languages from which other similar derivative names emerged. Linguists believe that the 4332:

Guzina, Dejan (2003). "Kosovo or Kosova – Could it be both? The Case of Interlocking Serbian and Albanian Nationalisms". In Bieber, Florian; Daskalovski, Židas (eds.).

3864:"Albanése, -i {comune nel Sud, raro altrove}: dall'etnico Albanése o, nel Sud, 'appartenente alle colonie albanesi' (in Abruzzo, Puglie, Campania, Calabria e Sicilia)." 1716:(Αρβανιτιά) for the country has also been used by Greek society in folklore, sayings, riddles, dances and toponyms. For example, some Greek writers used the term 3350:) was the term used by Greek speakers to describe an Albanian speaker regardless of his/hers religious background. In official language of that time the term 3384:, p. 90. "Der ursprüngliche Name Άλβανίτης (abgeleitet von Άλβάνος) wurde im Neugriechischen zu Άρβανίτης… In türkischer Vermittlung erfuhr die Silbe - 1877:

language as an exonym for Albanian communities that settled in the Levant during the Ottoman era onward, especially for those residing in Syria. The term

3392:-, so dass die türkische Form des Namens für die Albaner arnavut bzw. arnaut Lautet. In dieser Form gelangte das Wort ins Bulgarische (BER I/1971: 15). " 3505:

especially in the north), but the core grammar and vocabulary represent a distinct and different branch of Indo-European. The primary shape of the root

1700:

that migrated to southern Greece during the medieval era and who currently self identify as Greeks, as a result of assimilation. Sometimes its variant

2899:

to refer to an Illyrian tribe that used to live in what is now central Albania. During the Middle Ages the population of that area was referred to as

4633: 3680:, pp. 88. "This Albanian participation in brigandage is easier to track than for many other social groups in Ottoman lands, because Albanian ( 1869:

has also been used for instance by some Western Europeans as a synonym for Albanians that were employed as soldiers in the Ottoman army. The term

882: 3968:(plural) as an ethic Other. Especially important for the purposes of this paper, as I show below, is the ambivalent character of the stereotype 2730: 1452:. In medieval Serbian sources, the ethnonym for the country derived from the Latin term after undergoing linguistic metathesis was rendered as 3999: 2059:

wrote: “Se le nostre cronache non mentono, noi ci chiamiamo Epiroti” ("If our chronicles don't lie, we call ourselves Epiroti"). Published in

1616:

was also used by Romanians for Albanians. They first appear with this ethnonym in a Bulgarian manuscript dated 1000–1018, during the reign of

4910:"Die Namen für das Gänseblümchen Bellis perennis im Bulgarischen und seinen Nachbarsprachen–Etymologische und benennungstheoretische Aspekte" 1010: 2775:; i.e. . p.536. Among the neighbouring peoples and elsewhere the denomination of the Albanians is based upon the root arb/alb, cp. Greek 4153:

Wir sind die Deinen: Studien zur albanischen Sprache, Literatur und Kulturgeschichte, dem Gedenken an Martin Camaj (1925-1992) gewidmet

2156:

are attested from 14th century onward, but it was only at the end of 17th and beginning of the early 18th centuries that the placename

1239:

dialects) are the old native terms denoting ancient and medieval Albanians used by Albanians. The Albanian language was referred to as

796: 3833:, p. 347. "зову Арнаут, Арнаутка, па од тог назива доцније им потомци прозову се Арнаутовићи. Арнаучићи зли, пакосни и убојити." 907: 4673:

Konservacione dhe inovacione gjuhësore në fushë të shqipes [Conservation and innovations in the field of Albanian language]

4260: 3755:... included parts of present-day northern Greece, western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, Kosovo, and southern Serbia"; see also 2477:. In the foreign languages, the Middle Ages denominations of these names survived, but for the Albanians they were substituted by 1372:

Terms derived from all those endonyms as exonyms appear in Byzantine sources from the eleventh century onward and are rendered as

4283:

The History of Greece: From Its Conquest by the Crusaders to Its Conquest by the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond: 1204-1461

606: 4859: 1124:. Two etymologies have been proposed for this ethnonym: one, derived the name from the Albanian word for eagle (shqiponjë). The 3121: 1834:

religious terminology to identify people in Ottoman state records. While the term used in Ottoman sources for the country was

4957: 4705: 4420:

The Ottoman Empire, the Balkans, the Greek lands: Toward a social and economic history: Studies in honor of John C. Alexander

2663: 762: 490: 4397: 4727: 4219:"Zur Ethnogenese auf dem Gebeit des ehemaligen Jugoslawen [Ethnogenesis on the territory of former Yugoslavia]" 3424: 3022:- gebildet sind und die alte Selbstbenennung der Albaner enthalten. Der Bewohner von Labëri wird auch jetzt lab, best. 601: 586: 581: 4681:

Myderrizi, Osman (1965). "Emri i vjetër kombëtar i Shqipërisë në tekstet e vjetra shqip me alfabetet latin dhe arab".

4601: 5009: 4978: 4890: 4871: 4845: 4818: 4770:

Neofotistos, Vasiliki P. (2010b). "Postsocialism, Social Value, and Identity Politics among Albanians in Macedonia".

4646: 4622: 4590: 4567: 4543: 4516: 4493: 4472: 4449: 4428: 4407: 4386: 4364: 4341: 4322: 4293:"Evangelia Adamou (ed.) Le Patrimonie plurilingue de la Grèce. (Le nom des langues II): Review by Victor A. Friedman" 4270: 4249: 4230: 4183: 4160: 4024: 3857: 3472: 2052: 925: 872: 857: 837: 827: 785: 707: 4925:

Trudgill, Peter (1977). "Creolization in reverse: reduction and simplification in the Albanian dialects of Greece".

4460: 2611:) for ‘to speak clearly, to understand.’ The Albanian public favors the belief that their self-ethnonym stems from 1003: 877: 644: 4218: 2373:. These terms came into use between the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries. Foreigners call them 5019: 4909: 3183:), у којој је био и овај арбанашки Београд "; p.744. "Наши облици Рабан и рабански постали су без сумње од лат. 1271:

by Albanians. These terms as an endonym and as native toponyms for the country are based on the same common root

1163:

would originally have been a term connoting "those who speak ". Attested from 14th century onward, the placename

192: 4012: 4695: 4084:"The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece: The grounds for the expulsion of a "non-existent" minority community" 802: 417: 412: 228: 197: 1116:

Contemporary Albanian language employs a different ethnonym, with modern Albanians referring to themselves as

4808: 4635:

Elevating and Safeguarding Culture Using Tools of the Information Society: Dusty traces of the Muslim culture

4312: 2751:, pp. 534. "The ethnic name shqiptar has always been discussed together with the ethnic complex: (tosk) 694: 596: 4131: 1953: 3509:- in deriving the various forms of the relevant name is not clearly presented and the forms Shqipëria (Geg 3266:, and it was under this name that the ancestors of the modern Albanians first appeared in the Middle Ages." 986: 887: 790: 95: 4557: 4292: 2497:, "the Germans" and "the German language" (Lloshi 1984) Shqip spread out from the north to the south, and 1160: 528: 4671: 1914:. Among people who have the surname it is common in southern Italy and rare elsewhere in the country. In 996: 822: 702: 508: 348: 304: 4652: 4968: 2188:

by some Western European authors in use from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. The term

930: 862: 563: 558: 162: 4439: 2493:, meaning "clearly, intelligibly". There is a very close semantic parallel to this in the German noun 2008:) were preferred in the intellectual, literary and clerical circles of the time, used as synonyms for 3847: 3699: 2681: 1468:, names for Albanians were also derived in other languages that were or still are in use. In English 812: 263: 4810:

On the border: Transborder mobility, ethnic groups and boundaries along the Albanian-Greek frontier

4418: 1708:

is still used for an Albanian speaker regardless of their citizenship and religion. While the term

1276: 1078: 902: 897: 712: 177: 22: 2044:. Subsequently, this linguistic-historical ethnic association was faithfully followed also by the 1755: 4739:"Cultural Intimacy and Subversive Disorder: The Politics of Romance in the Republic of Macedonia" 2217: 2049: 1831: 1322: 1203: 1064: 959: 892: 867: 807: 752: 742: 737: 722: 717: 649: 639: 611: 591: 543: 483: 464: 402: 234: 90: 1425: 4535: 4171: 1509: 1244: 1098: 817: 407: 122: 4837: 4578: 4483: 3462: 3175:, p. 729. "За време стварања српске државе Стефаном, сином Немањам, око 1215 год, област 852: 3402:

consonants, gave rise to the Turkish form 'Arnavud', from which 'Arnaut' was later derived.)"

3044:

consonants, gave rise to the Turkish form 'Arnavud', from which 'Arnaut' was later derived.)"

2237: 2048:

intellectuals and Catholic clerics during the Middle Ages. On a letter sent to the Prince of

1528: 1429: 969: 375: 309: 219: 127: 85: 4612: 3439:

2006, Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason; "Encyclopedia of European Peoples" - Volume 2 - Page 38

842: 3235: 2099: 1977: 422: 380: 259: 187: 157: 147: 142: 132: 75: 3303: 3006:, p. 122. "Die besondere ethnische Stellung der Labëri tritt auch in den Benennungen 365: 8: 2222: 1793:

being the name of the Albanian language. These ethnonyms are derived from the Greek term

1199: 1137: 832: 780: 370: 284: 182: 172: 152: 112: 100: 4281: 5014: 4938: 4795: 4787: 4758: 4528: 4353: 4070: 4062: 2851:(Musliu — Dauti 1996) etj. For the various forms and uses of this or that variant see, 2724: 2579:. The most popular scholarly explanation is that it was formed by analogy to ‘Slavs’ (* 2232: 2181: 2118: 1915: 1550: 1397: 964: 689: 517: 476: 459: 446: 167: 137: 117: 4860:"The Balkan Foreign Legions in Eighteenth Century Italy: The Reggimento Real Macedone" 747: 616: 4974: 4953: 4896: 4886: 4867: 4841: 4830: 4814: 4799: 4762: 4701: 4642: 4618: 4586: 4563: 4539: 4512: 4489: 4468: 4445: 4424: 4403: 4382: 4360: 4337: 4318: 4266: 4245: 4226: 4179: 4156: 4135: 4074: 4020: 3853: 3468: 3420: 2711: 2659: 2173: 2068: 1934: 1325:

word for a type of mountainous topography, meaning "hill, mountain", also present in

1256: 1180: 1067:

term for a type of mountainous topography, meaning "hill, mountain", also present in

1028: 727: 659: 654: 331: 299: 269: 1646: 4934: 4779: 4750: 4112: 4054: 1969: 1933:

was used for some Balkan troops recruited (mid 18th - early 19th centuries) by the

1778: 1129: 757: 679: 621: 429: 353: 343: 239: 212: 4987: 4058: 3275: 2204:; Albanians consider this derogatory due to its negative connotations, preferring 49: 4504: 4207: 4148: 3419:, Historical Dictionaries of Europe, vol. 75 (2 ed.), Scarecrow Press, 2635: 2303:), and from the fourteenth century onwards in Latin and other Western documents ( 1907: 1789:; are ethnonyms used mainly by Ottoman and contemporary Turks for Albanians with 1744: 1725: 1622: 1564: 1434: 669: 664: 314: 244: 2133:

used by Albanians to name their country. All terms share the same Albanian root

2815:

etc. This basis is in use among the Arbëreshs of Italy and Greece as well; cp.

2200:(Шифтари) is a derivation used by Balkan Slavic peoples and former states like 1911: 1671: 1302: 1185: 732: 684: 674: 289: 254: 249: 4783: 4738: 4040:"The Ottoman Empire in Recent International Politics - II: The Case of Kosovo" 4039: 2591:(‘to speak clearly.’) The last explanation semantically contrasts with Slavic 1910:

meaning "Albanian", in reference to the Arbëreshë people (Italo-Albanians) of

395: 5003: 4900: 2242: 1961: 1141: 1132:

and came to be a symbol of the Albanians in general, for example the flag of

974: 360: 338: 294: 4832:

Islam in the Balkans: religion and society between Europe and the Arab world

4314:

The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913

1152: 4139: 3412: 2064: 1704:

may be used instead. In the region of Epirus within Greece today, the term

1405: 954: 224: 4223:

Der Jugoslawien-Krieg: Handbuch zu Vorgeschichte, Verlauf und Konsequenzen

3751:, p. 41. "Anscombe (ibid., 107 n. 3) notes that Ottoman "Albania" or 2864:"Ethnic Groups of Europe: An Encyclopedia" Jeffrey E. Cole - 2011, Page 15 1960:("History of the life and deeds of Scanderbeg, Prince of the Epirots") by 38: 3262:, p. 34. "The Vlachs call the Albanian-speaking Orthodox Christians 2441:, noted by the astronomer of Alexandria, Ptolemy, in the 2nd century AD. 1617: 1597: 1581: 1366: 1321:

part in the root word for all these terms is believed by linguists be an

1310: 4791: 4465:

Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity

4101:"Arbanasi i etnojezični identitet Arbanasi and ethnolinguistic identity" 4066: 4754: 3997: 3556: 2201: 2056: 1585: 1540: 1133: 439: 274: 4881:

Pritsak, Omeljan (1991). "Albanians". In Kazhdan, Alexander P. (ed.).

4149:"Shqiptar–The generalization of this ethnic name in the XVIII century" 2291:-, appears from the eleventh century onwards in Byzantine chronicles ( 1523:

is still used as an endonym and exonym for Albanians that migrated to

1349: 4117: 4030: 2045: 1858:(Toskland) were also used in government documents. In modern Turkish 1795: 1662: 1650: 1641: 1593: 1393: 1024: 847: 553: 80: 30: 4711: 3290:и арбанашки и све остале од исте основе изведене речи постала су од 1144:. The other within scholarship connects it to the verb 'pronounce' ( 2542:, p. 241. "Prior to the emergence of the modern self-ethnonym 2130: 2086: 1973: 1948: 1902: 1896: 1675: 1577: 1465: 1048: 4485:

Dismembering the state: The death of Yugoslavia and why it matters

4461:"Hellenism and the making of Modern Greece: Time, Language, Space" 4100: 1314: 4379:

The politics of language and nationalism in modern Central Europe

3069: 2275:, pp. 3–4. "Their traditional designation, based on a root * 2227: 2103: 2091: 1532: 1448: 1410: 1306: 1297: 1156: 1044: 1036: 935: 548: 434: 62: 3116:

The earliest reference to the existence of the Albanian Language

1128:

was a common heraldic symbol for many Albanian dynasties in the

4193:

Demiraj, Bardhyl (2012). "La Maledizione dell'Epirota (1483)".

2687: 2501:

is probably a collective noun, following the common pattern of

1874: 1739: 1721: 1536: 279: 69: 4083: 2713:

A Grammatical Sketch of Albanian for Students of Indo European

2595:(‘mute,’‘stammering,’‘babbling’), and Greek ‘barbarian’ (from 1612:(Арбанашки) are adjectives derived from those terms. The term 3849:

Dizionario etimologico-semantico dei cognomi italiani (DESCI)

3306:, "1000 — 1018 Anonymous: Fragment on the Origins of Nations" 1993: 1750: 1589: 1524: 1149: 1125: 1052: 4862:. In Banac, Ivo; Ackerman, John G.; Szporluk, Roman (eds.). 4583:

Albanische Geschichte: Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung

4467:. Aldershot: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 201–236. 3034:

zeigt die für das Slawische typische metatheseerscheinung. "

1958:

Historia de vita et gestis Scanderbegi, Epirotarum principis

4988:

Zbornik za Istocnjacku Istorisku i Knjizevnu Gradu (1940).

4697:

Venezia e Albania: una storia di incontri e secolari legami

2060: 1343:; Albanian sub-group and geographic/ethnographic region of 1327: 1236: 1220: 1069: 3891: 1696:

is used by Greeks to refer to descendants of Albanians or

1313:, located in modern-day central Albania, near the city of 4864:

Nation and Ideology: Essays in Honor of Wayne S. Vucinich

4511:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 272–299. 4155:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 533–565. 2691: 4836:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. p. 4530:

The wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their medieval origins

4019:. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 87–113. 3763:. 31.33, 39-40. For the Byzantine period. see Psimouli, 3156: 3154: 2887:. Until the fifteenth century the language was known as 2433:

respectively. All these words are derived from the name

3915: 3759:. s.v. "Arnawutluk. 6. History" (H. İnalcık) and Arsh, 3276:

Zbornik za Istocnjacku Istorisku i Knjizevnu Gradu 1940

3269: 2361:, p. 277. "The Albanians of today call themselves 4614:

Colloquial Albanian: The complete course for beginners

3903: 3650:, Meletios newly introduces the old-Byzantine term of 4994:. Zbornik za Istocnjacku Istorisku i Knjizevnu Gradu. 4579:"The Great migration of the Serbs from Kosovo (1690)" 3824: 3151: 3073:, Book IV, 7-8, Bonn 1836, p. 215‑221 and p. 293-294. 1043:) have been identified by many ethnonyms. The native 3927: 3867: 3304:

Robert Elsie Texts and Documents of Albanian History

2839:— Altimari 1994 (1992) 53 s.). (Italy) (Kr. ?) 2744: 2742: 2740: 2117:(in northern Albanian dialects) is the contemporary 1724:

for parts or all of contemporary Albania and modern

4970:

International congress of dialectologists. Issue 76

4729:

Zbornik za istočnjačku istorisku i književnu gradju

4205: 3841: 3839: 3830: 2923:

are all related to the older name of the language."

2855:, also Çabej SE II 6lss.; Demiraj 1999 175 ss. etj. 4829: 4527: 4352: 3550: 1353:in Albania are also endonyms formed from the root 4174:. In Ramat, Anna Giacalone; Ramat, Paolo (eds.). 3975: 3706: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3607: 2737: 2656:Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero 2145:that is displayed on the national Albanian flag. 5001: 3998:Albanian-Greek Philological Association (1999). 3836: 3559:. "Por edhe llojet e tjera folklorike, si p.sh. 3454: 2959: 2872: 2870: 4581:. In Schmitt, Oliver Jens; Frantz, Eva (eds.). 2615:(‘eagle’) found on the Albanian national flag." 2535: 1799:and entered Turkish after the syllable cluster 1685:(Άλβάνος). The name appears as the ethnonym of 1544: 1191: 1188:emerging around them was a change in ethnonym. 4525: 4395: 3951: 3732: 3730: 3712: 3666: 3487: 3335: 3333: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 1442:The country was known in Byzantine sources as 1357:. These are derived from the syllable cluster 4725: 3845: 3802: 3800: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3234:"The Indo-European Languages"; Mate Kapović, 3172: 3141: 3139: 2999: 2997: 2867: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 1004: 484: 4866:. East European Monographs. pp. 35–60. 4769: 4736: 4610: 4526:Madgearu, Alexandru; Gordon, Martin (2008). 4336:. London: Psychology Press. pp. 31–52. 3981: 3957: 3812: 3775: 3773: 3557:Albanian-Greek Philological Association 1999 3411: 3241: 3201: 3199: 3197: 2876: 2354: 2352: 1384:and in Latin and other Western documents as 4631: 3727: 3613: 3460: 3330: 3309: 3253: 3218: 3216: 3214: 2935: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2512: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2319: 2317: 1865:Historically as an exonym the Turkish term 4952:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 4081: 3846:Alinei, Mario; Benozzo, Francesco (2017). 3797: 3538: 3366: 3363:, Alexandreia, Athens, 2006, pp. 417-448." 3342:. footnote. 9. "Until the Interwar period 3339: 3136: 2994: 2947: 2729:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2259: 2063:in 1635 by the Albanian bishop and writer 1681:(Άλβανίτης), which in return derived from 1093:, the term in Albanian became rendered as 1011: 997: 491: 477: 4949:History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453 4806: 4680: 4507:. In Hinrichs, Uwe; Büttner, Uwe (eds.). 4437: 4376: 4359:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4116: 4037: 3770: 3742: 3736: 3442: 3259: 3247: 3194: 3166: 3026:genannt, eig. ‘der Albaner’. Der Wandel * 2709: 2653: 2539: 1392:. The first Byzantine writers to mention 1063:part in the root word originates from an 4945: 4927:Transactions of the Philological Society 4924: 4350: 4290: 4216: 4098: 4010: 3939: 3879: 3677: 3544: 3493: 3315: 3211: 3145: 3120:. Scribd.com. 2007-05-28. Archived from 3094: 2953: 2941: 2698: 2329: 2314: 2090: 1952: 1862:refers only to the Republic of Albania. 1743: 1670:(Αλβανοί). The name was established in 1645: 1424: 4966: 4907: 4880: 4576: 4555: 4416: 4310: 4192: 4178:. London: Routledge. pp. 480–501. 4169: 4146: 4004:Albanian-Greek Philological Association 3933: 3909: 3897: 3806: 3785: 3779: 3748: 3381: 3003: 2965: 2823:by the arbëreshs of Greece, as against 2748: 2559:similar ones in Bulgarian and Serbian ( 2323: 2121:used by Albanians for themselves while 1361:undergoing metathesis within Slavic to 5002: 4857: 4827: 4669: 4611:Mëniku, Linda; Campos, Héctor (2012). 4599: 4502: 4481: 4458: 4396:Kerslake, Celia; Göksel, Aslı (2014). 4331: 4279: 4125: 3945: 3921: 3885: 3818: 3464:Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities 3448: 3222: 3205: 3160: 3100: 2437:of an Illyrian tribe and their center 2358: 4693: 4444:. Thessaloniki: Zitros Publications. 4262:Arnavutluk Siyasetini Anlama Kılavuzu 4239: 3873: 3467:. Taylor & Francis. p. 138. 3405: 3014:, Arbëri hervor, die von der Wurzel * 2599:‘those who stammer, babble’). Hence, 2272: 1803:was rearranged through metathesis to 4509:Handbuch der Südosteuropa-Linguistik 4258: 4242:Albanian literature: A short history 3791: 3646:, is now added. As a subdivision of 2932:"Everyday Arberesh" Martin Di Maggio 2883:, and the Albanians call themselves 2672: 2640:. Flag Research Center. 1987-01-01. 1136:, whose family symbol was the black 4885:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4534:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 4441:The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora 4381:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 4225:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 14–27. 4088:European Journal of Turkish Studies 3091:N. Gregoras (ed. Bonn) V, 6; XI, 6. 1850:(Albania) and the geographic terms 1819:was derived from the original name 797:International Commission of Control 13: 4939:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1977.tb00350.x 4737:Neofotistos, Vasiliki P. (2010a). 4013:"Albanians and "mountain bandits"" 2587:(‘word’), and by extension, from * 1807:giving the final Turkish forms as 1728:in Greece until the 19th century. 1446:(Άρβανον) and in Latin sources as 14: 5031: 4603:Zbornik Matice Srpcke za Istoriju 3238:, Paolo Ramat; 2017, page 554-555 2489:. The primary root is the adverb 1731: 1460:(Рабан), while the adjective was 1309:with their centre at the city of 4828:Norris, Harry Thirlwall (1993). 4128:A history of Albanian literature 4047:The International History Review 4015:. In Anscombe, Frederick (ed.). 3417:Historical Dictionary of Albania 2075:("Latin-Epirotan dictionary"). 1251:). While the country was called 1155:. In this instance the Albanian 527: 37: 4946:Vasiliev, Alexander A. (1958). 4463:. In Zacharia, Katerina (ed.). 4334:Understanding the war in Kosovo 4099:Barančić, Maximilijana (2008). 3718: 3691: 3433: 3395: 3321: 3297: 3228: 3106: 3085: 3076: 3060: 3047: 3037: 2981: 2971: 2926: 2858: 2603:could be derived from Albanian 2583:), believed to be derived from 2279:- and its rhotacized variants * 2137:that is derived from the Latin 1815:. Meanwhile, in Greek the name 1720:alongside the older Greek term 838:Italian protectorate (southern) 4883:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 4585:. Muunich: Oldenbourg Verlag. 4209:Glasnik Srbskog učenog društva 4017:The Ottoman Balkans, 1750–1830 2787:"Arbëresh of Greece", Serbian 2647: 2628: 2618: 2550:, and South Albanians (Tosks) 2073:Dictionarium latino-epiroticum 2067:, the first dictionary of the 2032:, and later, respectively for 1519:(Албанци) and so on. The term 418:Albanian Greek-Catholic Church 1: 4399:Turkish: An Essential Grammar 4151:. In Demiraj, Bardhyl (ed.). 4105:Croatica et Slavica Iadertina 4059:10.1080/07075332.2006.9641103 4038:Anscombe, Frederick (2006b). 2907:. It is clear that the words 2248: 2180:is a historical rendering or 1873:(الأرناؤوط) also entered the 4914:Zeitschrift für Balkanologie 4858:Pappas, Nicholas C. (1981). 4807:Nitsiakos, Vassilis (2010). 4632:Mikropoulos, Tassos (2008). 4438:Koukoudis, Asterios (2003). 4206:Državnoj štampariji (1878). 4082:Baltsiotis, Lambros (2011). 4011:Anscombe, Frederick (2006). 3852:. PM edizioni. p. 124. 3703:. Retrieved 16 January 2016. 2253: 1633: 1553:for contemporary Albanians. 1527:during the Middle Ages, the 1369:in that form into Albanian. 1193:Arbënesh/Arbëresh (Albanian) 888:German occupation of Albania 7: 4488:. Lanham: Lexington Books. 4176:The Indo-European languages 3517:are misspelled. The use of 3354:was used instead. The term 2987:Ramadan Marmullaku - 1975, 2803:(Papahagi 1963 135), Turk. 2554:. Hence, the self-ethnonym 2393:(old Serbian), the country 2211: 2078: 2055:in 1460, the Albanian Lord 1888: 1556: 823:Republic of Central Albania 763:Declaration of Independence 10: 5036: 4967:Viereck, Wolfgang (1993). 4732:. Belgrade: Naučna knjiga. 4377:Kamusella, Tomasz (2009). 4351:Jelavich, Barbara (1983). 4221:. In Melčić, Dunja (ed.). 4132:8 Nëntori Publishing House 3990: 3713:Kerslake & Göksel 2014 3057:, Bonn 1853, p. 8, 18, 297 2084: 1946: 1737: 1639: 1562: 1543:still use a similar term, 1197: 931:1997 Albanian civil unrest 708:Revolts of 1833–1839 597:Angevin Kingdom of Albania 4784:10.1017/s003767790000989x 4743:Anthropological Quarterly 4482:Liotta, Peter H. (2001). 4291:Friedman, Victor (2009). 4147:Demiraj, Bardhyl (2010). 3187:на исти начин као што је 2989:Albania and the Albanians 2710:Matasović, Ranko (2019). 2682:Enciklopedija Jugoslavije 2654:Hodgkison, Harry (2005). 2176:speakers in the Balkans. 1940: 1235:(as rendered in southern 1219:(as rendered in northern 1051:. The name "Albanians" ( 713:Revolt of 1843–1844 50:Geographical distribution 5010:History of the Albanians 4908:Theißen, Ulrich (2007). 4852:Albanians Arnaout Syria. 4459:Liakos, Antonis (2012). 4423:. Istanbul: Isis Press. 4311:Gawrych, George (2006). 4170:Demiraj, Shaban (1998). 3831:Državnoj štampariji 1878 3579:na japin vetem trajtat 3082:Mazaris 1975, pp. 76–79. 2877:Mëniku & Campos 2012 2686:. Vol. Supplement. 1823:(in return derived from 1531:. It is also used as an 1414:), referring to them as 1396:in an ethnic sense are 1291:. The national ethnonym 1120:and to their country as 1073:. Through the root word 898:Second League of Prizren 4676:. Flaka e Vëllazërimit. 4559:Kosovo: A short history 4503:Lloshi, Xhevat (1999). 4417:Kolovos, Elias (2007). 4402:. New York: Routledge. 4280:Finlay, George (1851). 4244:. London: I.B. Tauris. 4217:Ćirković, Sima (2007). 3657:lower part of Arvanitia 3191:постало од лат. Arba… " 2658:. Bloomsbury Academic. 2218:Origin of the Albanians 2160:and the ethnic demonym 2098:, the newspaper of the 1972:, during the period of 1576:(Арбанаси); is the old 1545: 1464:(Rабански). From these 1248: 1204:Principality of Arbanon 1167:and the ethnic demonym 1110: 1102: 893:World War II in Albania 650:Islamization of Albania 640:Principality of Mirdita 602:Principality of Albania 592:Principality of Arbanon 544:Origin of the Albanians 465:Origin of the Albanians 5020:Country name etymology 4813:. Berlin: LIT Verlag. 4726:Naučna knjiga (1940). 4700:. Regione del Veneto. 4670:Murati, Qemal (1991). 4641:. Ioannina: Earthlab. 4577:Malcolm, Noel (2009). 4556:Malcolm, Noel (1998). 4355:History of the Balkans 4240:Elsie, Robert (2005). 4212:. Državnoj štampariji. 4201:(1). Palermo: 133–149. 3053:Michaelis Attaliotae: 2107: 1965: 1759: 1654: 1539:. Within the Balkans, 1510:South Slavic languages 1439: 1140:, as displayed on the 1032: 868:Principality (Regency) 818:World War I in Albania 786:Provisional Government 4694:Nadin, Lucia (2013). 4689:(1). Tirana: 159–172. 4617:. London: Routledge. 4562:. London: Macmillan. 4317:. London: IB Tauris. 4126:Bihiku, Koço (1980). 3388:- eine Metathese zu - 2719:. Zagreb. p. 39. 2445:could he a plural of 2369:, and their language 2096:Sqipetari – Albanezul 2094: 1956: 1777:(آرناوودلار): modern 1747: 1660:(Αρβανίτης), plural: 1649: 1596:, dating back to the 1428: 1105:) for the people and 1057:Albanenses/Arbanenses 413:Italo-Albanian Church 229:Traditional tattooing 4286:. London: Blackwood. 4259:Emin, Nedim (2014). 3461:Skutsch, C. (2013). 3361:Byzantina et Moderna 3236:Anna Giacalone Ramat 1978:European Renaissance 1535:by the Arvanites in 1488:(Αλβανίτης) plural: 1035:) and their country 858:Italian protectorate 4606:. Belgrade: Matica. 3984:, pp. 884–891. 3900:, pp. 132–133. 3532:Southern Arvanitika 2469:, and the language 2413:, and the language 2223:Albania (placename) 2196:(Шиптари) and also 2192:(Шиптар), plural: 2164:gradually replaced 2030:i arbënesh/arbëresh 1773:(آرناوود), plural: 1653:in the 19th century 1572:(Арбанас), plural: 1500:(Αλβανοί); Turkish 1200:Albania (placename) 1171:gradually replaced 1138:double-headed eagle 1113:) for the country. 936:Republic of Albania 883:Albania under Italy 853:Congress of Lushnjë 833:Republic of Mirdita 791:Congress of Trieste 781:Independent Albania 4755:10.1353/anq.0.0120 4265:. Istanbul: SETA. 3936:, pp. 534–535 3821:, pp. 209–210 3173:Naučna knjiga 1940 3124:on 7 February 2011 2694:. 1984. p. 1. 2571:), and Aromanian ( 2233:History of Albania 2108: 1966: 1881:(Арнаут), plural: 1760: 1749:Arnaut smoking in 1674:from the original 1655: 1551:Aromanian language 1496:(Αλβανός) plural: 1440: 1398:Michael Attaliates 843:Congress of Durrës 703:National Awakening 460:History of Albania 4973:. Franz Steiner. 4959:978-0-299-80926-3 4707:978-88-97784-35-7 4683:Studime Historike 4000:"Albanohellenica" 3982:Neofotistos 2010b 3958:Neofotistos 2010a 3924:, pp. 14–15. 3700:Osmanlıcayazılışı 2665:978-1-85043-941-7 2637:The Flag Bulletin 2127:Shqypnia/Shqipnia 2100:Albanian minority 2069:Albanian language 1935:Kingdom of Naples 1592:, used to denote 1295:has derived from 1148:), deriving from 1021: 1020: 908:Socialist Albania 873:Albanian Republic 828:Republic of Korçë 728:League of Prizren 660:Sanjak of Scutari 655:Sanjak of Albania 501: 500: 332:Albanian language 264:Kângë Kreshnikësh 5027: 4995: 4984: 4963: 4942: 4921: 4904: 4877: 4854: 4835: 4824: 4803: 4766: 4733: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4710:. Archived from 4690: 4677: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4657: 4651:. Archived from 4640: 4628: 4607: 4596: 4573: 4552: 4533: 4522: 4499: 4478: 4455: 4434: 4413: 4392: 4373: 4358: 4347: 4328: 4307: 4297: 4287: 4276: 4255: 4236: 4213: 4202: 4189: 4166: 4143: 4122: 4120: 4118:10.15291/csi.627 4095: 4078: 4044: 4034: 4029:. Archived from 4007: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3863: 3843: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3795: 3794:, pp. 9–17. 3789: 3783: 3777: 3768: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3725: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3695: 3689: 3675: 3664: 3614:Mikropoulos 2008 3611: 3605: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3481: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3429: 3409: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3379: 3364: 3337: 3328: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3278:, p. 745. " 3273: 3267: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3209: 3203: 3192: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3149: 3143: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3064: 3058: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3001: 2992: 2985: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2930: 2924: 2874: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2746: 2735: 2734: 2728: 2720: 2718: 2707: 2696: 2695: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2632: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2537: 2510: 2499:Shqipni/Shqipëri 2365:, their country 2356: 2327: 2321: 2312: 2270: 2038:Shqipni/Shqipëri 2006:lingua epirotica 1970:Late Middle Ages 1842:(Albanians) and 1756:Jean-Léon Gérôme 1692:Today, the term 1548: 1130:Late Middle Ages 1109:(Gheg Albanian: 1013: 1006: 999: 878:Albanian Kingdom 799: 758:Albanian Vilayet 695:Massacre of the 680:Manastir Vilayet 622:Venetian Albania 531: 521: 503: 502: 493: 486: 479: 213:Albanian culture 41: 18: 17: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4981: 4960: 4893: 4874: 4848: 4821: 4717: 4715: 4708: 4661: 4659: 4655: 4649: 4638: 4625: 4600:Matica (2007). 4593: 4570: 4546: 4519: 4496: 4475: 4452: 4431: 4410: 4389: 4367: 4344: 4325: 4295: 4273: 4252: 4233: 4186: 4163: 4042: 4027: 3993: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3956: 3952: 3944: 3940: 3932: 3928: 3920: 3916: 3908: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3844: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3805: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3778: 3771: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3715:, pp. 321. 3711: 3707: 3696: 3692: 3676: 3667: 3612: 3608: 3555: 3551: 3543: 3539: 3492: 3488: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3459: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3410: 3406: 3400: 3396: 3380: 3367: 3340:Baltsiotis 2011 3338: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3274: 3270: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3242: 3233: 3229: 3221: 3212: 3204: 3195: 3171: 3167: 3159: 3152: 3144: 3137: 3127: 3125: 3114:"Robert Elsie, 3112: 3111: 3107: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3066:Comnena, Anna. 3065: 3061: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3038: 3002: 2995: 2986: 2982: 2976: 2972: 2968:, pp. 481. 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2875: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2747: 2738: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2708: 2699: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2666: 2652: 2648: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2619: 2538: 2513: 2357: 2330: 2322: 2315: 2271: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2214: 2089: 2083: 2053:Giovanni Orsini 2026:abënuer/arbëror 1951: 1945: 1908:Italian surname 1893: 1854:(Ghegland) and 1742: 1736: 1644: 1638: 1608:(Арбански) and 1567: 1565:Arbanasi people 1561: 1206: 1196: 1017: 981: 980: 979: 949: 941: 940: 921: 913: 912: 863:June Revolution 795: 776: 768: 767: 748:Battle of Deçiq 670:Scutari Vilayet 665:Sanjak of Dibra 645:Ottoman Albania 635: 627: 626: 617:League of Lezhë 577: 569: 568: 539: 519: 512: 497: 452: 451: 399: 398: 387: 335: 334: 323: 216: 215: 204: 96:North Macedonia 53: 52: 12: 11: 5: 5033: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5012: 4997: 4996: 4985: 4979: 4964: 4958: 4943: 4922: 4905: 4891: 4878: 4872: 4855: 4846: 4825: 4819: 4804: 4778:(4): 882–902. 4767: 4749:(2): 279–315. 4734: 4723: 4706: 4691: 4678: 4667: 4647: 4629: 4623: 4608: 4597: 4591: 4574: 4568: 4553: 4544: 4523: 4517: 4500: 4494: 4479: 4473: 4456: 4450: 4435: 4429: 4414: 4408: 4393: 4387: 4374: 4365: 4348: 4342: 4329: 4323: 4308: 4288: 4277: 4271: 4256: 4250: 4237: 4231: 4214: 4203: 4190: 4184: 4167: 4161: 4144: 4123: 4111:(4): 551–568. 4096: 4079: 4053:(4): 758–793. 4035: 4033:on 2016-01-25. 4025: 4008: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3986: 3974: 3950: 3938: 3926: 3914: 3912:, p. 143. 3902: 3890: 3878: 3876:, p. 101. 3866: 3858: 3835: 3823: 3811: 3796: 3784: 3769: 3741: 3737:Anscombe 2006b 3726: 3717: 3705: 3690: 3665: 3661:Kato Arvanitia 3606: 3549: 3537: 3486: 3473: 3453: 3441: 3432: 3426:978-0810861886 3425: 3404: 3394: 3365: 3329: 3320: 3308: 3296: 3268: 3260:Koukoudis 2003 3252: 3250:, p. 143. 3248:Nitsiakos 2010 3240: 3227: 3210: 3193: 3165: 3150: 3135: 3105: 3093: 3084: 3075: 3059: 3046: 3036: 2993: 2980: 2970: 2958: 2946: 2944:, p. 613. 2934: 2925: 2866: 2857: 2819:, more rarely 2795:, Bulg., Mac. 2736: 2697: 2671: 2664: 2646: 2627: 2617: 2540:Kamusella 2009 2511: 2461:, the country 2328: 2313: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2213: 2210: 2082: 2077: 2018:Dheu i Arbënit 1944: 1939: 1912:southern Italy 1892: 1887: 1735: 1733:Arnaut/Arnavut 1730: 1672:Greek language 1637: 1632: 1584:, such as the 1560: 1555: 1303:Illyrian tribe 1223:dialects) and 1195: 1190: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1001: 993: 990: 989: 983: 982: 978: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 951: 950: 947: 946: 943: 942: 939: 938: 933: 928: 926:Post-communism 922: 919: 918: 915: 914: 911: 910: 905: 903:Liberation Day 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 813:Peasant Revolt 810: 805: 800: 793: 788: 783: 777: 774: 773: 770: 769: 766: 765: 760: 755: 753:Revolt of 1912 750: 745: 743:Revolt of 1911 740: 738:Revolt of 1910 735: 733:League of Peja 730: 725: 723:Revolt of 1847 720: 718:Revolt of 1845 715: 710: 705: 700: 692: 687: 685:Kosovo Vilayet 682: 677: 675:Janina Vilayet 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 636: 633: 632: 629: 628: 625: 624: 619: 614: 612:Principalities 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 587:Bulgarian rule 584: 582:Byzantine rule 578: 575: 574: 571: 570: 567: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 540: 537: 536: 533: 532: 524: 523: 514: 513: 506: 499: 498: 496: 495: 488: 481: 473: 470: 469: 468: 467: 462: 454: 453: 450: 449: 444: 443: 442: 437: 427: 426: 425: 420: 415: 410: 394: 393: 392: 389: 388: 386: 385: 384: 383: 378: 373: 368: 358: 357: 356: 351: 346: 330: 329: 328: 325: 324: 322: 321: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 222: 211: 210: 209: 206: 205: 203: 202: 201: 200: 195: 193:United Kingdom 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 105: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 66: 48: 47: 46: 43: 42: 34: 33: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5032: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5007: 5005: 4993: 4992: 4986: 4982: 4980:9783515063326 4976: 4972: 4971: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4892:9780195046526 4888: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4873:9780914710899 4869: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4847:9780872499775 4843: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4826: 4822: 4820:9783643107930 4816: 4812: 4811: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4772:Slavic Review 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4724: 4714:on 2021-08-14 4713: 4709: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4679: 4675: 4674: 4668: 4658:on 2016-02-05 4654: 4650: 4648:9789602331873 4644: 4637: 4636: 4630: 4626: 4624:9781317306818 4620: 4616: 4615: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4598: 4594: 4592:9783486589801 4588: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4569:9780333666128 4565: 4561: 4560: 4554: 4551: 4547: 4545:9780810858466 4541: 4537: 4532: 4531: 4524: 4520: 4518:9783447039390 4514: 4510: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4495:9780739102121 4491: 4487: 4486: 4480: 4476: 4474:9789004221529 4470: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4451:9789607760869 4447: 4443: 4442: 4436: 4432: 4430:9789754283464 4426: 4422: 4421: 4415: 4411: 4409:9780415462686 4405: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4390: 4388:9780230550704 4384: 4380: 4375: 4372: 4368: 4366:9780521274593 4362: 4357: 4356: 4349: 4345: 4343:9780714653914 4339: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4324:9781845112875 4320: 4316: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4278: 4274: 4272:9786054023448 4268: 4264: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4251:9781845110314 4247: 4243: 4238: 4234: 4232:9783663096092 4228: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4195:Res Albanicae 4191: 4187: 4185:9780415064491 4181: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4162:9783447062213 4158: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4026:9781558763838 4022: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3983: 3978: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3947: 3942: 3935: 3930: 3923: 3918: 3911: 3906: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3870: 3861: 3859:9788899565442 3855: 3851: 3850: 3842: 3840: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3793: 3788: 3782:, p. 22. 3781: 3776: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3745: 3738: 3733: 3731: 3721: 3714: 3709: 3702: 3701: 3697:"Arnavudca". 3694: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678:Anscombe 2006 3674: 3672: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3561:fjalët e urta 3558: 3553: 3546: 3545:Trudgill 1977 3541: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3494:Friedman 2009 3490: 3476: 3474:9781135193881 3470: 3466: 3465: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3436: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3398: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3324: 3317: 3316:Barančić 2008 3312: 3305: 3300: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3237: 3231: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3207: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3147: 3146:Ćirković 2007 3142: 3140: 3123: 3119: 3117: 3109: 3103:, p. 37. 3102: 3097: 3088: 3079: 3072: 3071: 3063: 3056: 3050: 3040: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2998: 2990: 2984: 2974: 2967: 2962: 2956:, p. 25. 2955: 2954:Jelavich 1983 2950: 2943: 2942:Vasiliev 1958 2938: 2929: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2861: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2732: 2726: 2715: 2714: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2683: 2675: 2667: 2661: 2657: 2650: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2631: 2621: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2567:), Romanian ( 2566: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2389:(Greek), and 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2325: 2320: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2258: 2244: 2243:Albanian name 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2215: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1990:gjuhë epirote 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1962:Marin Barleti 1959: 1955: 1950: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1898: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1844:Arnavud kavmı 1841: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1746: 1741: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1604:(Арбанаски), 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1559: 1554: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1492:(Αλβανίτες), 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1408:(in the book 1407: 1403: 1400:(in the book 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1323:Indo-European 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1305:mentioned by 1304: 1300: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245:Gheg Albanian 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1205: 1201: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1186:Ottoman world 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142:Albanian flag 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1099:Gheg Albanian 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1065:Indo-European 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1002: 1000: 995: 994: 992: 991: 988: 985: 984: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 952: 945: 944: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 923: 917: 916: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 798: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 778: 772: 771: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 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Retrieved 3122:the original 3115: 3108: 3096: 3087: 3078: 3067: 3062: 3054: 3049: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3004:Viereck 1993 2988: 2983: 2973: 2966:Demiraj 1998 2961: 2949: 2937: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2860: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783:"Albanian", 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2749:Demiraj 2010 2712: 2680: 2674: 2655: 2649: 2641: 2636: 2630: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2607:(from Latin 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563:), Ottoman ( 2560: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2324:Malcolm 1998 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2205: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2184:of the term 2177: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2126: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2095: 2079: 2072: 2071:was titled: 2065:Frang Bardhi 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980:, the terms 1967: 1957: 1941: 1930: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1882: 1878: 1870: 1866: 1864: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1748: 1732: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1667: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1634: 1627: 1621: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1557: 1520: 1516: 1515:(Арбанаси), 1512: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1461: 1457: 1456:(Рабна) and 1453: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1433: 1432:traditional 1419: 1415: 1409: 1406:Anna Comnena 1401: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1347:, definite: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1318: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1279:equivalents 1272: 1268: 1267:, definite: 1264: 1260: 1252: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1192: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1145: 1121: 1117: 1115: 1106: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081:equivalents 1074: 1068: 1060: 1056: 1040: 1022: 960:Constitution 920:Contemporary 808:Principality 696: 634:Early modern 607:Serbian rule 403:Christianity 316: 280:Gjamë/Vajtim 220:Architecture 107: 68: 61: 56: 15: 4920:(1): 87–99. 3964:(singular)/ 3946:Guzina 2003 3922:Bihiku 1980 3886:Pappas 1981 3819:Norris 1993 3589:αρβανίτικος 3515:Shqip(ë)tar 3449:Liakos 2012 3223:Murati 1991 3206:Liotta 2001 3161:Matica 2007 3101:Finlay 1851 2915:, and even 2849:allbanc(er) 2843:, (Mandr.) 2679:"ALBANCI". 2439:Albanopolis 2385:(English), 2377:(Italian), 2359:Lloshi 1999 2129:are native 2111:Shqip(ë)tar 2040:, (lingua) 1922:(singular, 1918:, the term 1769:(اروانيد), 1618:Tsar Samuel 1598:Middle Ages 1582:South Slavs 1311:Albanopolis 1161:many others 803:Balkan Wars 775:Late modern 518:History of 408:Catholicism 260:Epic poetry 178:Switzerland 5004:Categories 4718:2021-02-09 4662:2016-11-30 4505:"Albanian" 4306:: 215–225. 4172:"Albanian" 4130:. Tirana: 3874:Nadin 2013 3761:He Alvania 3753:Arnavudluk 3686:Arnavudluk 3652:New Epirus 3569:gjëagjëzat 3565:gojëdhënat 3519:Arvanitika 3480:2017-05-15 2913:Arvanitika 2853:inter alia 2785:‘Αρβανίτης 2769:arbënu(e)r 2431:Arbanashki 2381:(German), 2309:Arbanenses 2305:Albanenses 2273:Elsie 2005 2249:References 2202:Yugoslavia 2148:The words 2106:from 1889. 2085:See also: 2057:Skanderbeg 1947:See also: 1924:albanesoto 1920:albanesoti 1860:Arnavutluk 1848:Arnavudluk 1840:Arnavudlar 1836:Arnavudluk 1787:Arnavutlar 1785:, plural: 1775:Arnavudlar 1765:(ارناود), 1738:See also: 1710:Arvanitika 1640:See also: 1586:Bulgarians 1563:See also: 1541:Aromanians 1472:; Italian 1438:("dance"). 1390:Arbanenses 1386:Albanenses 1367:reborrowed 1277:rhotacized 1198:See also: 1134:Skanderbeg 1079:rhotacized 1033:Shqiptarët 440:Bektashism 371:Arvanitika 349:Upper Reka 310:Traditions 285:Literature 275:Gjakmarrje 91:Montenegro 5015:Ethnonyms 4901:311413460 4800:165104213 4763:141046831 4075:154724667 3792:Emin 2014 3648:Arvanitia 3644:Arvanitia 3639:Arvanitia 3634:Arvanitia 3630:Arvanitia 3618:Arvanitia 3585:Αρβανιτιά 3581:Αρβανίτης 3577:toponimet 3524:Arbërisht 3498:et passim 3356:Arvanitis 3348:Arvanitēs 3344:Arvanitis 3284:арбанаски 2889:Arbërisht 2885:shqiptarë 2847:, (Ukr.) 2811:, German 2763:— (gheg) 2725:cite book 2601:Shqiptarë 2577:Shqiptarë 2556:Arbëreshë 2544:Shqiptarë 2479:shqiptarë 2475:arbëreshe 2471:arbëneshe 2419:Albanisch 2383:Albanians 2363:shqiptarë 2301:Arbanites 2297:Arbanitai 2254:Citations 2238:Arbëreshë 2208:instead. 2170:Arbëreshë 2162:Shqiptarë 2158:Shqipëria 2123:Shqipëria 2022:Arbëní/rí 1929:The term 1821:Alvanitis 1817:Arvanitis 1796:Arvanites 1791:Arnavutça 1718:Arvanitia 1714:Arvanitia 1706:Arvanitis 1702:Alvanites 1698:Arbëreshë 1694:Arvanites 1687:Albanians 1679:Alvanitis 1663:Arvanites 1658:Arvanitis 1651:Albanians 1642:Arvanites 1635:Arvanites 1610:Arbanaški 1602:Arbanaski 1594:Albanians 1580:that the 1549:, in the 1529:Arbëreshë 1521:Arbëreshë 1490:Alvanites 1486:Alvanitis 1482:Arvanites 1476:; 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Knowledge

Names of the Albanians and Albania

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